Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 44, Number 42, 30 December 1918 — Page 1

VOL. XLIV., NO. 42 Z"nw-Telrm

CAMPAIGNS OF VICTORY YEAR ARE REVIEWED WONNDS Day When Germany Declared U-Boat Blockade Against U. S. Spelled Her Defeat, He Says. WAR WON AT MARNE By FRANKLIN SIMONDS. roprrlht, IBIS. McClare Newspaper Syndicate.) Each year, since the opening of the war, I have, at the close of the seaRon, reviewed the military operation of the campaign. To complete the aeries. I shall now maxe a brief survey of the final campaign which won the ttrugglo and thus close the military articles which I have been writing during the world war. The campaign of 1918 opened op March 21, when the Germans attacked the British front between the 0'j and Senrpe Valley and won the greatest victory of the whole war on tbs western front, up to that hour. At the outset of the operations the situation from the Allied camp was confutsed and badly analyzed. To the supremo test of the four years the nation" tilled against Germany went with only Mm perceptions of the gravity of the oril or the greatness of the coming ".prmati blow. Mistake New Theory. It was appreciated in London and "aria that the Russian collapse ha -sbled Germany to concentrate her hoi military power In the west. h magnitude of this power was corftlv estimated at some two hundred visions, approximately forty mr.rc 'an tho Allies had under their hand could concentrate within three ontbs, but there was little undemanding of the new German tactics a lie reliance upon the old faith t at nes could not be broken, an inslstco upon the enduring evil of undidd command intensified by an ever owing political Interference. The French army at the outset of e struggle was In far better shane 'an the British, since Its losses end Tort lr. 1917 had been far smallehat that of ita comrades. It was In urerb condition, but unmistakably 'reary. the strain of four years was visible In the attitude of the troops, ollant In resistance, but no longer minded to Indulge In those offensive efforts which had filled the pages of tht recent years. It was also superbly commanded and Its generals were to win nfcw glory. The condition In the British army was far less promising. The terrible losses of the Somme in 1916 and of Flanders In 1917 had milked the army of Its best human material and these campaigns, splendid as they were In the expected harvest, betwen the the expected harvest, between tho British politician and British general there came an unhappy division of opinion and the British soldier had been compelled to extend his front dangerously while the British politician withheld the reserves necessary to hold the new front. Lack Co-ordination. The supreme command was exercised by a Junta, not a single general. here was lack of complete co-ordination between the French and British armies, as result, not growing out of lack of loyalty or mutual desire to support, but an inevitable consequence of the divided system of command. The German was conscious of hla opportunity and had found In Ludendorff a leader calculated to get the greatest possible advantage out of the peculiar German methods and system. Ludendorff made the basis of his strategy the fact that from the Argonne to Ypres the Germans occupied the Interior of a semi circle and could thus strike with equal ease at any point, from a common centre, while, once the German blow fell, the enemy would be obliged to move his reserves to the Imperilled point around the circumference. In addition the Germans prepared attacks not at one but several points, thus persuading both the French and British that the main blow would fall against themselves and constraining them to concentrate their resources on their own fronts. Ludendorff's Theory. Possessing superior numbers, the central position and the initiative, l udendorff had also the superlative advantage of a new tactic, a new system of attack, resting upon the lesHons of the C'ambral battle of the preceding autumn, when the element of surprise had been restored and combining with this the secret concentration devised by Hutier In his Rjga campaign. By this method troops were brought to the battle front by night marches, then enemy totally deceived as to the moment when the blow would fall and thereafter mass attack achieved Its end. The attack of March 21 had two clear objectives. Selecting the point In the front where British and French armies met and where the Rctual line was thinnest. Ludendorff sought to drive a wedge between the two armies, rcll'ng the British back upon and beyond Amiens and thus out of touch with the French and with their own main base at Havre, he sought also to open the Oise route to Paris and to push southward until his heavy artil'.ery could pound Paris into ruins or surrender. This was a great program, but for its realization Ludendorff had concentrated the ultimate resources of Germany and he was to miss success Vy the narrowest margin. The Fateful Day. On March 21 the blow fell. On a front of thirty miles forty German divisions fell upon fourteen British, after a brief artillery preparation unex(Contlnued On Page Five.

