Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 44, Number 109, 18 March 1919 — Page 6

fAGE SIX.

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM t s Published Every Evening Except . Sunday, by Palladium Printing Co. Palladium Building. North Ninth and Sailor Streets. Entered at the Post Office at Richmond. Indiana, as Seo - ond Class Mall Matter. MBMOEH Or THIS ASSOCIATED PRESS Th Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the UN for republication of all news dlcpatchea credited to It or not otherwise credited In this paper and also the local news published herein. All righto of republication of spe

cial dispatches herein are also reserved.

Bringing the Court-Martial Law Up to Date The court-martial law under which 22,000

trials were held in the last eighteen months is to

undergo examination by a civilian committee of

the American Bar Association to ascertain its "justice and adequacy". This investigation follows a wide spread discontent among the soldiers " with the operation of the law. The Bar Asso- ; ciation's investigation will have the cooperation

and assistance of the army authorities, indicating

that they themselves feel that something is wrong with a law which infilcts severe punishment for trifling violations of the military code. The scope of the investigation will not include examination of individual cases but will be of a general nature to discover if the present court-martial law is up to date, adequate and just. The instructions of the committee set out: "We must know whether it meets actual conditions. To reach in this case of court-martial ; law our general purpose, it will no doubt be necessary not only to make an examination into the law itself, but also to investigate the manner and the results of its administration." The severe sentences that have been imposed under the court-martial law during the war, made many people conclude that mistakes were made without anyone being to blame and that the 1'ault lies inherently in the law itself and not so much in the officers who administered it. This !

of course can be ascertained only after the law ? has undergone a close scrutiny by the investigating committee. Three factors present themselves in a discussion of the court-martial trials. First, the spirit of the soldiers ; secondly, the attitude of the old West Point officers toward men who are not " professional soldiers; thirdly, the inexperience of young officers administering discipline for the first time. The American army as it was made up during the war contained boys who were accustomed to think and act for themselves. Many of them had never been under rigid discipline of any kind and they were unable for a long time to grasp

the idea back of an order, namely, to make each ! j; s.i l a A 1 1 i "ii j

( uiuiviuuai automatically ana quiCKiy act in con- ' junction with the whole mass in executing the decision of the officers. Many of the cases of ' disobedience tried under the court-martial law were attributable to the fact that our high spirited boys did not know what they were asked to do and that instantaneous obedience to orders is absolutely essential to military success. Perhaps the old West Pointers, accustomed

too much from the men who composed the new army. The professional officer often can't understand why the recruit who has just entered the army after years of civilian life cannot readily pick up the spirit of the establishment and absorb the principle of army discipline. Sentences

their over-emphasis on discipline and their own inability to see that the boys did not intentionally commit breaches of the army regulations. Many officers had had no military training except a few weeks in the officers training camps. Even in civilian life they had not been

trained as executives and did not know how to handle men. Many of them took their new duties too seriously and set out to administer discipline with a severity that was in direct pror portion often to their executive ignorance. They tried to make the men live up to the letter of the law with an utter disregard of its spirit. This does not say that young officers were entirely to blame, because some of the finest flowers of American manhood were to be found among these men. Their mistakes were not made intentionally and the fault, as indicated before is to be found in the court-martial law itself, which permits the inflictjpn of the penalties that were assessed. Discipline is absolutely necessary in the military establishment. When thousands of men are congregated in vast camps, strict rules must be set up and violations must be punished. The present court-martial law, seemingly has drawn fire not only from civilians but also from the army itself, for the willingness of the military establishment to co-operate with the civilian committee indicates that the military leaders have concluded that the law needs a thorough overhauling.

Something For Nothing Since creation's dawn mankind has tried to get something for nothing. The savage wants to live without hunting and fishing. The barbarian wants to become wealthy by robbing and stealing, and, alas, thousands of civilized men hope to become rich by investing

a few dollars in wild cat schemes or by appro

priating through a Bolshevist movement the sav

ings of other people.

