Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 36, Number 172, 30 April 1911 — Page 16

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THE BICmiOXD PAIXADIUM AXD SUN-TELEGRAM, SUNDAY, APRIL 30, 1911

AUTOS WITH SCREW DRIVE N SUCCESS Provides Silent Machines and Efficient Engines Warren Noble Says. ADOPT THE IDEA HERE

British Firms First to Recognize Worm Drive; Popular Now.

BY WARREN NOBLE. Worm, or Hcrew gearing, is among the oldest mechanical movement! and, until recent yean, has been employed to obtain either a great mechanical advantage or a considerable reduction In speed between related machine parts. Later developments, however, saw Its Introduction as a driving ear for higher speed mechanisms and while its reputation as an effective but inefficient mechanism remained. Its users began to see greater imsslbllltles for nn than tbcy had at first expected. Worm drive for automobile purposes, i.wter, is counted by many as a new development while as a matter of fact, its use commenced with one of the earliest, If not the earliest, really sue censful automobiles built tn Great Drltain. the "Lanchester." The makers of this car developed at the inception of its manufacturer a special form of worm gear which they have ii . I .. fuft?

employed cunuuuuuaiy 1111:0 1001, nuu the mechanical success which they undoubtedly achieved with their worm gear led to the Dennis company following their example and later, another company known as the "New Engine company" adopted similar practice. These three concerns, however, constitute the dlclples of worm driving, and it was not until the ad-

vrni 01 wore aiicui vusum auu ecueral reduction in noise that the greater bulk of the English manufacturers took advantage of the properties which worm drive provides. Conjunctively, however, with the created public demand for silence they realized in a body the necessity for the abolition of noise in their transmissions and an Increased efficiency with' the result that many of them closely Investigated the merits of the worm drive and immediately adopted it for Vieir new models. Today, a very high percentage of the British cars are worm driven, both in the commercial and pleasure fields, while weekly, reports from Europe Indicate that not only -are the French and Germans following in the lead as quickly as they can accumulate the necessary experience, but that the balance of the prominent English manufacturers are about to adopt the worm drive as standard in the near future. Id America the same thing obtains the demand for commercial efficiency

by . the large manufacturers and the

undoubted merits of the worm drive

have led to broad spread experimental Investigation and it is an open secret that not only are very many of the American flrma about to announce

worm driven models In. the near fa

ture, but that certain of - the truck manufacturers are already decided converts to its use notably the Pierce

com pa ny. -

- The engineer, unacquainted with modern worm driven mechanism will Immediately bring to his mind a single

threaded worm that, as a worm In a steering gear, is irreversible, and it is posBlbly due to these chains of prece

dent more than anything else that high

efficiency worm gearing is so little

known among the engineering commu

nity. In place of the old single, dou

ble, triple, or even quadruple, thread

worms of peculiar tooth formation.

with seven, eight, to as high as fit

teen threads, or -teeth, cut on them,

with very high spiral angles and perfectly reversible. It la in the multl

plication ot the number of threads, or rather In the spiral angle employed.

that the fundamental difference be

tween the worm gearing of our grand

fathers' and the modern high effi

ciency type of the present day is con centra ted.

It is found that the efficiency rises

very rapidly through the range of an

gles until a 35 degree value is reached

and that from 35 degrees to 45 de

grees the curve of efficiency is almost flat. If the reader will inspect the ac

companying chart of calculated effl

clencles of worm gearing he will no

tice this peculiarity in the curves and

readily appreciate the principles upon which modern high efficiency worm

gearing is constructed.

Scanning these curves and selecting

that plotted with the friction co-effl

cient at a .03 value, which Is fair for

new gearing cut under modern conditions, a good general Idea of the efficiency values of modern worm gearing may. be achieved. The writer, who has very considerable experience in worm gearing In the past, finds that the' average efficiency is approximately 90 to 91 per cent, new to as high as 94.6 after continued use. This rise of efficiency on the part of worm gearing as its life proceeds is noteworthy, it la easy however, to predict the effect since every turn of a gearing propqrly mounted and suitably lubricated 'simply Increased the degree of polish of both worm and whecn surface causing them to approach more nearly the truly smooth condition demanded. Thus the efficiency rises and the , liability of wear decreases with the continued use of the gear. This

