Richmond Palladium (Daily), Volume 31, Number 358, 3 February 1907 — Page 4

Page Four.

THE RICHMOND PALLADIUM

Enteral at Rlchnind Pastofflce as ?cond Class Matter

SUNDAY MORNING, Richmond, ind.

The Navy in the East Since the first discovery of the Japanese war scare, a good deal has been said of what is styled the unfortunate policy which has resulted la Uncle Sam having only four armored cruisers, a monitor or two, and some smaller unarmored vessels in the Philippines at the present time. It is pointed out that there is not a single American battleship in Asiatic waters and rather vociferously urged that several vessels of the heaviest fighting type be started toward the Far East at the earliest possible moment. In this connection it may be remarked that the average American Is not a great authority on military or naval affairs. Rear Admiraf Alfred T. Mahan, who has achieved greater fame as a naval critic than any other American of his time, wrote a letter to tne New York Sun the other day which shows quite clearly what he thinks of the proposal to send two or three battleships to Manila to meet the danger of a war with Japan. Admiral Mahan's letter was Intended as a reply to an editorial of the Sun. in which the advisability of the sending of "at least three battleships to the Pacific" was urged. "The Sun," he writes, "says our present fleet arrangements is based upon tho idea that we have more to fear from an attack upon the AtHnUc coast than from a raid on the Philippines.' I do not know how far the Sun speaks from inside information of the government's policy; but it seems to me more reasonable to assume that the Government, under a president who has knowledge of military principles, and advisers suca as the general board, over which Admiral Dewey presides, would reason that to send three battleships to the Philippines would be to put ourselves exactly in the position in which Japan caught Russia; with a navy In the aggregate superior, divided Into two parts individually inferior to the . Japanese navy. Should such a misfortune as war arise with any power able to reach Eastern waters sooner than we, our proposed Philippine . fleet would represent that of Port Arthur, and to the Atlantic fleet, if sent subsequently, would be assigned the role of Rojestvensky. I do not, of course, say that exactly similar results would follow, but only that the situation we should needlessly have created would be the same. Absit omen! "That wo should have a stronghold impregnable as Port Arthur is correct; only, unless adequately manned, it would, by falling into an enemy's hands, enable him to protract resistance should our fleet now concentrated in our own waters succeed ultimately in establishing naval control In the east. The question is one chiefly of naval superiority. For that object. In the present proportions of our navy, the three battleships here are thrice as efficient as they would be in Manila." This is naval policy. The presence of three American battleships at Manila might seem to the unthinking a point of strength la the American naval situation in the far east. In practice. In the event of war with euch a power as Japan, their presence there would be a handicap, instead of a help, to those in charge of the American naval campaign. Confronted by an overwhelmingly superior force, there would be only one thing for these ships to do. That would be to weigh anchor and travel toward a meeting place with the North Atlantic fleet as fast as their steam could carry them. Even the great fortification of Port Arthur could not protect Russia's Port Arthur fleet from the Japanese. In case of war with Japan, Manila Bay, as at present fortified, would be no better than a trap for three or even four American battleships caught there by the tremendously superior fleet that Japan maintains in Asiatic waters. There Is every reason to believe that there will bo no war with Japan. If, as seems apparent, there i3 no real danger of such a conflict, there Is no need for a small number of American battleships at Cavite. If there is danger of such a conflict, a squadron of this sort is Infinitely better off with the main body of the American fleet. In case of war this main fleet would go out to the Pacific under any conditions; and when it went it would be well to have it as strong as possible. Cincinnati Times Star. Out Considerate Senators The reception Senator Beveridge's speech on child labor has received In the senate is illustrative of the consideration a measure for the benefit of the people generally receives at the hands of that illustrious body. Senator Beveridge's child labor bill offers the one way in which tho government can Interfere and stop a system that Is sapping the life of millions of children throughout our country, without interfering with state's rights. By prohibiting interstate carriers from accepting products for transportation that in any way are the result of child labor the government could practically put a stop at once to the nefarious practice. But from the time this bill was first introduced the senate has tried to show in as many ways as possible how distasteful it was to it. The first day Senator Beveridge began his speech the greater part of the members of tho senate showed their interest by leaving the chamber. The second day the senior senator from Indiana was subjected to frequent Interruptions by his colleagues, some of whom attempted to cast ridicule on the bill by making facetious remarks about it. Senator Beveridge, however, unmindful of interruptions has gone ahead with his speech about the child labor conditions which necessitate drastic measures of prevention, and while ho may not be making much effect on a thoroughly rotten and corrupt senate, he Is making an Impression with the people of our country. They see In him at least one senator who has not sold himself body and soul to the criminal corporations, and who will dare to stand up and fight for our rights before the legislative body through which predatory wealth maintains its stranglo hold upon our necessities of life, the senate. In certain quarters tho report has been spread broadcast that the Fairbanks political machine in Indiana is defeating a direct primary law, did so with the express purpose of defeating Senator Beveridge the next time he Is to be a candidate for re-election to the senate. Even If the Fairbanks machine had control of a legislature that would obey its smallest wish, that legislature would not dare defeat Senator Beveridge. The people of this state know him as one of our most honest and faithful senators. A man both hated and feared by the corrupt corporations. A man of the Roosevelt type, square and above board in his dealings with his fellowman. For a Fairbanks machine controlled legislature to defeat this man, would be equivalent to signing a death warrant to the continued life of the machine." The leaders of this machine know this and know that they do not dare put a straw In the way of Senator Beveridge's re election several vears hence.

