Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 43, Number 235, 14 August 1918 — Page 2

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM, WEDNESDAY, AUG. 14, 191S.

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Germany Tried to Bribe Newspapers in Big Cities o f World to Serve Spies Press in Every Nation Approached with Tempting Offers in Exchange for Propaganda and Information To Be Given to their Secret Agents.

SECOND

INSTALMENT.

1 i.iivilnht. 1018. by the New York Hernia Company All Bight Resr.-1 (Copyright, Canada, by the New York Herald Company.)

By Herman Bernstein.

I bf picks has been utilized by the German xovernment with amazing skill in various countries for tho advancement of tho Prussian scheme of world domination. Germany's spies throughout the world, have for many yesrs ro:clod instructions to watch the foreign newspapers closely, because they contained at times most valuable information from military and economic points of view. Tho German spies and diplomatic representatives took ndvantago cf every journalistic indiscretion und military secret that chanced to find its way into the newspapers of the countries that Germany sought to subjugate. The German government subsidized many newspapers and kept journalists on Its pay roll in order to jhftpft public opinion lu various countries in favor of German

kuitur and German enterprises. The iiewspapera and the journalists ulso were ueed by the Germun es;)ion:igo system for the purpose of sccurins needed information. Germany knew long before the war practically every military sscret of the Russian government. Some of these "secrets" were even published in certain German newspapers. Fo: instance, the Schlcssische Zcilung publifcbed. iu 1012, au extensive article about the new works on the Rcval port, which had been kept in greatest secrecy. 'Jbe German newspaper gave out the

iinirMi i ...,, -f

minutest details of all tho plans of the work, which were known to but few of the officers. German cjrpior.age had built its nest in the highest spheres of Uussian

officialdom and practically nothing re

mained secret to the German government. nulan Ire Aided Splea. Frequent! the Russian press unconsciously aided the activities of the Ger

man spies at most critical moments and

even during the war. From time to Ume

these newspapers discussed freely some

of the roost serious State secrets.

The laxity of Russian newspapers in this rejiird was criticised hy the Chinese .emt-offieinl orsan too Peking Daily

News in 1910.

"While the Japanese newspapers guard , every military ffcrct. the Russian newspapers publish freely things for which a Japnnese publisher would bo punished Terr drastically. "For a foreigner who knows Russia nothing reems stranger than the frankness with which Russian publicists analyze actualities of Russian life and the lightmindedness wth which they open the cards to tie enemies of Russia at a critical Juncture. "As roon as rumors were circulfted

MnAifi In the nossi bilitv tf a war with

China t'e Russian press in the Far East true to its traditions, hastened to publish

the facts about the position of their troops.

itn;1 ! Chinese military agents took ad

vrnfaca of stich information who could

reproa.-h t-ert for doing it?" naked the m,t. Tiewmsuer hnlf naively, half

ry.i!cnl'y. Important Xews nerenls. During 'he Russ;vJapnneso War, for inrt.-.no?. General Gsippenberg in an interview wiih the Mowv correspondent cf tho Noveye vron:y.i stated that General Kuropntkir. hid s. nt him only sixty-three battalion, holdlnj sisty b&ttnlious in reserve. TM wrs, of course, information of n weft confidential character, but it was published broadcast.

The Crrmans h.-.ve taken fnl advantage

of tlwao blunders cf the Russian press and watched closely the frank disclosures cf secrets in fortljn lnt.cn in time of peace. But moot of th important recrfts ' Germany secured Uiraus'.i the newspapers l iuialits it inJi.l!ed.-

The case of the Baltic Baron, UngcrSternberg, Is characteristic, Several years ago he was the correspondent of the official Austrian "CorrCKpondenz-Bareau" and of the newspaper Fremdenblatt, which was the official orgun of the late Count Ehrenthal. At the same time he was counected with the Austrian Embassy in Petrograd as an expert who prepared reports for the Russian press concerning Austria. When Baron Unger-Sternberg was arrested one of the note books found in his possession established the fact the Vecrerny Golos was subsidized by Germany and Austria, and that the writer

on International politics was re

ceiving from these governments substantial sums every month. Bribed Unscrupulous Press. By bribing unscrupulous newspaper publishers and writers tho German government advanced its secret diabolical am

bitions for world supremacy through foreign publications, directing their policies

while remaining hidden in the background. Among- the countries that were

absolutely dominated by Germany through

tho medium of a subsized press, Turkey

and Russia were the greatest victims.

