Rensselaer Union, Volume 10, Number 50, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 29 August 1878 — Page 2

The Rensselaer Union. ®gt', RENSSELAER, • INDIANA. kt .

General News Summary.

r M > WAMmmM. Tb« Penoton Office received, up to the 18th and since the passage ol the act of March 9, granting peuaioua to the soldiers and widows of soldiers Who served fourteen dava in the War of 181% 23,000 claims filed under the act, and ft was thought that at least 2,000 more claims of a similar nature might yet be presented. Those pensions were being showed and paid at the rate of 1,500 to 2,000 per month. It was stated, on the ITtli, that See - ? Rehms had prepared rules for the guidance of settlers desiring to locate homesteads on the Pacific Railroad land grants under his recent decision that such lands were opeu to settlement. The Pacific Railroad, through counsel, requested to be allowed a bearing against the decision before the regulations were promulgated, and the Secretary gave them until the 2fith to file their arguments. This action on the part of the company was considered to be an indication that they intended to fight the Secretary’s decision, at every stage of the proceedings which might be taken under it. Im reply to a recent question as to whether he anticipated war with the United States, Senor Zamacona, the Mexican Minister at Washington, replied: “By no means. President Diaa la very anxious to preserve friendly relations with the United States, and is doing everything in his power to put down lawlessness on the border, but the Mexican Government is like this country—lt cannot at all times keep perfect order in outlying and sparselysettled States.” It Is authoritatively stated, by the Washington Rational RqnMican ot the 19th, that Voters in the Government Department* in that city will be granted the usualleave bf~ absence to attend the elections in their several States.

A sncuL telegram from Washington, oh the 31 st, to the Chicago Tribune says the President had settled upon a policy as regards the Hio Grande border difficulties with Mexico, to the following effect: Raiders are to be pursued with increased vigor When they retreat to Mexican soil, and punished, when caught, and the troops engaged in such pur suitswill be increased from time to time. While not seeking a conflict with the Mexican regular forces, the commanding officer of the pursuing parties will not avoid one it such forces interfere. While on Mexican soil, the pursuing forces will strictly confine themselves to the single object of their expedition, and take the Utmost care to give no offense or cause of complaint to the Mexican authorities. No offense is meant to the Mexican Government, the design of the United States being simply to pnnish depredations upon the rights, property sud lives of ttsCitiienA Nothfnp which may occur on the south side of the Rio Grande, as a result of the execution of this policy, will be accepted by the Administration as an immediate cause of war between the two countries, but if the Mexican regular troops shall cross the river, in retaliation for these measures, a came MU may be construed therefrom. There were 11,472,500 of the new standard silver dollars coined, up to the 10th of August. Of these. 1,373,013 had been placed in circulation, leaving 10,079,487 on hand in the Government Treasury. A Washington telegram of the 23d says the demand for these dollars was slowly but steadily increasing.

THE EAST. Johm A. Leet, a recent witness before the Potter Committee, took a room at the Astor House, in New York, on the evening of the 18th, and shortly after fired a bullet from a pistol through the door of his room, and raised a great hue and cry? On officers bursting open the door of the room, Leet fired at them twice, but they finally overpowered him. He was terribly excited, and said there was a conspiracy to MU him on account of his testimony before the committee; that he carried a private memorandum book with him containing some additional startling testimony, and it was this book they were after. Leet was taken to a Police Station and locked up. He swore at everyone, and denounced all as part of a band of conspirators. Hewastaken before a Magistrate, on the morning of the 19th. charged with disorderly conduct, and exhibited the same symptoms of insanity that bad characterized his conduct the night before. He was finally committed to the charge of the Commissioners of Charity and Corrections, with a view to an examination of his mental condition, which examination was had, on the 30th, Mid resulted in the decision of the physicians to have the patient transferred to the Bloomingdale Asylum, as he was laboring under acute mania. He was still boisterous and irrepressible in conversation, and violent in demonstrations. A roWDBR magazine at Pottsville, Pa, containing LIOO kegs of powder, was struck by lightning on the 17th, and an explosion followed, with terrible effects. Several buildings were demolished, and a gap fifty feet wide

was made in a neighboring wood. Of a picnic party there assembled, three persons were killed and several others were injured. A max named Dye} a Public Administrator in California, and an employe of his, named Anderson, have recently confessed to the murder of a friend of the former—a wealthy fanner—for the, purpose of securing the legal commission (about $3,200) which would accrue on settling up the estate of the deceased. Dye and Anderson charge each other with being the original tempter. The crime was committed by Anderson and a confederate, Dye assisting them in getting to and from the murdered man’s ranch, about sixteen miles below * Sacramento. __ Tm Democratic State Convention of NewYork has been called to meet at Syracuse, on the 35th of September. C. C. Martin i* the Greenback candidate for Governor in Vermont; J. W. Currier for Uuutenant-Govcrnor, and Fletcher Tarble for State Treasurer. At Hartford, Conn., on the 33d, the noted bone Rarus made three heats 1n'2:15, 2:18% and 2:lß%—the fastest three consecutive heats on record. Goij> closed in New York, on August 23d, at ICO%. The following were the closing quotaWheat, H-H%@1.12; No. 2 Milwaukee $M4%@1.15; Oats, Western, 25@33c_ Corn, Western, Mixed, 44@49c. Pork Mesa, *11.87%. Lord, *7.50. Flour, Good to Choice, *[email protected]. Winter Wheat, ssßo® b-50. Cattle, *7.(X>®lo.oo for Good to Extra. Sheep, *3.50@4-87%. Hogs, Hoo@4-50. At East Liberty, Pa., on August 23d, Cattle brought: Best, [email protected]; Medium, *4.75 <85.00; Common, *[email protected]. Hogs sold— Yorkers, *4.00®4 25; Philadelphia*, Hso® 4.80. Sheep brought [email protected] to qualify-

