Rensselaer Union, Volume 9, Number 46, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 2 August 1877 — Page 2

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General News Summary.

hi relation to lb* iliUrbucw throughout toe country, that Secretary McCrary, by »u- ---• ftka Itwlil .■! k.—a - j-i.-j |l. ivuiitj oi uic iTOSiueni, dm mtiwq me ortmliiflot Md arming of cittsana to as|M to conjunction with the millUry to anatatolag order and protecting property.. The Government would supply arm* and ammunition to all bodies el elUaena organ Lsmi to the disturbed districts under the authority of the local otoean. Secretary Straits telegraphed to a prominent rttteen of New Tork that the President would exhaust all Constitutional i (ST to suppress disturbances and preserve tha pence. At Washington, on the 25th the Elective Committee of St George’s Association of North America, through a representative, waited on Seeretary-of-State Erarts, and read n series of resolutions recommending arbitration fur the settlement of the existing railroad troubles. Mr. Erarts expressed s general approval of the principle of arbitration, and promised to give the matter due ta Treasury Department, ou the 27th, issued the tfty-thlrd call tor the redemption at 8-99 bonds of 18K. The call la lor SIO.OOO, - 90b consols of 1865, of which 99,000,000 are registered and 97,900,000c0up0n bonds, principal and Into' cat to be paid at the Treasury an and after the 27th of. October next; interest to posse on that day. Tan Central Council of the Labor League of the United States, headquarters at Washington, on the 27th, transmitted a petition S» the President of the United States, urging that steps toe token Immediately to end the existing labor trouble, restore traffic, law and order. They opposed any compromise with toe actual rioters or those countenancing riot, and think the Executive should call the prominent railroad men and the leaders of the labor organisations of the oouatry togeiher, to effect a compromise of the difficulties between them. The petition also sets forth that any further blind leeirtaaae of the railroads to the detriment of the tonalneas of the Nation would justify the Government in taking pomesslon of the roads and running them in the interest of the people, ee well as that of the companies. TUB BAST. Douse the progress of the strike in Pittsburgh oe the 21st and 22d, the freight depot and general offices of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati ft 8L Louis Railroad and the Union Depot and Hotel belonging to the Pennsylvania Central, were set on Are and badly damaged or destroyed, as were also a number of other railroad buildings and several cam and their contents, involving a loss of several millions of dollars. The number of lives loet ms tbe result of the riotous pro eeedlngs reached in the neighborhood of «ty or sixty—including several of the military and some of the spectators—and a number of other persona men, women and children—were more or leas seriously wounded. Tan strike amour railroad employes was spreading and becoming more general on tbc29d- A report that the Pittsburgh ft Port Wayne Company bad acceded to the demands of the strikers proved incorrect, and the officials of the road declared that t'jcre would be no compromise whatever. The officials of the Penn-ylvanU Central are re* ported to have taken the tame stand, and to have declared that they would not yield though not a wheel should t urn on their entire road. Business was generally suspended to Pittsburgh on the 23d. The Associated Press dispatch says the terrible scenes that had been enacted in the city were traceable to a much lower grade of men than those who Inaugurated the strike. Riotcus proceedings occurred, on the 23d, in several localities on the roads In New Tork, Pennsylvania and Ohio, general strikes occurring at Buffalo, Elmira, Columbus, St. Louis, Indianapolis, etc. The Lebanon Valley Railroad bridge at Reading, Pa, was burned, and the track tom up. Pour of the rioters were killed, and several wounded,by the military. Property was destroyed in other localities In Buffalo, an assault was made by nearly 2,000 rioters ou about 200 soldiers who were guarding the Lake Shore roundhouse. The military were obliged to leave the building, which was barricaded by the mob, who placed the can In position as a defense against attack. An attempt by about thirty soldiers under Col. Flack to retake the building failed, the soldiers being roughly used. Col. Flack was severely clubbed and farced across the canal, where he took refuge in a paint-ebop. Gen.-Bup’t Clark, of the Union Pacific Railroad, rescinded the order of duly 1 reducing the wages of employes on that scad, and it was thought no strike would take place. The strike at St. Louis affected nearly all the roads leading to that city. Great precautions had been taken by the author!ties in Chicago to guard against an outbreak in that city. A Lanes number of the ringleaders in the riot at Pittsburgh were arrested,on the 3*tb, and a considerable quantity o! goods carried off by plunderers was recovered. The city was reported quiet, and business was being gradually resumed. In Philadelphia there was a more confident feeling among business men, bat the continuation of the strikes and the interruption to transportation had paralysed business. A train going West on the tote Road, with troops, was detained at Corning, on the 2rth, by strikers, the rails bring torn np. Tbe track had been also taken op between HorneUsville and Bums, and at Binghamton. On the morning of tbe 2tth, six of the American Powder Company’s mills, at Acton, Mass., exploded, in consequence of the carelessness of the workmen. One men was killed and ona mortally wounded. At a meeting of the representatives of policy-holders in the Charter Oak Life In. aurance Company from Illinois, Ohio, Indiana and other States, held in Hartford, Conn-, on the 34th, resolutions were adopted strongly urging policy-holders not to let their policies lapse on account of^ke.iMt_ —mud IntofwcTrib'Jltfi- . —~re~Company, and ex conviction that the concern would be committed to the management of an entirely new act of men, in whose bands the interest of the insured would be safe. Tbe announcement was made that those who had perastt ed their policies to topee since July 18 might restore them to the full force |f payment of prrarinms due were made on cr before Aqg.fi.as consent'd to by the Compooy and oidered by the Court. A* a large and orderly mass meeting, held to Stow Tortt City on the 25tb, addresses ware made and resolutions adopted doctor, lug sympathy with the strikers, and delegalized railroad, manufacturing and other corporations as despotic enemies at the working atosans, and morally respon sible by their tyranny for the acto of the Workingmen, who should form a party to make eommom cause against the common enemy. An address to President Hayes wee adopted. Tba Lang Island Ba lroad had rescinded aa order makTbe Grand Army of tbe Republic of the city had tendered ita services to the Governor (p aid !• preserving peace tod protecting