The leading newspapers of Constantinople

were conducted on funds furnished by the German espionage system and naturally spread its poisonous influence there long before the war. During this war Germany has sought to purchase many newspapers and to bribe many newspapermen in the neutral as well as

in the allied countries, .accoraing to .the statement of Georg Er.mdes, thjs world's foremost critic, there is hardly an important writer or journalist in any of the neutral countries who has not been offered alluring rewards for expressing himself in favor of Germany,

In such instances the German agents

not only spoke of the reward to be de

rived from praising Germany, but also threatened some of the writers who were

disinclined to do it.

"I also have received such a letter," writes Brnndcs. "It read as follows:

"Germany will never forget those who

will show their friendship during these

days, oven though such friendship will

not pass the boundary of correct indiffer

ence.' "

And. indeed. Germany has succeeded in

establishing news bureaus, subsidizing

newspapers and bribing jonrna lists in neutral lands, by means of which she is circulating German falsehoods to mislead

tho nponle of other countries as well

as her own.

Fond.

, : T Z :

THE VULTURE

Kr xi fy' x: -x

jl men a. a

Germany, lecturing on Bolshevism among

the Russian prisoners of war. Mallnov-

sky la In Germany now, preparing

new Bolshevik! pupils to be sent to Rus

sia when the exchange of prisoners Is arranged. He has been particularly In

strumental in spreading among the Tjkral-

nlan soldiers the ideas of separatism.

Many of these prisoners of war were

shipped by Germany to the Ukraine dur

ing the first months of the revolution In order to cause the break between the

Ukraine and Russia.

On the witness stand Lenlne said that

he did not believe Malinovsky was a

provocateur, nor did he think the party of the Bolshevik! gained by Malinovsky's be

ing a member of the Duma, while the Secret Police Department hardly profited anything by this. Bourtseff had heard

Malinovsky refer to himself In his lecture in Paris as the standard bearer of Bolshevlkism In Russia. He also heard him bonst of the fact that he succeeded In causing a split In the ranks of the social democrats

in the Duma as well as abroad.

Bearer of Revolutionary literature.

Mme. Lenine testified that Malinovsky hart railed on Lenine in Cracow In 1913

or in the beginning of 1914 ; that he came

iih a railroad man who was to neip mm

lTito Russia a laree quantity of

revolutionary literature, and that they did

tw. into Russia a trunkful of revolution

ary pamphlets and delivered them to the

nHni democratic faction in tne num.-v.

Both Lenine and his wife admitted that

he was in Germany in one of the camps for Russian prisoners, but that they did

not know how he came there.

They stated that from letters they mt.t

received from other prisoners of war they learned that Maltnoyaky was teaching Bolshevism at the prison camp: that ho was delivering a course of lectures on the Bolshevist programme there, and that many of the soldiers had sent Lenine, as, head of the Bolshevik!, enthiislstlc re

ports concerning Malinovsky's activities in

Germany.

During tlie Investigation it be ame clear

that this secret agent of the Russian autocracy and the German jrovomment

and most intimate frier.d of Lenine win the link between the extremes of German militarism and Russian Bolshevism.

In 1912 a Bolshevist conference was held.

Thirteen persons were present Anion these three Malinovsky. Romanoff and

Brlsndirsky were aents provocateurs..

Malinovsky was elected a member of the

Central Committee.

Waa Spreading BolshevUns. A Belgian officer who escaped from a German prison camp related tht Malinovsky was at the bead of tha Bolshevist propaganda among the Russian prisoners in Germany and that hs was going from camp to camp as a propagandist for the German government. Thus does the Kaisor make use of tno Russian social democrat whom Lenine called the "the future Bebol." who waa at once provocateur and a Bolshevist leader. Despising and fearing the social Uomo crats, the Kaiser's government has contrived devices of employing some of the radical leaders for purposes of destruction to serve the ends of organized mad-ncss-and violence.

Every Hun Business Firm Spy Plant for Kaiser to Gather Military Secrets Officers of Army Masked as Members of Concerns Behind All Trade MovementsLieOrders to Keep German Government in Touch with Trend of Foreign Sentiment ;

One month before the outbreak of the war a representative of the Krupp munitions works, with which the Kaiser is connected financially, was sent to England for the purpose of ascertaining to what extent England was prepared for a war. , The agent rushed back with his report to Kiel, where the Kaiser and Admiral von TirpUz

i-ere waiting for him impatiently. German firms in foreign lands have fre

quently acted as espionage agents for the

German government. They knew that tne

Kaiser took a personal ffnrts on the part of

Radicals in Every Land Kaiser's Spies

and Tools Used to Sow Discontent

Even Hun Socialists, Admitted to England During War, Sought to Wreck Industries and Bring Back Reports on Conditions There, Betraying Faith of Their Comrades.