At Baltimore, Md. on August 23d, Ca£Ue brought:‘Best, *5.«)@5.25; Medium, ♦362% Hogs sold at *[email protected] for Good. Sheep were quoted at [email protected] for good. _ t • ' 1 w«*»t aGirim. Tu Secretary of (be Pullman Palace Car Company, Chicago (C. W. Angell), is said to be a defaulter to the amount of 8130,000. He Jv»OE Marks has been nominated for Governor by the Democrat* of Tennessee, on a platform which demands the unconditional repeal of the Resumption act; that no mere bonds be ipued; that the tf*.

tional Banking act lie repealed, and greenbacks be substituted for the National' Bank circulation; that Treasury notes lie made receivable for all Government dues; that all loans required by the Government be raised by the issuance of non-lnterrat-bearing Treasury notea, etc., etc. A Sax Antonio (Tex.) special to the Galveston R’eut of the 20th says that, on the night of the 10th, Col. Young, with a battalion of Cavalry, crossed the Rio Grande, surrounded Newtown, and, early in the morning, charged the town for the purpose of capturing the notorious stock-thief, Arcola, tut he had fled. The Alcalde of Newtown was induced to accorn|>any Col. Young to this aide of the river, when he stated that Arcola stole cattle from Texas for a living, ami took them to Mexico and sold them, the regular Mexican troops I*elng the purchasers, the Mexican officers knowingthem tol>e stolen. The Alcalde also gave information Implicating high Mexican officials in the robl»eries. Owing to high water, part of McKenzie's forces failed to cross, and the trail of the stock laiing obliterated, Col. Young’s command was forced to return. |

The suspension of the First National and the Quincy Savings Banks, of Quincy, 111. (both under the same management ), was announced on the 19th, causing great excitement in the city. The cause assigned is the insolvency of a large manufacturing firm of the place. Dennis Kearxey, the self-constituted champion of labor in California, spokein Cblcago, on the evening of the 20th, to the workingmen of the city. He gave a history of his exploits in behalf of the interests of lalmr In his own State, and predicted that the organization of workingmen would carry toe next election in Massachusetts. He offered resolutions, which were adopted, indorsing toe California war-cry that “the Chinese must go.” Since the appearance of the disease in that city up to noon, on the 20th, the total number of cases of yellow fever reported in New Orleans was 1,355; deaths, 390. For the twenty-four hours, ending at the same time, there were KXi new eases and forty-one deaths. General alarm prevailed, on the 20th, in many Southern towns, where no fever had yet appeared, and people who could were fleeing from their homes. The disease had broken out at Port Gibson, Miss. There were fifty new cases and twelve deaths reported in Memphis for the twenty-four hours ending at five p. m., on the 21st—being an increase of over 100 per cent In Vicksburg, during the same time, there were fifty new cases and twenty-two deaths. The fever was raging as bad as ever in Grenada, and the negroes were Ireing attacked by the fearful scourge and rapidly dying. Assistance was greatly needed. Jackson, Miss., and all adjoining towns were nearly deserted by the people, who had fled for fear the fever would visit those localities. New cases in New Orleans, 107; deaths, forty. Contributions in behalf of the afflicted communities were being rapidly raised and forwarded from Northern and Western cities. There was no abatement of the disease at any of the infected cities, on tbe22d. Several negroes, in Vicksburg, had been attacked by the fever; fifty new cases and ten deaths were reported. In Memphis the new cases numbered fifty-one; deaths, ten. The ery for help still continued, from all the aflljcted localities. A dispatch from Dr. Veazy, of Qgenada, on the 23d, says the fever there had assumed a milder form. The disease was steadily on the in crease at Vieksburg, and at Memphis the Board of Health had declared the fever epidemic, and advised all to leave who could do so. The total deathsln New Orleans, up to the 23d, amounted to 534. A man died at the New York quarantine hospital, on the 23d, of yellow fever, contracted while unloading a cargo o! logwood. ; A terrible nitro-glycerine explosion occurred at Negaunee, Mich., on the 21st, resulting in the instant death of four men, who were in the employ of the Miners’ Powder Company, at whose works they were, at the time of the accident, engaged in > the manufacture of glycerine. The bodies of two of the victims were mutilated past recognition, and the debris of the company’s works were scattered over a large area. James Him. (colored), formerly Secretary of State of Mississippi, has been appointed Postmaster at Vicksburg, in place of ex-Sena-tor Pease. Ox toe Bid, the Tennessee State Republican Convention met at Nashville and nominated Hon. Emerson Etheridge for Governor. The platform relates mainly to State issues. In Chicago, on August 23d, Spring Wheat No. 2 closed at 95%@96c cash or August, and 91%c for September. Cash Corn closed at 38Xe for No. 2; 38%e for September, 38%c for October. Cash Oats No. 2 fold at 21Xc; 21Jjc seller September. Rye No. 2,48 c. Barley No. 2, (New) .81.04 for cash, *I.OT for September (New.) Cash Mess Pork closed at 89.75. Lard, 87.20. Beeves—Extra, 85.00(35.50; Choice, 84-00(34.8-5; Good, 84.00(34.80; Medium Grades, [email protected];‘ Butchers’ Stock, [email protected]; Stock Cattle, etc., 82.75(33.25. Hogs brought 84-00(34.70 for Good to Choice. Sheep sold at [email protected] for Poor to Choice.

FOKKIfiX INTEUieKNCX. During the second ballot for Member of Parliament, at Hasburg, Hanover, on the 18tb, the Socialists and Guelphists incited a riot, which required soldiers to quell. One man was killed and Several wounded. According to a Rome (Italy) dispatch of the 18th, the Papal Secretary of State had decided to suspend, for the present, all negotiations looking to the re-establishment of diplomatic relations between the Vatican and Great Britain. Ox the 17th, news was received from Chili that all the banks in the country had suspended specie payments in consequence of the drain of gold by the Government to carry on the war with the Argentine Republic. Many banks had failed. Cattam, Morton Jc Co., heavy Lofidon West India merchants, have lately failed for 81,500,000. According to Madrid dispatches of the 19th, great misery and anarchy prevailed in Morocco. Tat Congress of Industry and Commerce met in Paris, on the 20th, the President of the Paris . Chamber of Congress acting as Chairman.

