Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 44, Number 125, 5 April 1919 — Page 8

PAGE TEN

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM SATURDAY, APRIL 5, 1919.

SMITH ASKS NEW CONTRACT TO BE LET FOR BRIDGE

Contractor Asks Relief From

Present Terms Charging

Potential Loss of $27,000.

Isaac E. Smith, contractor for the

Mala street bridge. Is facing a poten

tlal loss of $27,000 on the bridge unless be is given relief under a law Just passed by the state legislature, by which contractors and builders may be reinbursed for Increased cost of

building due to the war, he says in a petition which will be presented to the

county commissioners Monday.

Smith asks that he be paid for the work already done at the contract

price, released from the present con

tract and bids asked for the comple

tion of the bridge. If this is done, he said, the work can be speeded up and the bridge completed this summer. Labor has advanced, lumber once worth $28 per thousand feet is $45 per thousand, freight rates have almost doubled, cement costs 8 cents a barrel more, hardware and tools are worth 75 percent more, says the petition, and Insurance has also gone up. Building Held Up. The building of the bridge was held tip by shortage of labor, Inefficiency of the labor secured, and embargoes on materials by the government. It was impossible, says Smith, to complete the bridge when specified, and to have attempted to do so would have bankrupted him, or he would have had to turn the contract back to the county. Smith filed a petition In the office of the auditor today asking that he be given relief from his present contract, and that a new contract be let by the county commissioners on the basis of the Increased cost of labor and materials. The petition will be presented to the commissioners at their meeting Monday when a date will be fixed for hearing the petition. County Auditor Rrooks thought the date of hearing would be Saturday, April 26.

5Sfe NEW MIDDLE EUROPE W

FOUR STATES

(Continued From Page One)

ty, the creation of a corridor betwen

Dantzlg and Bromberg on the left

bank of the Vistula, offered even

greater difficulties since it gave Poland an- indefensible strip of territory separating two masses of German population and restored the conditions which had led to the first partition. After many long debates, the Allies have, it appears, taken the bull by the horns and accepted the only locical solution. West Prussia and East Prussia are to be Polish. The Gorman facade on the Baltic is to be abolished and 20,000,000 of Poles totally inside this facade are to have the breathing space essential to their national existence. Includes Russian Poland. Thus constituted, Poland will consist of all of Russian Poland, practically all of the old Prussian provinces of East and West Prussia and Posen, a relatively small strip of Prussian Silesia valuable because of its great mineral wealth, and rather .more than half of the Austrian Province of Galicia, including Lemberg. It will also include the old Vilna and Grodno. Thus constituted, Poland will have a population of between 25,000,000 and 30,000,000 of people, at least threefourths of them Poles, and an area of between 100,000 and 115,000 square miles. In a word, it will have an area approximately equal to that of the modern Italian kingdom with a population In excess of that of Italy at the moment when the Savoy monarchy achieved its unity in the nineteenth century. The second of the states to be recreated, that of Czecho-Slovakia, presents less formidable problems. Bohemia and Moravia with Austrian Silesia, were a well defined area and Bohemia as an Austrian province preserved the frontiers it had enjoyed before the Thirty Years War deprived it of its independence. The 6ingle serious question was as to German populations inhabiting the frontier districts. These populations would naturally choose to be German rather than Slav, but were they surrended to Germany, the new state would be deprived of all Its natural frontiers, all the gateways to its territory would be in enemy hands. In this situation again the Conference of Paris has taken the logical course. It is resolved to preserve the historic frontiers of the Czechs. To these Austrian provinces it will add the Slovak countries of Hungary lying in a tangled mass of hills which constitute the south shore of the Carpathians. Czecho slovakia thus constituted will be a state with an area of rather more than 40,000 square miles, that Is about four time? the size of Belgium, with a population of between 13,000,000 and 14,000,000. It will be perhaps the most curious state in Europe, extending from the new Roumanian frontier into the very heart of Germany, having the general outline of the observation balloon which the soldiers named a "sausage,"

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but despite this strange configuration its population wil be almost solidly

Slav.

Difficulty Yet Unsolved. The third of the states to be created

Is that of the Jugo Slavs. Hera a sin

gle difficulty had to be faced, and has not yet been fully resolved. From the Alps to the Danube, the Drave river constituted a natural frontier which substantially divided the Germans from the Slovins in the West and the Hungarians from the Serbs in the East. Minor modifications to take in

outlying Serb fractions beyond the Drave, the Danube and the Theiss have been made, but substantially the northern frontiers of Jugo Slavia will be the Drave and the Danube from the

new Italian frontiers at Trieste and the old Bulgarian frontiers at Widin. On the east, the old Serbian frontier will be maintained. Along the Adriatic, with two exceptions, the sea supplies the natural frontier, but in Dalmatia and about Fiume and Trieste, Italian and Jugo-Slavic aspirations clashed and this clash has supplied one of the most difficult questions of the whole conference. The difficulties were enhanced by the fact that the moment when Italy entered the war, the French and British government hr.d guaranteed to Italy not only the possession of Trieste with the Slav Hinterland, but also the possession of the northern half of Dalmatia, and most of the Adriatic islands. Whatver may be the justice of the Italian claims as to Istria, there is no mistaking the fact that the great mass of the people of Dalmatia are not merely Slav, but determined to

become part of the new Jugo Slavic j

state. At the present moment the problems remains to be settled, but there is growing belief that a compromise will be reached by which Italy while retaining the Adriatic islands will exchange most if not all of