- a. n v iuvu i j wi imt 'it iiviivo wiit In pleasure automobile construction it Is no uncommon thing to find an axle that having-ran-better than 50,000 miles In hard aervice shews no signs of wear In the gears. The Importance ot thla difference between worm gearing and other forms should not be overlooked, since with bevel and spur gears the commenrr ' $f wear, is but the beginning tt- '4neVI stead of improving life,, snch gears steadily depreciate. There are two types of worm la nse, the double throated, or hourglass type, and the straight type la which

the worm wheel- alone Is throated. There Is considerable discussion at the present time as to the merits of the respective types. Advocates of the double throated type claim that the land, or bearing surface, of the worm; with the wheel is considerably higher than with the straight type and were it possible to pursue similar methods

of manufacture in both cases, there

might be ' some advantage from this quality alone. Practice, however, steps in and by vastly Increasing the

difficulties of very accurate cutting

(and at this juncture it may be well

to state that the formation of efficient worm gearing demands the ut

most accuracy) discounts the claimed advantage in the majority of cases and leaves the straight worm in the

position of equal or superior advantage

to the opposed type, since its -threads may not only be more accurately formed Initially, but may be finished and

brought to an exceedingly high state

of polish by a special grinding . process. ' ,

Delving into the manufacturing qual

ities of the two it may also be said that

the straight type is capable of more accurate production at less cost than the other type and, although certain European makers are successfully cutting and using the concave pattern Ihe advantage of greater land surface, even if obtained. Is of little value in truck gears where the diameter of. the worm gear la almost Invariably large, and In which the lands extend in any case for at least two or three teeth. In worm gearing, as indeed is the case with all other forms of tooth gearing, perfection of . manufacture has been a matter of extreme difficulty on- the part of the English engineers who have engaged in it. The success or failure of a gearing depends chiefly upon the processes employed in Its generation and the utmost ' secrecy with regard to these processes is maintained by the firms engaged in its manufacture. The silence of worm gear -is indisputable, its efficiency demonstratable. It demands less intricate mounting, involves no hardening risks, -provides and exceedingly wide range of gear ratio dependent of subsequent adjustment and is as cheap to construct as

the present bevel gear. It's efficiency under ideal conditions is at least equal to the most accurately cut and delicately adjusted . bevel gearing, while Its commercial efficiency . is infinitely higher. There is a total lack of the short period vibration invariably set up with bevel gear, with the result

that not only is the final drive silent

but the sound of the transmission devices between the final drive and the engine are themselves mitigated. The cafe for the adoption of worm gearing is complete. Already there are many of the more progressive manufacture of trucks deeply engaged In the Investigation of its merits with universally favorable results. Lending itself directly to the characteristic demands in pleasure cars there also lies before it a great field of usefulness in the truck field, and it is in this field that one must look for the proofs of its undoubted superiority over the other makes of gearing from which considerable reductions in ratio are demanded. . It is from the user of the motor car, however, that the worm drive will de

rive its fullest appreciation. "The buyer is the court of last resort," says an astute manufacturer, and designers are coming to recognize that fact more and to design with an eye single to the user's preferences. Silence Is now demanded by all .experienced automobile buyers. Motors have been brought to such a state of perfection they are now practically noiseless. The same may be said of transmission . gear. There still remains the grinding, growling of bevel drive gears in the rear axle. And that can never be wholly eliminated because the larger gear will warp - in hardening and every tooth will distort more or less. The best appliances that can be devised for erecting them only, approximate accuracy. And even if the gears are reasonably silent wben new, each succeeding day's wear adds to the noisiness until after a few months' use they get on one's nerves in a most unpleasant manner. Speaking of nerves; I wonder how many users of motor cars have ever analyzed ' the cause of that peculiar nervous feeling which follows a long ride. Perhaps you attrrblted it to fa

tigue. Not at all. . It is due to the "nervous vibration. set up : by the rapidly revolving bevel gears. The contact ov every tooth thousands per minute produces its tiny shock and the result is a constant vibration of which one is only semi-conscious, yet which seriously affects the entire nervous system. The worm drive eliminates all this it transmits the power through a sliding motion. "The worm takes the last sound out of an automobile." Ays aa English authority and that fact, together with its smoothness one might say softness of running, and its many mechanical advantages, give it first place in the choice of every buyer who has ridden in a worm driven car." -

A Revelation. ' Wife I haven't a gown fit tu wear. Husband Jove! That's the reason none of the servants will star here.

CHEVROLET AND BLASE DRIVE BUICKS

For the Model One Hundred Buicks entered in the 500-mile International race - at Indianapolis, May - 30, next. Arthur Chavrolet and Charles . Biase have been nominated as drivers.

BURMAN HOLDS NEW ' 50 MILE RECORD

Reports of the races at Jacksonville overlooked the fact that Burman in the Buick Bug broke the world's beach record for 50 miles, on March 28th, when he covered the distance in 33 minutes, 52:31 seconds. The contest board of the A. A. A. have recently announced this record.

Physicians battling with the plague in Manchuria protect themselves with rubber coat, gloves and helmet, the latter soaked in iodoform.

McIFaplaia 1911

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I'M., .....