According to Vienna dispatches of the 21st, hostilities between Turkey and Montenegro had again broken out- The Austrians had taken possession of the Bosnian capital. Prince Milan has issued his proclamation announcing the independence of Servin’ and the reduction of the army to a peace footing. Rome dispatches of the 21st say it was reported and believed there that Cardinal Franchl, late Papal Secretary of State, died from the administration of poison. Annol’Ncemknt is mad* of the death of Maria' Christina, ex-Queen of Spain, and mother of cx-Queen Isabella. She died at Sainte Adi esse, France, on the 23d, aged seventy-two years. . < r ” ? - Leon Bat announced, in the Monetary Conference, on the 22d, that. Germany had de dined, with thanks, the invitation to participate tn the Conference. After discussing the question of the demonetization of silver) the Conference adjourned for ode week. It was stated, on the 22d, that the Grecian Minister of Foreign Affairs had returned to Athena, with assurances that the Powers would support toe etahn* of Greece againrt Turkey. James Virtve&Co., publishers, of Ixnniou, suspended on the 22d. Liabilities, estimated at about *1,000,000; assets, nominally, 81,750,000. Vienna dispatches of the 23d car that orders had bpeq issuetj. for the formation of a , second arpv, cotfsteting of 180,000 men, to

operate against Servla in toe event bf war, and to complete toe occupation (It Bosnia. The Servians were massing their troops near 'Uranga, on the frontier. Ox the 28d, the Montenegrins, according to a Raguss dispatch, were endeavoring to shell the Turks out of Podgoritza. A strike of the weavers and winders In thirteen cotton mills at Radcliffe, Eng., against a reduction of pay, occurred, on the 23d. About 3,500 looms were Idle, and several hundred more were expected to stop when the notices should expire.

THE TOTTER INVESTIGATION.

Before the Committee, on the 19th, John A. Leet and his apparent insanity were discussed. A dispatch was received Jrom Gov. Kellogg denying several of Leet's' statements, and stating that, for several months, he had been an importunate offioe-lieggar. Mr. Kelloggsaid that any statement that Packard and himself, or leading Republicans, ever took into their party councils, would l>e received with derision in LonixiAlHL Gen. Butler called attention to his request made daring the preceding week, regarding the failure and refusal of Senator Stanley Matthews to appear before the Committee. He now moved that the fact of his service with a subpoena and his failure to come before the Committee Im- entered on the minutes, and that this Committee report him to the Honan for their action. Mr. Potter said that he had lost sight of Butler's motion, but remembered it, and would sustain it now. He put the resolution to the Committee, and it was unanimously carried to report Senator Matthews to the House as being in contempt. - Maj. E. A. Burke appeared before the Committee, on the 211th, and stated that the highest Tilden Electoral vote was 88.869, and the lowest Hayes Elector received 75.240, a difference of 8.619. The witness con Id not give the vote for Nicholls exactly, but he had a majority of 2,000 votes. The Returning Board threw out some 10,000 votes to count in the Hayes Electors. "In the campaign of 1874,” said the witness. “we were cheated out of the election results by this same Returning Board of 1876. There was no change in their actions or principles. They

were as arbitrary and unjust in 1876 as ni 1874. Our apprehensions were increased by telegrams passing from leading Republicans all over the country to these leaders in l.odisiana, and showed us that they would sustain their men in any action that they took. The Ixmisiana men got desismdent after toe election, and about gave it up. but when these telegrams commenced and the visiting statesmen arrived, their spirits aroused, and they never seemed to falter from that out. The inauguration of Gov. Nicholls tisik place before some 50,000 persons, and the Senate and Assembly were at once organized. They took possession of everything except some small space filled and occupied by Packard." Witness went to Washington on the 15th of January as Nicholls" agent to secure non-intervention by the Federal troops, and got an order to that effect, from Gen. Grant, on the 2d of March. He did not know that that order was the result of a conference between Grant and Hayes. The people of Louisiana were not in favor of the Electoral Commission, lietause they thought if Hayes was recognized, it would logically follow that Packard was also elected. The witness f urther said: “When the hope of seating Tilden, whom we knew to be elected, passed away, on the 16th of February, we were ready to confer with Hayes and see what he meant doing for Louisiana. Among some of the promises made to Senator Matthews were the suppression of crime, the education of the blacks and whites, the promotion of friendly relations between both, and equal civil and political rights. The education question of black and white together was not discussed between Matthews and myself. Nothing was said between Matthews and myself about the Returning Beard. We offered these guarantees for the Nicholls Government.” He and his party friends agreed to stop opposition to counting in Hayes. They were assured by PresidentGrantthat after the count was completed the tusips would be withdrawn. He said to Matthews that while he was assured tiiat President Grant’s assurances of President Hayes’ policy were well intended, vet he wanted these assurances from such men as Garfield, Morton ana others, whom he regarded more than Hayes. Matthews said he i-ould not answer for them, and witness said. “Then we will place your party in such a position that they must speak.” Witness meant thereby that his people wuyld join the filibusters and prevent Louisiana and South Carolina being counted for Hayes. Witness further said there were but two phases of the negotiations hr this thing, Cameron’s and Matthews' phases; that he made the same proposition of agreement to Cameron as he did to Matthews on the 18th of February, also to Foster and other leading members of the Republican party. After the j resolution by Congress deciding not to interfere with the Louisiana count, there was no hope for a Republican administration, except some arrangement was made with the Democrats of Louisiana. Witness had a conversation with Hewitt, and he said the Democrats were determined to put the odium of the fraud on> the shoulders of the Republican i>arty. The Republican party were well aware of their determ inatiou to break up the count. Witness- had talked with the President on the 26th of February, and was informed that he would not do anything to, prejudice the RepuMiuan party. and would not act until the count wav-de-clared f>r Hayes. “ Grant allowed us virtually to take possession of the State. We acted on tun intimations and he submitted to them.” Mx. Ellis, of Louisana, received a letterfrom Senatoo f Lamar conveying to him (Ellis) information ' which he (Lamar) deemed authentic, that Hayes ' had promised to recognize the Nicholls Government on certain conditions, and witness was informed of the contents of the letter, a copy of which witness furnished the Committee. The witness continued: “ Mr. Ellis proposed a conference in the room of the Finance Committee of the Senate, and there were present at it Matthews, Dennison. Sherman, Foster and myself. I showed them the guarantees which the Nicholls Government were willing to make. Sherman expressed anxiety about the Senate, and remarked that if the Nicholls Government were at once recognized, two Democratic Senators Would also have to be recognized. It was finally agreed to call on Grant and urge him to remove the troops, as such request would do away with his expressed fears of doing anything to embarrass his successor's policy. As I was in the minority in that conference, it being four to one, I suggested a conference in the evening, wires other parties, representing the Democratic side; could" be present. It was 1 who suggested tbr conference. It was held in Evarts room, buthe was not present. There were present Sherman, Gait field, Foster, Dennison. Matthews, Ellis, Watterson and myself. We discussed the whole sons dition of affairs.” At this point the Committee adjourned.