In 1906 the total exports of raw cotton from the United States were 8,S37.964 bales for $379,903,101, but in 1906 America got $101,005,921 for only 7.000.S56 bales, a gain of 1,227,10$ bales of cotton and S21.040.S17. I The United States supplied Marseilles, France, with 10.11S.922 pounds of the 16.501.4S7 pounds of tobacco which that port received in 1903. according to a report made by ConsulGeneral Skinner. N The simplest way to ascertain the purity of olive oi! is to freeze it. Pure olive oil had the exclusive property of freezing at 3 or 4 degrees above zero, whereas other oils need temperature of 10 decrees below zero. Hooks and eyes are indispensable in women's attire, holding the folds together so neatly without the use of the conspicuous button. There are a number of makes of hooks and eyes, itnd the annual outlay for them is estimated at $610,000.

FEBRUARY 3, 1907

NUMBER 30L France bought 2.020.0S0.996 pounds of foreign-grown wheat in 1903, of which only 02,000 bushels were American grown. In 1906 we did a hundred times better, supplying France with 3,802,333 bushels. .!.- ; n , ; . -1- r . made. Until quite recently it was con sumed principally in this country, too, j ; but now other countries are waking up. For instance, a Glasgow dispatch recently stated that, whereas a few ; years ago Scotland was free from the , chewing gum habit, now a large part ', of the population chews gum. PUBLIC SALE. February 6. five and one-half miles northeast of Richmond, all niv oersonj al property, such as horses, cattle, ' hogs, farm implements, household ) goods, etc. BEN NORRIS. ArtiSCal gas. the :0tn Century fneL 10 tl

