Richmond Palladium (Daily), 16 January 1906 — Page 3

THE MORNING PALLADIUM TUESDAY, JANUARY 16, 1906.

PAGE THREE.

O O O

INDIANA FOLK-SPEECH.

I5y Paul L Haworth and O. O. S.

Publshed in The Indiana Magazine of History, Fourth Quarter, 1905.. In the cities of our State, the schoolmaster, the newspaper and the railroad have, long since wrought such changes from the Indiana of Edward Kggleston, that the English heard in Indianapolis or Ft. Wayne differs but little from the English of New York or Philadelphia. But this can not be said of our rural districts, for there the forces that tend to produce uuiformity of speech operate more slowly. Yet even in the country there has really been much change in the language spoken; and, in view of the rapid extension of electric lines, the growth of better schools, and the increased reading of books and newspaiK?rs, it is probable that the change will be much more rapid in the future. If the old Hoosier dialect is ever to be studied and the results recorded, the work must be done soon; even now it is almost too late. The Hoosier dialect lias never been uniform the Stale over. There have always been local variations, not only in peculiar expressions, but iiu accent. Occasionally there are slight 'differences even between adjoining counties. Particularly marked is the dissimilarity between the folk-speech of the northern part of the State and that of the southern part. The settlers in the north came mainly from New England, Pennsylvania, New York and northern Ohio, and, in consequence, there, exists in the north a strong Yankee twang. Those in the southern part came mainly from Virginia, Maryland, southern Ohio, the Carolinas, Kentucky and Tennessee; and the dialect shows the Southern influence, containing some points of similarity to the negro and the "poor white" or "cracker" dialect. The expression "right smart," as in the sentence: "lie has a right smart chance of corn," is an illustration of the dissimilarity. The expression is. used generally in central and southern Indiana, but is rarely met with farther north. Exact geographical bounds cannot be given to the Hoosier dialect. It does not end with State lines, but extends beyond them into Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan and Illinois, gradualJ.' becoming modified and shading off into other dialects. Much the same may be said in regard to the other dialects extendidng into Indiana.

Doubtless, also, in many Ktates tarther west there are colonies of transplanted Hoosiers, where the dialect is spoken in almost its original purity; Avhile all over the United Stataes expressions of Hoosier birth have become domiciled. The fact is, it has always been true and never more so than in these days of rapid communication and shifting population, that in nothing is the student of folk-speech so liable to error as in assigning geographical limits to a word or phrase. Our local, dialects, as well as the local English dialects from which we get many of our folk-words and phrases, are pretty thoroughly mixed. For example, take the familiar word, "tote," a word which we know did not originate in Indiana, yet which has become a part of Hoosier dialect nevertheless. Most persons, if questioned as to the origin and range of this word, would doubtless connect it with the negro, and certain it is that the negro especially the negro in dialect stories uses the word freely. As a matter of fact, however, the word .was in use in Virginia at least as early a 1677, when there were four times more white bond-servants than there were negroes; there are old, abandoned postage roads in Maine, where negroes were unknown, that went by the name of "tote roads;" and, further-

WANT AND NEED. There's a big difference between what a baby wants and what he needs. Deny him the onet give him the other. Most babies need Scott's rTiulsion it's the right thing for a baby. It contains a lot of strengthbuilding qualities that their food may not contain. After a while they get to want it. Why? Because it makes them comfortable. Those dimples and round cheeks mean health and ease. Scott s Emulsion makes children easy; keeps them so, too.

more, the word "tote" was a common one in England during the seventeenth century. The conclusidn must therefore be that "toe" is not of African origin, nor is its use confined to localities where negroes are found. "Cantakerous" is another Avprd often met with in Hoosier dialect, but

by no means confined to the narrow bounds of our State. Thackeray speaks of a "cantankerous humor." Charles Egbert Craddock (Miss Mur-

fiee) in her story, "The Casting

Vote," puts into the mouth of the coroner the sentence: "He's ez hard-

headed, an' tyrannical, an' pervwse,

an' cantankerous a critter ez ever lived." Even Chaucer makes use of

the Avord "conteke," from Avhich

"cantankerous" is probably derived.

So wide, indeed, is the geographical

distribution of most folk-Avords and

phrases that, while taking the United

States over, one can collect great numbers of colloquialisms, it is ex

tremely difficult to find words or phrases that are confined to a single

lialect. The fact is, the mixing

process nas oeenso eilectiA'e mar

most provincialisms have eeased to be provincial. The Avriters of this article are compelled to confess, and they take no shame to themselves for

so doing, that, in spite of considerable search, they have been unable to

find a single provincialism which

hey Avould be Avilling to assert is at present confined to Indiana alone.