property. The situation at Buffalo was unchanged. At HornellsriUe e compromise 1* arid to have been effected, by tbe terms of Whieh the Erie Railroad men were to go to work at a uniform reduction of 10 per cent., no discharges to be made on account of the strike, end no arrests to take place unless Cor dangerous criminal offenses. Freight trains were started from Philadelphia for New Tork, on the 2Sth. At East Syracuse, N. T., passenger trains were stopped by the strikers, but were afterward allowed to leave. The general situation throughout the country may be summed up as being one of uneasiness snd uncertainty, the authorHies having generally failed so far In doing more than to prevent extensive destruction of property snd loss of life. FBarns of s bread riot were entertalued in Pittsburgh on the 20th. Passenger trains were running, but no freight cert were moved. The miners’ strike in Pennsylvania had extended to every branch of industry in the Lackawanna Valley. The brakemen snd firemen on the Lehigh Valley Road had struck. The strike on the Erie Road was reported ended. An Erie (Pa.) dispatch aaya passenger and mail trains were again running on tbe Lake Shore ft Michigan Southern between Erie and Buffalo. Work had been resumed on the Morris ft Essex Road in New Jersey. The Pennsylvania Central Railroad Company reported that everything along their line looked encouraging and as though a termination of the difficulties would soon be arranged. There was no Indication of serious trouble In New Tork City growing out of the great strike. The strike at Syracuse was over, and eighty trains of freight cars had been dispatched from there. Atl was quiet during tbe day at Buffalo. Tbe city police were making several arrests of rioters. Taut were some disturbances reported from Eastern points on the 2?tb, but the general outlook was favorable to a restoration of railroad traffic at an early day, under the protection of military and civil authorities where necessary. Arrests were being made in many cities of leaders of the riotous gangs. The strikers on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne ft Chicago Railroad, at Pittsburgh, had agreed to turn over to the Company the rolling stock which they had been controlling for several days. Freight trains had started east and west from Harrisburg on the Penn, sylvanis Road, snd a number of men had resumed work in tbe shops of that Company. Gold closed iu New Tork, on July 27t0, at 106%* The following were the closing quotations for produce: No. 2 Chicago Spring Wheat, $1.5901.60; No. 2, Milwaukee, $1.72. Oats, Western and State, 32059 c. Corn, Western Mixed, 62067 c. Pork, Mcas, [email protected]. Lard, 32.50. Flour, good to choice, $8.8506.60; White Wheat Extra, 36.65(86 85. CatUe, 14014>(c for good to extra. Sheep, $5.00 0 6.75. Hogs, 35.75<g|5.91. At East Liberty, Pa., on July 27th, Cattle brought: Best, 36.25(86.50; Medium, 35.25 @6.00; Common, 34.75(85.00. Hogs sold —Yorker*, 35.8005.40; Philtdelphlas, 3520 @5.80. Sheep brought #[email protected]—according to quality.

WEST AND SOUTH. The strike iu Chicago became quite gen eral on tbe 24th, nearly all the railroads suspending freight business. Many private factories and other establishments were visited during the day by mobs of men, and the workmen therein employed were compelled to quit work. No serious outbreak occurred. The city authorities, aided by State officials, had made provisions to suppress any violent demonstrations on the part of tbe strikers or the rougher elements of the population who always follow in the wake of a strike of such magnitude. No strike occurred on tbe Northwestern Rood, as the order for a reduction of the pay of the employes on that line had been rescinded. Gov. Cullom issued a proclamation, calling on the citizens of the State to abstain fr m acts of violence and to assist in maintaining peace. The Mayor of Chicago also Issued a like proclamation to the citizens of the city. The strikes also became general in Cincinnati, St. Louis, etc. All passenger as well as freight traffic was prevented at Indianapolis, only postal cars being allowed to leave. A Louisville (Ky.> dispatch says the order of tbe Ist of July, reducing wages ou the Louisville, Nashville A Great Southern Road, had been rescinded, and tbe former rates restored. The Ohio State Democratic Convention met at Columbus, on the 25th, and placed the following ticket in nomination: Governor, R. M. Bishop; Lieutenant-Governor, Gen. Jabez W. Fitch; Supreme Judge, Judge J. W. Okey; Clerk of Supreme Court, R. J. Fanning; Attorney General, Isaiah Pillars; Treasurer, Anthony Howells; School Commissioner, J. J. Burns. The platform adopted declares that the inauguration of R. B. Hayes was the most dangerous encroachment upon popular rights ever attempted in this country, and that its repetition will not be permitted; denounces the Republican party as responsible for the destruction of the industry of the country and the pauperism of labor; demands the repeal of the Resumption act and tbe remonetization of silver; eulogizes and favors the retention of greenbacks; congratulates the country on the acceptance by the present Administration of the Democratic policy of local self-government in the States South; favors a tariff for revenue only; condemns the use of United States troops in elections and interference in political affairs, etc., etc. Riotous demonstrations continued in Chicago, on the 25th, and several collisions occurred brtween the mob and tbe police, in the course of which three men were killed and several others badly Injured. The intimidation of workingmen in factories continued, and several establishments ceased operations. A number of gun stores were sacked and robbed of their contents. Street car travel was interfered with on several of the lines. In St. Louis the strikers and mob had everything their own way, forcing workmen engaged in their daily labors to cease work, and generally interfering with travel and bpsiness in the city. The same condition of affairs existed in many oth-r Western cities. A Committee of Safety had been organized in San Francisco, and much excitement existed in that city. An extensive conflagration, in a lumber-yard, was in progress late in the evening. —r«ij !^ras* & Co., proprietors Of tbe Baltimore Bugar Refinery, have made an assignment Liabilities, $755,001). Assets variously estimated at from #264,000 to S6OO,<XX>. In the Postal Convention, at Fortress Monroe, op the 26th, resolutions were adopted that additional appropriations ought to be made by Congress for tbe postal service; favoring the immediate establishment of steam communication between tbe most convenient of our Southern ports and Rio Janeiro? Havana and Aepiuwall, and asking Congress to aid and encourage such enterprise; stating that the mail service of the Southern States is inadequate to the needs of the people, and that it is in the power of Congress to bring it up to the level of efficiency elsewhere, and asking that the Postoffice Department be empowered to provide for a greater speed of transmission and promptness of delivery; also asking tbe establishment of a limited mail service between the great cities of the Atlantic sod Gulf coasts, from Boston to New Orleans, and of other through or trank Unas of fast-mail communication between the Ohief points East, North and Northwest, sad Southeast ted Southwest; also the establishment of lines of quick transportation