We cannot escape the law of nature that man must work to obtain his livelihood. Idleness never brought a golden reward. Neither does dependency on another lead to success. Men prosper in direct proportion to their hard work. The Socialists, the I. W. W. and the Bolshevists might just as well recognize this

principle now as later, and the gambler and plunger need not deceive themselves into believing that fortune favors those who trust in blind chances. A "lucky man" nine times out of ten is a "hard working man". The exceptions are so few that they are negligible, but your gambler and Bolshevist hold up these few exceptions as a proof of the fallacy. There are no miracles in the financial and industrial world. Something cannot be produced out of nothing. If you do not want to put hard brain and physical labor into your task, you will not be a success. The sure winner always is the hard worker. That is the verdict of history.

Of

all the stories of garden club

members that have come to the United states Department of Agriculture, none tells of mort devoted work than that of a Berkshire county (Mass.) girl, now blind in one eye and losing the sight of the other. She raised a pig in her pig pen when the government called for more meat, and when the army called for fruit pits to make gas masks, the number of stones she gathered was the second largest Individual number in the county. And she cultivated a garden successfully when the government told the necessity for more food Production. ' "I was very much Interested In club Wv thls year and 1 was very happy while working in my garden," wrote this girl in her story. "I knew that all the time I was helpingUncle Sam." Except for a few furrows turned by father where the land was particularly rough, all the work in her garden was jione by Che girl, an din addition she helped her father in his food plot. Between the lines of her report may be read some of her difficulties. "The greatest delight my pig had."

she wrote," was Jumping the fence of Lis pen and rooting In my garden." But nothing daunted her, and the surplus products of her work, stored for the family's winter use, made a fine showing.

Shorter Constitution of League of Nations Explains All Phases of the Momentous Document of Allies

Abridged Draft Supplied by Archibald B. Watson, ex-Corporation Counsel of New York City Valuable in Study of This Important Movement in. World Diplomacy

When did First Tavern Open Its Doors in City?

POINTED PARAGRAPHS

WHY NOT REDUCE IT TO ONE CENT? Indianapolis Star. Maybe the announcement that postage will go back to two cents in July was due to consciousness of the worth of the service Mr. Burleson has been giving us.

One hundred and seven years ago, when Richmond could hardly be called even a settlement, the first tavern was opened here, and from that time the city was noted for the number and sociability of its places of entertainment. Philip Harter opened the first tavern on South Pearl street, now South Fifth, and he was followed fn a few months by Jonathan Bayles with "Th

feign of the Green Tree," at Fifth and Main, and Ephraim Lacey opened one about the same time at Fouth and Main. , Ezra Boswell was the hardy soul who started the first real saloon in 1818. He sold beer and cakes, and encouraged chess-playing. Christian Buhl started a tavern west of Whitewater near the National road bridge, shortly afterwards. Patrick Just was the most prosperous of these early tavern keepers. His place was at the extreme east end of town, at Eight and Main. He made so much money that an early and informal income commission made up of citizens set his prices for him. They are very interesting now. For meals he got 18 cents; lodging, 6V4 cents; whiskey, half pint, 6M cents; brandy, 12 cents; strong beer per quart, 25 cents; imported brandy, I

rum ana, wines, naif pint, 50 cents; keeping horse for night with ' good feed, 50 cents; with hay only, 25 cents, for one feed 12 cents.

DEATHBED REPENTANCE Chicago Tribune. Two towns in Massachusetts and one in Vermont have voted wet for the first time in their historA What do you make of that? . V

THAT'S EASY BOTH Charleston News and Courier. In the war between Hindenburg and the Bolshevikl, which side shall we root for? 1

HABIT SEEMS TO HAVE THE CALL Toledo Blade. Trying to do good to others is a virtue. Trying to do others is a habit.

"Kolossal!"

From the Washington Post.

FTy HERE is nothing in the world so completely di3-

concerting as the mentality of the latter-day Ger

many. The more it is studied the greater is the puzzle it affords. If the German nation, instead of being

In close and daily contact with the rest of the world, had been living on some island with a thousand miles o?