"Wants out" and "wants in," in

such sentences as "the dog wants

out," that is, "wants to go out.

have been pointed out as peculiar to

our Mate. possibly so, tnn tne eli

sion occurs in other phrases, e. g., "they let me in for a nickel," "the

hired man wants off," and is so sim-. pie and useful that its use is proba

bly Avide-spread.

A native of Massachusetts once

asked one of the Avriters about the

Avord "onary," saying he had never

heard it out of Iloosierdom. The Avord is a simple and natural Aariation of "ordinary" through the shortened pronunciation of "ord 'nary," and its present meaning has become, through suceessiAe steps, common, mean, loAV-down. Its use is by no means confined to Indiana.

The Avord "mosey," frequently

heard in such expressions as "He moseyed off down the crick," has the

Hoosier stamp, but it is met Avith elseAvhere. The dictionaries Avhich define it are curiously in error as regards its meaning. According to

them it means to move off quickly, to get out, to light out, to hustle. But in central Indiana, at least, it means to saunter along, to Avalk slowly along, as if with no particular destination in A'iew, and is rarely or never used in the sense given by the dictionaries. Most accounts of its derivation are equally erroneous. One author tells a story of a defaulting

postmaster, named Moses, avIio left

between two days, and he absurdly connects the Avord Avith the name and manner of flight. The word possibly comes from the Spanish impera

tive verb, "vamos," go; i. e., it is a variation of "vamoose," Avhich is so

derived, and which has some of the meanings ascribed to "mosey."

Probably some, if not all, of the

following Avoids and phrases are

more frequently used in Indiana than

elsewhere: "Heapsight," as. in

berous," as in "I felt mighty juber-

ous about crossin' the river;" "jam-

"big ex-

In Indiana it is common to hear "fur" used for tar, "fnhler" for further, "kin" for can, "quare" for queer, "purty" for pretty, "drap" for drop, "seed" for saw, "kinder" for kind of, "sheer" or share, "tuck" for took, "sum pin" for something, J'ole" for old, "biler" for boiler, "shan't" for shall not, "ain't" for am not, etc., "kittle" for kettle, "h'isted" for hoisted, "j'int" for joint, "ruinated" for ruined, etc. It is worth noticing, however, that some abbreviations once looked on as in bad form are rapidly gaining in favor. "Isn't," '"doesn't," "didn't," "I'll," "he'll," "don't," "won't," and some other such Avoids are now jrenerally regarded as permissible in conversation and informal writing. "Ain't," "shan't," etc., are still considered bad. Notwithstanding the admonitions of the grammer-makers, our people in large majority insist on using "lay" instead of lie. More than this, the Avord'ean be found so used by good Avriters. As a very recent example, let me quote from Bret Harte's "A Jack and Jill of the Sierras" (McClure's for July, 1900): "Then eery man laid doAvn again, as if trying to erase himself." Chaucer uses it in the prologue. Robert Louis Stevenson more than once uses "eat" (pronunciation et) instead of ate. Addison says "I lit

my pipe Avith paper.

It's me," or

"it is me," is coming to be universally used instead of "it is I," and the usage is sanctioned by such an authority as Barrett Wendell, of Harvard. The truth is, easAT and convenient expressions, despite grammatical rules and the ravings of purists, are like Banquo's ghost; they will not down. Most persons have heard illiterate neighbors use such seeming eontor tions'as becaise" (because), "jine" join), "bile" (boil), "seed" (saAv),

boree," in the sense of a

time;" "flabbergasted," i. e

hausted; "gargly," i. e., awkward; "1 mind that," for "I remember that;" "bum foozled," i. e., "rattled;" "whang-doodle," as in "Are you going to the Avhang-doodle tonight!" But the individuality of a dialect is,iu fact, far more a result of accent or of pronunciation than of the K)Ssessiou of expressions peculiar to

itself. As has just been pointed out, Indiana has but few provincialisms that a're peculiarly Iter own. But where else than in Indiana Avould one hear the long-'drawn flatness of the "a" in such Avords as "passers," "saft," "pasnips," ets? Or Avhere else would one hear such a sentence as "I SAvum straight acrost the crick, an kep' a-goin' right ahead through the paster, an' clim plum to the top of van ridge OA-er yander, an wuz considerable tired-like eomin down t'other side, but at last got to that air road," pronounced as a citizen of "Iloojxde kyounty, tnjeanny," Avould have pronounced it forty years ago. Perhaps the most marked characteristic of incorrect as compared with correct speech consists in the

scott & bowks, 49 e"i St., New York, abbreviation or contortion of words.

ueai" (line teat . "nst" dust).

