Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 35, Number 295, 31 August 1910 — Page 8

PAGE EIGHT

THE RICHMOND PALLADIU3I A.1 SUN-TELEGRAM, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 31, 1910.

Crvin& Need is Good CitizenshiD.

In His Speech at Osawatomie, of Government ' Osawatomie. Kan Aug. 81. There have bMO two great crises in oar country's history first wheo It wss formed and tbco again wbeo Jt wss perpetuated. The formative period Included not merely tbe Revolutionary war. but tbe creation and adoption of tbe constitution and tbe first doten years of work under it Tbeo came sixty years during wblcb we spread across tbe continent years of vital growtb, but of growth wltbout rather tban growtb within. Tben came the time of stress and strain wblcb culminated in tbe civil swats fttia iAaw4 I stttiirvlaa TV SIS f tSSw ' vr Vk Ml I IVIV saA IV upon tbe issue of wblcb depended tbe justification of all tbat we bad done earlier and wblcb marked tbe second great period of growtb and development within. Tbe name of John Brown will be forever associated with tbla second period of tbe nation's history, and Kansas was tbe theater upon wblcb tbe first act of tbe second pf our great! national life dramas was played. It waa the result of tbe struggle in Kansaa which determined tbat our country should be in deed aa well as In nam devoted to both union and freedom, tbat tbe great experiment of democratic government on a national scale should succeed and not fail. - It was a heroic struggle, and. aa la inevitable with all such struggles. It bad also a dark and terrible aide. Very much waa done of good and much also of evil, and, aa waa inevitable in aucb Sft rkAStiAjt t waAl is Iah aaa rha asma sjaj avasw ug ivtviuuvu, VeVM ajv MUia man did both good eviL For our great good fortune as a nation we, the people of the United States aa a whole, can now afford to forget tbe evil or at least to remember It without bitterness and to fix our yea with pride on the good tbat waa accomplished. Problems of Life. Even In ordinary times there are eery few of ua who do not aee tbe problems of life aa through a glass darkly, and when the glass Is clouded by tbe murk of furious popular passlon the vision of the best and the bravest is dimmed. Looking back, we art all of ua now bio to do justice to tbe valor and tbe d 1st n teres tad o ess and the love of tbe right as to each it was given to see the right shown both by the men of the north and the men of the south In that contest which waa finally decided by the attitude of the west We can admire the heroic valor, the alncerlty, tbe self devotion ahown .like by the men who wore tbe blue and the men who wort the vrav. anil oar sadness that such men should have bad to fight one another la tempted by tbe glad knowledge that ever hereafter their descendauta shall be found fighting, side by aide, atrnggllng In peace aa well aa in war for tbe uplift of their common country, ail alike resolute to raise to the highest pitch of honor and usefulness the nation to which they all belong. Aa for the veterans of the Grand Army of the Republic, they deserve honor and recognition such as are paid to no other cltlsena of the republic, for to them the republic owea lta all, for to them It owea lta very existence. 1 I do not apeak of tbla struggle of tbe point Our Interest la primarily la tbe application today of the lessons taught by the contest of half a century ago. It Is of little use for ua to pay lip loyalty to the mighty men of the past unless we sincerely endeavor to apply to the problems of the present pre cisely the qualities which In other crises enabled the men of those days to meet those crises. It Is half melancholy and half amusing to see the way in which well meaning people gather to do honor to the men who In company with John Brown and tinder the lead of Abraham Lincoln faced and solved the great problems of the nineteenth century, while at tbe same time these same good people nervously shrink from or frantically denounce those who are trying to meet the problems of tbe twentieth In the spirit which waa accountable for tbe successful solution of the problems of Lincoln's time. Llneeln'S Forecast Of tbat generation of men to whom we owe so much tbe man to whom we we the most Is. of course, Lincoln. Fart of our debt to him la because be forecast our present straggle and saw tbe way out lie said: MI hold that while man exists It Is bis duty to Improve not only bis own condition, but to assist in ameliorating mankind." And asaln: Labor la prior to and Independent of capital. Capital la only tbe fruit of labor and could never have existed but for labor. Labor la the superior of capital snT deft serves much the higher consideration. Capital has Its rights which are as , worthy of protection aa any other fights. ' Nor should tbla lead to a war pon the owners of property. Property la the fruit of labor; property la desirable, la a positive good In tbe world. Let not blm who is houseless pull down the bouse of another, bat let him work diligently and build one for himself, thus by example showing that his own shall be safe from violence when bout" It seems to me that in these words Lincoln took substantially tbe attitude tbat we ought to take. lie showed the proper sense of proportion In bis relative estimates of capital and labor, of bumaa rights and property rights. Above all. In tbla speech, aa In many others, be taught a lesson In wis iiawiuiii auu -nari(7 ma UMuapensabet lesson to us of today. But tbla kindliness and charity never ikeoed bis arm or numbed his

