Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 34, Number 14, 22 November 1908 — Page 11

Section Two rp

1 BIG ATA1Tin TTD ATT A TPMriTTl AT Section Two a LVJLVUO.XI II V ir- M MxllMX II J II AL J VIL Pages 1 to 8 Pages I to 8 AND SUN-TELEGRAM. RICHMOND, IND., SUNDAY MOUSING, NOVEMBER 23, 1908. WILL W. J. BRYAN RUM ONCE MORE?

CHURCHES OF THE NATION TO MEET $4,000,000 CRATED EACH DA Y IN WORKSHOPS OF GOVERNMENT

NATIONS MAY BE LED TO QUARREL Complications From Harvard Students' Effort to Secure Treasure.

IRISH HOME RULE PLAH A FAILURE Imperial Home Rule Association Fails in Its Plans. FOR TRADE, NOT POLITICS.

ORGANIZATION WAS SUPPOSED TO HAVE AS ITS OBJECT THE RECONCILIATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES. Dublin, Not. 21. Statements have teen circulated during the past few Weeks as to the founding of an Irish Imperial Home Rule Association, (which, it is said, has an important potitical program to set before the country, with the object of reconciling opposing "parties in Ireland. It has not fret been explained, however, how it Is proposed to find a common denominator between unionism and home rule. Much secrecy has been observed with regard to the personnel of the association, although the publication of names Is promised at a future date. The genesis of this association may, perhaps, be guessed by those who are ible to read between the lines when 1t is hinted that, if its operations relult in an increased trade between Dublin and some provincial towns in Ireland, its promoters would consider that it has not failed altogether of its object. Unfonists in the capital, and home rulers in the province would thus have found a common denominator. The movement has made little or hp headway and, despite the efforts to Secure influential support, the ames upon the roll of membership flo not at present carry sufficient weight to justify their publication. The association cannot be considertd to be fertile In ideas, and recently a conference was held in Dublin between some of Its members and memters of the Irish Reform association, It" which Lord MacDonnell presided, tt'was hoped that the Irish Reform association, which is wedded to the idea tf devolution, might be induced to Amalgamate with the Imperial Home Rule association; but at the conference the imperial home rulers were buite outweighed, and It is understood that Lord MacDonnell was entirely opposed to the suggestion. The imperial home rulers, however, are anxious that something should be done to promote the success of their organization, and it is believed that if any overtures were made to them by the Irish .Reform Association Jthey would be accepted. If any such overtures were made the most that the imperial home rulers could look for would be the offer of some kind of affiliation with the Irish Reform association, but this, presumably, would necessitate a revision of their political program. WIDOW GIVES HIM $70,00010 WED HER Poor Army Tailor Marries a 1 Wealthy Woman. St. Louts, Nov. 21. Joseph Bruno, Aged 48, a poor army tailor at Jefferson barracks has become the third husband of Mrs. Mary Meirhoff, aged 56, widow of Hick Eckerle, a wealthy brewer. She possesses a large fortune In her own right, left by her first husband. Her second husband, Meirhoff, a painter, died several years ago. . Bruno- was shy when Mrs. Meirhoff first smiled upon him as she drove through Jefferson barracks reservations. The diamonds and fine clothes with which Bruno has been dazzling his friends are said to have been gifts from the widow. It was published here that she finally counted out $70,OOO In stocks, bonds and cash to the timid swain upon condition that he marry and take her to Europe in the spring. Bruno and the aged widow went to Belleville, 111., in her new automobile where they were quietly married. They will reside In St. Louis until spring, when it is said they w'U .ra to Europe. HAnDtE VILLAGE FUNDS WITH SKILL Interest and One Bond Liqui dated by Eldorado. Eldorado, 0 Nov. 21. The trustees of the Municipal Sinking Fund met in regular session and bond number one was paid off with accrued interest, also Interest for one year on bonds number two, three, four, and five. These bonds are of the late $1,700 bond issue. 6urplus remaining In hands of trustees is $342.32, almost enough to pay off bond number two. The municipal officials are to be congratulated upon their efficient management of the village fucds. The trustees are Mayor Ervla, J. C. Juday and village clerk, Charles V Campbell.

Question Democratic Congressmen Discuss in Washington.

