Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 40, Number 163, 22 June 1915 — Page 4

PAGE FOUR

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TELEGRAM, TUESDAY, JUNE 22, 1915

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM

AND SUN-TELEGRAM

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Trial by Newspapers

Former President Taft, in addressing the New York state constitutional convention, advised it to put a censorship on the public press,

so that there could no longer be a "trial by newspapers" of cases before they came before the court for trial. Mr. Taft said as matters stand now men were convicted by the public press in

advance of their tnal. It would be interesting to place this accusa

tion against the statements of the American Bar

associations and the records of criminal courts,

both of which show that less than one man out of

20 accused of any crime graver than a misde

meanor, is ever convicted. This would at least indicate that if what Taft says about newspapers prejudicing cases in advance is true, that the prejudice doesn't have any effect upon the court and the jury. " ; s But the truth is that newspapers are greater instruments; of justice than courts. It would be almost impossible , to cite a case where a prominent criminal has been apprehended, tried and convicted, iri which the newspapers have not played a more important part than the courts. Every public prosecutor who really prosecutes knows thi to be true. , .That many men who are guilty escape their just punishment is due to the fact that all the processes, of courts, all the technicalities and presumptions of the law are in favor of the accused. The only punishment -such men receive is the publication of the truth in newspapers, which is also the only protection society has from scoundrels and criminals of all kinds and degrees. Men -who prey upon society fear newspaper publicity more than they do the jury box and the judge's bench. To muzzle the press would be

their delight and immunity. Innocent men who are "convicted" by the press in advance of their

trial have their recourse. That so few such in

nocent" men ever even attempt to avail themselves of this recourse shows with what justice and impartiality newspapers "try" men. There are few appeals from the verdict of the public press ; there are always appeals from the verdicts of the courts. Sioux City Tribune.

LEADER OF ENGLISH LABOR PARTY BLAMES SIR EDWARD GRAY FOR WAR

Editor's Note This article by the leader of the English Labor party and a man conversant with the Inside of English politics has been widely scattered through the United States. Mr. MaeDonald jenounces England's part in the war. BY J. RAMSEY MacDONALD. On that fatal Sunday, the second of August, I met in Whitehall a member of the cabinet, and he told me of the messages and conversations between foreign secretaries and ambassadors which were to be published for the purpose of showing how we strove for peace and how Germany immovably went to war. "It will have a great effect on public opinion." he said, and he was right. It is called "Correspondence respecting the European fcrisis," but is generally referred to as "The White Paper." I wish to comment upon It for the purpose of explaining its significance. I It begins with a conversation between Sir Edward Grey and the German ambassador on July 20. regarding the Austrian threat to punish Servia, and finishes with the delivery of our .ultimatum to Germany on August 4.

.From it certain conclusions appear to (be Justified, the following in particular-: '1. Sir Edward Grey strove to the JaBt to prevent a European war. 2. Germany did next to nothing for ipeace, but it is not clear whether she actually encouraged Austria to pursue her Servian policy. 3. The mobilization of Russia drove Germany to war. 4. Russia and France strove, from the very beginning, both by open pressure and by wiles, to get us to commit ourselves to support them In the event of war. 5. Though Sir Edward Grey would not give them a pledge, he made the German ambassador understand that we might not keep out of the conflict. 6. During the negotiations Germany tried to meet our wishes on certain points so as to secure our neutrality. Sometimes her proposals were brusque, but no attempt was made by us to negotiate diplomatically to improve them. They were all summarily rejected by Sir Edward Grey. Finally so anxious was Germany to confine the limits of the war, the German ambassador asked Sir Edward Grey to propose his own conditions of neutrality, and Sir Edward Grey declined to discuss the matter. This fact was suppressed by Sir Edward Grey and Mr. Asquith in their speeches in Parliament. 7. When Sir Edward Grey failed to secure peace between Germany and Russia, he worked deliberately to involve us in the war, using Belgium as his chief excuse. White Paper Discrepancy. Thtt is the gist of the White Paper. It proves quite conclusively that those who were in favor of neutrality before the second of August ought to have remained in favor of it after the White Paper was published. That Sir Edward Grey should have striven for European peace and then, when he failed, that he should have striven with equal determination to embroil Great Britain, seems contradictory. But it is not. and the explanation of why it is not is the justification of those of us who for the last eight years have regarded Sir Edward Grey as a menace to the peace of Europe, and his policy as a misfortune to our country. What is the explanation? Great Britain in Europe can pursue one of two policies. It can keep on terms of general friendship with the European nations, treating with each fcenarfttelv when necessarv and co-on-

erating with all on matters of common trum irom us. i no wrman amoassainterest. To do this effectively it has'l dor saw Sir Edward Grey, according to keep its hands clean. It has tOf the White Paper, on August 1 and

