Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 44, Number 55, 14 January 1919 — Page 1

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VOL. XLIV.,

m gg Palladium unrt Bun-Telsram XNU. Oi consolidated 10I.

RICHMOND, IND. TUESDAY EVENING, JAN. 14, 191i

SINGLE COPY 3 CENTS

FEDERAL DRY AMDEIEfiT RATIFIED RY LEGISLATURE House Follows Action of Sen-

. ate and Ratifies Prohibition Measure by Vote 87 to 1 1 -Twenty-fifth State. NEW BILLS INTRODUCED

'' (By Associated Press) r INDIANAPOLIS, Jan. 14. Indiana , ratified the prohibition amendment to the federal constitution today. Following the action of the state senate yesterday in approving the amendment the house today took similar action by a vote of 87 to. 11. Representative Andrew H. Sambor of East Chicaso spoke in voicing protect to pushing consideration of the Joint resolution. Wayne county's rep

resentative voted for the resolution. Indiana became the twenty-fifth state to adopt the resolution for ratification of the prohibition amendment. Adjourn at Noon. Both the. house and the senate held short sessions today. Adjournment until 10 o'clock tomorrow morning was taken at non. Few important measures were intruduced' In either house. In the house, bills in which interest centered included one which would prohibit the holding of races, games or sports of any character on Memorial Day, and another repealing the present child labor law. Senator English introduced a bill in the senate which would permit orphans of the fcoldiers and sailors of the world war to enter the state soldiers' and sailors' orphans home. He, also Introduced a bill prohibiting gyp-l tiles from camping along roadsides.

Eighty Thousand German

Helmets Will Advertise

Fifth Loan Campaign (By Associated Press) " 1 WASHINGTON, Jan. H.pEighty thousand. German helmets, captured by General Pershing's troops some new, taken from store houses behind the enemy lines, and some battered

relics of the battle fields have been ordered by Frank R. Wilson, director

of liberty loan publicity, for distriuu Uon in the fifth liberty loan campaign

The helmets will be allotted to federal

reserve district headquarters on the

basis of their respective subscription

quotas and will be used as prizes for

campaign achievements under rules to

be formulated by the, district mana

gers.

Eight Aces Summoned Home to Aid in . Founding a National Flying School

MOONEY CONGRESS OPENS IN CHICAGO

(By Associated Prn CHICAGO. Jan. 14 The National Iabor congress, called together for

'the purpose of making a formal de- , mand for a new-trial for Thomas. 'J. v Mooney and ? Warren - Billings, now ' serving life,, sentences 'for murder in connection - with . the Preparedness Day bomb explosion in San Francisco In July, 1916, opened here today. The congress was called by the In ternatlo'nal Workers Defense league and la composed - of more than 500 delegates from trade unions in various ' states. Labor organizations throughout the country, backing the fight to 4 secure a new trial for the two men it I said have raised 1100,000 as a defense fund. E. D. Nolan, of San Francisco, secretary-treasurer of the defense league called the conference to order and Introduced John Fltzpatrick, president of the Chicago Federation of Labor, as the temporary chairman. W. Bourke ('ochran. of New York and Frnak P. Walsh, of Kansas City, were scheduled to make addresses. .

NAVAL RECRUITS TO MAN GERMAN

MERCHANT SHIPS

Demobilization Plans Held in Abeyance Until Troops Are Returned. (By Associated Tress) WASHINGTON. Jan. 14. Naval demobilization plans are in abeyance and recruiting for the permanent service is being pressed now so that the navy may be prepared to man big German merchant ships which the allied war council is considering allotting to aid In the task of bringing the American army boys home from France. Secretary Daniels raid today he had been in communication on the subject with Admiral Benson at Paris, and was confident lhat necessary personeile could be supplied for the enemy crafts. In looking over the list of ships in German harbor it has been found that the larger German liners furnish a transport capacity of 0,000 men a

month. In connection with recruiting, Mr. Daniels said it was anticipated that many young men now in the service and eager to be discharged, after a short period at home would again feel the call of the sea and reenlist.

. ;

Capt.