THINK THAT HE WILL NOT. DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS ELECTED THIS YEAR ARE BEING CONSIDERED AS PRESIDENTIAL TIMBER FOR 1912. Special to Palladium. Washington, Nov. 21. There is one leading question for discussion among the advance guard of democratic congressmen who have .arrived in Washington for the opening of the session next month. "Will Bryan ever again bo a candidate for president?" is the query they propound and endeavor to answer. The concensus of opinion is that he will not, though there are not lacking democrats whose faith in the ultimate triumph of the Peerless Lead' er is not shaken. There is, properly speaking, no such thing now as an anti-Bryan democrat, though there were plenty of them before the Denver convention placed Mr. Bryan at the head of the democratic ticket. But Mr. Bryan is no longer an issue dividing the party, so there may be discussion of his future and the party's future without any bitterness entering. Even Mr. Bryan's most ardent personal Admirers are able to consider the matter calmly, and not a few of them are of the present opinion that the .Nebraskan can not hope again to be his party's choice for president! Of course three years from now when the 1912 nomination becomes a live issue, they may line up with Bryan, and there is no personal disloyalty in their present tendency to critical analysis. There is no attempt by Mr. Bryan's friends to minimize the significance of the fact that the candidate for president ran so far behind so many of the state and local tickets, both north and south. The election of democratic governors in a number of northern states, the - remarkable disparity between the votes of Bryan and Chanler in New York, and the fact of .democratic losses and republican gains in the south on the presidential tickets, is accepted by democrats as meaning than Bryan was weaker in November than his party. No one can demonstrate, of course, that any other democrat could have polled a larger vote for president, but the fact was established that Mr. Bryan as the presidential nominee was not able to poll the full democratic vote. No other candidate for president it is asserted, ever fell so far behind the total vote cast for other candidates- of his party. A critical examination of other presidential elections might show this assumption to be wrong, but demicratic members of congress are generally accepting it as true. Already there 13 discussion of possible 1912 candidates, and it is only natural that the democrats who have been elected governors of northern states should come ni for consideration. It is recalled that the only democrat elected to the presidency since the civil war came into prominence from having won the governorship of New York, and a governorship has in other instances proved a stepping stone to the presidency. Governor Johnson of Minnesota, of course, is to be reckoned with, as he had the largest following this year aside from that of Mr. Bryan. Judson Harmon", who won the Ohio governorship, already is being boomed, and Indiana democrats are telling their party colleagues to keep an eye on Thomas R. Marshall, who defeated "Jim" Watson for the governorship of the Hoosier state. Marshall's nomination four years hence, it is declared would make Indiana safely a democratic state, and that would assure a comfortable start toward a plurality of electoral votes. It must not be assumed, however, that there is any disposition to read Mr. Bryan out of the democratic party or out of its councils. It is recognized that he will continue to be an aggressive and influential leader, and it is recognized also that any action in 1912 which would tend to humiliate Bryan would invite certain disaster. No democrat would have the slightest chance of success in 1912 who was objectionable to the great mass of democratic voters who have followed Mr. Bryan so enthusiastically to three defeats. It is believed Mr. Bryan will recognize the fact that, however unwarranted it may seem, there is so great an amount of prejudice against him within the democratic party that he never can attain the presidency, and having been honored three times with the nomination he will join enthusiastically and' energetically In the support of some other man four years from now. No one believes Mr. Bryan Is going to surrender hia convictions either for his own advantage or for the advantage of his party, but if there is sufficient recognition of those principles in the platform of 1912, his fHnds declare he is not the man to sulk. ' ";

A Glimpse at the System United States.

Washington, D. C Nov. 21. Every working day of the year there is printed at Washington an average of more than $3,OUO,000 of new paper money. Every day there is practically the same amount. The presses In the mints at Philadelphia, New Orleans and San Francisco daily stamp into form about $800,000 "of shining coin. We have then a total of almost $4,000,000 new money created every day at the money workshops of the government. But good money cannot be had even by great governments merely for the making. The sources of this great stream of fresh bills and bright coins are carefully guarded. They are governed by fixed financial principles that are above legislation, writes F. A. Vanderlip, formerly assistant secretary of the treasury, in the Youtn's companion, and by laws which congress has tried to frame as nearly as possible in conformity with those higher financial laws which must ultimately govern the currency of all nations. An active printer, with the aid of a young girl assistant, and working on a simple handpress of a type that has hardly been varied since the government began to print money, or, indeed, since one or two centuries before, can turn out SOO sheets of finished bills in a day, each sheet containing four bills. There are 600 printers at work in the Government Bureau of Printing and Engraving, some upon bonds, stamps, or other forms of government securities, but most of them printing money. Among all the interesting sights at Washington there is perhaps none more interesting than the intensely active bureau of engraving and printing. There are 2.9SS employes there, whose experience in handling and counting the sheets of bank note paper and turning out the finished bills has given them a dexterity that is fascinating to see. Of quite as deep interest as the bureau itself would be a study of those principles that are back of this rushing manufactory principles, laws, and