Maj. E. A. Burke was recalled, on the 21st, and stated that by mutual agreement the friends of Hayes were to visit Grant to learn his views on the question of establishing the Nicholls] Government, bat nothiag was said about any Commission. Mr. Hayes and others had told witness that the troop* would be withdrawn. The Foster letter of Feb. 23. containing the basis of a guarantee, was the only written memorandum between the conferees. Witness denied that he had told anyone that Mr. Hayes in person had authorized guarantees or assurances. The remainder of Maj. Burke’s testimony was mainly an elalxiration of that produced before the Sun-Committee at New Orleanp. The testimony of Maj. Burke was continued, on the 22d. Witness stated that the census of 1875, for New Orleans, was fraudulent, and the negro population increased by 25,000, in the interest of the Republican party. The State was carried by Nicholls, by a majority of 9,000, and for Tilden by about 8,000 majority. The intimidation of voters, if anything of the kind occurred, was the work of Republicans. Witness further stated that the rulings of the Returning Board were unfair and partial, and uniformly against the Democrate. Witness saw Anderson, Sherman and Stoughton in a restaurant, in New Orleans, but did not see them talking together. In an interview with Anderson, the latter had offered witness to furnish him with the documenta to prove that there was a Republican conspiracy to throw out the five bull-dozed parishes, provided the Democrats would give him 84.900 cash m hand, and 81,000 after the count was declared. Witness accepted the offer, and the documenta would have passed, only that the money waa not forthcoming. Witness then derailed at length the circumstances attending the Wonnley conference, his testimony being substantially as given before the Bub-Committee at New Orleans. The Republican parties to that conference were willing to abandon Packard if they could strengthen their waning power in the Senate.

W. E. Home, of Texas, on being asked if he sent a dispatch to Gov. Young, of Ohio, on the 26th of February, in relation to the President's action in respect to Louisiana affairs, and received a reply thereto, declined to answer, as he acted in the capacity of legal adviser. Readmitted receiving a dispatch from Gov. Young, stating that Hayes would soon be in Washington, etc. He declined to say whether he called upon Hayes on his arrival. W. E. Horne was recalled on the 23d, and announced his readiness to lay his telegrams and letters before the Committee as soon as he could get them. Maj. Burke was recalled, and testified further as to his connection with Louisiana affairs. He considered, he said, all the acts of the Returning Board illegal, and the Board itself an illegallyconstituted body. None of the' Packard Legislature were allowed to beqome members of the Nicholls Legislature who were elected by minority votes. He declared the report of the visiting statesmen to theßenate that the Nicholls Government was founded on bloodshed and riot to be emphatically untrue. Witness presented a telegram from W. E. Home, saying that “ Hayen was firm,” etc. An aminyinousletter purporting to give an account of'dissensions in the Cabinet over the Louisiana troubles and indicating the course of the President was presented. Witness refused to name the setter. He stated that Senator Matthews bad repeatedly told him that Senator Morton would sustain the President's policy and would make a tp»ech on the subject Witness said that fre and, hi* friends construed the Presidept'* policy—the withdrawal of the troop*—to mean the ot the Packard ‘' i<r “' ■ -

Government, ana anyone with a particle of sense would reach the same conclusion. 'Die friends of the Nicholls Government did not make any secret of their intentions in respect to the Packard Government. Many qneettons were pmftounded by Gem Butler to the witness rah a view of hading oat why South Carolina whs demanded, as well as Ismiaianh, and What was guaranteiii in return by Bouth Carolina for overturning the Chamberlain Government For answer to these questions, w itness referred the Committee to Mr. Watterso*, and added, parenthetically, that no sane man ever doubted the election «f Hamilton. A dispatch was read from Gov. Young, of Ohio, authorizing Mr. Horne to testify to all he know* of his (Young’s) connection witbihe master under inrratigatfon. and also one from Geo. Gibson, denying the allegation of Maj. Burke that he liad consulted with Gen. Bhernian in relation to Ixmisiana affaire.

THE LABOR INVESTIGATION.