We cannot afford weakly to blind ourselves to tbe actual conflict which races ua today. Th Issue la joined, and we must fight or fall. In every wise stra-jle for human betterment one of the main object , and often tbe only object baa been t ! ackleTt t fcrevr measure es?!hr of A -

Kas., Today-, the Former Chief Executive Takes Up Problem Opposes Government Ownership of Railroads.

op'porf unify. To 'I fie struggle for furs great end nations rise from barbarism to civilization, and through It peoples press forward from one stage of enlightenment to tbe next One of tbe chief factors in progress is tbe destruction of special privilege. Tbe essence of any struggle for healthy liberty bas always been and must always be to tske from some one man or class of men tbe right to enjoy power or wealth or position or immunity which bits not been earned by service to bis or their fellows. . Struggle For 8lf Government. - At many 'stages to tbe advance of humanity tbla conflict between tbe men who possess more tban tbey bare earned and tbe men who have earned more tbao tbey possess is tbe central condition of progress. In our day It appears as the struggle of free men to gain and bold the right of self government as against tbe special interests who twist tbe methods of free government Into macbinery for defeating the popular will. At every stage and under all circum stances tbe essence of the struggle is to equalize opportunity, destroy privilege and give to tbe life and citizenship of every individual tbe highest possible value both to himself and to the commonwealth. Practical equality of opportunity for all citizens when we achieve it will have two great results. First, every man will have a fair chance to make of himself all tbat in him lies, to xeach tbe highest point to which bis capacities, unassisted by special privilege of his own and unhampered by tbe special privileges of others, can carry him and to get for himself and bis family substantially what he bas earned; second, equality of opportunity means tbat the commonwealth will get from every citizen the highest service of which he Is capable. No man who carries the burden of tbe special privileges of another can give to the commonwealth that service to which it Is fairly entitled. I stand for the square deal. But when I aay tbat I am for the square deal I mean not merely tbat I atand for fair play under tbe present rules of tbe game, but tbat I stand for having those rules changed so aa to work for a more substantial equality of opportunity and of reward for equally good service. This means tbat our governments, national and state, must be freed from the sinister influence or control of special Interests. Exactly as tbe special Interests of cotton and slavery threat ened our political integrity before tbe civil war, so now tbe great special business interests too often control and corrupt, the men and methods of gov ernment for their own profit We must drive tbe special interests out of Dolltlcs. Tbat Is one of our tasks today. Every special Interest Is entitled to justice full, fair and com plete but not one Is entitled to a vote in congress, a voice on tbe bench or to representation in any public office. Tbe constitution guarantees protection to property, and we must make that promise good. But it does not give tbe right of suffrage to any cor poration. Control Commercial Forces. The true friend of property, the true conservative. Is he - who insists tbat property ahall be tbe servant and not the master of the commonwealth who Insists that the creature of man'a mak lng shall be tbe servant and not tbe master of the man who made it The Citizens of tbe United States must ef fectlvely control tbe mighty commer cial forces v hlch they have them selves called into being. , There can be. no effective control of corporations while their political activ ity remains. To put an end to ft will bo neither a short nor an easy task. but It can be done, We must have complete and effective publicity of corporate affairs, so that the people may know beyond perad venture whether tbe corporations obey tbe law and whether their manage ment entitlea them to the confidence of tbe public. It is necessary tbat iawa ahould be passed to prohibit tbe use of corporate funds directly or in directly for political purposes. It is still more necessary tbat such laws should be thoroughly enforced Corporate expenditures for pollticsl purposes and especially aucb expend! tures by public service corporations have supplied one of tbe principal sources of corruption In our political affairs. It bss become entirely clear that we must have government supervision of the capitalisation not only of public servlo) corporations, including particularly railways, but of all corporations doing an Interstate business. I do not wlab to see the nation, forced into ownership of tbe railways if it can possibly be avoided, and tbe only alternative la thoroughgoing and effective regulation which shall be based on a full knowledge of sll tbe facta. Including a physical valuation of the property. This physical valuation la not needed or at least is very rarely needed for fixing rates, but It la needed aa the basis of honest capitalization. We bave come to recognize tbat franchises should never be granted except for a limited time and never wltbout proper provision for compensation to tbe public. It Is my personal belief that tbe same kind and degree of control and supervision which should be exercised over public service corporations should be extended also to combinations which control necessaries of life, aucb ss meat oil and coal, or which deal In them on an Important scale. I believe that the officers and especially tbe directors of corporations should be held personally responsible wheo any corporation breaks tbe law. - Combinations . In Industry are the result of an Imperative economic law wblcb cannot be repealed by political legislation. The effort at prohibiting all combination bas substantially tailed.' Thp.wcx out lift tor i aVejBJ-

