Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 34, Number 161, 18 April 1909 — Page 8

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THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM AND SUN-TJBLEGRAM, SUNDAY, APRIL 18, 1909.

lEllCE COIIGRESS 10 CHICAGO MAY DDOG EVENT Sessions Will Be Held in the Orchestra Hall and Will Be Opened by the Apollo Choral Service. I emm-SSS SECRETARY OF, WAR PRESIDING OFFICER (Approaching Meeting Calls Attention to the Great Advances Made by Those Who Would End Wars.

By Edwin D. Mead. Chicago. April 17. The approaching national peace congress In Chicago the 1st of May directs special attention to the great international and national peace congresses that have preceded it and whose noteworthy purposes and achievements it will advance a degree further. The first peace society in America, or in the world, was founded in New York by David Low Dodge and his associates in August, 1815. The Massachusetts Peace Society, which owed its Initiative to Noah Worcester, was organised in Dr. Channing's , study ii Boston Christmas week , of ' the same year. The London society was organized the same year; and from that time on peace societies multiplied. But almost a generation passed before the inauguration, of peace congresses. The first international peace congress was held in London in 1843. It was the thought of the British philanthropist, Joseph Sturge, the friend of Garrison, Whittier and other American anti-slavery leaders, and was first broached by him in 1841 to members of the American Peace Society in Boston. Brought to London Congress. Our American society warmly indorsed it and commended it to the English society, and through, the co-operation of the two the memorable London couA aress was brought about. - It was al most exclusively a British and American congress 294 of the 337 delegates from Great Britain; thlrtw seven from imerlca and six from the continent of Surope. Perhaps the most Important practic al proposition considered at this first congress was that of Judge , William Jay of New York, president i of ' the American Peace Society during the de,cade in which the historic peace con? greases in Europe in the middle of the ast century occurred, that an arbitration clause should be embodied in all future commercial treaties between the great powers. ' At the four subsequent congresses the American representatives stood pre-eminently for the demand for a congress of nations, which should develop and codify international law and create an international tribunal; and this constructive programme which our own day at last is seeing realized, was popularly spoken of In Europe throughout the decade as "the American plan." Credit Due Elihu Burritt. It was an American, Elihu Burritt, who was the chief inspiring and shaping force for the Brussels congress in 1848. followed by the great congresses of Paris, Frankfort and London, in 1849, 1850 and 1851. At both Paris and Frankfort there were more than twenty delegates, at London more than sixty. The Paris congress, over which Victor Hugo presided, and the London congress, held in the year of the first International exposition and having more than a thousand delegate from England aone, were Immense and most Impressive gatherings, and in them the peace movement of the last centuryreached its highest point. They were followed by two important British congresses at Manchester and Edinburgh, and then came the Ci i- " mean war and the other great wars of that period, and there was a long interregnutn. '''" , ' First of Present Series in 1889. The first of the present series of the International Peace Congresses was held at Paris in 1880, the year of the Paris Exposition. Frederic Passy was its president, and the number of delegates in attendance was almost the same as the first London congress in .1843. The second congress met the next year in London, Hon. David Dudley Field, of New York, serving as its president. , The subsequent congresses have been at Rome. Berne, Chicago (in 1803), Antwerp, Buda-pest. Hamburg. Paris. Glasgow, Monaco, Rouen, Bos ton. Lucerne, Milan, Munich and London. The Chicago congress of 1893, held In connection with the great exposition, was a memorable meeting, and will be remembered by many. Of all these International Congresses, that in Boston in 1904, had the largest attendance', its impressive feature being a aeries of great mass meetings for the people. One of its results was an American delegation of over fifty at the Lucerne congress the following year, a number five times a great as that which has usually attended the congresses in Europe during these twenty years. ' ; Many Americans at Munich. At the Munich congress in 1907, there .was also a strong American delegation, and our representation at London last summer was the largest we have ever sent to a peace - congress In Europe. It Is earnestly hoped that an American delegation, as large or larger will be present at the congress this year, which is to meet In Stockholm the first week In September. There should especially be a large Scandinavian contingent. Our Amerot ficanOiwwiaa birth are