and railroad poatofflcea subsidiary to said limited null, and tbe extension and tmprovement of toe service by river and coasting steam boats. A committee was appointed to present tbe resolutions to Congress. TnS Chicago police, aided by tbe military, had the mob in that city pretty well under control, on tbe night of the 20th. Quite a battle waa fought during the day at toe Halsted-street viaduct, on tbe West Side, le which nine of the rioters are reported killed, and a large number were seriously Wounded. More confidence waa felt at railroad headquarters during the day that the worst of the trouble waa over, and that business would soon be rerouted on all the routes, toe news from the East being of an encouraging nature. Passenger trains for the Esst had been started, and would probably go through all right. The packinghouses at tbe Stock Tards resumed work In tbe morning, the packers having signed an agreement acceding to the demands of their employes, but a riotous mob In--terfered and compelled a further suspension of work. Proclamations were issued during the day by the Governors of Michigan, Kentucky, Indlara and Missouri. Business was still generally suspended in St Louis. Several outbreaks occurred in San Francisco, and a member of the Vigilance Committee was killed and several of the rioters were seriously wounded. At Cincinnati, trains were running on all the roads except the Ohio ft Mississippi. No great change was reported in other Western cities, the strikers still Holding out in nearly all cases. The Workingmen’s party of the United States Issued a manifesto at St. Louis demanding that the General Government should take possession of the railroads and run them in the interest of the people, should recall the charters of tbe National Banks, resume operations on all public works, and make eight hours’ labor to conatitute a dar’s work. On the 26th, A. O. Jones (colored), former Clerk of tbe South Carolina House of Representatives, was brought to Columbia and committed to Jail in default of 385,000 ball, upon the charge of having defrauded the Btatc of 332,250.70, and of being concerned in the offeuscs charged against Moses and Lee. Montgomery, the ex-Spcaker pro tern. of tbe Senate, was also committed to jail iu default of 35,000 bail upon similar charges. News from the Black Hills regions, on the 27th, was to the effect that the Indians were attacking settlements in that country and murdering the people. The Democratic State Executive Committee of Ohio organized, on the 27th, by elect, lug John G. Thompson, Chairman; J. F. McKinney, Vice-Chairman; Jacob Reinhard, Treasurer, and William Bell, Secretary. No BEHJOUB conflict between the rioters and the authorities occurred in Chicago during the day or night of the 27th. A list of the killed and wounded resulting from the strike in that city foots up about eighteen or twenty of the former and about sixty of the latter. Eight policemen received wounds of a somewhat serious nature, several others being slightly hurt. Railroads were resuming business, and freight and passenger trains were being started on all the lines. A large number of arrests were made in St. Louis on the 27th. The authorities expressed confidence that the worst of the riot waa over. An Indianapolis (Ind.) dispatch saya the strike in that city might be considered at an end. Reports of a favorable nature were received, on tbe morning of the 28th, from other Western points—the strikers, while still holding out iu many quarters, refrain, lng from riotous demonstrations. The Governor of Indiana called on the Fresldent for troops on the 27th. In Chicago, on July 27th, Spring Wheat No. 2, closed at [email protected])f cash. Cash corn closed at 49>£c for No. 2. Cash oats No. 2 sold at 28)>fc; and 28c seller August. Rye No. 2,55 c. Barley No. 2 (New), September delivery, 70071 c. Cash Mess Pork closed at $13.20. Lard, $9.10. Beeves —Extra brought [email protected]; Choice, $5.6006.00; Good, [email protected]; Medium Grades, $3.75(8 4.75; Butchers’ Stock, $2.6003.50; Stock Cattle, etc., $3.2503.75. Hogs brought 34.7505.00 for Good to Choice. Sheep sold at $3.5005.25 for Poor to Choice.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. The whale-boat New Bedford, manned by Capt. Crapo and his wife, which left New Bedford, Maes., a few weeks ago, reached the British coast on the 22d. Capt Crapo experienced three gales during the trip, and was obliged to lay to for fifteen days. Accobdinq to Berlin telegrams of the 28d, the officials at the Russian Embassy in that city had threateningly declared that England’s open support of Turkey would release the Czar from' the disinterested promises made at SWadia.and enable him to dictate his own terms of peace. Orders were issued by the Press Bureau, at Constantinople, on the 23d, prohibiting the publication of war news, favorable or unfavorable. The Greek Government issued a decree, on the 25th, reorganizing the army and increasing its numbers to 150,000 men. A Tiknova. telegram of the 25th acknowledges that the Russians were recently badly defeated at Pleona, sustaining a loss of about 2,000 men. The Turks had abandoned the line of the Lorn without fighting, one portion going to Rustchuk and the other to Shumla. According to a London telegram of the 25tb, the German Socialists were collecting money for the continuance of the railway strike in the United States. A Berlin special of the 26th says the Russian Government had called out the reserve of landwehr. Prince Gortschakoff, according to a Pesth dispatch of the 26th, had notified the Powers that in no eTont 'would he treat directly with the Porte. A Vienna telegram of the 26th says the Russian Army in the Caucasus had been reinforced by 90,000 men, and that a fresh advance would be made into Armenia. A naval engagement was fought in the Black Sea, off Kurtelje, on the 27th, between the Russian man-of-war Vesta and a Turkish monitor. Both vessels were badly shattered, and had to withdraw for repairs. The battle lasted fire hours. _ * t The, Sultan haajJJrflct** of ’juc'bheik-Ul-Islam of Constantinople. A dispatch from Adrianople of the 27th announces the defeat of the Turks under Suleiipan Pasha, at Kara Bunar. He was then retreating toward Adrianople, followed by the victorious Russians. The Montenegrins have blown up the outworks of Nicsics. They were bombarding the fortress from all sides, on the 27th.