Woman Chemist Gives Life Save Fighting Men (By Associated Press) NEW YORK, Dec. 30. Miss Tula Lake Harkey, mentioned In today's army casualty list as having died of disease in England, was a state health department bacteriologist at Albany, when she enlisted. While In charge of the chemistry department of an American base hospital near Plymouth, Eng. she engaged in research work and fell victim to spinal meningitis germs. Miss Harkey was 44 years old and a graduate of the University of Colorado and Columbia university. She was born In Woodstock, Ala.

STORMY DEBATE IN FRANCE OVER NATIONS LEAGUE France to Support England in Freedom of Seas Question, Says Premier. (By Associated Press.) PARIS, Dec, 30 In addressing the chamber of deputies last night Premier Clemenceau made it plain that it was his intention to support Great Britain in the peace negotiation on the question of the freedom of the seas and he declared that his attitude in this matter was approved by President Wilson. Premier Clemenceau was given a vote of confidence. 380 to 134, in the chamber of deputies yesterday after a stormy debate during which the war aims of France were outlined by Stephen Pichon, foreign minister and the premier had indicated his adherence to "the old system of alliances called 'the balance of power'." It was indicated by the premier that the formation of a league of nations might be carried out coincidentally with the drafting of the treaty of peace. M. Renaudel, socialist, brought about this statement by expressing his regret that the allies had decided not to organize the league until after peace had been declared. ' "Nothing of the sort," was the answer of M. Clemenceau. "Whether this chamber gives me a vote of confidence or not, I am ready to resign office," he continued. "If you have a minute's hesitation, now is the time to change your pilot. You cannot do It when we are under way." Situation Difficult. Replying to charges made by Albert Thomas, Socialist leader, that he had kept the chamber without information. Premier Clemenceau said : "The question of peace is terrible. It is a question which is one of the most difficult ever submitted. to the nation at any time. In a few days a conference of delegates will meet at Paris which will settle the fate of nations in all parts of the world. "People say 'Premier Lloyd George has spoken, President Wilson has spoken, but you have said nothing.' I have given explanations whenever you have asked me. But it Is not because Mr. Lloyd George has spoken, or because Mr. Wilson has arrived from America with elevated thoughts that I am obliged to express myself and keep running to the speaker's rostrum. "France was in an especially difficult situation. It was the country nearest Germany. America was far away and took her time to come into the war. England came at once at the call of Mr. Asquith. We suffered and fought; our men were mowed down and our towns and villages were destroyed. Approves Alliance. "There is an old system of alliances called the 'balance of power.' It seems to be condemned nowadays, but if such a balance had preceded the war; If England, the United States, France and Italy had agreed, say, that whoever attacked one of them attacked the whole world, the war would not have occurred. This system of alliances, which I do not renounce, will be my guiding thought at the peace conference if your confidence sends me there. "I have been reproached with deceiving President Wilson. I do not understand why. I have made It a rule not to question him. but to let him develop his views. That is what he did. President Wilson, to whom certain persons, in the interest of their parties, attribute intentions snq 'sjq jou ojb 'sduqjad 'qorq opened his mind and has inspired respect through his simple speech and the nobility of it. "President Wilson said to me: 'I will try to convince you, but perhaps you will convince me'." Potter Promoted to Assistant Engineer C. V. Potter of Cincinnati, ha? been transferred to Richmond to act as assistant division engineer of the Pennsylvania railroad. Mr. Potter was formerly in the corps department of the Pennsylvania In Richmond. For a number of years he has been at the offices in Cincinnati. The Weather For Indiana the by United States Weather Bureau Rain In south, rain or snow in north portion tonight. Tuesday snow in north, rain turntns to snow in south portion. Colder. Today'a Temperature. Noon 43 Yesterday. Maximum '. 10 Minimum 19 For Wayne County by W. E. Moor:. Mostly cloudy and unsettled tonight and Tuesday. Rain tonight, probaMy turning to snow Tuesday. Colder Tuesday. General Condition A storm ovr.r the northwest la causing general ;T!gettled weather over the lake region and south to Ohio river. Colder iii r.oithwfst but not severe.