CHARGE SUPPRESSION

OF SINN FEINERS

(Bv Atsoclated Prest LONDON. Jan. 14. The intention to forcibly suppress the Sinn Fein organization is attributed to the British government in certain quarters In Ireland, according to a Dublin dispatch to the Mail. Moderates there, the correspondent says, are speculating as to what developments may be expected from a meeting of the council, which the governor general called Monday night at Dublin Castle. The correspondent adds: "Sober minded, responsible men take a very gloomy view of the situation. It is feared that the government Is about to embark on a new campaien of repression, which mav include the forcible suppression of the Sinn Fein, with such results as are to be expected when the government takes up armed conflict with seventyfive per cent of the population." The writer attributes this fear to the Tory successes in the recent elections In England, which, he says, are regarded ns giving the "coerclonists" s predominating influence in the state svl have created the belief that Ulster will be supreme in determining British treatment of Irish affairs. Vis

count French, governor general. Is also

credited with the intention to exercise his authority in accordance with military rather ihan political considerations. Peace Representation According to Interest

(Bv Asocted Fr9) PARIS. Monday. Jan. 13. Concernin the representation of each country nt the peace congress, the Times says that the first idea was to make the number of plenipotentiaries proportionate to the importance of the role plaved bv each cf the great powers. It now appears that this method has been abandoned and that the conference is inclined to adopt as a criterion the importance of the Interest held by each allied or associated power in the regulation of peace. It is not vet certain that the Brit-

Sh dominions will nave oeiegaies

ther tnan inose irom cugnuu, i

as at first ar.nouncea inai we uonions. considering themselves real tions. desired to have representa-

--,?s distinct frcm ' those oi ureal taia.

LUXEMBOURG REVOLT LASTED SIX HOURS

LONDON. Jan. 14 TlMwpublj.f

Luxembourg, which was proclaimed on Thursday .by the committee on public health lasted only six hours, accord-

ine to a report to the express rrom

Brussels, which adds that French mill- j

tary authorities restored order in the grand duchy. GENEVA. Jan. 14 Details of a proclamation in Luxembourg which have reached here say that revolutionists forced an entrance into the castle of

Grand Duchess Marie on Friday and demanded her abdication. The grand duchess refused on the ground that the parliament had not made such a request. She was given 24 hours to leave her capital and was told that she -would be permitted to take only her personal effects. She consented to go to her chateau outside of the city. In the meantime, the parliament held a disorderly meeting. Grand Duchess Marie has a minority following, it is said, Jbeing mainly clericals. As a protest, they left the parliament building in a body. It is stated that feeling against the grand duchess is due to the fact that she re

ceived former Emperor , William, the crown prince and other " German officers and also permitted her sister to

become engaged to Crown Prince itupprecht of Bavaria. . It is said the nonnto desire to be indescendent of

German control. Reports

Eddie Rickenbacker, left;

Ryan, center.

Proving that there is more than mere discussion of the project to build a national Hying school to rank with West Point and Annapolis comets a report from inner military circles in Washington to the effect that eight leading American aces have been summoned homo to aid in founding such an institution. - Speaking recently at the annual dinner of the Manufacturers' Aid-craft Association, John D. Ryan, until recently director of aircraft production, said the government should build such a flying school. -f . , That plans hav been tinder discussion in Washington for some time and an actual start made toward the

school is indfettejct Iri tb&Jaier por.L

Washington authorities are silent on

the actual plans. Those . who admit such- a project is. being considered say it is as yet only in embryo. Other

observers point out that the government ' must have reached the point

where actual specifications are reach

ed if the men have been called home

For Peace Time Flying Also. They believe the United States will

push the plan to realization quickly, being the first government to found such a permanent institution on an equality with its army and navy colleges. . While the school would be one of military flying, it is said, yet the

Lieut. Col. William Thaw, right; John D.

needs of peace time flying and com

mercial aviation will have a prominent place in its program. The school also would have a department for the study of the mechanics of airplanes, aerial engines and other equipment of the aviator. Major Charles J. Biddle. Philadelphia lawyer and clubman, is one of

the eight leading aces who have been ordered home to confer on the subject. ; Other Aces Concerned. In addition to Major Biddle three of the others named were Lieut -Col. William Thaw of Pittsburg, the marvel of the - Lafayette flying squadron ; Capt Eddie Rickenbacker, former famous motor car racer, and the most daring of American pilots, and Capt.. Edward Major-Biddle Is at home, ant-so-re Thaw and Tobln, Capt., Rickenbacker was with the forces in Germany, but it is understood he has received orders and is on his way to America. Major Biddle is- the: Philadalphia flier longest In service and a man with

a record or naving oniciany orougm down seven German planes. He served first with the French section and later was transferred to the American forces. He is a Princetonian, one of the legal force of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company and son of Charles Biddle of Andalusia, prominent lawyer, clubman and society leader