The Congressional Labor Committee resumed its semion in Now York, on the 21st. W. Godwin Moody, of Boston, was the first witness. He said he could not discover that there was any conflict in the theory between capital anil lalior, but he found tiiat there was an artificial conflict between them, growing out of a misconception of the relations between them by Ixith parties. The direct cause*, he thought, were that the tailoring clas-es could not understand whv tin- capitalists could tie in atll nenes and they in poverty. He had no sympathy with the hostility against capital on the part of lalxir. One was. to a great extent, dependent on the other. He believed that in Massachusetts they were living in as much harmony as they could in the present condition of things. Witness continued at sopie length, but even under crowM'xamination nothing practicable was stated. Herliert Radcliffe. Agent for the Business Improvement Society of ltot4on. advocated a reduced tariff, and submitted statistics regarding trade in Massachusetta. Prof. Sumner; Professor of Political and Social Science in Yale poJlege, was the first witness, on the 22d. He directed attention to the fact that within the last few years the means cf transportation and communication became greater, and by these means overproduction was the consequence, and had ms»de a revolution over the whole world. He said that when the Suez Canal was first opened, goods came much quicker and canned a glut in the English market —new goods accumulating on each of the old—but this glut had now been overcome. Within the last quarter of a century there had lieen a great improvement in machinery of all kinds, and. taking the accumulated effect of these machines, they must produce a temporary set-back. This effect would reach everybody, for the effect that machinery would have would be to cheapen luxuries, and bring down things to the poor classes which a century ago they never thought of. Machinery had been a great good to the masses, thowgii in cases of individuals and classes it had woraed then: evil. If the United States had had a free.tariff in 1872, tiie country might have been able to compete with England when the coal and iro» trade was being carried on to a great extent. The laborer in the United States, at the present time, is not haying as good a time or as good subsisteiice as the laborer in .England. In this country there were twelve people to the mile, and in Belgium there were 460 persons to the mile, and the latter lived fairly. He did not think a revolution would cause a change in this respect. The people of the whole country, since 1873. had been trying to solidify and settle their accounts. During the last five years many persons had accumulated capital by reducing expenditures. He thought legislation could do nothing for this stagnation in labor. Every person must work along the best way he could. We had heard a great deal lately about overproduction. When there was this disproportionate production, witness thought it was due to the protective system. The tariff congested population in some districts to where it would not otherwise nzve been attracted. The only way to remedy this waa the redistribution of people among the industries of the country. This redistribution was going bn under its natural laws. He was not in favor of the Government colonizing lands, but found no fault with private orgauiartions doing so from a spirit of benevolence. The only way in which the Government could assist the noncapitalist in the accumulation of capital was to give the greatest amount of privileges in using his liberties and energies for production, and by removing the restrictions on trade and leaving him free to profit by the fruits of his industry. Prof. Sumner spoke for a long time, and was listened to attentively. William E. Dodge, iron merchant, appeared in his official capacity as President of the National Temperance Society, and claimed that the use of intoxicating liquors waa one of the causes of the present condition of the laboring cla«ses. This distress in tabor might be relieved to some extent by the modification of the tariff, and action of the Government in the matter of resumption of specie rayments. He never knew capital to be so abundant as now; but there was great difficulty in using it jn business. Another factor in alleviating this distress would be legislation in the matter of the liquor traffic. Other officers of the National Temperance So ■ciety appeared, after which the Committee adjourned.

Hor ace White was called by the Committee, on the 23d, and stated that he had studied the financial question, and had paid a great deal of attention to it when he was a journalist and since he retired from journalism. He thought , the present commercial crisis is only one of a series that have occurred among Nations for the past 200 years, and they have been preceded by nunpant speculations. In 1873 he thought speculations in railroads had a great deal to do in !. causing the depression which existed. There was enormous speculation in lands all over the •country. The prices of real estate multiplied beyond anything in the recollection of the witness. The obligations incurred by the building of these railroads and the purchase of real estate caused rmany parties to become insolvent. The condition of the currency had not increased this state of things, the witness thought. He found that ttiese periods of crisis came upon Nations, no i satter whether the currency was gold or paper, llhe speculative era which existed from 1869 to 1873. the witness thought, had something to do with the present condition of affairs. Over-pro-duction by machinery had contributed to decrease business, by producing more than there was a demand for, and prices fell accordingly. He did not think that the introduction of machinery bad produced this speculative era and the collapse which followed it. He did not think that a protective tariff would raise the wages of the working people. It might raise the price of some of the commodities to be bought. Protective, tariffs 1 would stimulate some branches cf business and lead capital to some extent into it. Witness said be did not think the wages of the laboring classes had been decreased by competition between countries in producing and exporting. The . wages of the laboring classes had been greatly increased during the past 200 years. About the middle-men question,the witness said that a great many of these had been driven out of business, and went into bankruptcy because they were unnecessary. He said that business was injured to a great extent by a protective tariff. It stimulated some manufactures, if it was properly laid down. The accumulation of capital has been so irreat that we had to go elsewhere to spend it. had more capital than we could employ. The limitation in the hours of labor should not Ire made the subject of legislation. The main object of the Government was to prevent murders, robi'ieries and all deeds of violence. An abridgement of the hours of labor would transfer a part of the wages of the employed to the unemployed, Every legislative attempt to transfer capital from the nch to the poor has resulted in thin way—that the rich became richer and the poor poorer. He aid not think that the proceeds of the sales of the public lands could be - used by the Government for colonization purposes. He did not think the surplus population in cities would be content to live on lands in the West, and did not suppose that they could be drawn there with a yoke of oxen; and,- if taken there, they would not stay on the lands. The witness thought the working classes would be better off under free trade than under a tariff system. Charles F. Adams, Jr., of Quincy, Mass., was called, and spoke of railroad construction, and said excessive construction led to the present depression in business. '1 he railroad manager had nothing to do with the construction of railroads, and so had nothing to do with causing the depression. He did not see how legislation eould help or remedy the present depression. The railroad system was engnped in a ruinous competition, and this led to two points—one was violent fluctations and discrimination against localities. He thought this could only be remedied by equalizing rates and fares. He doubted if it would be advantageous to have the Federal Government apply remedies to railroad troubles. He thought the manner in which |he English railroads were run would soon be adopted in this country. That manner was “bands off. Let the railroads take care of themselves, and consolidate on any measure they may desire. The Federal Government could not supervise the railroad rates; at least it could not be done at present. He was of opinion that Federal supervision of railroads might be cautiously begun in a short time. If any change had taken place in the power of railroads over legislation within the post few years 'he thought it had slightly diminished. He was not prepared to say that the establishment of Government Commission to supervise railroads would alleviate the depression in labor. He did not suppose it would be feasible for the Government to purchase railroads or become possessed of them. Witness stated he believed Mr. Ven derbilt would have done better to have only at - tended to local business, and left the through business to take care of itself.