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RICHMOND, PADEREWSKI LEADS POLES IN ENTRANCE INTO POSEN German Council Deposed by Poles Dittman Urges Wil son Be Asked to Dictate Peace Terms. (By Associated Prest) BERLIN, Dec. 30. Formal objec tlon to a demonstrative entry of Posen by Ignace Jan Paderewski has been made by the German govern ment, according to the Tageblatt. This objection has been made on the ground that" safe conduct was granted Paderewski only for the trip from Danzig to the Polish frontier. Prussian governmental authorities have been Instructed to induce Paderewski to resume his journey to Warsaw. In discussing the riots which have occurred in Posen, the Lokal Anzelger says that immediately after an automobile bearing the American flag was attacked, a Polish guard officer emerged from the castle at Posen and proclaimed to the crowd that "the union with Poland has been accomplished." Members of the German soldiers' and workmen's council were deposed after the rioting, and the telegraph office and all public buildings were taken over by the Poles. All incoming trains have been stopped and German soldiers forced to surrender their arms and equipment. Difference in Policies. Reviewing the situation leading to his resignation last night, Wilhelm Dittmann, minister of demobilization, transport, Justice and health in the Ebert government, said today that a crisis had been impending since November 9, owing to consistent diffo'--ences as to internal and foreign policies between the two sections of the cabinet, the Socialists and Independent Socialists. He said that the matters which caused the principal trouble were pressingly economic problems, nnd questions of demobilization and military reorganization. , f Richard. Barth, who also reslgneJ as minister of social policy, was present when Herr Dittmann was talking and took a most gloomy view of the Immediate economic future of -Germany. Both the food situation ind the problem of raw production present great difficulties. He declared that he was In favor of sending a peace commission to President Wilson Immediately, with the request that Mr. Wilson dictate peace to Germany ba-d on democratic principles. Leading Independent Socialists indicated last night that their party representatives would retire from the positions they now occupy in stite and governmental departments. The central council of soldiers aid workmen of Germany has appointed Herr Noske, governor of Kiel; Herr Loebe, editor of the Breslau Volks--wacht, and Herr Wlssel, member of the reichstag, as cabinet members to replace Foreign Minister Haase, mirzter of social policy Barth and Demobilization Minister Dittman who retired Saturday night. UNEMPLOYED INCREASE COBLENZ, Dec. 30. The steadily increasing number of unemployed men in Coblenz and other towns in the occupied area is causing American officers considerable anxiety. Many of the idle men are discharged German soldiers. An official count made today by the burgomaster shows 500 laborers idle and 350 skilled workmen also without employment. Those who cannot obtain work are entitled to a dally bounty of three i marks fifty pfennigs, from the city Unemployed laborers have been offered work by the city at, four marks per day, but only a few have accepted, as the ordinary wage is six marks a day. Efforts are being made to restore discharged soldiers to their pre-war occupations, replacing. If necessary, women now holding the positions. Deports from the country Indicate there Is plenty of work there, but officials have found difficulty In Inducing laborers to leave the cities, particularly in a time of social unrest like the present. Uniform Cloth Taken. More than 200.000 yards of gray German uniform cloth has come Into the hands of the Americans from the warehouses at Coblenz and the Americans are considering the use of it. It may be practicable to dye it and release it for use. In a warehouse In CoblenzLutzel, across the Moselle river from this city, Americans have found eighty thousand pounds of shoe leather and machinery for repairing shoes. A plan is under consnderatlon to use this this repair factory for remaking shoes for the army of occupation. The machinery can be operated by the Americans and the leather is good quality showing that the Germans had everything necessary in the line of footwear. In shop windows in Coblenz, however, can be seen shoes the soles of which are made from 15 to 20 small pieces of leather. It is almost impossible to buy a pair of shoes that is soled properly. Material abandoned by the Germans Includes harness made of paper and steel breastplates worn by snipers. At Mulheim, the Germans left so many shells that the work of counting them Is barely begun, although American oldirs have been busy at the task for more than week.