Ka great . body. Intesrlianges of pro-

fassors between the Scandinavian uni versities and oar own,-are now being 'aranged. :: The new Scandinavian' American Society will do much to develop fraternity, and' this fraternity should find strong' expression in Stockholm in September. Need for National -Congresses. In recent years the-needi for regular national peace congresses, in ' addition to the international ' congresses, has been making itself everywhere more and more strongly felt. Comparative ly few, at best, of the peace workers in any country are able to attend the congresses in other countries. ' To many the hindrances of foreign lan guages and usages are serious. It is important, moreover, to I consolidate and organize the peace party in each country, and by national congresses to influence public opinion. France, which has taken the lead in so many of the important peace movements of the last tnenty years, was i the first to act in this widespread feelfng. The first Freisch national peace congress was held in Toulouse lntl902; the subsequent congresses hawa been heldkat Nismes,Lille, Lyons and elsewhere. England was-the second to act, and the congresses at Manchester, Bristol. Birmingham and Scarborough in the last four years have been large and influential, giving new life and better direction to the English peace movement. Last year - Germany entered the field with a splendid national congress at Jena. First American Congress in 1907. It was with the record of the great international congresses : behind it, as well as the conspicuous success and usefulness ot the national congresses in France and England, that the first American National Peace Congress was held, in aJew York in April. 1907. But the congress had also a distinct American background. The Mohonk arbitration conferences which : antedate the English and French ' congresses, in addition to their other eminent services have in great measure 'preserved the function of national congresses for America for a dozen years'. v The education and inspiration In t right International thought which they have given the country in the critical period, when that inuenae- was most imperatively needed are incalculable. America's obligation to the consecrated and prophetic founder of the Mohonk conference is profound. That stimulating school nursery for effort in the great cities of the country will render ever larger service and have ever wider scope as the peace congresses multiply with the years; and we do not fail to remember that Mohonk is In the same Empire State as the city in which our first National Peace Congress met, the city in which David Low Dodge founded the first peace society in 1815 Growing Influence for Peace. Above all other preparations for new epoch and larger activities of the peace movement In America marked by the assembling of oru first Nation al Peace Congress had been tne steady, increasing Influence of our great prophets of peace, from tho founders of the Republic, and from David Low Dodge and Noah Worcester, to the present hour, whose lofty conceptions and inspired words have leavened the public thought. In this time of larger life and larger hopes we remember with gratitude and reverence the men who laid the foundations of our temple of peace. It is not too much to say that the New York congress of 1907, our own first National Peace Congress, was the most important and impressive, as it was certainly the largest popular peace demonstration ever seen. It occupied four days, April 14 to 17. It was introduced by a great musical consecration service in Carnegie Hall on Sunday evening, the musical features being supplemented with addresses by Bishop Potter, Rabbi Emit G. Hirsch of Chicago and Archbishop Farley. Throngs In Carnegie Hall. Five thousand people were present; and audiences nearly as large, often fully as large, gathered in Carnegie Hall two or three times a day for the inspiring meeting of the three following days while many overflow meetings had to be arranged. There were several special meetings at the Cooper Union and elsewhere; and all ended with banquets at the Hotel Astor and the Waldorf-Astoria, with an attendance so large in both places at the same time as to tax the capacity of the banqueting halls of those two great hotels. From the opening meeting, with the stirring addresses by Mayor McClellan. Governor Hughes and Secretary Root, to the end, the interest was unflagging. Andrew Carnegie, the president, of the New York Peace society, was president of the congress, and his unfailing humor, enthusiasm and good sense contributed greatly to the wonderful success of the congress. Chicago Women Were Speakers. The political, commercial and educational aspects of the peace movement were the themes of successive meetings. The relation of women to the movement was the subject of one entire session; Miss Jane Addams and Mrs. Henrotin of Chicago being among the half dozen speakers. One of the most stirring meetings was the labor meeting, when 5,000 of the New York school children with their immense chorus, packed the hall. Nicholas Murray Butler, Felix Adler, Hugo Munsterberg. Samuel Gompere, Richard Bartholdt, William J. Bryan, John W. Foster. George Gray, Archbishop Ireland, William T. Stead, Baron D'Estournelles, Seth Low, Edward Everett Hale and President Eliot are a few names selected almost at random from the hundred speakers, indicating the character of the memorable assembly. ; ' ' : The resolutions unanimously adopted were very strong and prophetic recognizing the remarkable advances in world organisation since the first Hague conference, urging unremitting effort on the part of all nations to perfect the legal system which shall supplant the war system and calling upon our Own government for decided action toward briagins about the limi

tation of burdensome armaments of the nations. .Are Glad to Come Here. The invitation which was presented to the congress to come to Chicago for its second meeting, with the assurance that the men of Chicago would finance It as generously as New York had financed its great congress, was received with the utmost enthusiasm. Everybody felt that Chicago was the right place for the second National, congress. A strong Invitation came from Portland, Oregon and the third congress will likely be held in Portland or some other of the great Pacific coast cities. But now it is Chicago: and the Chica