SUif« Fairs and Expositions for 1877. xajzb. ?s»*•'» Held. Time of Fair. Indiana....... ln(Unapoli»....Bept 24-29 Chicago Exposition.... Chicago. Aag. 29 to Oct. 13 Central Ohio MecnanicrirargSepL - 7 Georgia..,. Atlanta Oct 15-20 lowa ...Cedar Rapids.. Sept. 17-21 Illinois Freepoit -Sept. 17-a Kan as City Ksnaa* City.... Sept 17-22 Kentucky (North) Florence Aug. 28 81 Michigan Jack-on Sept. 17-21 Minnesota Minneapolis.... Sept. 8-8 Nebraska Lincoln ....S' pL 24-28 Nevada .Reno... Oct 15-30 New York . .Rochester ...Sept. 17-21 Obio ....Columbus Sept 10-14 Oregon ..Salem OcL 8-13 8 . Louis St. Loots ..OcL 1-6 Southern 0hi0... Dayton ScpL24-28 M isconsin - - -.. Jai.aavilla Se; L 10-14 American Institute.,..New York.. Sept. 12—Nov. American Pomologleal. Baltimore Sept. 12-14 California Sacramento.... Aept 17-22 New England ...Portland, Ma ..B*pL»3-T New Jersey Waveriy Sept 17-21 Teas Austin Oct *-«

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. —Cape May and Cape Mayn’t, Jart as the feels. —A man’s lint difficulties begin when he is able to do as he likes. —Her Dr. TV** says it is a sin to worry. We are all miserable sinners. —A Western editor who has heard that Grant eats with his knife indignantly asks if a man is “ expected to eat with hu fingers.”— Chicago Tribune. —"I wonldn’t hang around where I wasn’t wanted," said the raspberry, purple with rage, as he kicked the strawberry off the fruit stand.— Oil City Derrick. —“ I suppose you are troubled about business ?” remarked a sympathizing gentleman to a down-hearted citizen. ‘‘Ob, no,” replied the sad man, “ not about business, but the want of it.’’ —They chloroformed a horse tor a surgical operation up in Madison County, recently, and found that he required eight times as much of a dose as a man does to render him unconscious, says a New York paper. —The question of what to do with West Point graduates is quite generally discussed by the press, and possibly we can throw no light on the subject ; but there is need of an increased force to combat the savage Colorado beetle in this vicinity.— omc Sentinel. —A learned philologist said at the Baltimore meeting that the first syllable a baby utters is “ pa” “ pa-pa," because that is tbe easiest. Another equally learned and more observant philologist rejoined that the first syllable his baby uttered was “ goo.” Thus does science improve the fleeting hour. —Why doesn’t the Associated Press Agent in London invest in a few dollars’ worth of dynamite with which to blow the names of the Russian Generals into seventeen or twenty-six pieces before transmitting them over the cable for American readers to wrestle with? If he were to “blast ’em” over the re,lf ewer read ers would “blast ’em!” over here.—Norrietown Herald. —The last Arkansas traveler tells a story of a citizen of the State who, while on board a steamer on the Mississippi, was asked by a gentleman “ whether the raising of stock in Arkansas was attended with much difficulty or expense.” “Oh, yes, stranger, they suffer much from insects.” “ Insects! Why, what kind of insects, pray?” _ ‘‘Why, bears, cat*, mounts, wolves and sich like insects.” —David Thomson (without a “ p”), the first settler of New Hampshire, had an arbitrary temper, and his word was law in his house. He was reading from the Bible to his family one morning, as was his custom, when he called myrtle-tree “ mantle-tree.” On his repeating the error one of the family ventured a correction. He answered, *• lam reading now, and when I say mantle-tree, mantle-tree it shall be.” —When little Clarissa Dumbletop read in the paper “ the summer hegira lias begun in New York,” her Aunt Tabithv spatted her hands on her knees and said: - Stop right there, Clary; stop right straight there! I know what’ll cure it. Blackberry jam and camphor. ’T’ll cure the wust case I ever beared on in one arfternoon. Remember it, cause you’ll git it like enough this hot weather* Now go on. I’m lis’niu’.” —Prof. Tice’s system of weather forecasts is a science that is yet in its infancy, and cannot, of course, be relied on to the minute. In a similar state of infancy and consequent unreliability, and even more ao, is the science relative to the laws which govern the actions of the man who promises to drop in to-morrow or next Wednesday and settle that little account. You can predict a thunder storm with ten times as much accuracy.—Burlington Hawk-Eye. —Some men have very peculiar tastes. In one of the daily papers recently found the following advertisement: “ Wanted — a boy to sand paper.” Now, why did that man yearn for a chance to sand-paper a boy? If he must sand-paper something, why couldn’t he be satisfied to rub a post, oi his aunt, or even the top of his own head ? There is something morbid in this insatiable longing for a boy to polish off, and it seems to us some check ought to be put on the man.— Philadelphia Bulletin.