ocean between It and modern civilization, its mental iso

lation could not have been greater than it is. The latest

instance of the extraordinary state of mind of the German people 13 furnished by Gen. von Dickhuth-Harrach in a letter addressed to Mr. S. H. Church, secretary of the Carnegie institute. Gen. von Dickhuth-Herrach is far from being the "premier venu." He was in 1907 sent by the kaiser to represent Germany at the opening of the new Carnegie Institute building in Pittsburgh. He was at that time lecturer on military strategy to the German emperor and the princes of the royal house. At the outbreak of the world war he held the important post of commandant of Danzig. Later he was made governor of Thorn , and placed by Gen. von Hindenburg at the head of the troops whose mission it was to drive the Russians out of east Prussia. Such positions are not, as a rule given to men of inferior Intelligence. It is therefore beyond all doubt that Gen. von Dickhuth-Harrrach is to be regarded as a typical exponent of German mentality and latter-day German ideas and aspirations. The general begins by admitting that "the world in which we have hitherto lived has perished and we are confronted with the terribly difficult task of creating another out of the ruins." There is no hint that Germany brought this on herself by her arrogant dreams of world conquest He speaks as if Germany had been the victim of some cataclysm of nature, like an earthquake or an inundation. The work of reconstructing Germany "would," he says, "demand the utmost exertion of all our powers, even If we were able to approach it unhindered." But no such opportunity is to be given it Instead of deeply sympathizing with the German nation in its present unfortunate plight and rushing to its assistance, "our adversaries are exercising such political and economical pressure that there is danger that Germany will bo ruined In tho midst of anarchy and utter impoverishment."

How dreadful! It is true that this was the fate meted out by Germany to Belgium, northern France, Sepbia, Roumania and Russia; but then these countries are peopled by non-German, ergo inferior, races. But the gallant general does not despair. "With

'Etrong hearts," he declares, "full of courage and hope, and

Dinn er S tor i c s

In a small camp in France a young negro was lazily unloading material from a freight car. His superior remarked to him that he was not very ambitious. "Man," he said, "there is no use having ambition in this man's army; Uncle Sam gives me the same dollar if I's got ambition or if I ain't got ambition."

After a grand review of German troops at Potsdam the Kaiser callprt

Out to the officer enmmandin? ho I Council.

Prusian guard, in a voice loud enough to be heard by all the distinguished guests who were grouped in front of the palace: "Pick me out a hundred men from the Prussian guard." Then taking the arm of King Edward VII, who was there, he said, "Come with me." He escorted King Edward very delicately round the hundred men and then said banteringly, "Well, do you think you could find a hundred men in England to beat them?" "I don't know so much about that," could easily find fifty who would try."

Prom The New York Tliuea.

RGHIBALD R. WATSON, exCorporation Counsel of New York city and the author of a number of legal treaties and text-books, has prepared the fol 1 o w i ng condensed draft of the constitution of the proposed League of Na

tions. It is only a trifle more than one-quarter as long as the original. Only the verbiage, surplusages, and repetitions, Mr. Watson says, are omitted.. The titles are inserted to give fur

ther aid to a ready and easy under

standing of the document so that the

reader may grasp the proposed con

ditions of the League and the national rights and obligations acquired or assumed by the League membership: PREAMBLE. Purposes of the League. The purposes of the League, as stated in the. preamble, are:

J. International co-operation. 2. International peace. 3. International security. 4. Just and honorable international relations. 5. The establishment of international law. 6. The maintenance of treaty obligations. ARTICLE I. Instrumentalities of Action. The instrumentalities of action are declared. to be: (1) An executive council, (2) a body of delegates, (3) a permanent secretariat. ARTICLE II. Body of Delegates The Body of Delegates,' (hereinafter referred to as the Delegates),' consisting of representatives of League members, of which the first meeting is to

be called by the President of the United States, is to meet at stated intervals, or ss occasion requires, at the seat of the League, or elsewhere at convenience. No League member may

have more than one vote in this body, but may have as many as three delegates. All procedural matters are to be determined by majority vote. The Delegates are also empowered to complete the Executive Council mentioned in "II." infra, by the selection of four additional States, in adition to the "charter members" of the Council as provided. ARTICLE II. Executive Council. The Executive Council (hereinafter referred to as the Council) shall consist of representatives of the United States, the British Empire, France, Italy, and Japan, together with the representatives of four "other States to be selected by the Delegates, as stated

in "II," supra. Pending such selection, representatives of States not yet

named in the draft are to be members of the Council. Meetings of the Coun

cil, of which the first shall be called by the President of the United States,

shall be held at least once a year at

the League seat, or elsewhere, for the consideration of any matter within the scope of the League, or anything affecting the peace of the world. All

procedural matters. are to be deter

mined by majority vote. ARTICLE IV. Procedure. All provisions hereof have been transferred to, or inserted in, "II," and "III", supra. ARTICLE V. Permanent Secretariat. This is to establish at the League seat (not fixed by the draft) under the control of a Secretary General, with such staff as may be required. The Secretary General, acting as such at meetings of the Delegates, as well as the Council, is appointed by the Council alone. The under secretaries and staff are appointed by the Secretary General subject to confirmation by the