A wag of a pickpocket was arrested in Washington, a day or two ago for practicing Ms art on one of the foreign Legations. “ What have you to say in Salliation of your offense?” asked the udge. “ I did it in pursuance of aduty, sir.” “By what process of reasoning do you arrive at that conclusion F’ “Well, sir, we deem it to lie purely in the line of our rob legations.”— Yonkers (N. K) Gazette. a . Farmers' daughters should be taught to be good housekeepers, while their sons are taught to be good husbandpien.—Jf, Q. Picayune,

■IMtELLAMEOUS ITEMS. _ ' child. • ( i -Who ever rend a »wallow-tale Or wore a coat of arms? Who ever aaw the water pale Or gave great fall* alarm*? \ • —The prayer of the newspaper: •‘Give us this day our daily be-read.” —So live that when thy summons come—you won’t fear the Constable who serves it on you. —A man's own good-breeding is his best security against other people’s illmanners.—Chesterfield. A stupid number—Asi-9.—Phila-delphia Bulletin. A stupider number —Asser-10.— Jf. K Graphic. —lt is said the Sultan has pledged his jewels for 160,000 rifles, which have been ordered from America. —There are times when the patient housewife grows weary of sewing for others to rip.— N. 0. Picayune. —ls it cost anything to go to church, people who never go now would run around like wild men for free passes.— Puck. When people are thoroughly tired they can only become rested after they have retired. —Great Britain looks upon Beaconsfield’s recent achievements as a sort of Re-Cvprus-ity treaty.— Boston Commercial bulletin. —According to the New York .Express, it is the boy on top of a molasses hogshead who sings, “Oh, for a thousand tongues.” —Young man, don’t undertake to forge your uncle’s name to that note, for it may a-forger ample time to regret,— Yonkers Gazette. —Thousands of boys would go dirty all summer if it were not wicked and dangerous to bathe in the nver, says the New Orleans Picayune. —A man in Detroit has recently invented an apparatus for arresting and extinguishing sparks. Are the girls going to stand that? —“Even the.<worm,” observes the moralist, “will turn when trod upon.” True, but we have noticed that it generally turns flat.— Burlington HawkEye.

—Last winter an old lady remarked, indignantly: “If the bills before Congress are not counterfeit, why should there be such a difficulty in passing them?” " . —What is the difference between a man in a’bus and one Ju a passion? One rides in a stage, and the other strides in a rage.— Chicago Com. Advertiser. —No man has been able to explain why it is that a man feels he is more likely to get up in time in the morning by keeping his watch or clock half an hour tot. —“ How much did you pay for that hat?” asked an old colored person of his fellow tramp. “ Well, I don’t know, for when I bought it there wasn’t anybody in the shop.” —There isn’t as much fuss made over the inauguration of a boy’s first pants pocket as there is over the laying of a corner-stone, but there are more things put in it.— Fulton'Titnes. —Grant told the King of Norway that he thought the Norwegian women were the prettiest he’d seen, but the old man told the General that he wasn’t using softrsoap this year.— Boston Post. —The same backac he which makes a ooy howl when he’s digging potatoes wreathes his face in smiles when he slips off the back way to the picnic. Boys are curious insects. — Bridgeport Standard. —A woman saves her old love letters just to see what a fool her husband made of himself. There’s no use of a man doing this—he can see it every day he lives, without reading over any letters.— Chicago Times. —An English boy was beating a donkey unmercifully, when the minister of that parish, coming up, censured him for his cruelty. The boy resentfully /etorted; “I’m sure you needna care, it’s nane of your congregation.”

—“Who has seen a bald-headed woman?” asks the Inter-Ocean. We have; no doubt a good many persons have; but unhappily the woman succeeded in killing them before they had a chance to tell of it.— Buffalo Express. —We don’t know that any man ever owned an umbrella for two years. That is, the same one. If there is anysuch man in the country, we should be § leased to receive bis name and adress, not necessarily for publication, but merely as a guarantee of good faith. We think he would be a curiosity, and would, moreover, be quite an acquisition to some traveling show. Beside, we should like to borrow his umbrella. —Puck. * —The young man was evidently honest in his intentions, but three years of constant courting had failed to overcome his excessive bashfulness. They were sitting in chairs at a respectful distance apart. Said the young man, having spent five minutes in search of a subject: “ How do you get along with your cooking?” “ Nicely,’' replied the young miss; “I’mimproving wonderfully. I can make splendid cake now.” “ Can you?” said the young man, in a pleased manner. “What kind do you like best?” “llike one made with Hour and sugar and citron and raisins and currants, and lots of those things, and beautiful frosting on top,” responded the young miss. “Why, that’s a wedding-cake,” exclaimed the young man, nervously. “I meant wedding,” said the young miss, shyly. They are published.— Rockland (N. F.) Courier. -

How Birds Fly.