Savs Roosevelt

tng to 'prevent socli combinations, bat to completely controlling tneto in tbe interest ot tbe public warfare.' For that purpose tbe federal bureau of corporations Is an agency of the first importance, its power and. therefore its efficiency, as well a tbat ot the in terstate cotnnierre commission, should be largely Increased. We hare a right to expect from tbe bureau of corporations and from tbe Interstate commerce , commission a very hlgn grade ot public service. We should 1x5 sure of tbe proper conduct of interstate railways and tbe proper management of Interstate business as we are now sure' of tbe conduct and management of tbe national banks, and we should have as effective supervision In one case a In the other. The Hepbnrn act and tbe amendment to tbat at In tbe shape la wblcb It Anally passed i-onjrres at tbe last session represent a long step in advance, and we must go yet further. v Influence of Special Inttrests. There Is a wldexptead belief among our people that under tbe methods of making tariffs which bave hitherto ob tained the special interests are too In fluential. Probably this is true of both tbe big Interests and the little inter ests. These methods have put a pre mium on selfishness, and naturally the selfish big Interests bare got more tban tbe selfish small interests. The duty of congress is to provide a meth od by which the interest of the whole people shall be all tbat receives consideration. To this end there must be an expert tariff commission wholly removed from the possibility of political pressure or of improper business influence. Such a commission can find out tbe real difference between the cost of production, wblcb is mainly tbe difference of labor cost here and abroad. As fast as Its recommendations are made I believe in revising one sched ule at a time. A general revision of tbe tariff almost inevitably, leads, to loc rolling and tbe subordination of the general public Interest to local and special interests. The absence of effective state and especially national restraint upon unfair money getting bas tended to create a small class of enormously wealthy and ecctvmiieally powerful men whose chief object is to bold and increase their power. . ' The prime need is to change tbe conditions which enable these men to accumulate power which it is not for the general welfare tbat tbey should bold or exercise. We grudge no man a fortune which represents bis own power and sagacity when exercised with entire regard to the welfare of bis fellows. But the fortune must be honorably obtained and well used. It is not even enough that It should bave been gained with out doing damage to the community. We should permit it to be gained only so long as tht gaining represents benefit to tbe community. This. know. Implies a policy of a far more active governmental Interference with social and economic conditions in this country than we have yet had. but I think we have got to face tbe fact that such an increase in governmental con trol Ik now necessary. Money Fairly Earned. No man should receive a dollar un less that dollar nas been fairly earned. Every dollar received should represent a dollar's worth of service' rendered. The really big fortune, the swollen fortune, by tbe mere fact of its-size acquires qualities which differentiate it In kind as well as in degree from what is possessed by men of relatively small means. Therefore I believe in a graduated income tax on big fortunes and in another tax which is far more easily collected and far more effective a graduated inheritance tax on big fortunes, properly safeguarded .against evasion and increasing rapidly in amount with tbe lze of tbe estate. Tbe people of tbe United States suffer from periodical financial panics to a degree substantially unknown among the other nations wblcb approach us in financial strength. ' There is no reason why we should suffer what they escape. It Is of profound impqrtance tbat onr flnancl.il system should be promptly investigated and so thoroughly and effectively revised as to make It cer.ain tfcat hereafter our currency win ho looser fail at criitical times to meet iur nerds. It is hardly necessary for me to repeat that 1 believe In ati efficient army WORTH WEIGHT 111 GOLD Lady Learned About Cards!, The woman's Tonic tnd is Now , Enthusiastic in its Praise. ' Mount Pleasant, Tenn. "Cardui is an you claim for it, and more," writes Mis. M. F Rail, of this place. "I was a great sufferer for 2 years and was very weak, but I learned about Cardtd, and decided to try it Now I am in perfect health. "My daughter, when changing into womanhood, got in very bad health. I gave her Cardui and now she enjoys good health. "Cardui is worth its weight in gold. I recommend it for young and old." Being composed exclusively of harmless vegetable ingredients, with a mild and gentle medicinal action, Cardui is Ihe best medicine for weak, sick girls and women. ' It has no harsh, powerful, near-poisonous action, like some of the strong minerals and drugs but helps nature to perform a cure in a natural easy way. Try Cardui. M64-pMe bonk. -11 ii iiT !!