THE REPUBLICAN PARTY AND THE CONSTITUTION

During the late campaign W. J. Bryan seems to have arraigned the republican party for about everything disreputable in politics. If he neglected any phase of dishonesty and corruption it was evidently owing to the range or limit of his imagination. But at no other point of assault doubtless was he more conscious of misrepresentation and injustice than in his charge that the republican party does not represent the constitutional thought of the country. That is absurd and manifestly false; and we hardly expected a stoop so low from even Mr. Bryan, schooled and accomplished as he is in the heinous art of sycophancy. If the republican party does not represent the constitutional thought of the United States, ' then there is no such thing. It came in at the death of the constitution, resurrected and revitalized it and has dazzled the world with its powers. The republican party and the constitution will stand out together forever in history in bold relief and overshadowing proportion. Constitutional power was effectually a nullity before the succession of political parties. Thomas eJfferson questioned it and verbally assailed it, and John C. Calhoun put It to the test. "When a young congressman he forced the issue beween the state and the national constitution. These men are original and the very highest authority on state and national law. Their wisdom and Instruction are canonical. No devotee presumes to question or take issue with them. Their word is law and it is fundamental in the democratic political system. Jefferson and Calhoun are as potential in the politics of the democratic party of today as they were in the same party when alive. And while the democracy endures they will live In its platforms and policies. What contributions did they make to republican government? Did their'party under them make our national constitution an inviolable and supreme law unto all nations? It did not make it inviolable to this nation. Then as a matter of course it validity did not amount to much abroad. Then if the republican party does not represent the constitutional thought of the country .this fundamental mass of intellectuality is in the very sad plight of having no representative. This conclusion Mr. Bryan will no doubt frankly admit for he surely has not the effrontery and impertinence to presume that it has an advocate in the democratic party. And no excepting the short federalist and whig regimes has ever had a whack at the constitutional question. The entire elucidation of ft, covering a century has been made by the leading party of today. One made a. failure of It, so utter ,so dismal, that It was driven from power, di&credlteo ana 4eamae-

Used in Making and Distributing Currency Over Only Two Ways of Scattering Certificates.