Tlnns Create a Secret

The German government. established in

1S91 a special fund for the purpose of

bribing foreign newspapers and foreign ioumalists to help the German foreign

nnlirv. The Foreien Office has been in

charge of this secret fund. In 1S90 Von Scheen demanded in the Reichstag that the fund be increased to meet the growing diplomatic requirements. Von Dirksen supported this request, and from his explanation it became known that the special fund was to be used not for espionage purposes, but for bribing foreign journalists. The Deputy assured the Reich

stag that if the money be usea judiciously among the foreign representatives of the press it would accomplish wonders for the Fatherland. The special secret fund was increased in 1911, and wns called "The Fund for tb Needs of German Information Abroad." The Minister of Foreign Affairs was to use the money at his discretion, accounting only confidentially to a special committee.

Then the German Foreign Office, through Its secret acents. set out to buy or subsi

dize organs of the press and to bribe

Journalist. Bribing individuals, subsidizing publications and establishing special organs of the press, the German "Black Cabinet" of the

Kaiser was in position to further his secret ambitions and to utilize the press for espionage purposes. The German agents, employing a

special secret code, frequently concealed in Innocent looking articles information which they wanted to impart to their chiefs and to their fellow workers in other parts of the country without resorting to the mails or the ' telegraph. The German iroverr-ment also organised a society of international commerce, which was to be used for espionage purposes. The poisonous tsplonsge system of Gcmany was stretchlner across Eurore and toward the United States while tho Kaiser kept praline ot peace, friendahla and 'CotC

The German government has employed many so-called radicals as spies, provocateurs or tools of the espionage system. Such "radicals" have been utilized to stir up discontent, to organize strikes, to propagate pacifism in neutral lands, to obtain information for Germany regarding the condition of the working people in allied countries and to shield Prussian militarism under a mask of radicalism. The German government used these "radicals," even though it despised and

feared them and had no confidence in their loyalty. In ISO.j the German Minister of War ordered the dismissal of all

socialists employed in the AAar Depart

ment. When August Bebel introduced an

interpellation in the Reichstag concerning this matter the Minister of War replied :

"Among the people we have dismissed

there were a number of men who would undoubtedly sell their fatherland at the first opportune moment."

But during this war the relations oe-

tween the Kaiser's government ana tn Kaiser's socialists, with the exception of the small minority group, have become more than friendly. There is practically

nothing that the militaristic government cannot influence the socialists to do for it.

German Socialists Used a Tools. "German socialists are openly working in the employ of the militaristic German sovemment, endeavoring to exert their influence in neutral countries in order to sway public opinion in favor of Germany," says Mr. Rezanov, the Russian Military Prosecutor. "Thus, for instance, ho socialist Deputy Zudekum went to Italy to induce the Italian social democrats to come to the aid of Germany and

Anothpr Denutv. Noske, Was

sent by the German government to Bel

gium to establish relations with the Belgian working people and to induce them

to resume work on the Belgian rauroais. The socialists Scheidemann and Mueller

were sent to Holland to agitate there m

favor of a new agreement between Hol

land and Germany. Dr. Zudekum, having

become a secret agent of the German government; is carrying on a campaign among the French prisoners of war irt Germany, preaching pacifism and urging social revolution upon their return to France." . During this war it became known how the German government nsed the socialists and anti-militnrists for the advancement of the imperialistic and militaris' programme of Fan-Germanism. Toward

the end of 1914 the activities of certain

Gerinn social democrats were exposed by

the secretary of one of the trade unions in England. It was established that certain German social democrats, under the cover of the international solidarity of the working people, were gathering informa

tion which the Berlin authorities wanted

badly. Thus they were acting as spies fcr

the Kaiser. Inspired Trouble In Ena-land. At the trade union congress in Manchester in 1913 several foreign delegates were invited. There were to be two representatives from Canada, two from the United States and two from Germany. But while there were two representatives from Canada and two from the United States, fifteen came from Germany. Ths German government, through the German socialists, knew every detail in connection with the labor movement in Great Britain. It also was established that a series of labor disorders in various parts of the allied countries had been instisrated with the aid of the

radical servants of the Kaiser.

The German General Staff, knowing the influence of the German social democracy upon the socialists of the world, enlisted a number of socialists in the service of Frussian militarism for the purpose of creating unrest in the ranks of the working people of the countries at war with Germany. The German government succeeded in obtaining the services of some of the Russian Bolsheviki. According to documents in the Russian Counter Intelligence Department it was known in 1915 that a number of German socialists received large sums of money

from the snecial fund of the Kaiser for

propaganda amoirg the Russian working people along lines indicated by the German General Staff. It is definitaly known that the German Ambassador in Petro

grad tad spent the sum of 8.000.000 rubles to organize the strikes during J uly,

1914.