"shet" (shut), "chaw"' (chew) and "techy" (touchy.) At first blush these seem hopelessly bad, yet in reality they are but the older forms of the equivalent forms now in use. Pepys quotes a letter Avritten by the

Earl of Leicester, Elizabeth's favorite, concerning the sudden death of Amy Robsart, in which the form "becaise" occurs. Johnson saA's in

his dictionary: "Bile; this is gener

ally spelt boil, but, I think, less prop

erly." Pope and Dryden rhyme

"join" Avith "line," or some such word :

"'Tis not enough taste, judgment, learning join ; In air you speak let truth and candour shine." In fact, "jine" Avas at one time considered the best pronunciation. Shakespeare uses "techy" three times. "River," "deaf" and "chaAv" are good old English AA'ords. Concerning the last, Scheie de Vere quotes the following from a private letter: "The late eloquent Watkins Leigh Avas asked by a friend what he thought of James Buchanan (the President), and answered that he had one serious objection to him, and Avhen pressed to name it, said that

once, when he and Mr. Buchanan were sitting together in the United States Senate, the latter asked him for a chew of tobacco instead of a "chaAv." Evidently Mr. Buchanan "put on a little too much dog" to suit his confrere. The use of cheAv--ing gum threatens to make cheAv the universal term, though the old form still preA'ails among those Avho now and then take a "chaw of tobacco." Numerous other expressions haA-e a better justification than most people Avould guess. The Bible giAes us "Avith the skin of my teeth," Job 18: 20; "clean gone," Psalms, 77.S; a "howling Avilderness," Deuteeronomy, 32:10. "Gumption" and "hustle" are both of ancient use. Shakespeare speaks of a "deck of cards," and uses "fire" in the sense of to thrust out. Gower uses "to let slide;" Ben Johnson, "to swop," and "bulldoze" occurs in Scott. The "them" in such expressions as

"them books" is a survival from the old dative plural, "thaem bocum." Fielding uses "limb" for "leg." (To be Continued.

BABY COVERED WITH SORES

RAILWAY TIME TABLES. ,

Would Scratch and Tear the Flesh Unless Hands Were Tied Wasted to a Skeleton Awful Suffering for Over a Year Grew Worse Under Doctors Skin Now Clear.

WOULD HAVE DIED BUT FOR CUTICURA.

"My little son, when about a year and a half old, began to have sores Coma out on his face. I had a phy

sician treat him, but the sores grew worse. Then they began to come on his arms, then on other parts of his body, and then one

came on his chest, kworse than the

others. Then I called another chA'si-

cian. Still he grew worse. At the end of about a year and a half of suffering he greAv so bad I had to tie his hands in cloths at night to keep him from 6cratching the sores and tearing the flesh. "He got to be a mere skeleton, and was hardly able to walk. My Aunt advised me to try -Cuticura Soap and Ointment. So great was her faith in it that she gaA-e me a small piece of Soap to try and a little of the Ointment. I took it home without any faith, but to please her I tried it, and it seemed to diy up the sores a little. "I sent to the drug store and got a cake of the Soap and a box of the Ointment and followed the directions, and at the end of about two months the sores were all well. He has never had any sores of any kind since. "He is now strong and healthy, and I can sincerely say that only for your most wonderful remedies my precious child would have died from those terrible sores. I used only one cake of Soap and about three boxes of Ointment. (signed) Mrs. Egbert Sheldon, R. F. D., No. 1, WoodVille, Conn, April 22, 1905." Complete External nd Internal Treatment for Every Buraur, from I'iinplra to Scrofula, from Infancy to Age, Consisting of Cuticura Soap, 25c, Ointment, fic.. Resolvent, 50c. (in form of Chocolate Coated Fill. 25c. per vial Of 60), may be had of all druggists. A single set often cure, hotter Drug A Chenu Corp., bole Props., lio.ton. Btfj-ilaiJt! t ree," Uow to Cure Baby liujuora."

SUNDAY EXCURSION .11. RATES .in

VrIA

X Dayton & Western J

Dayton and Return, Eaton and Return, - :

f 1.00 .50 4

Tickets at above price will be eold 4 every Sunday until further notice.