regulations which govern with absolute certainty the printing of each piece of paper. . At first glance one piece of paper money looks very much like another. Each is an example of the finest steel engraving, more skillfully made and more difficult to counterfeit than the throes of any other government. There are five kinds of paper money printed. The sort that people are most familiar with is the silver certificate, for almost all the one, two and five dollars bills are that form. They are printed chiefly as a matter of convenience to the public, for the public prefers paper money to the coin. The amount of of paper money outstanding Is between eighteen and nineteen hundred million dollars, and of that amount there are four hundred and seventy-seven million dollars in gold certificates. Although the government prints gold and silver certificates so freely, ther are only two ways by which they may be issued and become a part of the money stock of the country. If any person deposits with the government gold or silver coin, or gold bullion, the government may issue silver certificates for gold coi or bullion; or if any one returns worn certificates, like certificates may be issued to replace the old ones which are in turn being destroyed. Life of Money. A dollar bill has the averago life of about 15 months. Two dollars bills not being so actively used, last on the average more than 10 months. A five dollar bill lives an average of two years before it Is worn out and the government is called upon to replace it. Ten dollar bills last about three years, and twenty dollar bills more than four years. The amount of money that goes to the. government for redemption, either for the purpose of securing fresh, clean bills or for conversion into some other form of money, reaches a total almost too great to comprehend. In 1904 the government received $911,000,000 of paper money to be exchanged for new bills- or. for some other form or denomination. Next to the gold and silver certificates in jpoint of t volume are the. national bank! note's. ,Tney " constitute ed. Its leadership was apostate. The change of parties was on constitutional government, so it is naturally quite different now from what it was when the change occurred. Evidently it isn't worse. It couldn't be that and exist at all. It is infinitely better so far improved that there Isn't a vestige of similarity on which to base comparison. Democratic Policies Disappear. There is no trace now of the handiwork of the democratic party in this government. Its terrtory remains but territory is purely material. It involves nothing animate or vital except as an object of contention. Beyond the measurement of area annexedthere. is nothing in the government suggestive of democratic policies. It is what the republican party has made in spite of the malicious opposntion of all other parties. And there Is no exceptionshrdlucmfwycm there is no objection to it, no criticism upno it, except from its enemies. If there are any sincere friends of constitutional government outside of the republican party why do they not propose theories friendly to the promotion of it?. Not one ol them does it and the democrats in control did all in their power to wreck it. These are truths that appeal overwhelmingly to all inquisitive minds. They supply "the reason why the republican party should never be disturbed in its The operation of the American constitution covers very nearly a century and a quarter. In one sense it is old, in another and higher sense it is not. The democrats are clamoring for a change on the ground of advancement, changing conditions and new environment. The organic law, they claim, needs revising and remodeling to meet the popular t rend of politics. Yet this constitution ha3 given us a government of the people to which civilization affords no parallel or intimation. On this eternal truth the republican party stands. It recognizes that this fundamental law is an organic law. And you can not apply substitution to what is organic and avoid disarrangement, more or less, of the whole structure. The republican party recognizes this vital fact. If that which is regulative of the organism is changed the latter of necessity is thereby affected. This truth Is undergoing exemplification every day In every department of life, and no measure of , exemption whatever attaches to constitutions and governments. There are no legitimate constitutional amendments except those in sympathy or agreement with the spirit of the constitution. The republican party amended it in connection with emancipation. That, of course, was right and according to the intent of the constitution, for slavery within its jurisdictiaa flatly contradicted the whole

the

between one-fourth and one-third of the total amount of paper money outstanding and although they are printed the government's supervision their volume depends souDject to the provisions of the national banking law, upon the judgment of the officers of the national banks of the country. There are 5,833 national banks in existence and their capital forms an aggregate of $S0S,328.058. The law provides that any national bank may issue its notes in the form of money to an amount equal to its capital. There could be, therefore, under the provision of the law a great many more than the present $533,000,000 of national bank notes if the officers of the national banks found it sufficiently profitable to issue their notes In this form. In rder that this kind of money shall bo perfectly secure it has been provided that each national bank wishing to issue notes must deposit with the treasurer of the United States government bonds equal to the notes which the bank proposes to issue. Whenever the bills are worn out new ones must be issued in their place new ones must be issued in their place. Therefore when a new United States note is printed it means only that some other note of the same kind has been worn out and has been sent in to the treasury to be exchanged for a new note. The treasury has no power to issue a single dollar of additional United States notes. It can only exchange new ones for old ones. There remains one more kind of money, and that a comparatively insignificant amount the treasury notes of 1899. There are less than $9,090,000 of them now, although at one time there were $155,000,000. They were issued by the government to pay for silver bullion bought during the time when the law was in force which provided that the government should purchase 4,500.000 ounces of bullion each month. Silver certificates have taken the place of the treasury notes retired as rapidly as the bullion was coined. With all the activity of the bureau of engraving and printing it will be seen from what has been t said that nearly all the work is for the purpose of keeping clean and fresh our supply of paper money." import of the instrument. But since then the republican party has not changed the constitution or suggested that its powers be tampered with. An organic law on which a nation of nearly a hundred million people rises to supremacy seems to be pretty nearly good enough. If the government of a hundred million does not break its force and disclose its deficiencies, it is good for all time. Very clearly this has not been done. The direct opposite is true. The greater the population and the wider its scope the more efficient appears our national constitution. That is a remarkable fact, and it is a tribute alike to its framers and the genius of the republican party. What the fundamental law of a nation mostly depends on for its efficacy is a volume of political policy that coincides in character with it. -In a very especial sense is that true of this country, where policy is so potential. We have shown along the lines of action of both the democratic and republican parties that it is as deep, if not so original, as the constitution. Policy, indeed has either made or unmade the constitution. What is it today? The greatest instrument, said the first of English statement, ever struck off by the hand of man. Did the democratic party ever elicit uch eulogy for it? No; the discovery of its powers was reserved for the republican party. That was the task set it by the pressure of civilization. With what capacious powers of achievement it met this great demand upon it is written in our constitutional history of the last forty years. And that is the world's most notable popular epoch. Constitution's Interpretation Sought. One of the most interesting features of American constitutional history is that it reveals theadaptability and capability of the political parties that made it. When Jefferson launched hisorganization over a Hundred years ago, the people were earnestly seeking that genius or power In politics that would rightly interpret the constitution. That was the appropriate time to do it, bu the failure of the democratic party to divulge the efficacy of the organic law postponed its disclosure until the succession of parties was established. It was the artificial and false treatment of strictly constitutional questions by the democrats that revolutionized politics and brought about succession. The democratic party broke up the goernment of the constitution, which was the only risible evidence of that instrument's constructive character. There was no way to counteract and atone for the disorganizing policy of the democrats, except to supersede It by a strong organizing and centralizing policy. In that alone was salvation. But it Is this great conservative accomplishment that Bryan takes occasion to stigma-