THOUSAND MILE TICKETS

MAY BE INTRODUCED These Books Very Much in Demand by Traveling Public If Renewed Will be Sold at Flat Rate of $20, There Being no Rebate. - It Is probable that the Pennsylvania railroad will again introduce the 1,000 mile ticket for $20 which was Introduced some time ago but taken off the western division of the line. The ticket was retained east of Pittsburg. The renewal will depend largely upon the passage of the uniform two cent rate law now being considered by the state legislatures of Indiana, Illinois and Iowa. . According to the statements of an Pennsylvania official at the station yesterday, the 1,000 mile ticket, good for any number of persons at one time, and for all members of a family or the bearer, is proving highly successful in the east and are sold almost as fast as the company can secure the books from the printers. It was thought by the officials of the road that when the fares were reduced to two and one half cents in Indiana j that the legislatures would take no ac-j tion to further reduce the passenger j rates and the books were withdrawn west of Pittsburg, but since everything points to that end the books will probably be again offered for sale. The thousand mile tickets will be sold for the flat rate of twenty dollars there being no rebate. SURE TO INCREASE OUR FOREIGN TRADE Jamestown Exposition to Develop Mercantile Relations of United States. SERVES AS OBJECT LESSON SHOWING TO THE OTHER NATIONS THE WONDERFUL PROGRESS THAT THIS GREAT REPUBLIC HAS MADE. t Publishers' Press.! Jamestown, Va., February 2. From time immemorial the welfare of nations and the expansion of universal commerce, domestic and foreign, has been due In a great measure, to the Impelling power of national and international world's faiis. It may be well to outline briefly the evident stimulus the Jamestown exposi tion will put in action to increase In a general way, the foreign trade of the United States, and particularly that with Latin American countries, and tending futhermore to develop the mercantile relations of the United States. In what we have learned to calf our own western hemisphere, in the prehistoric times of America, fairs were held by the native tribes of Mexico, Central and South America, with the exception, on this latter part of the continent, of the Caribs Guarani and Basilei who, due to their migratory and somewhat nomadic habits, had not yet passed in the sixteenth century beyond the primitive stages of aboriginal barter. The first American Agricultural fair was held in Washington in 1804. that is to say, 103 years go, an I was repeated every six months for a period of years. Since then the fair hns becomea recognized American institution. For the purpose of celebrating the Ter-Centennial of the establishment of the first permanent English Colony in the northern half of the western hemisphere, there will . be held in Jamestown International Exposition from April 26 to November 30 of the present year. A special invitation was extended by the exposition management to the Governments and peoples of Latin America to exhibit their great natural wealth and manufactured products. Of the twenty Latin American republics, fifteen will be represented either by delegations from their armies and navies, or by creditable displays of their natural resources, suitably housed either in special buildings they will erect for this purpose in a certain portion of the exposition grounds, or in separte booths In a convenient section that has been set apart to this effect in one of the exposition buildings. In the same manner as former expositions have stimulated the trade relations of the United States with foreign countries, the Jamestown exposition where all the agricultural commercial and industrial products of the United States will be conveniently displayed by practically all the states of the Federal Union will serve as an object lesson not only to the foreign delegates of tho better cultured classes who will attend tho naval and military celebration, but to all other alien visitors, all of whom will surely describe to their fellow-countrymen the wonderful progress they have seen ' exhibited at Jamestown of the agri-' cultural and other American commT-' rial commodities and the trade pos?ibilities resulting therefrom. The Jamestown exposition had the additional advantage over all former! American world's fair an the fact that within a given radius it Can be , more conveniently reached by a much ' larger number of millions of people, both from the United States and from abroad. All these attendant conditions will

nndo'ibtdlv be conducive to consider able expansion of the domestic and foreign commerce of the United States (Continued On Page Seven.)

The Richmond Palladium. Sunday, February 3, 1 907.

carriers oppose "Rjxiprocal lemirAuE"