and a navy kiir T,.,aKu"S,!cure fu, us abroad tbat respect' wblcb is tht surest guarantee of peace.. Justice and fair dealing among nations rent or principles identical with those , which control Justice and fair dealing among the individuals of' which nations are

composed, with tbe vital exception tbat each nation must do its own part in International polb-e work. National friendships. like those between men. must be founded on respect as well as on liking, on forbearance as well as on trust In .all this tt is peculiarly tbe duty of tbe United States to set a good example. Of conservation I shall speak more at length elsewhere. Conservation means development as much as it does protection. 1 recognize tbe right and tbe duty of this generation to develop and use tbe natural resource of our land, but I do not recognize tbe right to waste tbera or to rob by wasteful use tbe generatlouH that come after us, . The natural resources must be used for the'-benefit -of -all our people and not mouoolized for tbe benefit of a few. That is one of tbe fundamental reasons wby tbe special interests must be driven out of politics. Ot all tbe questions wblcb can come before this nation short of the actual preservation of Its existendTin a great war tbere Is none wblch compares in Importance with the great central task ol tearing this land even a better land for our descendants tban It is for us and training them into a better race to inhabit tbe land and pass it on. . . Conservation Is a great moral Issue, for It involves tbe patriotic duty of insuring tbe safely and continuance of tbe nation. Let me add tbat tbe health and vitality of our people are at least as well worib conserving "as their forests, waters, lands and' minerals and tbat In this great work tbe national government must bear a most important part. Better Faming Conditions. I bave spoken elsewhere also of the great task whih lies before the farmers of the country to get for themselves and for their wires and children not ouly the benefits of better farming, but a No those of better business methods, and better conditions of life on tbe farm. Tbe burden of this great task will fall, as it should, mainly upon tbe great organizations of the farmers themselves. I am glsd It will, for I believe they are well able to handle it. In particular there are strong reasons why th? departments of agriculture of the various states, tbe United States department of agriculture and tbe agricultural colleges and experiment stations should extend their work to cover all phases of life on the farm, instead of (imiting themselves, as they have far too often limited themselves in the past, solely to the -question of the production of crops. Nothing is more true than that excess of every kind is followed by reaction, a fact which should be pondered by reformer and reactionary alike. We are face to face with new conceptions of the relations of property to human welfare, chiefly because certain advocates of tbe rights of property as against tbe rights of men have been pushing their, claims too far. The man who wrougly holds that every human right is secondary to his profit' must now give way to the advocate of human welfare, who rightly maintains bat every niau , holds his property subject to the general right of tbe community to regulate its use to whatever degree the public welfare may require It. But I think we may go still further. Tbe right to regulate the use of wealth in tbe public interest Is universally admitted. Let ua admit also the right to regulate the terms and conditions of labor, which is the chief element of wealti. directly. In. tbe. inHAY FEVER! Don't suffer this season. Let us show you the merits of the Vapor-01 Treatment No. 7, especially prepared for Hay Fever. We guarantee It to be absolutely harmless and free from Injurious drugs, also to give you relief cr refund the money. . LEO H. FINE'S PHARMACY Get Measured Now For that New TsUor-Slade Suit at Woolley's, 918 Main