make its position clear, and its sym

ments; its end is war and the smashing up of the very balance which it is designed to maintain. When war comes it is then bound fb be universal. Every nation is on one rope or another and when one slip it drags its allies with it. As a matter of practical experience the very worst form of alliance is the entente. An alliance is definite. Every one knows his responsibility under it. The entente deceives the people. When Mr. Asquith and Sir Edward Grey kept assuring the House of Commons that we had contracted no obligations by our entente with France they said what was literally true but substantially untrue. That is why stupid or dishonest statesmen prefer the entente to the alliance; it permits them to see hard facts through a veil of sentimental vagueness. Had we had a definite alliance with France and Russia the only difference would have been that we and everybody else should have known what we had let ourselves in for, and that might have averted the war. Italy could keep out of the turmoil because its membership in the alliance imposed only definite obligations upon it; we were dragged in because our entente involved us in an indefinite maze of honorable commitments. It is interesting to gather from Sir Edward Grey's speech of August 3 and the White Paper how completely the entente entangled him. There were first of all the "conversations" between French and British naval and army experts from 1906 onward. These produced plans of naval and military operations which France and we were to take jointly together. It was in accordance with these schemes that the northern coast of France were left unprotected by the French navy. When Sir Edward Grey evoked our sympathy on the ground that the French northern coasts were unprotected, he did not tell us that he had agreed that they should be unprotected and that the French fleet should be concentrated in the Mediterranean. Cabinet Kept In Ignorance. These "conversations" were carried on for about six years without the knowledge or consent of the Cabinet. The military plans were sent to St. Petersburg and a Grand Duke (so wellinformed authorities say) connected with the Germany party in Russia sent them to Berlin. Germany has known for years that there wre military arrangements between France and ourselves, and that Russia would fit her operations into these plans. We had so mixed ourselves up in the Franco-Russian alliance that Sir Edward Grey had to tell us on August 3 that though our hands were free our honor was pledged! The country had been so helplessly committed to fight for France and Russia that Sir Edward Grey had to refuse point blank every overture made by Germany to keep us out of the conflict. That is why, when reporting the negotiations to the House of Commons, he found it impossible to tell the whole truth and to put impartially what he chose to tell us. He scoffed at the German guarantee to Belgium on the ground that it only secured the "integrity" of the country, but not its Independence; when the actual documents appeared it was found that its independence was secured as well. And that is not the worst. The White Paper contains several offers which were made to us by Germany aimed at securing our neutrality. None were quite satisfactory in their form and Sir Edward Grey left the impression that these unsatisfactory proposals were all that Germany made. Later on the Prime Minister did the same. Both withheld the full

pathy ''"has to be boldly ?iven to every movement for liberty. This is a policy which requires great faith, great patience, - and great courage. Its foundations are being built by our own International, and if our Liberal Government had only followed it since 1905 it would by this time have smashed the military autocracies which have brought us into war. Suspicion Leads to War. But there is a more alluring policy ipparently easier, apparently safer, ipparently more direct, but in reality more difficult, more dangerous, and ess calculable. That is the policy of Ihe balance of power through alliance. Weak and short-sighted ministers have always resorted to this because It is the policy of the instincts rather than of the reason. It formed groups )f powers on the continent. It dividsd Europe into two great hostile :amps Germany, Austria a.nd Italy ?n the one hand; Russia, France and ourselves on the other. The progeny ot this policy is suspicion and arma-

this is our foreign minister's note of the conversation: Suggests Policy. "The Ambassador pressed me as to whether I could not formulate conditions upon which we could remain neutral. He even suggested that the integrity of France and her colonies might be guaranteed." Sir Edward Grey declined to consider neutrality on any conditions and refrained from reporting this conversation to the House. WThy? It was the most important proposal that Germany made. Had this been told us by Sir Edward Grey his speech could not have worked up a war sentiment. The hard, immovable fact is that Sir Edward Grey had so pledged the country's honor without the country's knowledge to fight for France or Russia, that he was not in a position even to discuss neutrality. That was the state of affairs on July 20 and did not arise from anything Germany did or did not do after that date. Now, the apparent contradiction that the man who had worked for European peace was at the same time

th leader of the war party in the Cabinet can be explained. Sir Edward Grey strove to undo the result of bis policy and keep Europe at peace, but, when he failed, be' found himself committed to dragging his country Into war. The justifications offered are nothing but the excuses which ministers can always produce for mistakes. Let me take the case of Belgium. It has been known for years that, in the event of a war between Russia and France on the one hand and Germany on the other, the only possible military tactics for Germany to pursue were to attack France hot foot through Belgium, and then return to meet the Russians. The plans were in our war office. They were discussed quite openly during the Agadir trouble, and were the subject of some magazine articles, particularly one by Mr. Belloc. Gladstone's View. Mr. Gladstone made it clear in 1870 that in a general conflict formal neutrality might be violated. He said in the House of Commons in August, 1870: "I am not able to subscribe to the doctrine of those who have held in this House what plain tly amounts to an assertion that the simple fact of the existence of a guarantee is binding on every party to it, irrespective altogether of the particular position in which it may find Itself at the time when the occasion for acting on the guarantee arises." Germany's guarantees to Belgium would have been accepted by Mr. Gladstone. If France had decided to

attack Germany through Belgium, Sir Edward Grey would aot have objected, but would have justified himself by Mr. Gladstone's opinions. We knew Germany's military plans. We obtained them through the usual channels of spies and secret service. We know that the road through Belgium was an essential part of them. That was our opportunity to find a "disinterested" motive apart from the obligations of the entente. It is well known that a nation will not fight except for a cause in which Idealism is mingled. The Daily MaU supplied the idealism for the South African war by telling lies about the flogging of English women and children; our government supplied the idealism for this war by telling us that the Independence of Belgium had to be vindicated by us. Before it addressed its inquiries to France and Germany upon this point, knowing the military exigencies of both countries ,it knew that France could reply suitably, whilst Germany could not do so. it was a prettly little game in hypocrisy which the magnificent valor of the Belgians will enable the government to hide up for the time being.