No Profit In $1 a Day Charge Railroad Man SaysCars for Trans

portation, Not Indianapolis, February 2. Publication of interviews with members of the legislature on the subject of reciprocal demurrage brought out a reply today from one of the railroads affected by the proposed demurrage legislation. "'Reciprocal demurrage the railroad man said, "is a contradiction in terms. The railroad furnishes the shipper a car, on which, if it is detained more than forty-eight hours, the shipper is charged a nominal rental of $1 a day. For this charge there is a valuable consideration the car itself. "It is now proposed by the reciprocal demurrage advocates that the railroad shall pay the shipper $1 If he loads and consigns a car In twentyfour hours or less a payment for which there would be no consideration whatever. "Why should the shipper, who has no further use for the car, be paid for returning it to its owner, the railroad? No Profit In Demurrage. "There seems to be an Impression that the demurrage charge for cars retained more than forty-e'ght hours is a device whereby the carriers seek to add to their profits in an unfair way This Is far from the truth. The demurrage of $1 a day does not cover the value of the car to the railroad the car loaded and in motion would be worth ten times as much to the carrier. Without a demurrage charge cars would be indefinitely tied up because the shipper would have no object in turning them back into the channels of trade. Railroads do not make money on cars standing still. They earn profits only on loaded cars in motion. "As to the statement that shippers have no relief when, after waiting a long time for cars, they receive more than they can handle in the free time of forty-eight hours, look at the car service rules adopted by the Railroad Commission and put into effect January 1. These rules were framed af ter taking testimony that fills 1,000 IN THE LIMELIGHT. WELCOME "HOME" RUSSELL. Russell Coleman has resumed his former position as porter, at the Star barber shop.- Connersville News. LET 'ER GROW AGAIN SAM. Sam Nixon, the hustling mixologist at William Offutt's place, has surprised his friends by cutting off his fine black moustache. Rushville Star. LEVI 'LL BE, "GOOD" NOW. Lee Shy was up on the carpet before Mayor S6wlng this afternoon and was given ' a' severe reprimand for his "naughty actions" Sunday night. Rushville Republican. JOHN HENRY HAS "RESIGNED." John Henry Frye, who has had charge of the shoe shining department of the W. II. Coers barber shop, severed his connection with that place Saturday night and has left for Indianapolis where he will reside. His place will be filled by Earl Cass. Shelbyville Exchange. LEADING STRENUOUS LIFE. Why Yes, we have grown quite accustomed to street cars in this city at this writing, nine thirty a. ra. we have had exactly four street cars in the city today. Its an old aud accustomed fact, but no less desirable, now. Greensburg Graphic. FORTVILLE SOCIETY NEWS. I. II. Pope was calling on his lady friend, Miss Maggie Wiley, Sunday night. Leon Wiley was calling on his lady friend, Miss Pearl Ponsley, Sunday night. Ira Williams still smokes his little pipe of clay. Fortville Correspondence Hancock Democrat. . DISTURBED YE EDITOR. Our Literary society last Saturday evening was fine if Clauda Abel did want a broom instead of a dish rag. There was some very fine music, Oliver Botkin and daughter, Willie Botkin and Mrs. Cecil Butler sang some very fine songs. The editor read some very fine and interesting items and if the boys had not made so much disturbance it would have been very niucn better. Huntsville Correspondence Winchester Herald. A bridal coach costing $1,800 has been finished by a Bridgeport (Conn.) manufacturer for a liveryman at Pittston, Pa. The vehicle is upholstered, silk curtained, wood carved, gilt trimmed and heart-shaped windows, two large hearts for the dashboard and the rear springs are heart-shaped. Two Cupids surmount the lamps. Some little time ago the Countess of Essex and a few other titled ladies started a laundry, and the venture has now proved to be a great success. Lady Essex has all the charm and independence of spirit that characterizes the women of her native land. Born in America, she was before her marriage Miss Adele Grant, and was, as famed for her beauty and pleasant personal attributues on the other side of the Atlantic as on this. She has most of the tastes of the Englishwomen. She rides and motors. She has her pretty villa on the Riviera; also she has something of that indescribable dash peculiar to her nationality. Young Woman. CASTOR I A For Infants and Children. Tfae Kind Yea Hare Always Bcught Bears the Signature of

Warehouses.