Kalaer Knpeeted Russian Collapse When the Kaiser declared war on Russia he felt confident that Russia would immediately be swept by the flames of revolution and would thus become an easy prey, clearing the way for bis wild ambition to conquer the world. The reports of the Kaiser's socialists who had been

drawn into the espionage system led him

to believe that Russia would be incapaci

tatcd as a fighting force immediately

after the outbreak of the war

The Russian "comrades" who helped the Kaiser, writing proclamations urgint the working people to aid "our German brothers who have for some reason beer

declared our enemies." callinz upon the

people to "wage war against war," de

claring that the Russian proletariat "has no enemies on the other sids of the boundary." were repeating slogans that had

been elaborated by the heads of the Ger

man system of espionage. The Bolsheviki

were their tools.

One of the most striking instances of

close relations between the Rnssian secret police department, the Bolsheviki and the German government came to light when Vladimir Bourtseff, the famous Russian

revolutionist, who unmasked Kugene Azeff

and numerous other traitors, revealed the fact that a member of the Duma, an inti

mate friend of Nicholas Lenine, Standing high in the councils of the Bolshevist organization, was an agent provocateur in pay of the Tsar's secret police depart

ment.

Trnitor, Aid to Hons, Named. The name of the traitor is Roman Malinovsky. He was the leader of the social democrats in the Duma. He was electee" in 1912 and received euthusiastic congratu.

Jations from Lenine and his wife, anu

the social democratic organ Pravda, reviewing his activities during the last ten

years, praised nis recora warmiy ana ueclared that he would make himself felt

through Russia before long. At that time

he was drawing 500 rubles a month from

the secret police department. Malinovskv's speeches were prepared by

Lenine and Zinovyev and were revised by

Beletzky, the head of the secret police department. Then he delivered these speechs In the Duma, bitterly assailing the fovrrnmcnt. When Vladimir Bourtseff exposed him

the Central Committee of the Bolsheviki

BDDointed ths Bolshevist leaders Lenine.

Zinovyev and Ganetzky to Investigate thfl

charges aeainst Malinovsky and bring out their verdict. Lenine and his associates whitewashed Malinovsky. who had been most intimately affiliated with them for years. But afterward it was officially established that Malinovsky had entered the

service of the Russian secret police

nartment in 1310. When

In Russia, Is a brother cf Major Emit Spann, of Berlin. Those are only a few of the names of the German officers who had been placed in posts ' of Kieal responsibility before the war by the German firms In Russia. These German officers had necoss ta pract:cally all the information they needed for tho German government, reporting regularly to Berlin in tlic form of bus-nesj letters. .As a numher of thess officers had estab-

interest In such lished cloe relations with firms supplying the commercial the needs of the army and tha navy, t ey

- . . i . i .... i : wf . in TnFlMnn trt iirn mnttt thfl

firms and snowea nis appreumuuii uu 1 -

ous occasions In one of. his speeches thol""iry secret ot me ituss.an govrnKalser declared :- jment. The German government frequency

"I am protecting tne uerman rosrcnami -j- -

wherever he may be. His enemy is my

de-

the scandal

reached the members of the Duma Lenine wrote letters defending Malinovsky. saying that there was no truth in the ac.tinna aealnst him. Other Bolshevist

leaders also defended him. According to, Bourtseff. Lenine and Malinovsky under-1 took a lecture tour in Europe together. and they delivered a series of lectures In j Switzerland. Brussels and Paris. j Rnssian Traitor In Germany. j Suddenly Malinovsky disappeared. For a time no one knew his whereabouts. Then j l was learned that the Bolsheviki provoc-; ateur, one-time member of tho Duma and Intimate friend of Lenine, was In

enemy."

The Russian commercial agent In Berlin . mtthrcalr nf the W.1M

wrote JUSB ueium

rouows ;

Were Drramlrs of "Greater Germany."

'The Germans, looking upon the investment of German capital In foreign lands aa a means of extending the sphere of Germany's economic and political influence, are ready to go to extremes. Their Ideals reach far beyond the boundaries ot Germany, not only as an empire, but as a na

tional unit. They are drcamins of 'the

OrPBter Germany,' whlcii comprises aioi

Tiore than thirty million Germans li-ins outside of Germany. They speak of these Germans now as German human colonies :inder foreign governments. One of the strongest weapons employed by the German government to promote its political Interests In other countries was the German banklnjr system abroad. German banks have studied and developed the markets, have aided In everv way the export trade of the German fatherland, have seized concessions with the help of German diplomacy, have served as channels for the development of German Industries and the advancement of German ambitions in the field of diplomacy. These banks have so directed German capital as to fortifv the political interests of Germany abroad. When the German militaristic croup fler.iA non the world war the German gov

ernment prepared the war also from i a financial point of view First of all th German hanks received Jnstruct.ons In the heginninz of July. 1914. to see to it that the trentest possible amount of gold be transfer-rod to Gormanv. Just months before the war the German Ttelchshnnk sent circular letter- to th various banks Tffiliated with It to this effect.

