Rensselaer Union, Volume 10, Number 45, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 25 July 1878 — The Treaty Adopted by the European Congress. [ARTICLE]

The Treaty Adopted by the European Congress.

London. July 14. The following is the substance of the articles of the Treaty of Peace concluded by the Berlin Congress: Art. 1. Bulgaria w itonstituted an autonomic tributary Principality under the Suzerainty of the Sultan, with a Christian Government and National militia. Art. 2. The Principality in limited on the south by the Balkans. Art. 8. The RUM shall be elected by the populati.m and confirmed by the Porte and the Powers. No member of a reigning European dynasty shall bo the Prince. In event of a vacancy a hew Prince will be elected under the same conditions. Art. 4. The plan of Government will be prepared by an assembly of nobles convoked at Tirnova, before the election of the Prince. The rights of Turks, Roumanians, Greeks and others will be taken in account in whatever relates to the election or the Government. Art. 6. The following shall form the basis of the public law of Bulgairia: Distinction of religions belief lor confession shall notoi>erate against anyone as a reason of exclusion or incapacity in what concerns the enjoyment of political rights, admission to public employment, functions, or honor, or the exercise oidifterent professions and industries. Liberty of publio profession of all creeds shall be assured to all the returned population of Bulgaria, as well as to strangers. No trammels shall be imposed on the hierarchic organization of the different communions, or their relation with their spiritual chiefs. Art." 6. Until a permanent organization la completed, Bulgaria shall be governed by a Provisional organisation directed by Prussian Commissioners, who will be assisted by delegated Consuls of the Great Powers. Art. 7. The Provisional Government shall not be prolonged over nine months, by which time the orgnnic Government shall be settled and a Prinoe elected. Art. 8. The treaty of commerce, etc., between the Porte and others regarding Bulgaria remain in force. The people and commerce of all Powers are to be placed on a footing of equality. Art. 9. The tribute to the Porto shall be settled by the signatory Powers at the end of the first year of the new organization. Bulgaria shall bear a part of the public debt of the Empire. Art. 10. The Principality shall cany out the existing railway conventions between AustroH angary, Servia and the Porte. Art. 11. The Ottoman Army shall evacuate Bulgaria. All fortresses shall be destroyed within n year, and new ones shall not be erected. Art. 12. The Mussulmans who removed from the Principality can retain their real property by allowing it to be administered by third parties. A Turkish-Bulgarian Commission shall be engaged two yean with the regulation of all matters regarding the transfer of State properties and the religions foundation. • Art. 13. There is formed south of the listkans the Province of Eastern Koumclia, under tflhdirectpolitical authority of the Sultan, having administrative autonomy and a Christian Gov-ernor-General.

Art. 14. Fixing the limits, is missing. Art. 15. The Sultan shall fortify the frontiers, keep troops there, employ no irregulars nor quarter troops on the inhabitants. Internal order shall be preserved by a native gendarmerie and local militia, in the composition of which account shall be taken of the religion of the inhabitants where they arc stationed. The officers are to be named by the Sultan. Art. 16. The Governor may call on Turkish troops if security is menaced. Art. 17. The Governor shall be appointed for five years by the Porte with the assent of the Powers. Art. 18. A European Commission shall determine in three years the powers of the Governor ; also the judicial, financial and administrative requirements of the Province. Art.«l9, 20 and 21. Provide that all international arrangements applicable to Roumelia be continued in force and insure religious liberty. Art. 22. l'he Russian army in Bulgaria and lfoumelia shall not exceed 50,fXK>. Tbey shall begin to evacuate the territory m nine months, three months being allowed them to complete the evaonation. Art. 28. Bosnia and Herzegovina shall be occupied and administered by Austro-Hnngury, with the exception of the Sandjak of Novi Bazar. Art. 24. The independence of Montenegro is recognized. Ait. 28. Applies the condition of Art. 6 respecting religions liberty to Montenegro. Art. 26. Fixes the new frontiers of Montenegro. Art. 27. Antivari is annexed to Montenegro. No fortifications shall be constructed except to protect Scutari. Montenegro shall have the right of free navigation of the fioyana, but shall have no flag nor ship of war. Antivari is dosed to the war ships of all Nations. Spizza is incorporated with Dalmatia. Consuls of Austria shall protect the merchant flag of Montenegro, the latter adopting the Dalmatian maritime code. Art. 28. Prescribes for Montenegro the same provisions ns Art. 12, except that the Turco-Mon-tenegrin Commission continues three years. Art. 29. The Montenegrins shall evacuate within twenty days the territory beyond the new limits of the Principality. Art. 80. Montenegro shall bear a share of the Turkish public debt proportionate to her new territory. Art. 81. The independence of Servia is recognized on the conditions prescribed in the following article. Art. 82. Is a repetition of Art. 5. Art. 83. Laying down the new frontier of Servia. is missing. Arts. 34 and 36. Provide that the present eommercial relations, eto., of the Principality with foreign countries shall continue in force until new arrangements are made. Arts. 36 and 37. Make the same provisions for Mussulmans, public and private, as Art. 28. Art. 38. The Servians shall he allowed fifteen days to evacuate territory not in the new limits. Art. 39. The tribute to Servia shall be capitalized, the rate of capitalization: to be arranged by the Powers with the Porte. Servia shall bear her share of the Turkish debt proportionate to the territory she acquires. Art. 40. Independence of Boumania is fixed on the conditions in the following: Art. 41. Is a repetition of Art. 0, relating to religious liberty. Art. 42. Roumania gives back to Russia that nut of Bessarabia taken under the Treaty of Paris.