You will find, if you carefully examine a bird’s wing, that all the bones and muscles are placed along the front edge, which is thus made very stiff and strong. The quill feathers are fastened in such a way that they point backward, so that the hind edge of the wing is not stiff like the front edge, but is flexible, and bends at the least touch. As the air is not a solid, but a gas, it has a tendency to slide out from under the wing when this is driven downward, and of course it will do this at the point where it can escape most easily. Since the front edge of the wing is stiff and strong, it retains its hollow shape, and prevents the air from sliding out in this direction, but the pressure of the air is enough to bend up the thin, flexible ends of the feathers at the hinder border of the wing, so the air makes its escape there,! and slides out backward and upward; The weight of the bird _iu_a.ll the time pulling it down toward the earth; so, at the same time that the air slides out upward .and backward past the bent edge of the wing, the wing itself, and withit the bird, slides forward and downward off from the confined air. It is really its weight which causes it 1

to do this, so that the statement that a bird flies by its own weight is strictly true. This is true, also, of insects and bats. They all have wings with stiff front edges, and flexible hind edges which bend and allow the air to pass out, so that flying is nothing but sliding down a hill made of air. 2k bird rises by flapping its wings, a/Id it flies by falling back toward the earth and sliding forward at the same time. At the end of each stroke of its wings it has raised itself enough to make up for the distance it has fallen since the last stroke, and accordingly it stays at the same height and moves forward in a seemingly straight line. But if you watch the flight of those birds which flap their wings slowly, such as the woodpecker, you can see them rise and fall, and will have no trouble in seeing that their path is not really a straight line, but is made up of curves; although most birds flap their wings so rapidly’ that they have no time to fall through a space great enough to be seen. Birds also make use of the wind to aid them in flight, and by holding their wings inclined, like a kite, so that the wind shall slide out under them, they can sail great distances without flapping their wings at all. They are supported, as a paper kite is, by the wind, which is continually pushing against their wings, and sliding out backward and dbwnward. thus lifting or holding np the bird, and p.t the same time driving it forward. The birds are not compelled to face the wind while they are sailing, but by changing the position ,of the wings a little they can go in whatever direction they wish, much as a boy changes his direction in skating by leaning a little to one side or the other. Some birds are very skillful at this kind of sailing, and can even remain stationary in the air for some minutes when there is a strong wind; and they do this without flapping their wings at all. It is a difficult thing to do, and no birds except the most skillful flyers can manage it. Some hawks can do it, and gulls and terns may often be seen practicing it when a gale of wind is blowing, and they seem to take great delight in their power of flight.— St. Nicholas for September.

Skulkers to the Front.

It, has been well said, in response to the most familiar argument against universal suffrage, that far more harm is wrought to this country by the indifference of the educated classes to their political duties than by the abuse of the ballot by the ignorant classes. The reason why the voter who cannot read his ticket is able to do harm is that great masses of men who are capable of performing in the best manner the functions of citizenship, year after year refrain from participation in political movements. Many persons of Hi is class will not even take the trouble to vote; and a larger number who do vote refuse to exert their influence within their parties for the selection of proper candidates and the enunciation of just principles—lt is because of this spiritless and unpatriotic neglect that demagogues are able to achieve so much. In such a State as Massachusetts a worthless and disreputable "political tramp, like Ben Butler, could not possibly becom<Va formidable power if the best citizens were active in the performance of the duties which they owe to society and the Commonwealth. He and his friend Kearney depend solely for their successes upon the lowest classes of voters, whom it is worth while to cajole and flatter because, under present conditions, they are the real power in the land. And thus the respectable people of Massachusetts who accept the theory advanced by Mr. Charles Francis Adams, that politics are almost tdo unclean for a decent man to touch, may possibly perceive, as a result of their neglect, Mr. Benjamin F. Butler sitting in the place of Gov. Andrew, ana crowning with dishonor a State which has never had, and has not now, a lack of pure and able atfd honest public men. If the Republican party throughout the country has any peril to encounter in the campaign upon which, we have now entered, it is from this source; for as a rule the indifferent classes give to that party whatever political allegiance they confess to. The mass of the men who exact such reform as will insure just administration of the Govern ment, are Republicans; and it is among these that we find men who are so engrossed with the affairs of business, or else so disgusted with the operations of partisan machinery, that they neglect politics as completely as, if they lived under a despotism, and were ruled instead of ruling themselves. It is perhaps 1 use less to base an appeal to these persons upon any theory of duty, for it is already perfectly obvious to every man of sense that a man who is a citizen of a government of the people has imposed upon him a sacred obligation to use his share of the general authority to give that Government the direction which he conscientiously believes to be right. But the indifferent Republicans may be stirred to activity by realization of the fact' that their assistance is positively necessary to avert calamity. ' There need be no attempt to disguise the truth that if the Republican party hopes to win in the coming election it will have to rally its last man to its standard. The Democrats have lost more than we have by the Greenback defection; but, unhappily, there is a strong probability that the Greenback vote in many cases will go directly to the Democratic candidates. If the Republican party shall poll for its nominees the vote of every man who still gives to it his fealty, there can hardly •be any doubt that we shall sweep tl«e field. But if there is to be the clistom-

ary neglect, the usual refusal of busy and careless men to appear at the polls, and the common failure of the best classes of citizens to give their money and their influence openly and liberally in behalf of our cause, our chapces of winning the day must be very poor indeed. There is going to be a big fight and a desperate one, in which the enemies of the principles and policies which are dear to the hearts of the honest and the wise will beat the slums for recruits, and poll the vote of every blockhead and every rascal who holds the franchise only to abuse it. The country* of course, is pot going to destruction if we are beaten, and the party will not tumble to pieces; but we imagine that few wise men can contemplate with feelings of pleasure the prospect that will be presented if the Democrats get things into their hands. If the Democrats obtain control of the next House, and shall secure controLof the Senate, there will not only be some very ruinous work done in behalf of thousands of Southern claimants, but there may possibly be revolutionary treatment of the Presidency, whfte there wilt certainly be an arbitrary exercise of power in behalf of the Democratic aspirapt, if the nex‘. Presidential

election shall happen to be so close that it shall go to Congress fqr final action. Since the war there has been no occasion when Republican supremacy in the State Governments and in the House of Representatives was demanded so imperatively by the highest interests of the country; and at such a time the Republican voter who lags in the rear and is a skulker instead of a fighter is guilty, if not of a form pf treason to his country, at least of a very scandalous neglect of a high patriotic duty.— Philadelphia Evening Bulletin.

“The Bargain Fully Proved.”