LIEBKHECHT REPORTED TO HAVE ESCAPED ; FR0R.1 BERLIN Spartacan Leaders . Fleeing . Country, Says Report Eichhorn, Chief of Police on Way to Denmark. REVOLT IS DYING DOWN

By Associated Press) COPENHAGEN, Jan. 14. Dr. Karl

Liebknecht, the Spartacan leader, is

reported to have fled from Berlin to

Leipsic, according to advices reeeivea here. Chief of Police Eichhorn. ac

cording to the Vorwaerts or Berlin,

has fled to Denmark, using a passport

obtained from the Danish legation

some days ago. A large mass of documents have been seized at Elchhorn's residence. . The government at Berlin has Issued warrants for the arrest of Dr. Liebknecht, Rosa Luxenbourg and Eichhorn. The war minister is quoted as saying that loyal troops have begun a search for arms with a view to disarming the population of Berlia Order Restored. Order has been completely restored in cities outside of Berlin where the Spartacan has established themselves, according to reports received here today. Spandau, which has been placed under martial law, is quiet. Fiftyfive Bolshevists have been arrested,

one of their leaders killed and sever

al wounded.

SpaVtacan leaders at Hamburg have been arrested by military police who

had difficulty in protecting them from enraged citizens. The situation there however, is still tense. Spartacan leaders at Dresden, when arrested, admitted that they had intended to forcibly, prevent elections to the national assembly. A newspaper at .Wllhelmshaven has been surrendered by the Spartacans. The executive committee of the Soldiers and Workmen council at Alle has resigned as a protest against the Bolshevists, and . has ordered the election of a new council.

H. C. L. Second Only

1 to Horrors of war, Says Toledo Council (By Associated Press) . TOLEDO. O., Jan. 14. "Second only to horrors of war." was th comparison given the high cost of meat products and other articles of food, in city council which last night unanimously adopted a resolution asking Washington to conduct, an Investigation In Toledo. - ' ' . Artifical profits and control of trade to the detriment of Toledo citizens also are charged In the resolution, copies of which were sent to President Wilson. Attorney General Gregory. Senators Pomerene and Harding and Congressman Sherwood. J. . Prosecution of parties responsible for " maintenance of abnormal prices for necessary commodities is asked in the resolution. The United States attorney of this district Is asked to give the complaint Immediate attention.

LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO COME FIRST AT MEETING

PLANS

WILSON

SPEAKING TOUR OVER COUNTRY Would Inform U. S. Himself of Proceedings at Peace Conference in Paris.

Russia May be Represented at First Formal Session of

Peace " Conference to Held Wednesday.

be

CONDITIONS GOOD

ON I1U$S FRONT

i-

I'CONAHA MADE CHAIRMAN

SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE

INDIANAPOLIS. Jan. 14. Wayne county's representatives in the house or representatives received the following committee appointments from

received Speaker Eschbach

, j i .i,o ; la r,nt nrnhnhlo ' nuamj uu

litre ur. loir inai ,i. "J w ... i

the committee of public

pYnpnditiires. federal relations, cor-

that Grand Duchess Marie w.ll return , ;";n,"

at once to the city of Luxembourg. I

Lafuze on the committees of organ

ization of courts, state medicine, state soldiers home, roads, benevolent and

Wuertemherg Electionzt fTamed chairman of

Socialists Defeated in

BERNE. Jan. 14 In the Wuertemberg elections the Socialists have been tlefeated by the civil parties, the latter electing 94 members of the National Assembly, while the Socialists elected 56. Of the latter, four are independent Socialists.

J u go-Slav Republic to Mobilize Army PARIS. Jan. 14 The Jugo-Slav republic will soon mobilize its army, according to a dispatch here from Fiume.

THE WEATHER

For Indiana, by the United States Weather Bureau Partly cloudy tonight and Wednesday. Colder tonight

Today'a Temperature.

Noon

Yesterday.