IND., MONDAY EVENING,

I America s Battle Fleet is Honored by Nation

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Part of U. S. battle fleet in Hudson river, seen from Riverside drive, and Rear Admiral Gleaves on way to shore in power boat from U. S. S. Alabama during recent review. America is now having Us first glimpse of the great battle fleet which played such an important part in the war. The U. S. overseas fleet under command of Admiral Mayo recently returned from European waters and was given the greatest reception ever tendered a U. S. naval squadron when It steamed into New York harbor. Over ninety warships of various sizes and kind3 joined in the gigantic review, which was witnessed by Secretary of the Navy Daniels and other dignitaries. The overseas fleet consisted of ten dreadnaughts and a fleet of destroyers and other craft.

AMERICAN TRANSPORT STRANDED AT BISCAY LONDON, Dec. 30. The Americau transport Tenadores, which left New York for Brest on Dec. 18, was strangled qn the- rocks near the Isle d'Yeu, in the bay of Biscay, on Saturday. Advices state that those on board are being rescued. NEW YORK, Dec. 30. Isle d'Yeu. w here the American transport Ter.a dores stranded, is ten miles from the French coast and about 28 miles northwest of Les Sables d'Olonne. The island is a mass of granite and has one town. Yeu, with a population cl about 3,000. The Tenadores Is a passenger ves sel of 7,783 tons gross register, owned by the United Fruit Company ani prior to being requisitioned by the war department as a troop transport was in service between New York and Central American and Cuban ports She last arrived here December 11 with a large consignment of wounded officers and men. GERMAN AVIATOR DESCRIBES DEATH OF ROOSEVELT (By Associated Press WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY OF OCCUPATION, Saturday. Dec. 28 Christian Donhauser. the young German aviator who claims to have shot down Quentin Roosevelt, near Chambry, France, on July 144, told the correspondent today of the battle which ended fatally for the son of the former president of the United States. He ,said: "1 was one of a party of six German aviators and on July 14 sighted six i American machines east of Fere-en-iTardenois. One American, who, I learned later, was yuenua auusocu. was ahead of the rest of hi3 squadron, and off to one side. He came straight at me and I swooped down under hi3 machine. We see-sawed back and forth, peppering away and each trying to gain the advantage by climbing above each other. "Roosevelt made several loop3 and I admired his gameness. Once I thought his machine gun was jammed, but a second later he begaln again to shoot and I felt the bullets striking my plane. Then I mounted above him and swooped down to within twenty metres of him. firing all the time. Then I saw my opponent collapse and his machine began to fall." Donhauser, who is a non-commissioned officer and speaks English, has relatives living in Michigan. He was credited with thirty aerial victories in the fighting after Ju!y 1, when he entered the German air service. Burleson Came Close to Breaking Faith, Says Senator By' Associate?! Press WASHINGTON, Dec. 30. By taking over control ; of the cables after the armistice was signed postmaster general Burleson came "very close to breaking faith with congress," Senator Hitchcock of Nebraska, chairman of the senate foreign relations committee, declared In the senate today In commenting on a letter received from the postmaster general explaining his action.

DEC. 30, 1918.