—Dr. Waters, of Boston, has turned his attention to fire. He believes in the phrase, “ Physician, heal thyself.” For several years past he has been in the habit of burning himself in all sorts of ways and applying some remedy which he had discovered. He soon began to look like a war map, or the seared' and yellow leaf. At last he discovered the true remedy and gives it freely to the world, while he retires like an old veteran, proud of his scars. The antidote for burns is a wet woolen cloth covered with bi carbonate of soda. Care should be taken to apply this externally Free Frets. —An, eminent New York physician writes to the Sun that the only sure cure for the opium habit is in “tapering off,” diminishing each dose by inunitesimal deductions so that the system may adapt itself to the ohange. He cured himself in this manner, and has discovered that many of the advertised remedies proceed on the same principle. His habit was to put thirty grains of morphine in an eightounce bottle, and take a teaspoonful of the mixture, containing one grain of morphine, four times a day. In his next bottle he put but twenty-nine grains, in the next but twenty-eight, and so on. The change was very gradual, and caused no shock to the system; and the habit has never returned. u—A« decision of some importance to bankers has recently been rendered at New Orleans, where the American Express Company recovered from the Citizens’ Bank of Louisiana the sum of $12,500 as charges on money-packages which had been undervalued by the bank when shipped. The bank contended that it had the right to put any valuation it chose on its packages, no matter what amount of money they contained. But it was held that a true statement of the contents of money-packages is required, and that the Expre.-s Company is entitled to full compensation according to the rates of carrying money, which are regulated in proportion to the amount shipped and tfra-i liik taken. —Chicago Triune.

THE RIOTS IN PITTSBURGH.

Alt Account of the Fighting Between the Soldiers snd the Striker*. Telegraphic dispatches of July 22 give the following account of the fighting between the military forces and the railroad strikers aid their sympathizers in Pitta: burgh: The Philadelphia troops were under command of Gen. Brinton, and were met by Sheriff Fife, who was killed in the engagement of the day. It was known that he had in his possession warrants for the arrest of a large number of the ringleaders, and from that moment he was a marked man. The Sheriff preceded the military with a posse, and at 3:4® o’clock the combined force moved from the Union Depot along the railroad track in the direction of what was than the scene of the disturbance. This was at the Twentyeighth street crossing, where the roundhouse is located. As the Sheriff's handful of men advanced to the crossing they found the tracks blockaded with strikers. The Sheriff found it impossible, with his small force, to make toe arrests of toe leaders. Here the fight began. The crowd was immense, choking the crossing and extending up toe hillsides. The strikers occupied toe contested ground. Beyond them wore thousands