Maximum Minimum

IS

For Wayne County, by W. E. Moore Mostly cloudy and colder tonight. Wednesday partly cloudy. General Conditions Temperatures are moderate throughout the central states and no cold weather of any consequence is over any portion of the United States, although it is conFiderably below freezing in the west. The temperature will fall below freezing here tonight. Weather is mostly fair in the west. The light rains this morning over the central states and lake region were due to the Pacific coast storm which has crossed the Rockies and is now passing down the St. lawrence valley.

the committee on natural resources. Land Good Committee. In the senate. Walter McConaba

was appointed chairman of the finance !

committee, a position ne neia two years ago. The appointment of McConaha by Lieutenant Governor Bush smashed a precedent, as the chairman of the legislative visitation committee usually lands this position. Lieutenant Governor Bush said he was not consulted when Senator Munton was placed as chairman of the legislative visitation committee. Governor Goodrich strongly urged the appointment of Senator Manton, but Lieutenant Governor Bush gave him the chairmanships of the committee on prisons and manufactures. Pleased Wayne County. Senator McConahas appointment will be gratifying to the residents of

Wavne county where he is tavoraoiy

The Lieutenant Governor Said that be desired to be relieved of the embarrassment in which he had been placed regarding , the committees; He said also that he desired to be relieved of the pressure from various sources to

! obtain appointments. He declared em

phatically that he proposed to conduct the senate independently; that he would not be intimidated, and that threats would fall from him '"like rain from a duck's back." The Lieutenant Governor told of a meeting held by the Republican mem(Continued on Page Ten)

By Associated Press) . PARIS. Monday. Jan. 13. President Wilson Is considering a speaking tour of the United States when he return home. It is said that this trip will be taking him into many of the principal cities and it is possible that he may. touch the Pacific, coast. His plans are not as yet matured but it Is believed that he has discussed the

All have been disarmed, plan with his advisers.

w un congress oui. oi iue cn in March Mr. Wilson -would have

an opportunity for such a tour before returning to Europe, should he follow his original plan and if his return should be necessary. He would also have time for his proposed trip before the convening of an extraordinary session of congress, should he decide to call one. So far as known, Mr. Wilson has no plans for an extra session, but he still holds to his Idea of returning to the peace conference. If it is felt his presence is necessary to the success of the league of nations. . Encourage Support. The object of his proposed speaking tour Would be to Inform the country by personal contact, of the proceedings at Paris and at the same time aminfV nut and encourage nubile senti

ment', in support- of the peace, print:!-

pies he has enunciated ana wmcn ne feels uve been - acclaimed by the masses in Europe.' " There ilafe as - yet no official an

nouncements of the president's pur-

nose bat some of those close to mm

suggest such a trip Is feasible In view of-the fact' that It is now certain that

the neace congress will still be.worX-

ing onuts problems during the sum

mer. Mr. Wilson's mends Deiieve mat nonulaf ' exoressions in the United

States- might support those of Eng

land. France and Italy and have great

influence on European statesmen.

The president has told his friends that he considers the reception given him by the people of Europe, not as a personal endorsement but an approval of his peace principles. He is being ursred. therefore, to make a speaking

tour to give opportunity for popular

manifestations of public opinion in nis

own country.

.--"CBtr AMoclatert" Pfrtil

WASHINGTON. Jan. 14 Col. George E. Stewart, commanding the American troops in the Archangel sector of Russia, in a message received at the war department today, under date of Jan. 11. reported that he had made a personal tour of the wide front over

which the Americans are scattered, and found the general health, discipline and morale of the men excellent and their clothing and equipment ample. Total deaths from all causes among the force, which number about 8,000 were given as. 6 officers and 121 enlisted men.