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CAPTAIN HARRIS, G. A. R. VETERAN, GALLED BY DEATH Capt. Lewis K. Harris, 80 years old, Civil war veteran, and for many years a resident of Richmond, died Saturday night of cerebral hemorrhage. The funeral will be held Tuesday morning at 10 o'clock from the home of his son, E. H. Harris, 308 South Sixteenth street, and will be private. Friends may call at any time and are asked to omit flowers. Rev. J. J. Rae will have charge or the services. The burial will be at Ridge cemetery. Born at South Bend, Mr. Harris came to Hagerstown in his early years. He was commissioned a lieutenant in the Thirty-sixth Indiana Volunteers, and after the . battle of Shilo returned to Richmond where he helped organize a company of the Sixty-ninth Indiana Volunteers and was commissioned captain. He fought with his company at the Siege of Vicksburg. the battle of Jackson. Miss., and in other engagements, taking part in the last battle of the Civil war at Blakely, Ala. After the war he returned to Richmond. He served in the city council from 1881 to 1883 and from 1SS9 to 1894. He was a charter member of Coeur de Lion lodge, No. 8, Knights of Pythias, being master of exchequer for many years. He is survived by two sons. Ross Harris of Pittsburgh. E H. Harris of this city and one daughter. Mrs. W. W. Reller, of Richmond. He had been in failing health for many months. G. A. R. veterans will hold a service tonight for their departed comrade. TURN WAR MATERIAL OVER TO AMERICANS (By Associated Press) COBLENZ, Saturday, Dec. 28. German war material to be formally turned over to the Americans by Jan. 1 continues to arrive here and at places in this vicinity. Among the arms surrendered are 100,000 rifles, 20,000 of which were captured from the allies. The heavy artillery includes two sixinch guns manufactured in 1873, but used on the front during the latter days of the war. Both guns were in first-class condition. At Metternich, near Coblenz, American soldiers have taken charge of 75,000 fancy dress helmets intended for the use of officers of the eighth German army. These include bright steel helmets for the cavalry dark heavy ones for hussars and regulation Prussian guard helmets. The United States receiving commission, the chairman or which fs Major Lewis Landres of New York City, meets daily with a commission of five German officers to arrange the details of the transfer. Vilna Is Captured by the Bolshevist Forces Bt Associated Press LONDON, Dec. 30. Vilna has been captured by the Bolshevist forces, according to a Copenhagen dispatch to the Mail, quoting Petrograd reports.

i INDEMNITY MATTER ALREADY SETTLED (By Associated Press) Berlin, Dec. 30. The question of indemnities has been - settled betweer Germany and the United States and thti allies, and. German 'delegate:: signed the armistice on condition tlat there should be restrictions to indemnities, according to Mathlas Erzberger, speaking here today. War damages and war costs, he said, must be borne by each nation Itself unless expressly mentioned in the notes which .were exchanged, Germany beiflg obliged to indemnify districts she occupied In France and Belgium and to pay all losses inflicted upon the civilian populations. URGE DEPORTING OF ENEMY ALIENS (By Associated Press) WASHINGTON. Dec. 30. Deportation of most of the 3,000 or 4,000 enemy aliens now interned in the United States will be recommended to congress shortly by the department of justice. Special legislation will be required for the deportation and it was learned today, the department will ask also for authority to prevent the re-entry of these men into this country latr. Rnmo of the interned aliens are. rot considered dangerous now and no effort will be made to deport them. Careful investigations of the recor'c, however, convinces the department of ju&tice officials that the larger proportion of those interned should net be left in this country to foment future tiouble. The department never has announced how many enemy aliens are held in internment camps In thlr country, but the number is understood to be betwen 3,000 and 4,000. Most of them are Germans and a few arp women About half are understood to be men who were actively at one time as German agents in the United States, receiving and executing orders directly from the German governmunt or its representatives. South African Germans Want to Form Republic fBy Associated Press) LONDON, Dec. 30. It is understood that German residents of Southwest Africa have sent a petition for transmission to President' Wilson, through Viscount Buxton, governor general of the Union of South Africa, asking for permission to establish a republic In union with a republic In Germany, according to Cape Town advices. The petitioners are reported to claim that they not only constitute a majority of the white inhabitants, but interpret the views and wishes of a majority of the natives. The Times describes the petition as a "preposterous misapprehension of the Wllsonian doctrine of self-determination," while the claim that the petitioners represent a majority of the' natives is said by the newspaper to be "one of the hardiest examnlea of ! Teutonic audacity."