The Diamond Cure. The latest neAvs from Paris, is, that they have discovered a diamond cure for consumption. If you fear consumption or pneumonia, it will, however, be best for you to take that great remedy mentioned by W. T. McGee, of Vanleer, Tenn. "I had a cough for fourteen years. Nothing helped me, until I took Dr. King's NeAv Disco A-ery for Consumption, Coughs and Colds, which gaA-e instant relief, and effected a permanent cure." Unequaled quick cure, for Throat and Lung Troubles. At. A. O. Luken & Co.'s drug store; price 50c and $1.00, guaranteed. Trial bottle free.

Personally Conducted Tour to California. Exclusively first-class tour under the auspices of the Tourist Department, Chicago, Union Pacific & North-Western Line; leaves Chicago Wednesday, February 7th, spending the disagreeable portions of February and March in the land of sunshine and flowers. $350.00 includes all expenses, railway fare, sleeping cars, meals in dining-cars and hotel expense. Service first class in every respect. Itineraries and full particulars on application S. A. Hutchinson, Manager, 212 Clark St.. and 120 Jackson Blvd., Chicago.

Often The Kidneys Are Weakened by Oyer-Work. Unhealthy Kidneys Make Impure Blood. It used to be considered that only urinary and bladder troubles Avere to be

traced to tne kidneys, but now modern science proA-es that nearly all diseases have "their beginning in the disorder ot these most important organs. The kidneys filter and purify the blood that is their Avork.

Therefore, Avhen your kidneysare Aveak or out of order, you can understand how -juicklv vour entire body is affected and

Iioav every organ seems to fail to do its

iu.v. If you are sick or " feel badly," begin taking the great kidney remedy. Dr. Kilmer's Svanip-Poot, because as soon -:S vour kidneys are Avell they Avill help ill the other organs to health. A trial will co"ince anyone. If you are sick you can make no mistake by first doctoring your kidneys. The mild and the extraordinary effect of

Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root, the great kidney remedy, is soon realized. It stands the highest for its wonderful cures of the most distressing cases, and is eold

on its merits by all druggists in fifty-cent and one-dollar size bottles. You may

ha e a Sample bottle Home of Swamp-Hoot.

by mail tree, also a pamphlet telling you how to find out if you have kidney or bladder trouble. Mention this paper

when writing to Dr. Kilmer & Co.. Einghamton, N. Y. Don't make any mistake, but remember the name, Swamp-Root,

Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root, aud the address, BLdghamton, N. Y. , on every bottle.

( In Effect No a 26 th, 1905.) . . CINCINNATI AND CHICAGO DIVISION. , Arrive Westward " Depart ....Kich and Logan Ac. Ex...... 6 45 am 11 10 am. .... .Chicago Specialjj ......... .11 15 am 12 30 pm Cin Mack Express ...... 4 35 pm Cin and Logan Ex .... 4 53 pm 7 10 pm...... Cin and Rich Ac Ex...... 11 00 Cin a-ad Chi Mail and Ex....ll 15 pm Eastward 4 05 am Southern Ex 4 15 am ......Rich and Cin Ao Exj 7 00 am 9 43 Km Logan and Cin. Ex 10 10 am 3 50 pm Chi and Cin Special; .... 3 55 pm Rich and Cin Acc 5 20 pm 5 15 pm Logan and Rich Acc. COLUMBUS AND INDIANAPOLIS DIVISION. Westvtrd. St. Louis Limited!! 5 00 am 5 00 am capital Ex 5 10 am Ht. Louis Express i 10 15 am 10 00 am Cols and Ind Ac ExJ 10 20 am 1 15 pm St Louis Ex ' 1 20 pm 9 00 am .-Col., kich & Indols Ex.l ... 910 pm St. Louis Special 12 10 am Eastward. 1 10 am Pittsburg Special! 5 10 am Eastern Mail 5 15 am 9 45 am Ind and Col Ac Mail and Ex . . . .10 15 am 9 50 am New York Ex 4 50 pm Keystone Exj 7:15 pm Atlantic Exlj 7 30 pm 9 00 pm New York LimitedJI 9 10 pm Ohio andVa Ex .... ... 9 15 pm DAYTON AND XENIA DIVISION. Westward. 12 05 am :. St Louis pecial ....M . . 4 50 am Sf. Louis Limited 11 00 am .....Xenia and Rich Aec 10 55 pm.... Sprg & Rich Mail and J.. 10 10 am Pitts., Sprgfd adn Rich Mail and ExJ Eastward. Pittsburg Special .....115 am ' j Rich, Xenia & Spfg, Acc J J 5 20 am . ; , m. Rich, Xen acc 3 52 pm New York Exl 9 55 am ! Keystone Exjj 4 55 pm .' ..... New York Limited!! 9 05 pm GRND RAPIDS AND INDIANA RY. Southward. 3 15 am Mack and Cinail and ExJ... 9 42 am Ft. W and Rich Mail and-Ex 3 40 pm Mack and Cin Mail and Ex .. 10 15 pm Sunday Ac

