Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 34, Number 133, 21 March 1909 — Page 7

THE XtlOnKOffO PALLADIUM AND Sra-rcitEOIXAXX, SUZTOAT, MARCH 21, 1009.

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DESCRIBED

OK IJ. COIISOL Oid Quarries Have Been Forootten for Ages, the Gov

ernment Official States in Making Report. MASONIC ORDER WAS

ORIGINATED THERE

Charter of the Mother Lodge,

However, Has Been Lost-

Description Given of Hist or is Cave.

fa a recent report Thomas R. Wallace, American consul at Jerusalem, Syria, discusses the Masonic lodge at Jerusalem and the ancient quarry beneath the city known to tourists as SolfBMO'i Quarries." Mr. Wallace Says: As of interest in connection with the so-called "Chamber of Brotherly Cove

nant," In the quarries under the city of

Jerusalem, instituted in 183", by Robart Morris, I would say that to the best of say knowledge the quarries were dlsenvered by Dr. Barclay in 1852. or fif!te years later than the date you give. T am informed by Rolla Floyd, one of the oldest American residents of this country, that Robert Morris of , the

United States, brought out a charter

from the Grand Lodge of Canada, and 'with Henry Mondsley, an English engineer, Charles Hotter, a French Jew, and others, founded the Royal Solomon Mother Lodge, No. 203, August 7. 1873. Mr. Floyd was senior warden at that tine, and later became the first master of the lodge. Mr. Flood has not beard of the name of the lodge you give. , This lodge had the charter taken away a few years ago on account of bad management. Several attempts have been made to procure a new charter, all of which failed. These quarries, known as King Solomon's have no seating or other conveniences. : Still . Masons meet there from time to time, notably during the traveling season and especially when the dark cruise la here. t The quarries are municipal property, and an admission of one franc which equals 20 cent, is charged. -Masonic meetings can be held at any time. The last one was held less than a year ago. I have been able to count up only seventeen members here of the Masonic fraternity, though doubtless thaw are quite a few more. . How Quarries Were Found. Reference is made to the discovery of the quarries. It is of interest to note that all records concerning them seem to have been lost. Their re-discovery was by pure accident The story is that a certain Dr.. Barclay was out hunting, and: his dog disappeared . in a hole under the north wall of the city. As he failed to reappear the physician tore away the weeds and earth covering the orifice until the hole was sufficiently enlarged for him to enter in search of his dog. " Thus the quarries were discovered." ' It was supposed to be a large cavern

at first, but investigation proved it to be an immense quarry from which the rock had been quarried beneath the ; ground. The character of the work! and method used to separate the rock,;

Indicated the same had been done agea aso. The name of "Solomon's Quarries" has been applied. These quarries are mentioned) in Josephus as the "Royal Quarries." But little attention is given them by archeotoglsta and writers or recent years. The only interest incited by them

among tourists and investigators who;

visit the city is with the members or

the various Masonic bodies., who. usur J

ally visit the place, especially when their attention is called to the matter, and to the old legend related to them of the ancient master who first organised the Masonic lodge. , -- First Masonic Chamber. A chamber is pointed out in the

quarry where the first meetings were

held. It is a small semi-circular place with what might be construed as seats surrounding it. That is, there are projecting shelves of stone around the 'walls of this circular pit, and among the debris that partially fills this chamber is a pillar of stone, said to have been the chapel. This ' doubtless la the so-called "Chamber of Brotherly Covenant you mention', although I have not been able to learn that a name has been given- it here. It has not been used as a regular meeting place for a lodge. , It is in the same condition at present as when the quarry was first discovered. It would at best, accommodate but a small number for lodge work. I understand that some large circular areas, common in the quarry, are used by visiting Masons for lodge purposes. The length of time the quarry has been lost is a matter of conjecture. Probably the entrance was closed at the time of the destruction of the city by the Romans, or from constant accumulation of debris or dumpings carried out from the city, as this vicinity has been nsed as a common dumping ground. They, at least, have been lost sight of for ages past Forgotten for Ages. As an indication of the length of time the quarry has been Closed, attention is called to a And made by Mr. Page of the American colony at Jerusalem, In the quarry, many years ago. A small pottery lamp was discovered by him, filled with dust composed of. the. dost. particles that float In the air. ' These particles would remain ' in

the vessel after falling, protected by

the rim from disturbing cuireud. ie rocks falling from the ceiling or walla would Increase the oatfling dust atoms. .But such' disturbances- seldom occur In the quarryThe pottery lamp is one that was probably used by the Workmen in the quarry. It contained only the accumulation of dust atoms, and as it was about one inch in depth, and was full, it will be seen that ages must have