of persons, many of whom had been gathered aa much out of curiosity aa out of sympathy for the belligerent brakenten. when the Philadelphia troops arrived, the home militia, the Fourteenth Pittsburgh, waa on the ground, and there was no disturbance. The mob seemed to be infuriated at the soldiers from the eastern part of the State. The Black Hussars of Philadelphia were commanded to clear the crossing. The crowd at once understood Ihe situation. As the troops advanced, dismounted and fixed bayonets, they were assailed from all sides with a perfect torrent of stones that were showered down from the hills upon them. Borne of the soldiers were injured, and the order was given to fire. Tne first volley was aimed above the heads of the mob, and doubtless the number of citizens wounded on the hillside is to be attributed to this cause. The mob continued their assaults on the soldiers, and a number of those who seemed to be ringleaders were seen to use pistols. But few of the troops were injured bv this discharge, the wounded having received their injuries from the rocks hurled by the strikers. An indescribable scene followed these demonstrations. The home militia, when ordered to fire, fell on their faces and did not fire a gun. The,fusillading from the troops brought the drowd to a standstill. They stood irresolute for a little. Then a dash was made, but the troops -held their own, although the result was uncertain for a few minutes. The panic spread, and this irresolution soon became general. When the smoke lifted, it was ascertained that fourteen persons had been killed and a large number wounded. Several members of the home militia were killed, and there was great excitement, and much indignation was expressed freely about what was termed “ this new outrage.” There was a lull after this encounter, the mob retiring rapidly from the crossing. The strikers then moved in the direction of the arsenal. Their expressed purpose was to secure arms and ammunition with which to retaliate on the troops. En route up town gunshops were ransacked and gutted, and stampede after stampede followed as the rioters retired. The troops, at six o’clock, were in control of the tracks, but nothing was done to start any of the trains. When the encounter between the militia and the mob was over the Nineteenth Regiment retired, and returned to the city. The crowds on the South Side began to reassemble again in the evening. At eight o’clock the concourse was not less than 10,000 strong. The rendezvous was the roundhouse. The mob had meantime been arming, and came back to the field of the first fight more determined than ever. They marched down Fifth avenue to the number of 3,000. Drums were beating and flags were flying. The soldiers were compelled to prepare to fight their way out through the frenzied mass of humanity clamoring for their blood. The structure was set on fire, but did not burn as rapidly as was desired, and tL'e mob, bent on revenge, rushed out on the road and sent burning trains toward the doomed building. From midnight until five o’clock this morning the main efforts of the crowd were directed to firing the building and cars, but about half an hour later the mob, which had been besieging the military, left for some unexplained reason. This afforded the troops, who were in actual danger of being roasted alive, an opportunity to emerge from the roundhouee, and they succeeded in reaching Liberty street in a very few moments. They quietly formed in line and marched up to Thirty-third street, and thence to Pennsylvania avenue and Butler street. Their objective point was the United States Arsenal on Butler street, where they expected to obtain shelter. While turning into Butler street, however, the leaders of the mob discovered them, and fully 1,000 men, armed and supplied with ammunition, followed in pursuit. Some of the troops fired at citizens, either accidentally or intentionally, as they moved along, and this added fury to the cry for revenge. When they reached the arsenal the commandant refused to admit them. He said he had but ten men, and would be powerless to hold the place if the mob should attack it. He corsented to take care of the wounded, and they were accordingly carried into the hospitals. The main body of the troops continued their march on Butler street, a fusilade being kept up on them by the mob as they moved forward. The shots fired killed one of the soldiers before they reached the arsenal, and nearly opposite the cemetery gate, fully a mile above the arsenal, two others were left lying on the sidewalk. They continued their flight and crossed over to the north side of the Allegheny River on the Sharpsburg bridge, the mob following them as rapidly as possibile. After reaching the north side the troops scattered, and in this way the mob was divided into very small bodies.

In the meantime the city was in a state of anarchy. Thousands who had not joined in the pursuit of the fleeing trioops gathered about the burning buildings and trains, and assisted in spreading the flames wherever they had not been applied. By seven o’clock the Are had extended from Mill vale Station to Twentieth street, and enveloped hundreds of cars, the extensive machine shops, two round houses, the depots, and offices of the Union Transfer Company, blacksmith shops, storehouses and numerous buildings making up the terminal facilities of the mammoth corporation. In the roundhouses were 125 first-class locomotives, which had been housed in consequence of the strike. These were totally destroyed, but even the immense loss which will be sustained in this item alone is but a trifle in the aggregate damage done. The scenes transpiring on Liberty street, along the line of which the tracks of the railroads run, simply beggar description. While hundreds were engaged in firing the cara and making certain of the destruction of the valuable buildings at the outer depot, thpusands of men, wometf and children engaged in pillaging the cars. Men armed with heavy sledges were cars', aHtiffieh Che conJflffiTwould be thrown out and carried off bv those bent on profiting by the reign of terror existing. The street was almost completely blockaded by persons laboring to carry on the plunder they had gathered together. In hundreds of instances wagons were pressed into service to enable the thieves to get away with their goods. Mayor McCarthy, early in the day, endeavored to stop the pillage, but the handful of men at his command were unable to control the crowd, who were desperate in their anxiety to secure goods. At one time the pill age'was checked, but the mob tired the cars and then proceeded with the work of destruction. It ih impossible to form any idea of the amount of goods stolen, but hundreds of thousands will not cover the loss. The investigation into the losses of sheep during the past year shows that a total of nearly 3,000,000 sheep and lambs were destroyed by dogs and wolves and various diseases, and the aggregate money value was nearly $8,000,000. The average percentage of loss was nearly eight. The rate is the highest respectively in North Carolina, Florida and Louisiana, and ranges from 17 percent, in the former State to 3 7-10 in Nebraska. The rate is highest in the South and .lowest in States having dog laws. Eight huhdbkd asp ssvkntt-thhee children and adults died of diphtheria in San Francisco during the rear ending with May. This was about 15 per cent, of the deaths in the city.

How Birds Improve In Nest-Building.