Northward , i . .Rich and G R Mail and Exjj . . 5 40 am Michigan Ex . . ' t. .... 12 50 pm ....Cin. & Mac Mail & Exp .11 10 pm - IIDailv. Sunday only. Daily except

IV m - Sunday. All trains, unless otherwise indicated, depart and arrive daily, except Sunday 0. W. ELMER. Pass, and Tick. Agt

. 1 l

C. C. & L. Time Table

(Effective Sept. 24th.)

EAST AND SOUTH. No. 3 Daily. Leaves Richmond 9:05 a. m.

Leave Cottage Grove 9:50 a. m. Arrive Cincinnati ..11:30 a. m.

No. 1 Daily except Sunday. Leaves Richmond 4:00 p. m.

Arrives Cottage Grove 4 :40 p. m.

Via C. H. & D.

Leave Cottage Grove 4:59 p. m. Leave Oxford 5:14 p. m.

Leave Hamilton . . . .5 :35 p. m.

Arr. Cincinnati ....6:20 p. m.

No. 63 Sunday only

Leave Richmond ....7:45 p. m. Arrive Cottage Grove8:35 p. m.

Via. 0. H. & D.

Leave Cottage Grove8:43 p. m.

Leave Oxford 9:01 p. m. Leave Hamilton ....9:30 p. m.

Arrive Cincinnati . .10:30 p. m.

No. 2 Daily. ViaO. H.&D.

Leaves Cincinnati ....8:30 a. m. Leaves Hamilton .....9:10 a. m. Leave3 Oxford .......9:32 a. m.

Arr. Cottage Grove ..9:48 a. m.

Via. 0. 0. & L. Leav. Cottage Grove 10:10 a. m. Arrives Richmond . . 10 :50 a. m. No. 4 Daily. Via. C. 0. ft L. Leaves Cincinnati ....5:20 p. m. Leave Cottage Grove 7:03 p. m. Arrive Richmond ..7:45 p. m.

NORTH AND WEST, No. 2 Daily to rru

Leaves Richmond . .10:50 'a.. Leaves Muncie 12:10 p. Leaves Marion ..... 1:25 p. Leaves Peru ........ 2:25 p. Arr. North Judson .. 4:20 p.

Daily except Sunday to North Judson No. 4 Daily-

Leave Richmond ....7:45 p. Leave Muncie ......9:03 p. Leave Marien ......10:03 p. Arrive Peru 11:05 p.

No. 1 Daily except Sunday. Leaved North Judson 10:20 a. m.

Leaves Peru . . ..... .12 :25 p. Leaves Marion...... 1:25 p. Leaves Muncie ..... 2:32 p. Arrives Richmond . . 4 :00 p.

No. 3 Daily. Leaves Peru ........ .5 :40 a.

Leaves Marion . . . . . . .6 :40 a. m. Leaves Muncie ......7:40 a. m.

Arnvtts Richmond ...9:05 No. 63 Sunday Only. Leave Peru ... ... . .4 :30 Leave Marion 5 :30

Leave Muncie 6:30 Arrive Richmond . . . .7 :45

For Rates or Information

regarding connections inquire of 0. A. BLAIR, Passenger & Ticket Agent. Home Telephone 44.

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criticism: Of late the magazines and daily papers have had much to say by way of critizism of certain life insurance companies, and especially with regard to the legal organizations of such companies, and of the manner of their control. Th'eee criticisms do not apply to The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company of California, but demonstrate the truth of the assertion that "for policyholders The Pacific Mutual has the best legal organization." It is not controlled by 1 or 2 mD having no pecuniary interest or responsibility save as policyholders or recipients of salary, but i is controlled by a Board of fifteen Directors, not mere dummies, but stockholders in their own right, holding s largv amount of the Compan's stock, and policyholders as welL The Directors of the Company are men of high financial gjj commercial standing, and are by law made responsible for the acts of the Officers of the Corporation. For Full Particulars, etc, Call on H. MILTON ELRODE. General A gnt fori Eastern Indiana. Room 3. Vaughan Building. RICHaOND, INDIANA.