passed to thus fill the vessel, especial

ly in this vast cavern, where air currents scarcely exist to 'put in motion the floating atoms. AU who visit the quarry are impressed with its great size and importance as displaying stupendous activities on the part of the people who worked them, as well as the great skill shown by them in cutting out the stone from the solid rock walls with the crude Implements provided them for that purpose. The fact that the work Is underground, forming a large eerern, it what Impresses the mind with the vastness of its extent; but It is calculated that two or three cities the size of the present Jerusalem could be built from the rock excavated from this quarry. Furnished Stone for Temple. Since its discovery the idea has grown that it was from here the stone was taken by Solomon with which to build the ancient Jewish temple which bore his name. Several facts lend color to this theory. One Is that Josephus speaks of the temple as having been white, like a mountain of snow, and the least inspection of the rock in this quarry shows that it is exceedingly white. It is also soft and hardens on exposure to the air, which is greatly in favor of Its being easily dressed and carved for building purposes. Josephus also calls a cavern beneath the city of which he speaks, the royal cavern, which is evidently this quarry. It is also said that some of the blocks composing the ancient city wall are of this same stone. Still another fact is the existence, in the central part of the quarries, of a large chamber whose floorls deep with small stone clippings, showing that here the blocks of stone were worked into shape, suggesting the allusion in the Old Testament to the temple having been put up without the sound of hammer or saw. Doubtless it has been from these considerations that in recent years this quarry has come to be called Sol

omon's quarries in ordinary parlance.

However, that name is not met with in the books of archeologists and other writers on Jerusalem, who designate it by the name of the Royal Grot

to. It is also called the Cotton Grot

to. The supposed connection of Solo

mon with these quarries together with

the traditional idea that associates him with the early history of the Masonic fraternity is responsible for the

Interest with which Masons regard

these caves, and especially the particular chamber above spoken of, where lodge meetings are sometimes held.

Gavels and paper weights made

from the white stone of the quarry, and on which Masonic emblems are carved, are to be had in some of the stores of Jerusalem, and are much prized by Masons. .

AM AFRICAN TITBIT.

Hippopotamus Meat Has a - Strong Odor and Flavor of Musk. To the African traveler the hippopotamus is a species of game particularly desirable, for its ivory , and its hide are both valuable, while the' not Inconsiderable danger involved In its pursuit provides the delicious emotion without which every kind of hunting Is tame and insipid. , Moreover; the obligation under, which the, leader, of .the expedition lies to feed his servants and carriers adequately makes one of these enormous beasts, twelve feet long or so and disproportionately wide, a perfect godsend. Not only does the hippopotamus furnish a formidable amount of meat but that meat has the inestimable merit of keeping fresh much longer than any other, principally , owing to the fact, that flies seem to have an insurmountable horror of it. I must admit that for a long time I thoroughly sympathized with the flies. Alive, the hippopotamus has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling musk, which discloses the presence of the animal from afar when he happens to be to windward of one. In the flesh of the dead animal this odor or the taste of it rather persists and is much appreciated by the natives, though foreigners take a long time to get accustomed to it; some are never able to support It Wide World Magazine.

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Copyright 1909 by Hart Scaaftner & Marx

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TRIP TO ALASKA PLANNED BY THE SEC. OF INTERIOR

Mr. Ballinger Will Visit the Great Territory Some Time The Coming Summer to Investigate.

IMPORTANT MATTERS NEED HIS ATTENTION

Consideration Is to Be Given Coal, Lands, Reclamation Projects and to the Indian Affairs.

FIVE SENSES NOT ENOUGH. Our Limited Scale ef Consciousness Shuts Out Many Vibrations. Between the vibrations that we call electricity and the vibrations that we can heat we imagine there must be other vibrations filling op the gap, but we do not know, simply because we have no senses that can comprehend them. The spectrum Is just such a little scale. Below the darkest red at the lower end we cannot see; at the other end as the vibrations get faster and faster through the orange, the blue and the violet is another unknown gap that is, we cannot see it. But surely the vibrations are there. Some of them, for instance, that we have never seen and never can see mark their presence on a photographic plate. And this same spectrum may be used as an analogy to describe spiritualistic phenomena. Just as there are limits at either end of the scale of vibrations beyond which oar own senses can tell us nothing so may there be psychic forces at work beyond the limits of our consciousness. These are seemingly supernatural to us when we witness their effect, but they really are no more supernatural than the X ray that pierces the solid body or the invisible ultra violet ray that marks the photographic plate. From "Are the Dead Altver by Fremont Rider in Delineator, v. ;-i.u,-.: :,!" s:;:;

Good, old fashioned cakes are made from.. Mrs; Austin's buckwheat flour. Now at your grocer's, - ,V.