Controlled Xlne Tlnnks In Rnssla. Xccordinir to the report of the German inancio.1 agent in Berlin at the time the lermsn banks have carried out these instructions. In Russia Germany controlled nine Important hanks. In Russia, perhaps more than In other countries, the Gc-rmnn General Ptnff utilized the representatives ot German commerce and industry for purposes of German espionaare. The branches cf the German firms that operated in behalf of the German government In France. England nnd the United States were mo:t active in Russia. The scope of their activities was wide. It has been established since the outbreak of the war that thcee German firms had planted a largo number ef German officers under various disguises in factories, shon- nnd offices. Thus at the head of a Russian electrical -ociety, which was In reality nothing else than a branch of a German firm, was a German officer, Welsleder, who was on Intimate terms with the German Ambassador In Petrograd. Count Purtalcs. Schark. the director of a Russian firm, turned out to be a German officer. Hon Ofrlrer Arllve In Rns-la. Herwager. the director of the United Cable Works, was a German officer. Dick, a publisher, was a German officer. Bonmueller snd Schauring, supervlflns the agency Kultura. were German office.

Spann, director of large munition works

ptogTammes before they were llscusea

In the secret seasons of the Duma. But espionage was only one of the alms

of German firms In Pussia. They were

Instructed to organize strikes at the most critical moment, and. a signal from the German Minister of War, cor.cerlrate all their efforts on .-rrad'ng unrest amocs the working people. Fomented Striken In Rn(. Such strikes did break OJt in Purs'a In the beginning of the war, and there is no doubt that the German representatives H Russia nlsved an imDortant rfile In fo-

aj,0jmentmg them It also was established by

tne Kucs:an autnonties tnar in cerium factories under Germun supervis'on certain chemicals were found which were used in connection with provisions f-.r tKo army an? which were injurious to the henith of he troops. . Tho German controlled factories elthtf delayed the war supplies or delire-ately spoiled such rupp'les. This is one of the characteristic Instances of how Germany had organized within Russia her factories which hindered Russia to defem. herself effectively during this war. In December, 1911, the Viksunsk factories had accepted orders from t.e Russian government for war supplier, but for many months, under various pre'.exts. the firm operating tfle factories made no deliveries of the surplles so poroly needed. An lr.vestigatlcn disclosed the fact that no efforts he.d been made at nl! to manufacture tho necessary surphes and that

the stockholders were Germans.

Three Russians were employed by the Germans merely for the purrose of disguising tho German cwnerrhip of the factories. Another Interesting fact cam ly light when the firm ef B. Ilantke. which manufactured shovcla and wire and other supplies needed for the army, suddenly closed its doors. IV n Million Ruble- DUarpear. ' According to the dcuments cf '.'je counter Intelligence department roon before tho outbreak of the war about t.r, million rubies disappeared from the offices of tho

company, and the German owners not only refused to give, any irformatlon to

tho Russian stockholders trout the mysterious disappearance of this sum of money but declared lhnt the boks of the firm also had disappeared, and only after the Ch'ef of Police of Warraw had or

dered that the names cf the stockholders

bo published were the nr-ine R ven out. The Russian stockholder htlJ a meeting, at which !t hecme knevn that the Ilantke factories v.erc wc-rxtng fr th German armies, that tl.e"r factories in Saratov and Tckaterlna;:iv, whl. h were supposed to bo busy producing wjt suppiles for the RusjUn army, were i.llc pnd that all tho superintendents cf the fctories were gettlnr; their In-tructla.is from P.erlin by war of Copeuhnpen . and that they communicated with tho Germans also by way of Perrrinuk. German espionage anl German forelm commerce worked . 1-s.nd !n hand to conquer the world bctrt economically anu politically. , Everv branch of German activity In foreign lands has Ijeen utilized by the Kainer to spread Fan-German 7aiser!sm -frcp one end of the earth to the other.

In the concluding instalment Mr. Bernstein will tell how Pan-Germanism colonized Russia and the Baltic provinces as part of its programme to spread the web of Prussian espionage over the world.

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