Ton often will meet with the statement in books abont birds and birds'-nests, that each species goes on, year after year and generation after generation, building its nest in precisely the way which has always been followed by ita ancestors. It is said that birds build their neats entirely by instinct, and that no improvement ever takes place, but that each bird selects a place for ita nest, and gathers the ma. terials, and goes through the process of building in exactly the way which has been followed for thousands of generations. It is alse stated that young birds know how to do all this without any instruction, and make their first nest as skillfully as those old birds which have had experience and have raised several broods of young. These statements are made so often by writers upon natural history that It would seem as if there must be a good reason for them, and yet notone of them is true. Birds do not always go on building their nests in similar places to thos#-4n which their ancestors built, but whenever better places are offered them they soon learn to take advantage of them; neither do they stick to the same material for one generation alter another, but whenever more suitable material is placed within their reach they often learn how to use it, so that their nests are much better than those built by their ancestors; neither is it true that they never improve the Bhape of their nests, nor that the young birds are as skillful architects as the old. You all know that only a few hundred years ago there was not a barn or a chimney within the United States, unless, perhaps, those singular cliff-dwelling people in New Mexico and Arizona, of whom we know so little, had barns and chimneys. At any rate, wo know that on the east side of the Mississippi, at the time when the white men discovered and settled the country, there were no people who knew anything of architecture. The barn and chimney swallows were to be found here then as they are to-day, but of course they were compelled to build their nests in hollow trees and caves, or any other suitable places which they were able to find. As soon as white men spread over the country and erected buildings, these birds, which had never before seen a barn or a chimney, soon discovered that these places are mueh more warm and dry than rotten trees and damp caves, as well as better protected from storms; and it probably did not take many years for the swallows to discover that snakes and birds and beasts of prey did not dare to approach such places. These wife birds, then, improved upon the habits of their ancestors, and gave up their old savage life in the woods, in order to share the benefits of civilization. It seems as natural now for a barnswallow to make its nest in a barn, as for a pat-bird to build in a bush or a tree; but it is plain that this has not always been the case, and that these birds have been wise enough to chaugc their mode of life. It is very certain that a few hundred years ago orioles could have known nothing about string or carpet-ravelings, and must have confined themselves to such stringy fibers as can be found in a natural state; and those orioles which build their nests at a distance from houses, still make use of grass, flax, the fibers of silk-weed, and other things which they are able to find; but of course a much stronger and more durable nest can be woven from strong thread and string, and the birds have not been slow to discover this and to act accordingly; —~ — A few years ago Pouchct, a French naturalist, who was then engaged in writing a book upon natural history, wished to have an engraving made of the nest of the common European house-martin. The nests in his collection were nearly fifty years old, and, thinking that the artist would be able to make a much better picture from a new and perfect nest than from an old one, he employed a man to collect a number from the walls of the .houses in Paris. Upon comparing these with the old nests in his collection, Pouchet found that there had been a very great improvement in the architecture of these birds within the last fifty years. He says that the old nests are globular, or forming a segment of a sphere with a very small rounded opening, just large enough to allow the passage of the birds inhabiting it; and the accounts Of all the ancient writers agree in describing this as the form of the nest in their day. The new nest is in the form of the quarter of a hollow semi-oval, this giving three flat surfaces for attachment instead of one, and affording much more room on the floor of the nest. The opening is no longer a round hole, but a long transverse slip, between the upper edge of the nest and the wall of the building to which it is attached, thus allowing the young to put their heads out and enjoy the fresh air, without interfering with the entrance and exit of the parents. M. Pouchet says that, beside the advantages of more room inside the nest, increased facilities for access and greater strength, it is also more secure from the invasion of enemies, and better protected from the entrance of cold and rain, and is thus a decided improvement upon the old form. Many of the naturalists who have studied the habits of birds with the greatest care have satisfied themselves that young birds arc not as skillful as the old. Nearly one hundred and fifty years ago Lerory, a French naturalist who spent his life in studying the habits of the wild animals of Europe, published a book, which has lately been translated into English, on the “ Intelligence and Perfectibility of Animal*." In this book he says that it is impossible that a constant and attentive observer Bhould fail to remark that the nests of young birds are almost invariably illmade and badly situated. He also shows that the best and most complicated nests are made by those species of birds whose young remain a long time in the nest, and thus have more opportunity to see! how it is made. Wilson, the ornithologist, who spent his life in studying tho habits of our birds, reached the same conclusion—that there is a vorv perceptible inferiority in the nests of young birds. —Prof. W. K. Brook*, in Bt. Nicholas for August, ..

Head Gear of the Cabinet.

To start with Hayes—he wears during week days an old black soft felt hat of what is known as the army style. It looks like it has done service enough to be turned in. If I mistake not the gun for those hats was fired several years ago. On Sunday Hayes redeems himself by wearing a very fashionable black silk bat, which he bought in Cincinnati just before be came here to be inaugurated. It improves his looks greatly. And now with his premier, Evarts—he wears during warm days a small white straw hat alternated with a brown straw. Key wears the worst lookingdicer ever seen. He bought it when he came hereto fill Andy Johnson’s seal in the Senate. There are many objections to Key’s beaver; firstly, it is three sizes too small for him, and sits up on top of his iron-gray bristles; and, secondly, it has not been in style for four years. It is a horrid looking aflair, though Key feels happy while wearing it reared back on hi? ears. Key can safdy sing that comic ballad, entitled “ I am the man with the shocking bad hat,” which, by the way, I am told was written by a man in Tennessee. Sherman wears b calico hat, which is made upon a light steel frame, and a brown straw whim is well ventilated on the sides. Both ire what are known as cheap hats. Schtrz, while S articular in the cut of his pantaloons, so tat his legs will appear to ttut best advantage, is not at all particular] wltn his head wear. He has one straw Mat which has dime him service for twofummers,

and recently purchased a better-looking one. which he wean when walkingwhich is very seldom. I have not seen Mr. Bchurz except in his carriage, or sitting at his desk in the Interior Department, since he has been in the Cabinet. Key is a great tramp, and. like McCrary, the beat-natured man of them all, often is seen walking the streets. Mr. McCrary wants a new beaver hat very bad. Hia ? resent one is in a terribly bad condition, t needs to be blocked very much. He has made the same beaver do service for receptions, funerals, etc., for the past four years. I recognized his hat as the one worn by him in the first session of the Forty-fourth Congress. Mr. Devens, tho Attorney-General, is more careful. He, when in full dress, wears a handsome ana stylish silk hat, on which there is a wide band of crape. At other times he wears a soft felt, which looks well on him. Ho is very prim in his entire dress. Secretary Thompson makes a specialty in dress, and of course wears a beaver to suit. He has of late left ott his biue cost and gold buttons, which he wore for the past forty years, and now wears a more modern covering, though not so showy. He takes great pains in having hia hat look nice, and always succeed*.—Washington Cor. Hartford Time*.