typewritten pages, and after the Com- ; missioned had compared and considj ered the car service rules of every state in the country. The annual res' port of the Commission says that these rules have met with the approval of the shippers, and that the carriers having acquiesced in them, 'they will become, without appeal, the law governing such cases.' Protection for Shippers. "The rule that covers the matter under discussion is No. 4. It provides that when by reason of delay or irregularity of the carriers in filling orders cars are bunched in excess of the ability of the shipper to load within ! the free time allowed by these rules, ; the shipper shall be allowed separate and distinct reasonable periods of free i time within which to load the cars so ' delivered. The same additional allowance of free time is given to consignees who receive more cars than tbey can handle, and added free time j is provided for In Rule 6 when weath- ! er conditions make loading or unloading unusually difficult. "All these rules are solely in favor of the shipper, and amply protect him against the hardship alleged to exist. Commissioner Wood has summed up as foliows the Railroad Commis sion's views on this subject: "The courts have settled that carriers have a right to charge for the use of cars after shippers have been afforded an opportunity to unload. . . . The only legitimate use of cars is transportation. The cars are made for transportation, and not for warehouses. Neither the carrier nor the shipper, because the rights of other carriers and other shippers intervene, has any right to divert cars from transportation, except, of course, the usual necessary time to load and unload them. In this matter the public have rights paramount to these of any individual, and the business of the public carrier must be so conducted as to subserve the general . interest and convenience." OfflCES P0R UNCLE SAW'S LAW MAKERS Washington, Feb. 2. Uncle Sam ' is supplying his lawmakers with offices. Two of the most magnificent ' buildings in the country are being put up by the national government for the exclusive use of senators and representatives in congress. Each will occupy a block and will cost $2,300,000 One of the twin structures will bo for the house, the other for the senate, and they will form detached wins to the Capitol. Heretofore the congressmen havo ' had no regular oiTic es, each ha 3 had his headquarters in whatever lace ! pleased him most, lucre has been no system about the accommodations. Now each branch of congress will have a handsome ofiice building, with uniformed attendants, a post office and telephone and telegraph sen'ic?. Senators Gets Mere Room. The southern building, for the house, will have 29 rooms, ones for every one of the -IK) representatives and 19 for future prowth in the membership. Oa account of tneir sm&i-er number of Senators, in the northern building, will got the better of the bargain in the matter of spac every senator having a room for himself, one for his secretary and a b.ithroom. In designing these con gr:: clonal offices the architects put particular emphasis upon safety from fire, and ine specifications call for 230.000 square feet of terra cotta hollow tile for the building. Thougn only four-stories high, each of them will have as great a quantity of hollow tile brick !n it as many skyscrapers the heicht of which makes fireproofing an absolute necessity. Thus, while the character of Washington architecture demands that the ' buildings be low, thej' are made just as safe as if they were high. Fire will have no chance against them. The exterior of these Capitol wines will be white marble. They will be Connected with the Capitol by arcades lined with ornamental brick and brll liantly lighted by electricity. Features of each will be a rotunda, reaching from floor to roof and canned by a great dome 70 feet in diameter; a caucus room, 86 feet long and 54 feet w'de, and a dining room 65 by 30 feet, : finished in Ornamental plaster. Italy's state lottery took !n $17,000,000 'n a year acd gave back in prizes $9,000,000. Much of the money came from the poorest people. In the year 1615 there wa3 published by Conrad Gesner a description of the black lead pencil. He says that j pieces of plumbago were fastened In ' a wooden handle and a mixture of fos sil substance, sometimes covered with wood, was used for writing and drawing. About half a century later a very . good account of thl3 mineral was given and it was then used in Italy for , drawing and mixed with clay for mani ufacturing crucibles. For a while the ! Jews were the only manufacturers of lead pencils. "Just now the glory of the guinea pig as a family pet is in the ascendant, Eaid a teacher In the primary department cf the public schools. "The other day, Just to keep the children's interest from flagging, I asked them to write down the names of the pet animals in their own homes that they were fondest of. I expected nine tenths of the youngsters to say cats, but there were only six cats in the lot. They were outdone by the guinea pigs, which numbered ten. Four children expressed a preference for dog3. fonr for canaries, two for rabbits, while one old-fashioned girl age nine declared that the nicest pet animal they had in their home was the baby. New York Sur-