Ford and Newberry to Appear Before Senate

WASHINGTON. Jan. 14 Taking up Henry Ford's contest of the election of Truman H. Newberry, republican, to the senate from Michigan, the senate elections committee today decided to Invite both parties to appear personally or by counsel Friday. Members of the committee said they desired an explanation from both sides regarding the contest particularly with reference to the preservation

of the ballots, before proceeding fur

HOHENZOLLERfl IS

GROWING BEARD

DELAY IN PASSAGE , OF RELIEF BILL

(By Associated Press) WASHINGTON. Jan. 14. Several days delay in the senate is in prospect for the 100 milion dollar European relief appropriation measure passed yesterday by overwhelming votes of the house after the reading of President Wilson's urgent request for prompt action and warning that Bolshevism could be checked only by the food. The house measure was transmitted to the senate today and referred to the appropriations committee of which

Majority Leader Martin is chairman.

fBr Associated Press)

AMERONGEN, Jan. 14. William

Hohenzollern, the former German em-

namr i erowinK a beard to protect

ther with Mr. Ford's petition for a re-; nifl ear wniCj, was recently operated

nnnn. The former emperors iaciai

count. The invitation to the candi

dates was on motion of Senator Reed

of Missouri, democrat.

Spanish Influenza Takes Many in Mexico City MEXICO CITY. Jan 14. Ravages or Spanish influenza among the poor charcoal burners who live in the mountains surrounding the capital are said to be responsible for the unprecedented price which that commodity is bringing. In the last month charcoal, which is generally used for cooking purposes, has increased about 300 per cent In cost. The municipality has made arrangements to buy this product in quantities and retai'. it at reduced figures. One paper in the capital states that almost 90 per cent of the Indians who supplied Mexico City with the fuel were victims of the scourge.

Wilson to Be Guest

of French Senate

annearance. tnererore, is unaereoins

a radical change Herr Hohenzollern's affected ear is badly influenced by the

climate here.

The former emperor's beard is iron

gray in color and while it is still quite short, it makes . Herr Tlnhenzollern look considerably older. The distinguished fugitive shows improvement in health and is able to continue his walks in the garden of the chateau where he is Hying. While strolling, he wears a great fur cloak.

Forces of Bolsheviki Converge on Warsaw

ARMISTICE EXTENSION

-! (By Associated Tress) . PARIS, . Jan. . 14. Russia may be represented, together'wlth all the nations that were engaged in the war against Germany, at the first formal meeting of . the peace conference. Whether Russia will have present at that1 time a delegation of prominent

Russians, irrespective of party, or other spokesmen, if any, probably will be decided at the next meeting preliminary to the congress. This will be held tomorrow because of the opening of the session of the French parliament today. All the delegations with the exception of the French, which will be occupied with parliamentary affairs, will employ their time in preparations for Wednesday's meeting. President Wilson planned to engage in a series of Informal conferences with British and French representatives. The first question to come up before the actual peace conference will be that of the proposed league of nations and it was made know today that It had been planned for the confer

ees to devote twelve hours daily to this work if necessary, until it is on the way to completion. There is some

reason for 'believing that the first plans for the structure of a league -of nations to be. laid before the conference probably, will be somewhat composite, representatives of a concensus.: of opinion on the part of the Ameri

can, British and French statesmen who have been, discussing the - sub

ject. It will not purport to be a fin

ishedproduct, but is intended to serve as a starting point for development.

I Foch Meets Delegates. Marshal Foch, the allied comman

der-in-chief, 1b today on the way to his

headquarters at Treves to meet the Gerqian delegates and lay down terms

for the eitention of the armistice. There was some disposition during

yesterday's conferences -to make the;

terms of the extension-more art

tha4 .had at first been proposed,-hue,

this' was not carried out. The extension, however, provides

for the turning over of the German

commercial fleet to transport troops,

in exchange for food; for the restitution of material taken from France and

Belgium and for full compliance with the terms of the original armistice. A start has been made on the ma

chinery . through which the American

republic will learn of the doings of the peace conference. Hitherto the French and the British press had access to much more information than the press ' representatives from the United States. The British and French had also been issuing their own official communiques regarding the meeting. It now has been decided to issue a joint communique, prepared by a committee representing all the nations, this to be the sole official outgiving. President Wilson has also decided to communicate with the representatives of the American newspapers, of which there are more than 100 in Paris, through the medium of a publicity agent.- Ray Stannard Baker, a former magazine writer, has been selected as the agent. Baker to Give News. The plan as announced today Is for President Wilson or some member of the American mission to communicate to Mr. Baker such details of the proceedings as were not embraced in the communiques and which the president desires to make public. Mr. Bak

er conveying the information to the correspondents. The . correspondents will not have original contact with the source of information. The faction in Luxembourg which proclaimed the establishment of a republic there has decided to send an official delegation to Paris, according to the Journal Des Debats. The newspaper adds that the movement favorable to the annexation of Luxembourg to France is growing stronger and that the delegation, to be sent here will be entrusted with a proposal along that line to the French government.