The expenses of the secreta-

Little Billy on his fourth birthday had received $10 from his grandmntridri q tH wo a ilrn 4 V. A v. . i

trusting in God's help, we address ourselves to our heavy , tTM for hTm-the

iasK 10 prove 10 tne worm mat a rorcenu people may be

overcome in battle but cannot

be destroyed. Today

nobody cares about us, but the time will come when the nations will realize the advantages of a strong Germany in the maintenance of the world's peace and in the security of commercial intercourse In Europe." As. Gen. von Dickhuth-Harrach has stated, Germany is unable to reestablish her power single handed. She must therefore have assistance from without. So ha confidently turns to the United States to come to Germany's help. "The necessity now arises," he points out, "for America to establish relations in Europe with a reliable power, inclined and able to support American com

mercial interests in Europe and to bring about the trans

portation of American merchandise from Europe into

Asia. This power can scarcely be England. Since that

country has brought the Greek Archipelago, Egypt, Syria

and Mesopotamia, as well as Persia, under her incontestible influence, she rules all western Asia. This supremacy of England will soon become burdensome for those Who have been her allies, and it will be to America's advantage that England should remain her debtor as long

as possible."

America, in order to reach China, must send her

merchandise via Germany and Russia. But in order that

Germany may be able to take care of America's interests,

she must be aided to crush her neighbors. "Germany's eastern borders," we are informed, "must be unmolested by the greed and robber lust of the Poles, Lithunians and Czechs. Our eastern borders must be made thoroughly secure. For this, however, not a paragraph in the proceedings of the peace conference makes provision."

Any comment on the above could only weaken it, A

Hun general, denouncing the "greed and robber lust" of those who opposed Germany's attempt at world conquest

and demanding the protection of the peaca conference

against them, can only be described as "kolossal."

clerk giving him the usual bank book in which he entered, "By cash, ten dollars." ' , The next time Billy saw his grandmother he said: "My gracious! I was 'sprised you gave me such a lot of money for my birthday and so was the man at the desk, 'cause he wrote in my book, 'By gosh, ten dollars."

riat are apportioned between the members of the League. ARTICLE VI. Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities. Representatives of League members and League officials enjoy diplomatic priviliges and immunities, and all buildings used for League purposes enjoy extra territoriality. ARTICLE VII. Admission to League. New members, other than signatories of the Constitution, are elected by a vote of not less than two-third3 of the States represented in the Delegates. Membership is limited to "fully self-governing countries," including "dominions and colonies." ARTICLE VIII. Disarmament. The principles of the desirability of disarmament to the lowest point consistent with national safety is recognized, having regard always to special circumstances and geographical situa-

armaments for the "consideration" and "action" of the several States. The undesirability of the manufacture of arms and munitions by private en

terprise is also recognized, and agree

ment for a "full and frank interchange of information" as to military and naval programs is provided for. ARTICLE IX. Advisory Commission on Military and Naval Affairs. There is to be a permanent advisory commission on military and naval questions, and especially as to the carrying out of the disarmament provi

sions of "VIII," supra. ARTICLE X. Guarantees of Territorial . Integrity and Political Independence. League members are guaranteed as to" their existing territorial integrity and political independence, the Council to "advise," in case of invasion or act of aggression, upon the best means for the fulfillment of this obligation. ARTICLE" XI. Safeguarding the Peace of Nations. There is here expressed a reservation of the right to take any action, which may be deemed "wise and effectual" to preserve the peace of the world, each League member considering it to be a "friendly right" to bring to the attention qX the Delegates of Council information of any facts which may tend to disrupt international harmony. ARTICLE XII. Arbitration Submission to Executive " Council. League members will not resort to

war until three months after award or recommendation by the Council consequent upon the submission of the controversary, nor under any circumstances against a nation willing to comply with the award or recommendation of the Council. Awards must be made within a reasonable time and recommendations within six months

after submission.