her share of Dalmatia for the wholly Italian town of Fiume, which was not included in the regions guaranteed to her by the Allies, but constitutes an unmistakable fraction of Italian Irredenta. Population Slavonic. The new Jugo Slavic state will then have an area approximately as great as that of Poland and of Italy herself, with a population of between 10,000,000 and 12,000,000. This population will be almost without exception Slavonic, made up of three branches of the Southern Slav family, the Slovins in the north, the Croats in the center, and the Serbs in the south. It will offer an opportunity for commercial advancement and there is every reason to look forward to the rapid development of still another considerable nation in Europe if only the present jealousies betwen the Slav and the Italian can be removed. Less formidable than the task of creating a new Jugo Slavia and a new Poland or even a new Czecho-Slavonia, is the task of extending Roumania to include the Roumanians dwelling in Russia, Austria and Hungary. These Roumanians made a solid block of something like 14,000,000 of people. Today the frontiers have been re

drawn to include all but a minor fraction. As it has been rebuilt, Roumania will consist in addition to the old kingdom of the Russian province of Transylvania complete, and more than two-thirds of the Hungarian province of the Banat, one county of which after some dispute has been allotted to Servia as well as a corner about the city of Szegedin, which has been allotted to Hungary. In addition, it is probable that many minor divisions of Hungary, inhabited by Roumanians, will be included within the new frontiers. As it is delimited, the new Roumania will have an area of 105,000 to

110,000 square miles, which is approximately the same as that of Poland and Jugo Slavia, with a population of betwen 14,000,000 and 15,000,000, a population which, given the Roumanian capacity for increase, will doubtless pass the 20,000,000 mark within a generation. Restore Power Balance. It remains to glance at the new Hungary, which will be left after the outlying regions inhabited by Slovaks and Southern Slavs and Roumanians have been subtracted. This state will have between 55,000 and 60,000 square miles of area, and a poplation of between 6,000,000 and 8,000,000, which will be purely Magyar and include by far the greater number of the Magyars. Such, in Bum, is the new map of Europe as it has been made up to the present moment. The Conference of Paris has decided to create four comparatively considerable states, three of them large as modern Italy, out of territories acquired by Germany, Russia and Austria, in past centuries by suppressing the liberties of the races inhabiting these lands. In the new European system and in the League of Nations these four powers will play a considerable part. In a measure they will restore the balance of power in Europe destroyed when Rusia collapesed under German attack. Combined, they will constitute a permanent and formidable obstacle to the German conception of Mittel Europa. Instead of a number of subject pecpics supplying cannon fodder for their

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German masters, we shall have at least four races, rtth their own Institutions, their own organizations, only looking to the western powers alike for Inspiration on the Intellectual side, assistance on the material side, and and on the military side. If Germany resumes her old course, millions of Poles, Czechs, Roumanians and Southern Slavs will be, in the nature of things, allied with the Western Powers and not form a large fraction of Germany's military resources in her attacks. Outlines of New Europe, A hundred years ago, when Europe liquidated the Napoleonic wars, its greatest concern was to erect substantial barriers against a return of France. To do this, she put Prussia on guard on the Rhine, transferred Belgium to Holland, sacrificed all the considerations of humanity and justice in the East to preserve an alliance between Austria, Prussia and Russia which should be capable of coping with France. The result of this policy was at last revealed in the recent war. The subject nationalities supplied Germany and Austria with the capacity for attacking Western civilization. The first problem today must be to guard against Germany as that of 1815 was to take measures against France, and today the Conference at Paris Is seeking to combine security with a recognition of the rights of the smaller races, and these four nations represent the real and practical results of nearly three months' work at Paris. Minor modifications may still come, but on the whole with these plans adopted the outlines of the new Europe which is to come forth as a consequence of the recent war are now plain.

Army of Guides Getting Ready for Tourist Hosts PARIS, April 5. An army of prospective guides already has begun drilling and rehearsing patter on former battlefields of France in preparation for tourist hosts from America. The National Touring club of France organized before the war, has resumed business. Its first act was to map out the battle areas.

SAYS GERMANS LOST WAR ON AUGUST 8

(By Associated PrM BERLIN, April 5. One of the Berlin newspapers prints extracts from the forthcoming book written by General Ludendorff, former first quartermaster general of the German armies. General Ludendorff says the defeat of the Germans on August 8, (in the Franco-British offensive near Albert and north of Montdidier) finally resulted in the Germans losing hope of a military victory. Conferences were held with Chancellor von Hertling, Admiral von Hintze, the foreign minister and Field Marshal von Hindenburg on August 14, 15 and 16, and there was a meeting of the crown council "at which I clearly stated that the war could no longer be won militarily," Ludendorff says. Memorial Services for U. 5. Dead at Westminster Abbey LONDON, April 5. A memorial service for Americans who fell during the war was held at Westminster Abbey at noon today under the auspices of the English Speaking union. The service was attended by a large number of Americans, Including detachments from the army and navy. The service opened with the hymn, "O God. Our Help in Ages Past," followed by special prayers by the Rt. Rev. H. E. Ryle, dean of Westminster, who, in an address, said: "Let us unite in thanking God for those, our brothers of the great Amer-

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lean republic, who have laid down their lives in a sacred and righteous cause. May America and Great BrUiain go forward charged with the privilege of the common stewardship of the liberties of mankind." "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" and the American and British national anthems were sung and, while the congregation was still standing, the plaintive notes of a bugle in some far off recess of the abbey sounded taps. Among those present were Ambassador and Mrs. Davis, Winston Spencer Churchill, secretary of state for war, and Viscount Bryce.

WHY BREAKFAST WAS LATE

SWARTWCOD, N. J, April 5. Jepha StolL farmhand, couldn't eat breakfast until he'd driven six miles to buy a match to start a fire to thaw his false teeth out of the water glass.

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