PROGRAM IS PREPARED

TEACHERS MEET FEB. 16 Two Aaaresses to Be Detiverea by ' Prof. John M. Coulter, of Chicago University Music by the High School Orchestra. A committee composed of Leroy KImmel, Ora White, and Miss Alice Test, named by the teachers association to prepare a program for a meeting of that organization to be held Saturday, February 16,, met yesterday at the office of County Superintendent Jordan, and the following Is the result of their labors: Music by Richmond high school orchestra. Pro. Will Eaihart. director, followed by devotional services by the Rev. Clarence Case. Lecture "The Mission of Science in Education," by Prof. John M. Coulter, head of the botany department Chicago university. Afternoon Session. Music by Richmond high school orchestra at 1:30. "Some Plant Sociology," by Prof. Coulter. The latter portion of the afternoon session will be devoted to the transaction of regular business. This promises to be one of the most interesting meetings that the association has held for some time. HOT POPULAR WITH PENNSYEMPLOYES Measure tor Uniform Hours of Service by Railroad Men Passed by Senate. CUTS DOWN PAY ROLL UNDER PRESENT CONDITIONS TRAINMEN CAN GREATLY INCREASE MONTHLY EARNINGS BY EXTRA SERVICE. In Bpeamngr of the recent bill pass ed by the senate of the United States which calls for uniform hours of service by all railroad employes in the United States, a railroad official at , the Pennsylvania station yesterday said that the bill was not popular with Pennsylvania employes, saying that as a general rule men were anxious to make all they could and the bill would greatly lower the monthly pay roll of railroad men, especially trainmen Under the present conditions a trainman can increase his pay roll each month from twenty to fifty dollars a j month by working overtime and as the natural result they are loath to part with a system which is so remunerative. Many of the railroad men go Into the service for the financial returns ' possible, with the hope that in some near future they will be able to. by working overtime, retire from the service, hence their universal desire to work overtime. Some few men do not know when to stop when working overtime and as the result they are both unfit for service and within a few months undermine their health. I believe that the railroad officials should have the power to regulate the hours of service as it is a ten to one shot that they know a little more 'about the service than do the senators who are fighting for the passage of the measure. ' There is one set of railroad men which cares nothing whether the bill passes both the house and senate or not and that is the railway mall clerks The pspse"? will in no wise affect their working schedule as they have certain runs to make and if the trains are behind time many hours, the railway mail clerks make the trip and receive no higher remuneration for the'r serves for working over the rMu'red time. On the western rodg in the United States some mail clerks are required to stay upon the road for weeks on l one triD due to snow storms and blocked". They receive the'r monthly watres but receive no overtime for their services. NOTICE. The regular ninthly meeting of the members of Commercial club will be held Tuesday evening, February 5th, at 7: SO o'clock prompt. At this meeting seven directors will be elected to serve for the ensuing year. Ticket Number One. N. C. Heironimus. Walter II. Bates. Henry Gennett. John C. Bayer. A. D. Gayle. A. L. Jenkins. E. J. Humpe. Ticket Number Two. E. C. McMahan. John H. Johnson. Clarence H. Kramer. Adam H. BarteL A. M. Gardner. Ray K. Shiveley. Alfred W- Cregg. WILLIAM E. SCOTT, Secretary. Copra oil used to go into the soap industry exclusively, whereas today several of the moat Important mills in Marseilles are converting thla oil Into high-priced domestie grease, sold commonly as a substitute for butter. Artificial gas. the 20th Century foeL 10 tL