ROGERS BACKS MOVEMENT.

OIL MAGNATE REPORTED TO BE INTERESTED IN PLAN TO LIFT FROM BOTTOM OF OCEAN GOLD BURIED 143 YEARS. Washington, D. C, Nov. 21 .-II. H. Rogers and Alvah Crocker, the Pittsburg paper manufacturer, are said to be anions the stock holders of the Southern Research Company, otherwise a band of young Harvard adventurers, who have set sail for the South seas, bound on a second attempt to recover from the bottom of the ocean a treasure which they hear has lain off the coast of Jamaica for 113 years in the wreckage of a Spanish galleon. R. A. Derby of this city, organizer of the venture and authority for these statements, has sailed for Jamaica after telling of a rival English company now fitting out In England, which it Is necessary to head off. The new American expedition, like the first which met with disaster, Is under the command of Guy Skull of Boston who sailed with a crew fully armed in the three masted schooner command is Roger Derby, who played on the Harvard football team in 1904. He embarked on the Admiral Dewey of the United" Fruit company line, from this port for Kingston, where he will charter a boat and join the schooner at the reef where the treas ure is supposed to lie. The first expedition embarking from this port early in October in the old cup defender Mayflower, ran into a gale which reduced the Mayflower to a derelict on the high seas. The crew escaped only through a chance en counter with a passing fruiter. But the second expedition Is better organized and better equipped than the first. On the first each man was in dependent; now each has signed pa pers making him amenable to military discipline. ' Six. able .seamen. Layman the mate; Edward Pelham and the four Harvard graduates S. S. Boylston of Baltimore. Stephen Noyes of Newport, "Buck" Harrison, and Guy H. Skull, make up the crew. Each carries a .45 caliber revolver; there are cutlasses and carbines in the hold, and in the last few weeks every man of the expedition has practiced target -shooting. This is because trouble is expected and international complications are recognized as possible, even probable. Several attempts have been made by Englishmen to get the treasure first. Now a number of Englishmen have gone to England to enlist capital and legally establish a prior claim to the bank where the treasure is said to lie a claim which the Americans say they have no intention of admitting. They are ready, even eager to fight for their rights. tize, and the explanation of his attitude is that it antagonizes the whole trend of the party's thought and action. The inclination of the republican party.he says is to eliminate the line of limitation that the constitution draws about national power. This of course is a misrepresentation. The purpose of the republican party is not to erase this line of limitation, but to show the liberality and amplitude of it. In the constitution Is provision for the plan and operation of the government, and toward these ends all Its powers are directed. There was no centralizing nation until ordained by the constitution, he forces gathered in the constitution were creative, but they were creative of nothing except the federal government. They did not make states. Nor did they make anything else in the form of political organization except the American republic When you comprehend that you grasp the intent and scope of the constitution. It is ont a law of statehood but of nationality, and it was the need of a great popular nation that called it into being and action. The restriction then that the republican party is endeavoring to obliterate the legal limit of federal power has no validity. The truth of the matter is a dominant political party can not transcend its authority in amplifying the constructive and concentrative qualities of the fundamental law. In doing this it simply aids or empowers the constitution to fulfill its destiny. It was the disregard of tnis truth by the democratic party thta inflicted this country with sectionalism and civil war. And still that party repeats Is utter disregard of it. It is not in sympathetic touch with constitutional law and Is bound to make a wreck of government proceeding from it. Nothing In the field of political action can be tmade satisfactorily successful unle3 the nature and trend of it are duly considered. Here Is where the republican has the advantag e of the democratic or any other party. It sees In the centripetal or conservative powers of the constitution a perpetual and predominant republic. ' Gives Government by the People. The crowning glory of the republi(CoatIxrae4 on Page-Foar.y