ARTICLE XIII. Arbitration Submission to Court of Arbitration. Controversies may also be submitted to a court of arbitration agreed upon by the parties or stipulated in any existing treaty. In such cases awards shall be fully performed, in default of which the Executive Council shall propose steps for securing performance. ARTICLE XIV. Arbitration Court of International Justice. The Council is to formulate plans

for a permanent court of International

Justice which may hear and determine

any matters submitted to it by the

parties. ARTICLE V.

Arbitration Procedure Before Council'

In arbitrations before the Council

the parties give notice of the dispute to the Secretary General, whereupon arrangements for a full "investigation" and "consideration" shall be made.

The parties must file prompt

statements with all "relevant facts and papers," the publication of which may be directed by the Council. Where disputes are settled by the Council a published statement shall indicate the nature of the dispute and the terms of the settlement. Where there is unanimous agreement of the Council (other than the parties in interest) war shall not be made upon any nation which complies with the award or recommendations of the Council will propose measures to give effect' to its decision. The Council may refer any dispute to the Delegates, and must so refer at the request of either party if made within fourteen days from the submission of the controversy to the Council. In such cases the delegates have the same powers and are governed by like procedure as the Council. ARTICLE XVI. Consequence of Breach of Covenant to Arbitrate. Breach of the covenant to arbitrate, contained in XII, supra, is an act of war against every member of the League, who agrees to sever all relations and prohibit all intercourse, fi

nancial, commercial, and personal, with the offending State or its citizens. The Council will "recommend" the ratio of contribution of each member to the armed forces to "protect" the covenants of the League. Co-operation and mutual support are pledged in financial or economic measures adopted for the purpose stated. Permission

for the passage of troops through the j

territory of League members in operations against an offending nation is agreed. ARTICLE XVII. Controversies Between Members and Non-Member States. When a dispute occurs between a member and non-member State, or

selected according to the wishes of the people to be affected. Equal commercial opportunities for all League members are favored. The Council will define the degrees of authority and control to be exercised by the mandatory over the people and territory committed to its charge, and a Mandatory Commission at the seat of the League will examine annual reports required of the mandatories, and asist the League in mandatory and related matters. ARTICLE XX. International Labor Bureau. A permanent Bureau of Labor will be established for the purpose of securing "fair and humane" conditions of labor throughout the world. ARTICLE XXI. Equitable Treatment for Commerce. The parties agree that provision shall be made for "freedom of transit" and "equitable treatment for the commerce" of the League members, having especially in mind the needs of the regions devastated by the war. ARTICLE XXII. International Bureaus Past and -j Future. International bureaus heretofore established by treaty may be placed under League control with the consent of the treaty making power, and all such international bureaus hereafter established shall be under League con-S trol. J ARTICLE XXIII. Registration of Treaties. Treaties hereafter made are to be registered with the Secretary General of the League and published by him, and no subsequent treaty shall be binding until so registered. ARTICLE XXIV. Advice by Delgates Concerning Obsolete Treaties and Threatening Conditions.

The delegates may "advise", the reconsideration of treaties which have been inapplicable, and international conditions which may endanger world peace. ARTICLE XXV. Treaties Inconsistent With Covenants of League. All treaties or "obligations" between League members, the terms of which are inconsistent with the covenants of the League, are abrogated. ARTICLE XXIV. Amendments.

be amended by the unanimous vote of the council concurred in by threefourth of the States represented in the delegates.

Memories of Old

IN THIS

PAPER TEN TODAY

YEARS AGO

Dr. Charles Bond, city health officer, stated that the smallpox epidemic had subsided. To discuss ways and means of improving the standards of educational qualifications in the public schools, Charles VanMatre of Muncie, Harry B. Roberts of Newcastle, and L. L. Driver of Winchester met with Charles Jordan, county superintendent, here today. The Woman's Relief Corps'gave the Sol Meredith Post a donation of $25.