ACROSS ISTHMUS

WITH SHIP RAILWAY An Enterprise Which Will Be Rival of the Panama Canal When Completed. BACKED BY MEXICANS. KNOWN AS THE TEHUANTEPEC ROUTE AND ITS GREATEST FEATURE IS AN IMMENSE SAVING OF MILEAGE. Washington. Feb. 2. (SpU It I seems altogether appropriate that the formal opening of tho Tehuantcpeo ship-railroad across the Isthmus of the ' same name, should have taken placo in the same week that saw the presentation of the greatest appropriation, bill ever offered in congress for tho development of water transportation in the United States. This ship-railway j while it will bo a rival of tho Panama 1 Canal when the big ditch becomes a reality, is backed by the Mexican Government, and Is expected to work wonders in the way of developing tho commerce between the Pacific aud At lantic coasts of this country. Incidentally, the creation of this new trade route has stimulated the whole scheme of rivers and harbors development a policy to which the United States now seems pledged In an effort to care for the rapidly growing commerce of the country. The Tehuantepec route will ;javo 8,000 miles on the Journey from New Orleans to San Francisco, 10.026 milts from New York to San Francisco, via Cape Horn, and 1,267 miles via the Panama Canal. The saving in mileage between European ports and San Fran Cisco is as remarkable; this having being 8.500 miles between Liverpool and the metropolis of the Pacific Coast, via the Cape of Good Hope. In the trade from New York to Yokahama it will save 10,000 miles via Cape Horn or 5,000 miles via Euez. Between New York and Manila the saving will be 1168 niileB over the present route via Suez. Already a New York shipping firm has established lines of steamers, their fleet being equally divided between the Atlantic and Pacific trade, and trans-shipment being made on the railroad that crosses the Isthmus. According to advices received here President Diaz and his entire staff attended the opening of thli big enterprise, one which has been the dream of Mexico for the last four centuries. The establishment of this coast-to-coast service has brought forcibly home to congress the necessity for a most vigorous campaign in the development of the coast harbors of thla country and tho interior waterways. Despite the demands made by the National Rivers and Harbors congres. which for the last flvo yearj ha been urging the Federal government to appropriate $50,000,000 annually for the prosecution of development work, congress has believed that thla work need ! not be pushed any more rapidly than , the work on tho Panama Canal, tlx theory being that the waterways ol j the country might be In readiness to care for the Increased shipping when the big ditch was done. The opening of the Tehuantepec route has caught the country napping and It is highly probable that aggressive English, German, and French export concerns, with their comprehensive shipping fa- ; cilities, will capture tho Pan-American markets that American business men might have had had the Federal government taken the precaution to prepare the way for American trade. Congressman Joseph E. Ransdell, president of the National Rivers and Harbors Congress, Is pointing out .' that while the present bill carries up wards of $83,000,000 for waterway Improvements, nevertheless not mora than $34,000,000, is Immediately available in cash. The difference is appropriated by the present congrest for the continuation of contracts begun this year or under way. The National Rivers and Harbors Congress Insists that not less than $50,000,000 should be available for the Improvement work, to the end that this country may be In readiness to seize upon the trade of South America when the time is ripe. With the Tehuantepec ship-railway In operation, it would seem that the time is already, here, and that the United States will have to adopt the program sugeested by the National Rivers and Harbors Congress if American commerce Is to take its rightful position in the busineea world of the Southern hemisphere. The two-year-old czarovltch of Russia Is a pretty child, tmenvled by every Intelligent mortal, tenderly commiserated, by the whole world. His photographs show him to be the handsomest of the Czar and Czarina's little flock, which s often the case with only sons. He Is said to be a bright little fellow and keenly interested In the military honors with which he Is constantly inveeted. Conversions of Hebrews to Christianity have Increased lately in Germany, "and. says an exchange, ' the Indications are that the mber of converts will grow." A stM'sffc'an h discovered that the loss tin sutaiied by the Hebrews Is e-vmter-balano ed to some extent by Christians gci-.c: over to Judaism. In the year 19'G fiftytwo such cases wero recorded, o which thirty-eight were In Berlin. Dr. Ettore Marchlafava, who succeeded the late Dr. Lapponi as private physician to the Pope, was born fiftytwo years ago at CIvita Veechia and was principally educated in Rome, where he la now professor of pathological anatomy at the university. He is the discoverer of the method by which the Eternal City has been rendered practically free from Roman fever. .