ctreit i. ;.:uju je fun

damental thing to do for every man is to give him tbe chance to reacb a place in which be will make tbe greatest possible contribution to the public welfare. : , ;'".: V" --: No man .can be a good citizen .unless he bas a wage mure than sufficient to cover the bare cost of living and hoars of labor short enough so that after his day's work is done be will bave time and energy to bear bis share in the management of the community, to help in carrying the geueral load. We keep countless men from being good citizens by tbe conditions of life with which we surround them." We need coaipcebenslv e workmen's compensation acts, both state aad national laws to regulate child labor and tbe work d women, aud especially we need In our common schools not merely education is book learning, but also practical training for daily life and work. . ' v: We need to enforce better sanitary conditions for our workers aad to extend the use of safety appliances in industry autl commerce both within and between the states. Fiflht Mob Violence. Also, friends, in "the Interest of the worklugman himself we need to set our faces like Hint against mob violence Just as against cor-M-rate greed, against violence and injustice and lawlessness by wageworkers just as much as against lawless cuuuinji and greed and selfish arrogance of employers. , National efficiency bas uiauy factors. It Is a necessary result of the principle of conservation widely applied. Is tbe end It will determine onr failure or success as a uation. National effi ciency bas to do not only with natural resources and with men; it is equally concerned with institutions, r Tbe tate must .be made efficient for Ihe work which concerns only tbe people of the state and the nation for that which concerns all the people. There must remain no neutral ground to serve as a refuge for lawbreakers and especially for lawbreakers of great wealth who can hire the vulpine legal cunning wblcb will leach tbem bow t avoid both jurisdictions. It is a niisforiune when tbe national legislature fails to do its duty in providing a national remedy, so tbat the only uational activity Is the purely negative activity of the judiciary Id forbidding the state to exercise power in tbe premises. I do not ask for overcentralization. but I do ask tbat we work In a spirit of broad and farreacbing nationalism when we work for" what concerns cur people as a whole. We are all Americans. Our common interests are as broad as the continent I speak to you here in Kansas exactly as I would speak 'In -New Tork or Georgia, for the most vital problems are those wblcb affect us all alike. Tbe national government belongs to the whole American people, and where the whole American people are interested that interest can be guarded effectively ouly by the national government. Tbe betterment which we seek must be accomplished. I believe, mainly through tbe national government. Tbe American people are rigbt in dei mnndin? that new nations. ism ; with J out which we cannot hope to deal with new problems. The new nationalism puts tbe national need before section al or,persor,l rjvaptape. It is. ima-

TAX

We have for sale a select line of nf sll crs&e CCCOOL DOODS In various amounts and securities. These bonds are NON-TAXADLE end net a cscd rets c! income This is a favorable time to buy tas ezes3?t cc3 cs the prices will advance sharply before assessment Cay In March. v PICMNSOIM TRUST CdDMPAlW INVESTMENT SECUQITIES Safe Deposit Vault

Pocahontas saved the life ol John Smllli Pocahontas coal ordered now saves money One more day and coal prices advance One more day and summer EioatErs are ctC2d One more day to order at boUom prices

tient ol" tbe UHer .onrutoo Chat results from local legtstatnrea attempting to treat national tunes a local b sues. ' , It 1 still more impatient of the impotence which springs from tbe overdivision ot government powers, tbe impotence wbkb makes It possible for local selfishness or for legal cunning, hired by wealthy special Interests, to bring national activities to a deadlock. This new nationalism regards the executive power as the steward of tbe public welfare. It demands of tbe judiciary that it shall be interested primarily in human welfare rather tban in property, just as It demands that tbe representative body shall represent all tbe people rather tban any one class or section ot tbe people.