[Time, yesterday; place, bank room in CiutomHouae; dramatis ntrsome, Potter-Butlcr-Hick*-Andemon Committee and Col. Roberta, witnew.] Butler—Who are you. anyhow I Roberts—l was a Confederate soldier and afterward a Confederate editor in New Orleans. Potter (sub voce)—Hah! Now. we shall have the facts. Butler —Well, what did your party in Louisiana want in 1876! Roberts—We wanted the Democratic candidates put into the State offices, whether we .Inaugurated Tilden or not. Potter (rubbing his hands) —This is danining evidence against Hayes! Butler —What did you dot Roberts—] was instructed to feel of Hayes, and see how he felt Potter—Hah! Aha! Hallehiilah! Thisthis is turpitude! Butler—Col. Roberts, were you invited by Gov. Hayes to visit him? [At this point breathless silence prevails; it is so still that Congressman Stenger can.be heard picking bis teeth wlth-a quill; Potter, so anxious that he really suffers, raises ills pen toward Heaven ready to record the answer, and manages to gasp, “ Speak! On your sacred oath, did Hayes send for you?”! Roberts (calmly)—Ho did not. Hewitt (aloud in the audience) —This is damning evidence against Hayes. The meshes of fate close around the usurper! (Cheers.) Butler—l understand you to say that Hayes did not send for you. You went to see him voluntarily. Roberts —I did. Butler (aside to Potter)—l don’t see how Hayes is going to get out of that. Butler (to witness)—Had you any reason to suppose that Hayes wanted to see you ? Roberts—No; but I wanted to sec him. Hewitt (aside) —If this don’t show that Hayes is a usurper, what does it show ! Butler—Did Hayes consent to receive you? Roberts—He did. Butler—How long did he talk with you,' Roberts—l stuck to him all the afternoon. Whenever he made a move to go, 1 got between him and the door. Butler—Who did the talking? Roberts—l, mostly. He spoke three or four times.

Butler —What did you say ? Roberts—l asked him, In ease you are President of the United States, what do you propose to do respecting the State Government of Louisiana? Butler—Well, what did he say? Roberts—He wanted to close the interview, but I stuck to him. He finally said— Butler (interrupting vehemently)—Well, said what? said what? Hewitt—What did he say'? This is a terrible exposure of"official corruption—terrible! Roberts—Why, Hayes said, then, if I remember right, and lam sure I do —I swear it"! —he sidled around and remarked that- very nearly bis words —that— Potter (slamming on his desk with his cane and upsetting an inkstand on Butler’s white pants)—Ob! you infernal ass! WHAT did ho Roberts—He said he meant to be “fair and just.” Butler—He said that, did he? Potter—ls it possible that he could have made such an infamous pledge ? Butler—What else did he say? Roberts—He said he didn’t want the Presidency unless he could get it honestly. ..Hewitt—Horrible! Horrible! Such proofs of fraud and usurpation! Potter—l didn’t think it was as bad as this. *«*♦ ■ « * * .Butler (to these promises of Hayes to be honest and fair you understood him as pledging himself to drive the Republicans out of office and install Democrats, without regard to the popular vote ? Roberts—We so understood it. Potter—Tlie solemn and dreadful revelations of this day are too important to be marred by the intrusion of any other witness. The committee will now adjourn for meditation. [Adjourned. After which Butler retired to another room and sent a colored man for a pair of pantaloons, meantime anathematizing Potter as a “blankety-blank awkward old clumsy head.”] — N. Y. (Jra/ihic.

INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS.

—ln the Fifth Virginia Congressional District, Mr. Miller is a candidate for Congress and his son-in-law, Mr. McKenney, is a candidate for a clerkship. They hold different views on the currency question. At a recent meeting McKenney interrupted his fatherindaw; the old man resented the interruption; McKenney stooped to pick up a rock, but the old gentleman caught up a shot-gun and nearly blew off his left shoulder.

—A Willimantic (Conn.) girl, employed in a thread factory, wrote her name and the words, “Wanted, a husband,” on a spool recently, and when it had been wound with thread it was sent to a South Norwalk shoe factory, where it fell into a Ridgefield man’s hands. He began a correspondence; the girl replied that she was engaged, but would find him another as good as she, and a marriage has just taken place as a result of the spool’s message. —As Jacob Landis, of Erwin, N. Y,. was twisting a wisp around a sheaf of wheat, the other day, a large rattlesnake sprang from the straw, directly toward his face. The farmer mechanically threw his hand out and caught the snake around the neck, just in time to prevent its fastening its fangs in his nose. He held the snake firmly in his hand and called for aid. A companion ran up and cut the serpent’s head off with his scythe. The rattlesnake had wound itself so tightly about Landis' bare arm that a broad red mark on the flesh showed every coil. The snake was three and a half feet long and had nine rattles. —A Norwich man saw, the other evening, a swallow whose actions reminded him of a cat’s playful antics with a mouse, The bird was in pursuit of a gaudily-colored butterfly, and as it'chased the tiny insect over the house-top and through the tree-boughs, the observer noticed that as often as the butterfly was caught by the bird it was ejected from its mouth, and the chase, with all its features of hot pursuit, cap*ture and escape, was repeated a score or more of times. At length the bird, tired of its sport, descended on the insect with a swoop, caught it in its beak and quickly devoured it. — New Haven Palladium.

—A strange accident occurred to-day on the Springfield, Jackson & Pomeroy Narrow-Gauge nekr Bainbridge. The train which arrives at Bainbridge at noon remains thirty minutes for dinner. To-day was left standing on thb track as usual while the engineer and fireman went to a house about 100 yards distant to get their meal. They had been gone but a short time when a man named A. Pepper pulled the pin connecting the engine with the trajn, climbed into the cab, and pulled the throttle wide open. The engine shot ddwtTthe track like an arrow until it reached a curve about a mile distant, when it jumped the track, rolled over on its side, and became a complete wreck. Pepper was instantly killed. What his motive was for so strange a deed is a mystery. He had at one time been a well-to-do farmer, but had squandered his means by dissipation. Some of the citizens think he chose that as a method of committing suicide; others, that it Was a halfcrazy, half-drunken freak-— Cincinnati Dispatch. <