Delegates to Represent 20,000,000 Protestant Com- , municants.

SESSIONS IN PHILADELPHIA' PLAN TO FORM GREAT CO-OPER ' ATING COUNCIL OF TWENTYSEVEN DENOMINATIONS AT MEETING IN DECEMBER. Philadelphla, Ta.. Nov. 21. Keprt senting 20,000,000 of communicants in twenty-seven religious denominations, more than 4 delegates will assemble in this city December 2. to participate in the federal council of the Churches of Christ in America. This meeting is regarded aa ths greatest and most representative gathering In the history of Protestant Christianity in this country. Its members have been chosen by ths highest adjudicatory bodies in the denominations to be represented. Among them will be more than thirty bishops, many presidents of universities and colleges, some of the most noted collegians and preachers in ths country, officers in mission boards and other departments of church work and a large number of laymen of prominence. Nearly all those who havs been appointed have signified theip intention of coming to the council. The sessions of this representative body will continue until December 8. "For the prosecution of work that can be beter done in union than In separation" this is the expressed purpose; of the meeting, which is unique in character and which is regarded as certain to prove historic in the annals of American Protestantism. It aims "through counsel and co-operation to avoid the two great faults of Protestantism, overlapping and overlooking. and one of its principal purposes Is to organize the Protestant churches - in, this country so that every section shall be directly under the supervision of Protestant influence. To, Perfect Church System. At the same time It is expected to ef fect an organization that will prevent the establishment and-maintenance of too many protestant churches la a given locality. An effort will be made to perfect a system as thorough and exact as the parish system of the Roman Catholic church. The federal council is the outcome of the Interchurch conference, held ia New Yok in 1903, which adopted tho plan of federation, and set this year as the date for its first convention. Purposes of Council. . During its deliberations the council will consider, among other things, ways and means of effecting the fol lowing specific purposes: ' .. 1. To express the fellowship and catholic unity of the Christian ,church. 2. To bring the chrisian bodies of America into united servico for Christ and the world. ' r ' 3. To encourage devotional fellowship and mutual counsel concerning the spiritual life and religious .activities of the churches. 4. To secure a larger combined influence for the churches of Christ in all matters affecting the moral and social condition of the people, so as to promoto the application of the law ofi Christ in every relation of human life.' 5. To assist in the organization of local branches of the Federal Council, to promote its aim in their communities. , V Following are the denominations) which will be represented. Baptist, Christian Connection, Con gregational. Church of the Disciple, Evangelical 'Association, Evangelical; German Synod. Free Baptist. Society of Friends. Evangelical Lutheran, Mennonite, Methodist Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal (South. African Methodist Epiecopal. African Methodist Episcopal Zion, Methodist Protestants, Moravian, Presbyterian church in thi United States. Protestant Episcopal, Primitive Methodist, Reformed churchi in America, Reformed Church In the United States. Reformed Presbyterian,' Seventh-Day Baptists, United Brethren, United Evangelical, United Presbyterian and Welsh Presbyterian churches. The Rev. Dr. William H. Roberts', former moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly is chairman of ths executive committee of the council, FORGER ARRESTED AFTER SIX YEARS New Jersey Crook Caught in Seattle. Seattle, Wash, Nov. 21. Elliott A. Archer, known In Seattle as C Archer' Carter, solicitor for the Seattle and Tacoma Power company, was . arrested here today by detectives, charged with being a fugitive from justice wanted In Newark, N. J., on ten indictments for forgeries aggregating $7,000!. The alleged offense was committed in rl. His arrest followed the receipt of a , telegram from Newark. T .