Good Evening! By ROY K. MOULTON

110ns, aisu me uenuaumij- ui cu ' whollv between non-member states mforcement of international obligations j W.Vf; L !lf, v -f?e

by common action. The Council is to

formulate plans for the reduction of

FACE VALUE ' By GEORGE MATTHEW ADAMS Any face is a unique. Like in form, there are no two faces alike in mould, in all the world, or since Time started out. Here are the Eyes that see, that constantly send pictured stories and messages to the brain; here is the Mouth, suggestive of much of the power that the brain weilds; and here are the lines and planes of the Cheeks that tie to the Chin and tell the world of a man or something else! What is there that is more interesting than a face? Am I thrilled by a wonderful passage from some book, am I fascinated by some marvelous picture, do I sit spellbound by some composition of music Oh, I would see the face of the one who produced each! I would see the stamp of hunger, or privation, or sacrifice, or determination, or beauty or something, there that I might feel the thing, itself. ' - ' In speaking of the face of Lincoln, Walt Whitman once wrote: "None of the artists or pictures has caught the deep, tho subtle and indirect expression of this man's face. THERE IS SOMETHING ELSE THERE!" And so it is back of the form of every noble face there is something else that one immediately grasps but is unable to see or describe that something of the SOUL of the man. Even the picture of a face is wonderful. I see the face of my Motherand I immediately think of all the extending love of her life. I love to study faces it is a more absorbing study than history, more thrilling than any book of fiction, more instructive than written biography. Faces are made day by day. And as the days accumulate into the years, doas your Face Value become apparent.

member State or States to accept the obligations of membership in the League for the purpose of the dispute. Simultaneously the Council will inquire into the merits of the controversy and make its recommendation. If any non-member State should decline the invitation so extended, and should resort to war in violation of the course outlined in XII, supra, such non-member brings itself within the penalties prescribed in XVI, supra i. e., its conduct is deemed an act of war against each member of the League. ARTICLE XVIII. Supervision of Traffic in Arms. The League is to supervise the traffic in arms and munitions with such countries as to which such course is

deemed "necessary in the common interest." . ARTICLE XIX. Mandatories. The principle is recognized that the well-being and development of "colonies and terirtories" not yet capable of self-government, which as a consequence of the war have been detached from former sovereignties, constitute a ."sacred trust of civilization," securities for" the performances of which should be embodied in the constitution of the League. -Preference is expressed for the employment of "advanced nations" as mandatories of the League for the purposes described, the mandatories, in some cases, to be

ELEVATING THE DRAMMER If the conductorette is busy with a

pad and pencil and fails to stop her car when you want to get off, treat her gently. She is writing a play. If tha barkeep stands with his back to

you for twenty minutes when you are in a hurry to catch a train, do not disturb his muse. He would like to have you think he is adding up the day's takings, but he isn't. He is busy on the second act of his play. The teamsters are writing plays while waiting at corners for traffic signals, and the barbers are jotting down ideas on the shaving paper between strokes of their razors. The other day, when a street car ran off the track and down an embankment, fifteen amateur playwrights got their manuscripts all mixed up, and the public is going to have some trouble in getting the run of the plots. These plays will probably be called "revues," which start nowhere and end

three miles further down the road. Between the writing of plays, and even during the writing of them, people follow many professions and trades. So long as he is writing a play, the average man doesn't care what he does on the side to make a living. There is even one man who drives a hearse in the afternoon and writes on his play mornings and evenings. Whenever a person can't find anything else to do, he takes off his coat, tightens up his belt and says: "Well, I guess I'll write a play." An average of 385 authors are writing plays on the same subject. The nexf 385 are at the same time writing plays on another subject, the two subjects being different in tha In one of them the husband fools the wife and in the other the wife fools the husband. Out of a possible 2.946,465 plays written every year 87,465 of them are read by producers, 465 are accepted for production, 65 are produced and five last more than two weeks. But it's a great game, and just as profitable as gadding the streets.

Secretary Baker says the thing for everybody to do is to go to work. And he should have added that everybody should work after they get there.

A CLERICAL ERROR It chanced like this: Attorney Small. Touching the estate of Mary Cryder, Dictated thus: "And In the fall She put her apples down in cider." Which, when his youthful typist heard. Although her eyes grew wide and wider. She wrote it down without a vord; "She put her applp.3 down Insula her." Walter Puiitzci.