Budding Fruit-Trees.

There are two well-established methods now in very general use among experts in fruit-culture, for changing or multiply* ing varieties of the same class on the same tree, and both of these are simple and inexpensive. The first of these is known as grafting , and is only practiced on larger trees, and always in the spring before the foliage is developed. The other method, which is much more rapid, and Suite as sure when properly done, is buding, and the time for doing thia extends from the middle of July until the first of September.. Whenever the bark separates easily from the wood, the buds may be set, with fair chaneca of success. The outfit for budding consists of some narrow strips of bass matting, such as comes on the inside of coflee-bags, and a pocketknife with a single blade, with a small piece of ivory fastened in the end of the handle. When the incision is made the ivory is used to raise the bark up on either side, so that the bud may be pressed into place. The buds to be inserted should be cut from young, healthy trees, and always of the present year’s' growth, those that arc moat matured being selected. The leaves may then be clipped off the branch of buds, leaving say half an inch of the leaf stalk attached to the bud. Them with a keen-edged knife cut off each bud separately horn a half to three-quar-ters of an inch in length, leaving a thin slice of wood back of the eye or bud. These should be kept moist and protected from the sun or air until set; exposure even for a short time may prove fatal. When the whole top or any part of it is to be budded over, select the spot for each bud in a smooth part of the branch, not too large, say from one to two inches in diameter. On this part make an incision through the bark in the form of the capital letter T, and raise or separate the bark from the wood with the ivory on the handle of the knife. The bud may then be pressed into place, cutting off square the portion that goes above the cross incision. Then with a strip of the bass matting wrap firmly around the branch above and below the eye, fastening tho end of the strip by a slip knot. This completes the operation, which can be successfully done even by a novice in less time titan it takes to describe it.— P. 2'. Quinn, in Scribner's Monthly.

PERSONAL AND LITERARY.

—The Boston Globe has discovered the real secret of Mr. Seligman’s exclusion from the Grand Union Hotel at Saratoga. He is an inveterate snorer. “ The affront to the Hebrew race,” says the Globe, “was really intended as a snub to Mr. Seligman'a nose.” —A woman in Lexington, Georgia, opened the oven door of her stove and found a large sDake coiled therein. She did not scream or endeavor to get up an excitement about the matter, but quietly shut the door and lit a rousing fire. The verdict on the snake was “ Well doriel” —The oldest ex-Representative living is Mr. Artemas Hale, of Bridgewater, Mass. He is ninety-four years old, is still interested in public affairs, and has ail hia faculties, mental aDd physical. He sat in Congress as a Representative from Massachusetts from 1345 to 1349, and in 1864 he was a Presidential Elector. —How little the American parent knows of what his child is doing has just been illustrated in Connecticut. “ A South Norwalk miss, while herself attending an up-town day school, started a private school in the city, and maintained itin flourishing condition several months before her father discovered the fact.” —Thoee Belgians hold birth And heraldry worth Far more than mind, morals or manners; And the King scorns the crowd, And his nobles are prond As the iions that prance on hia banner; Yet yesterday he Took our Julia to tea, While the Queen took the arm of the tanner —ls, Y. Graphic. —Mr. Samuel Sinclair, formerly publisher of tire New York Tribune, was one of the clerks recently discharged from tho New York Custom House. Bam used to be rich—had an income of $30,000 a year —but he went intoepeeulatwa, lost all his money, took a position in the Custom House on & salary of $2,500, and now has lost that. —Gen. Sherman still refuses to take from the Custom-Hause the $300,000 diamond necklace that the Khedive of Egypt gave his daughter on the occasion ot her marriage. The General says he “ hasn’t got money enough to pay State and city taxes” on the necklace, and Fitch doesn’t wish to undertake it on his pay of Lieutenant in the navy. —Elder D. N. Bentley, the pioneer of Methodism in Eastern Connecticut, still i[ves at Norwich, in that State, at the age of ninety-two years, and iH regular attendant at the* church in which he has served for seventy years. In ail church matters he has kepTabreasToTtiie mSC modern innovations, with the exception of pipe organs, which he tenaciously opposes because, as he expresses it, “he does not believe in pumping praises up to God.”

—Gov. Carroll, of Maryland, was married a month ago to Mlsa Thompson, two of whose sisters were already married to two brothers of the Governor, and now his only single brother is engaged to his wife's only single sister. This is the way the Carroll boys have of gobbling up all the Thompson girls, or the Thompson girls have of gobbling up ail the Carroll boys, or both havo of gobbling up one another, says the Pittsburgh Commercial ■ -u. —Lucy Hooper, in describing the farewell dinner to Minister Washburne in Paris, says: "A feature of the dinner was a fine Western ham, boiled and sliced in American fashion, and served cold with the salad. Like Tennyson’s ‘ dusky Joaf,’ ‘it smelt of homo,’ or rather tasted of it, being the very ideal of a ham—tender, savory and not too salt—such a bam as one may pine for in vain amid all the , delicacies of Paris, unless some charitable son! on the other side of the Atlantic sends one Mross.” No wonder Lucy’s heart turned fondly toward her home, for hap, pily this appetizing viand may be found here in every ham-let in the land. “ No,” she said, and the wrinkles in her face smoothed out pleasantly. “ No, I do not remember tne last Mwenteenyear locusts. I Was an infant then.”— Metnirk OaU.