The above halftone shows the popular McFarlan Six. The wonderful showing of this car at the Indianapolis Motor. Speedway, Sept. 5th, . 1910 in the 200-mile race, which it made without a stop, "was the FEATURE PERFORMANCE OF THE MEET. DERTSCD BROS- Agents, Cambridge City, fadTj

Me a MWk Inme aimi tei Tins

You might be a prospective buyer and then you might just be someone who is interested in automobiles. This is not just an advertisement telling of the good qualities of 4 this practical car, but it will tell you a few things that might not have occurred to you and which' might influence you in buying a Waverly. Among the inventions of recent years the place of the Electric automobile is among the first. It is a carriage of ready service and equal convenience to every member of the familyfor the office, the church, the theater, the neighborhood call and pleasure rides. It presents no mechanical difficulties and causes no trouble.'. Even a child may operate it with safety. The accumulated experience of 15 years in building electrics, in meeting and solving the mechanical problems of storage battery motive power, in the study of carriage building and the requirements of the electric vehicle is all epitomized in this car. The important advantages of the Waverly in every type and model, are handiness, simplicity of control, freedom from mechanical troubles, low cost of operation and independence "of weather conditions. The upholstering is a pronounced factor in the supremacy of the Silent Waverly. The choicest broadcloth and goat morocco the markets of Europe afford have been used in this car. It is called the Silent Waverly because of its mechanical construction its principle of spring construction makes it the easiest riding car ever produced. It would be impossible to tell you all to be known about this vehicle. Below we give a list of the many models of the Silent Waverly.

THE WAVERLY 1911 BROUGHAM THE SILENT WAVERLY BROUGHAM THE SILENT WAVERLY COUPE WAVERLY VICTORIA-PHAETON

WAVERLY STANHOPE MODEL 74 WAVERLY STANHOPE MODEL 53 THE SILENT WAVERLY ROADSTER WAVERLY RUNABOUT MODEL 69

Tnt-flE SILENT WPAVrEIRIL,Ty E IL.E C T RI C

1911

TME WAVERLY

Ciminm2ipciiall AMtoiiimoMflc Why bother with a horse why trouble with a gasoline truck? The use of an electric will cut down your stable expense. It is not impeded by ice, snow or cold in winter, or by the torrid heat of summer. An electric is made for the weather. One electric will do'the work of two horse-drawn trucks for a little more than half the cost. With an Electric, it's jump on the seat, push the lever and go, and it can always be relied on to keep going. Jn the Waverly you have the simplest of all electrics, and the electric is the simplest of all automobiles. It makes good. We have the closed delivery wagons, capacity 1,200 lbs., 1,500 lbs. and 2,000 lbs., price $2,000, and many other models as the open delivery, one ton truck, twelve-passenger bus, ambulance, 2,500 lb. truck, two-ton truck, three-ton truck. Extra bodies are carried in all these trucks suitable for all lines of commercial work. Write, -'phone or call, and let me demonstrate to you the possibilities and convenience of a Silent Waverly Electric.

ELHE& Slim

Excelsior AUTO CYCLE

-1911'

Single-4 EL P.

Double-6 0. P.

This Is the Motor Cycle That Has a Record of Success That Beats Any Motor Cycle Today. - In every public road test of Importance tha Excelsior haa not only made good, but in nearly every Instance ahowed the greateat proportion of perfect scores of any motor-cycle contesting. As a result, the purchaser who demands "Show me" haa only to look at the record of accomplishments and the many pointa of practical eu periority fully evidenced in the 1911 models. We have built a machine that is comfortable, that owing to Ita freedom from vibration, its comfortable saddle position, power and simplicity, could be ridden day after day, In fair weather and foul, on good roads and bad, that would carry not only the rider, but any reasonable load of baggage, or even two persona, at as high a rata of speed ac he would ever have a reason to travel. Believing that the motor cycle waa to be a practical meane of personal transportation rather than a fad or a plaything, the Exeel sior was built to stand hard, dally service, a machine that would meet every requirement of such aervice and would be "on the job continuously without necessity of adjustment or continual cart. My Store Is the Headquarters for All Motor Cycle Riders Buy One and Be One of Us.

This machine is known for its speed that is where it obtained the name of the Flying Merkel. It has won speed contest after contest and made good. It has many qualities not found in other makes; call at the store and let me explain to you what this machine has to offer that you can't find in other motors

Bicycle Season Is Mere From henceforth you can bank on fair weather. If you have been thinking of buying a wheel, now is the time to buy. Compare these prices with other wheels. I can give you a better value than you can find elsewhere. Ikvj 1911 Models PIERCE ..... .....$40to$60 RACYCLE ...... ..$35to60 IVER JOHNSON ..$30 to $60 , CROWN $30 to $35 AVALON .....;....$30to$35 PEARL..... $25to$35 BUCKEYE $22to$3d Fall line of Sundries ond Repairs

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