Art. 43. Roumsni* receives the Dobrndja; also territory south as far rs a line starting east of Silistria and joining the Black Sea south of Mango lia. Art. 44. The lines of boundary and water division shall be fixed by a European Commission and the Danube fkanmission respectively. Ari.4s: 4ffand’47.'COntlnue the present commercial relations of Houmamain force until new arrangements are made. Art. 48. The tribute shall be capitalized at the rate arranged by the Powers and the Porte. Art. 49. Roumania supersedes the Porte in all obligations relating to pnblio works in that PrinArt. &j. The fortifications on the Danube from the Iron Oates to its month shall be raxed. No ship of war shall navigate the Danube downward from the Iron Gates. The guard ships of the Powers at the mouths of the river may, however, ascend to Galatz. Art. 61. The Commission of the Danube, in which Roumania and Servia shall be represented, is maintained. It will exercise its powers hcncoforth as far as Galatz with complete independence of territorial authority, and all arrangements relative to its rights are confirmed. Art. SSI and 63. Contain farther regulations in regard to the Danube Commission. Art. 64. The work of the removal of obstacles which the Iron Gates and the cataracts cause to the navigation of the Danube is intrusted to A untro-Hungary. Art. 66. The Porte engages to applr in Crete the plan of government of 1868. Analagous regulations adapted to local requirements shall be introduced into other parts of Turkey. Special Commissions of the Poite, in which the native element shall be largely represented, shall . elaborate the details of these plan*. The Porto, before promulgating these acts, shall take the advice of the Commission for Eastern Boumelia. Art. 66. In case the agreement relative to the rectification of the frontier, provided by Protocol 13, between the Porte and Greece, should not be realized, the Power* are ready to offer their good services to Turkey and Greeoe. Art. 67. The Porte having expressed a willingness to maintain the principle of religious liberty and give it its widest sphere, the contracting parties take cognizance of this spontaneous declaration in everv part of the Empire. Difference of religion should not be the motive of unfitness in anything relating to civil and political rights, admission to public offices, duties Snd honors, and the exercise of all professions and industries. Everyone should be admitted without distinction to religion to give evidence before tribunals. The practice of all religions should be entirely free. No impediments should be offered to the hierarchical organization of tbs different commissions in their spiritual chiefs. Ecclesiastics, pilgrims and monks of ail Nationalities traveling ip European and Asiatic Turkey shall enjoy the same privilege. The right to official protection is accorded to agents afthe Powers in Turkey and holy places with their reUgioua and charitable establishments. Tne rights conceded to Fiance aJSexprvvaly romped, irbcjng nnderstood that the ttalu quo with raniit tothe holy j^laoes shaHnotbeseriously affectedlnsnyway. fnU Equality of rights and Pl The f li>ndon BoUy nitgraph't dispatch from Berlin givee arm additional, articles of. the treaty, waking sbrty-fbnr m all. These principally relate to the arrangements in Asia, which “AAASpnwidlertlirilllis -Treaties of 1816 and 1871 shall be maintained in all those dispositions which are not abrogated or modified by the prwvvery fa. The Scientific American notes tike fact that of 260 hangings in the country during the past five years, 75 per cent, have occurred west of the Allegbanios.