Such are the facts of the case. It Is a diplomatist's war, made by about

nau-a-dozen men. Up to the moment that ambassadors were withdrawn the people were at peace. They had no quarrel with each other; they bore

each other no ill will. Half-a-dozen

men brought Europe to the brink of a precipice and Europe fell over it because it could not help itself. Today Our happy industrial prospects of a fortnight ago are darkened. Suffering has come to be with us. Ruin stares many of us in the face. Little comfortable businesses are wrecked, tiny incomes have vanished.' Want is in our midst, and Death stalks with Want. And when we sit down and ask ourselves with fulness of knowledge: "Why has this evil happened?" the only answer we can give is, because Sir Edward Grey has guided our foreign policy during the past eight years. His short-sightedness and his blunders have brought all this upon us. I have been reminded of one of those sombre judgments which the prophet who lived in evil times uttered against Israel. "A wonderful and horrible thing is committed in the land: The prophets prophesy falsely, and the priests bear fule by their means, and my people love to have it so; and what will ye do in the end thereof?" Aye, what will ye do in the end thereof?

CLUB ELECTS HEADS

HAGERSTOWN, Ind., June 22. The Progressive club have re-elected officers for the next club year as follows: President, Mrs. A. R. Jones; vice president, Mrs. Anthony Hower; secretary, Mrs. Robert Thurston and treasurer. Miss Cora Castor. The program committee consisting of Mrs. John Giesler, jr., Mrs. John Hunt and Miss Carrie Allen was' Ye-appointed. The last meeting will be held Wednesday, June 30, at the home of Mrs. Monroe Sherry. A 1 o'clock luncheon will be served, the program following and each member entitled to a guest.

GIVES NOVEL DANCE

111 SPACIOUS STABLE NEAR JIOLLANSBURG CSarles Chenoweth and Henry Hoos spent Saturday in Richmond. -John Wright of near Fountain City,

visited his brother Amos Jones here Saturday. . Mrs. "Mary- Robertson and Miss Juanita Mikesell came home Friday night after several weeks stay in Tellow Springs, Ohio, with Mrs. Robert- j son's sisters, Miss Caroline Horney and Mrs. Hester Hamilton. . . . . Van White was in Richmond Saturday on business. Ora Mikesell and Clifton Pitman were in New Madison Friday night. Mr. and Mrs. Oscar McClure and family were in Richmond Saturday. - Elwood Gibbs and Roy Lants spent Saturday in Richmond. Visits' in Richmond. Elizabeth Browne was a Richmond visitor Saturday.

Garfield Armacost, Peter Rife and William Sebring were in Greenville

Saturday.

Jehu Boren of Bethel was in our

town Saturday.

Barnet Browne returned Saturday from a several weeks visit with relatives at New Paris and Campbells-

town, Ohio.

Mearl Moody, who has been a victim of pneumonia for about six weeks was

in town Saturday.

Among the New Madison visitors

Saturday were Ward Dubbs, Floyd Armacost, Herman Horn, Denver Peden. Harry Downing, Ruby Down

ing, Theodore Flatter and Fay South ard. Mr. and Mrs. George Hill of Rich

mond, spent Saturday and Sunday

here with relatives. Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Brown and fam

ily spent Sunday in New Madison and

Palestine.

John Wolf and Oscar McClure were

in Knightstown Saturday.

A dance was given by Mrs. Pearl

Irelan Saturday night in her new barn

east of town.

Mrs. Clarence Chenoweth returned

Saturday from the Reid Memorial hos

oital where she bad undergone an

operation for appendicitis.

Mr. and Mrs. Harry Chenoweth of New Paris, spent Sunday here and

at Glen Karn.

O. A. Downing and family and Mae

Horn were in Spartansburg Sunday.

Downings played with the Spartans

burg orchestra for the K. of P. and

Odd Fellow's decoration services.

Mr. and Mrs. William McClellan of

Richmond were Monday callers here.

Great piles of refus earound Scotch iron and coal mines, regarded for years as waste material, are being utilized for the manufacture of bricks.

County Deaths

DEMPSEY LUMPKINS.

HAGERSTOW N Dempsey O.

Lumpkins, aged 75, died Monday morn

ing of dropsy at his home four miles north of Hagerstown. The widow and

three daughters, Mrs. Arthur Pool of

Richmond, Miss Maud Lumpkins and Mrs. Syril Hiatt and a son Charles, by

a former marriage survive. The fu-

kneral arrangements will be made later.

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