For Men, Not Property. erninent to' protect property aa well as human welfare. Normally and In tbe long run tbe ends are the same, but whenever the alternative most be faced I am for men and not for property. t t I am far from underestimating the Importance of dividends, but I rank dividends below - human character. I know well that the reformers must not bring upon the people economic ruin or the reforms themselves will go down in tbe ruin. But we must bo ready to face temporary disaster, whether "or not brought on by those who will war against us to tbe knife. Those who oppose all reform will do well to remember that ruin In its worst form is inevitable if our national life brings us nothing better than swollen fortunes for tbe few and the triumph in both politics and business of a sordid and selfish material ism. : If our political institutions were perfect thej would absolutely prevent the political domlnatiou of money in any part of onr affairs. We need to make our political representatives more quickly and sensitively respousive to tbe people whose servants they are. More direct action by tbe people in their own affairs under proper safeguards is vitally necessary. Tbe direct primary is a step in this direction if it Is associated with a corrupt practices act effective to prevent tbe advantage of tbe man willing recklessly and unscrupulously ,to spend ' money over bis more bonest competitor. It is particularly important tbat all moneys received or expended for campaign purposes should be publicly accounted for not ouly after election, but before election as well. Political action must be made sim pler, easier and freer from confusion for every citizen. I believe that tbe prompt " removal of unfaithful or In competent public servants should be made easy and sure in whatever way experience shall show to be most expedient in any given class of cases. One of tbe fundamental necessities In a representative government" sucb as ours Is to make certain tbat the men ii whom tbe people delegate their power shall serve tbe people by whom tbey are elected and not the special Interests. - Tbe object of government Is the wel fare of tbe people, Tbe material progress and prosperity of a nation are desirable chiefly so fsr as they lead to the moral and material welfare of all good citizens. Just in proportion aa tbQ.avpr-.,; .-n aud .woman are hen

EXEIMIIPT

est capable of 'juuU judgment and nlgb ideals, active, la public attain bat first of all aoand tn their bom life -and the father and mother of healthy -children Just so far and no farther r we may count onr civilisation a sue- -cess. ,. T nvuX have i believe we have !, already a genuine and permanent moral awakening, without wblcb no j wisdom of legislation or adaalaistra-, tion really mns anything. And, on' the other band, we must try to secure the social and economic legislation , without which any improvement due to purely moral agitation Is necessarily evanescent What we need are good cltlsena. Good citizenship means progress, and therefore all good cltlsena aboetd stand for progress and must be progressive. , OBITUARY.

John M. Weissgerber. son of Stephen and Barbara Weissgerber. waa born November 5th, 1S37 In France and died August 26th. 1910 at his home, three miles north of Richmond, aged 78 years. 9 months and 21 days. At tbe age ot 2 years be came with his parents to Buffalo, New York. In " 1S59 he came to Cambridge City, where he was employed In the Railroad shops for some time. He afterward came to Richmond where he resided" until his death, being employed with Nordyke ft Marmon, later with the Richmond City Mill Works. He waa a member of tbe Whitewa-? ter Lodge for over forty years, also a member of the Christian church. , He was married Feb. 1, 1860 to Sarah A. Lynn of Cambridge City. Unto them were born five children, tour having died in infancy. He la survived by tbe .widow, one son,- John Lovel, , three brothers, Pascal and George ot Buffalo, and Fred, ot New Caatle. A number of relatives and a host ot friends who mourn his death. It HQ MORE CONCERTS Because of lack of support the Rich mond City band will discontinue .the free concerts in Beallview park, for. tbe rest ot the season. The band has been supporting itself by tbe refreshment atand in Beallview but tbia baa been a failure. The manager expected financial aid from tbe street car company, but it did not even furnish trans portatlon. Dr. G. A. Mottier will be at CH 11th St Friday. Aug. 26.. Il-tt

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