Washington, March 20. The f ir6t

cabinet officer, to visit Alaska, in his official capacity " will be Richard Ballinger, secretary of the interior, who has decided to go to that territory the coming summer. While he la away from Washington, . Mr. Ballinger will visit not only Alaska, but many of the western states - to investigate many matters that come under his supervise ion as secretary of the Interior. The coal lands of Alaska, the reclamation projects of the west and Indian affairs are to be given particular attention byihe new secretary. These questions Mr. Ballinger ' considers so important that he will give his personal attention to them as. soon as he catches up with the routine of his department and gets it running as he desires. , , .'.Came Here Under Protest. "I came to Washington under protest" Mr. Ballinger said, with a smile, as he discussed the affairs of the department. "At my time of life the business prospects offered' in Seattle are very alluring, and I feared that coming to Washington for four years I would get out of line, as it were. Now that I am here, though, I shall do my best to assist in the successful working out of such of President Taft's general policies as come under the interior department. "My first attention will be given to the reclamation service and Indian affairs ' I consider these of the utmost importance and will tackle them as soon as I can get things straightened out in the department, v . During the summer . I shall visit those sections of the country where the larger reclamation projects are in- course of development and see for myself just what the conditions are. f If necessary I shall also visit some of the Indian reservations, but probably I can get along with Indian affairs without doing this. During the summer I hope to spend some time in Alaska." 1 Asked if "he expected to go to Alaska

with the president, Mr. Ballinger said he did not know, but added that if the president should . visit -. there they would probably "get together." Grabbing of Coal Lands. Perhaps the most important question that the secretary of the interior will have to deal with in Alaska Is that involving the grabbing of. coal lands. Under the present system of land entry valuable coal lands have been illegally acquired by corporations and individuals, and action by the department of the interior will probably be necessary to save the government heavy losses In that direction. , The Alaskan situation is well understood by Secretary Ballinger, who has spent some time in the territory and his experience and knowledge of Alaskan affairs are among the qualifications which led Mr. Taft to select him as a member of the cabinet. A better administration of affairs In Alaska is to be one of the particular aims of President Taft's administration. For some years conditions in the territory have been bad. President Roosevelt instituted a number of reforms, but President Taft is anxious to put an effective stop to many abuses. Work of Reclamation Service. The value of the reclamation service and the magnitude of the work it is accomplishing are also thoroughly appreciated by both Mr. Taft and Mr. Ballinger, " and from what the latter said today of his plans, that service will receive its full measure of recognition and Bcourageioeiit at the fore he starts on his western tour See fore hestarts on his western tour Secretary Ballinger will study the reclamation service carefully, so that he may the more quickly get In touch with actual conditions on the various projects. His experience in. the state of Washington and as commissioner of the land office here has given him an excellent general knowledge of reclamation matters that will stand hint in good stead in working out the administrative policies of his department. A number of great reclamation projects will be completed or nearly completed by the time Secretary Ballinger starts west , next summer. One . of these is the great Gunniston tunnel in western Colorado, which runs six miles through a mountain 2.000 feet high. When completed. It will carry 1,500 cubic feet of water per second. In Idaho the secretary will see two of the highest earthen dams Is the world, where an artificial reservoir near Boise is being filled1 from the waters of the Boise river. In Arizona is the famous Roosevelt dam across the Colorado at Yuma. In Washington the waters from the famous Yakima, valley reservoirs will be used for Irrigation purposes next summer. " 1. Land Entry in Idaho. Another question , that Mr. ! Ballinger will probably take up while he is in the west is the system of land entry prevailing in Idaho. The laws affecting the public lands of Idaho are loosely drawn and have been the cause of great Injustice to poor settlers who have flocked to that state from various sections of the country, attracted by the belief that the, land laws are poor man's laws, when; as a matter of fact, the poor man had little chance under them until Senator Be rah of Idaho took the matter up and brought about relief. ..; Under the laws a settler took: up

land, but could not get title tq it until he had reduced It to a certain point of cultivation and had paid the indebtedness on it. Reducing virgin land, .in Idaho to the point where it is agriculturally productive is frequently a matter of at least three years, and between the time of entry and the time of making the land payi the poor settlers have had a tough time eking out even a bare living.

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ROTTEN COTTON GLOVES.

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"A nice thing, remarked the male doll, looking around at too royal audience with alarm, "bringing me to a wen noose like this In these terrible gloves! This caused so much amusement that the ventriloquist decided to make more of the "wheeze. and the badly behaved old gentleman's Incessant grumble throughout the entertainment, "rotten cotton gloves," proved one of the chief successes of the evening. The 'line" was la all Mr. le Hay's subsequent performances In America a wen as In England, and If. say. a mas bad bad a bad deal In Wall street or In Throgmorton avenue It was-the usual thing to say that be bad a "rotten cotton deal. London M. A. P.

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