go congress will doubtless be as note worthy and inspiring as the great New York congress, and . advance equally the peace cause in this country. The aim is to make the congresses truly, national. At the New York congress there were delegates from thirty nine states and territories; and as good a record will doubtless be made in Chicago. The opposition of the war system, and the impatience especially with the efforts of the "big navy party to saddle upon this country the costly and menacing - armaments which are exhausting Europe, have grown rapidly in the two years since the New York congress; and the com ing notable gathering at Chicago, which is being organized with rare energy and devotion by the great Chicago committee, will give new impulse to the rational and progressive poli cies upon all these matters. Idea Gains by Leaps. The leaders for the movement for international justice both in America and Europe are sometimes reproached as dreamers.' , The only trouble with them in the last ten years has been that they have not been able to dream daringly and fast enough to keep with the facts. If the oldest and most hopeful of us had been told ten years ago that we should see in the, world today an international tribunal, with a dozen cases already settled by it, a regular international parlament substantially assured, and nearly a hundred arbitration treaties already ratified between different nations, we should none of us have believed it. - All these things and much more have been effected; and the achievements of the next ten years will be as great. The Chicago peace congress will inspire the international workers of the country by the celebration of their signal triumphs and nerve them for the tasks which now confront them. The gathering in Chicago, which will be held in Orchestra Hall May 3-5, will be presided over by Jacob M. Dickinson, secretary of war and president of the national peace congress. On Sunday afternoon, May 2, in Or chestra hall, the Apollo club will give a choral service as a prelude to the convention. 8wept Over Niagara - This terrible calamity often hannens because a careless boatman ienores the river's warnings - growing ripples and faster current-Nature's -warnings are kind. That dull pain or ache in the back warns you the Kidneys need attention if you would escape fatal maladies Dropsy, Diabetes or Bright's disease. - Take Electric Bitters at once and see Backache fly and all your best feelings return. "After long suffering from weak kidneys and lame back, one $1.00 bottle wholly cured me," writes J. R. Blankenshlp, of Belk, Tenn. Only 50c at A. G. Luken & Co. GREAT UNEASINESS Naval Experts Think American Dreadnaught's Engines Are Not Good. BASED ON RECENT TESTS Washington, D. C, April 17. There is some uneasiness among naval engineers over the North Dakota's Curtis turbine engines, because of the inferior showing made by this type of engine in the recent trial tests of the three scout cruisers Birmingham, Chester and Salem. The showing made in these runs indicate that so far as coal consumption is concerned the Salem, with Curtis turbines, is Inferior In a military way to the Chester, with Parsons turbines, and the Birmingham, with reciprocating engines. Salem's Record. On the twenty knot one hundred hour test the Salem consumed 202 tons of coal a day, as compared to the Chester's 157 and the Birmingham's 153V On the ten knot speed test the Salem burned about seventy per cent more coal than the Birmingham. The coal consumption for these tests was: Tha Birmingham, about thirty-two tons a day; the Chester, forty-one tons, and the Salem, fifty-four tons. Officers at the Bureau of Steam Engineering of the Navy Department say that by comparing the coal consumption records of the Birmingham with reciprocating engines, and the Salem, with Curtis turbines, an idea can be had of the relative coal consumption and consequent cruising radius of the new battle ship Delaware, with reciprocating engines, and the North Dakota, with Curtis turbines. Taking the comparative records made by the reciprocatlne enaines and Curtis turbines in the scouts tests It would appear that the Delaware has a cruising radius of about 7,000 miles at ten knots speed and the North Dakota may he only able to go 4.009 without replenishing her coal bunkers. Up Before The Bar. N. H. Brown, an attorney, of Pittsfield, "Vl. writes: "We have used Dr. King's New Life Pills for years and find them such a good family medicine we wouldn't be without them." For Chills, Constipation, Biliousness or Sick HeaUache they work wonders, 25c A. Ck Lake C. -

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The 1909 Directory for the Home Telephone Company is now being compiled. Send in your application for a 'phone, so that we can get your name properly listed in the new book. Have you considered the convenience of the Secret Service Automatic Telephone? Consider the convenience, business economy and pleasure of a 'phone in your home, office, or store. Call Phone 1212 and Place Your Order. Richmond Home Telephone Co.

"I'd Rather Die, Doctor,' than have my feet cut off," said M. L. Bingham, of Princeville. 111. "but you'll die from gangrene (which had eaten away eight toes) if you don't," said all doctors. Instead -he used Bucklen's Arnica Salve till wholly cured. Its cures of Eczema. Fever Sores. Boils, Burns and Piles astound the world. 25c at A. O. Luken & Co. Most Common Class of General Delivery patrons Are People of Small Means The Giddy Girl and Her Love Letters Fraudulent Use of the Mail's Reduced to the Minimum Disappointment is the Emotion Most Frequently Displayed at the Window The Gen eral Delivery Helps the Police to Trace Traveling Criminals. Knlcker What Is the secret of success? Bocker Be the fellow your wife could have married if It hadn't been for yon. New York Sun.

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