known as a business man and agricul-; It was said no further action was planturjSl ned until additional information reBesides receivins the appointment j garding proposed disposition of the of chairman of thefinance committee, fund was received. A request for this Senator McConaha drew places on the ' information has been cabled by Senfollowing committees: Constitutional ; ator Martin to Secretary Lansing at revision, rivers and waters, railroads, j Paris. , and legislative apportionment. I His appointment gives Wayne coun- j Pf ggfj fyf erian ChUTch HcS

t- rDnrAcentfltinn nn

1 v t . n.-- v. - ,

important committees oi me senate. The committees to which Representative Knapp and Joint Representative Lafuze were appointed in the house rank among the most important in the lower branch of the general assembly. Wayne County Favored. Wayne county has received excellent committee appointments in the senate and house, well informed observers of the legislature assert. The Indianapolis Star has the following to say about Lieutenant Governor Bush's stand: The announcement cf the commit-

i tees was awaited with keen interest.

Million Dollar Budget

Pv A9nrlat1 Prl ' NEW YORK, Jan. 14. The Presbyterian church in the United States has provided in its 1919 budget for a fund of a million dollars to increase the salaries of those among its 6,500 pastors who are not considered ade-

quateJy paid., This was announced to

day by the national headquarters of the ."New Era" movement Of the church organization to raise 38 million dollars in 1919 for local church expenses, benevolences, and other activities. ' -

PARIS, Jan. 14 President Wilson will be the guest of honor at a, ban

quet to be given by the French senate, January 20.

Chicago Cheers Return of Black Hawk Division CHICAGO. Jan. 14. Chicago yesterday cheered four train loads of the Black Hawk division, largely Chicago troops. ' A short parade, lots of food and dancing and no speeches, was the program. " ARKANSAS RATIFIES

LITTLE ROCK. Ark., Jan. 14 By a vote of 32 to 0. the senate of the Arkansas ' legislature today adopted the resolution ratifying the federal prohibition amendment. The . amendment passed the bouse yesterday. Arkansas is the 26th state to ratify the amend-

At

(Bv Associated Press WARSAW. Sunday. Jan. 13. Bolshevik forces are converging in Warsaw over the lines of railroad. They are advancing from Vilna and have nassed Zudarce and Orani. Southwest

of Lida they have reached Mosty. j

which Is situated on the eastern bank of the Nieman river. Other columns j are reported nearing . Brest-Litovsk. ; The German evacuation of Bialystock is holding up the Bolshevist advance j in that region. The number of the enemy Is unknown, the Poles not having sent aviators as yet to investigate. It is estimated, however, that the Bolshevists have thirty thousand men. It is feared that Warsaw is In danger of meeting the fate of Vilna. The Poles have a certain number of soldiers in Posen

J which may be thrown against the Bol

shevists. , There will be little cause for alarm under possibly three weeks but the advance of the Bolshevists has influenped sympathetic elements here. Reports of Spartacan successes in Berlin had an immediate effect in Warsaw. A Todz manufacturer who has arrived here . after being driven from the city from the demands of workmen, said:

"The alllese must understand that

U. S. CRUISER LANDS WIT!; THOUSAND MEN

(By Associated Press) NEW YORK, Jan. 14 The United States cruiser Huntington arrived here today from Brest with 44 officers and 1.T00 men from the American expeditionary forces. The troops included the headquarters company of

the 39th coast . artillery brigade and the 57th coast artillery regiment complete. Eight men of the navy personnel also were passengers. Vienna Expelh Band of Russian Bolsheviks , (Br Aiioctttefl Prn ' GENEVA. Jan. 14. Vienna expelled a large ban dof Russian Bolshevists cn Sunday following the example of the , French and Swiss authorities. Twenty of these sent out of the city were spreading propaganda while beins engaged ostensibly as Red Cross

workers. A number of Austrian offl-

Rnl.hoTlsm Is a disease the same as cers ana men iron uaiacia. wao are

influenza and westward."

l umesac bkiuc i - - - . . . . - that it is spreading I said to have been imbued with Bol- .... t sbevlst ideas bv i rrfi.