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rail I iiitfldiiir OF RIGHT TO BE U.S. AIM WITH EUROPE America Interested in Peace of World, President Wilson Says in Address at City of Manchester. EXPRESSES FRATERNITY (By Associated Press) MANCHESTER, Dec 30. America is not interested in European politics, but she is interested in a partnership or right between America and Europe, declared President Wilson, in receiving the freedom of the City of Manchester, at the Free Trade Hall here today.. America is not interested merely in the peace of Europe, but In the peace of the world, he added. "If the future had nothing for us but a new attempt to keep the world at the right poise by balance of power," the president added, "the United States would take no interest In it. because she will join no combination of power which is not a combination of us all." There was feeling of cordial fraternity and friendship between America and Great Britain, declared the president, which was based on the principle of friendship and patriotism that led men to give more than was demanded. The partnership of interest which had attempted the government of the world had broken down, he said, as interest did not bind men together but separated them. Common devotion to the right was the only thing, he insisted, that could bind men together. Concert of Purpose. In the settlement which is just ahead something more difficult than was ever attempted before had to be accomplished a genuine concert of mind and purpose, the president said, but a keen international consciousness would make it easy. There is a great voice of humanity abroad in the world, "which he who cannot hear is deaf," he added. "We are not obeying the mandates of parties or politics," the president continued. "We are obeying the mandates of humanity. If the world is to remain a body of friends, there must be an easy and constant method of conference bo that troubles could be taken when they were little and not allowed to grow until they were big." Manchester is the great heart of the midlands of England. President Wilson who arrived here last evening, found in this city a different atmosphere from that of London. There his time was absorbed and necessarily by formalities and official functions. Here there have been formal events, but with a more democratic air and on a more democratic scale. Here he found a hospitality which could not be warmer than that of London, but which brought him closer to the people. There is a strong civic pride in this metropolis. Its people feel that their city was signally honored in being chosen from among other English cities for the president's visit. Guest of Mayor. The lord mayor is a self-made man. His home, where Mr. and Mrs. Wilson were guests is in a section of city hall, where the mayors live during terms of office. It is a typical English home. The rest of the president's party was quartered at a near by hotel. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson sat down to an early family dinner last evening and soon afterward retired to their apartment on the fourth floor where they could rest, with nothing more disturbing than the gongs of passing tram cars. The president's days in England have involved great physical strain, which was apparent to those near him last evening. The most important feature of tojday was the presentation of the free dom of the city to Mr. Wilson, with an address by the president. What Manchester expected in the way of a speech is shown by the fact that thirty-five minutes were allotted to it. It was at first planned to hold the ceremony in the municipal chamber, which is the customary theatre for civic events, but in response to public opinion, the old Free Trade hall, which accommodates nearly 4,000 persons, was selected. Honor for City. Everyone wished to hear the chief executive of the United States; and the pressure for invitations from officials of near by cities, as well as from the people of Manchester was insistent. The members of the council foresaw that the President would be glad to address a popular, rather than a select audience such as the municl?! chamber would accommodate. If Free Trade Hall, however," had been thre ! times as large it could not have shel tered all who were anxious to secure, cdmission. . , The most notable engineering wort. in Manchester are the ship canal and docks. The first activity of the dav was an inspection of these and tie partev proceeded from the city hall in automobiles. There were eight cars in the procession, three of them belnr. occupied by city officials. Mr. Wilson was received by Captain Bacon, chairman of the directors of the ship canal, and spent an hour on board a small steamer which cruised among the docks. After his return to the c'ty, hall. Ross E. Holaday, American consul, presented Americans residing inthe city. . To Itaiy Wednesday. . , From there It was a short drive to the Free Trade hall. After the ceemonies there, the official party drove ; fcy a circuitous route to the MidlaLd hotel, where at 1 o'clock the Pre si dent was entertained at luncheon by