Rensselaer Union, Volume 8, Number 51, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 7 September 1876 — Page 7

Presence of Mind.

We so continually, in the journals of the day, see evil consequences from want Of presence of mind. In circumstances where kite proper conduct has long been generally agreed upon, that we might oe tempted to believe it a quality beyond mortal reach, if we were not aware how many things, which appear notorious to all, are in reality unknown to many. Hardly a week passes without telling us of a female having caught tire and lost her life in consequence of rushing out into the open air, instead of rolling herself in a carpet, or at least prostrating herself on the floor. Panics still occasionally take place in theaters and churches, and scores of lives are lost by a crowding to the door; not one instance do I remember of an alarm in such places of resort being attended by the proper conduct—sitting still. Individuals are also still much given to throwing themselves out of runaway carriages, an act which may be pronounced the very opposite of the proper conduct. But the fact is, that while some of these errors are a consistence of mere confusion of mind, many are also the result of ignorance. The right conduct in situations of difficulty is far from being generally impressed, as it ought to be, on the minds of the young. Or, if it has been taught as a lesson, there has at least been no effort to train the mind to look to it as the only course of action in which there is the least safety; so that when the critical moment arrives, we are still too prone to act upon some mere inßtinct for self preservation. A young lady, a few years ago, caught fire, while going to bed in a countiy house where she was a visitor. She had been told that the carpet and the floor were the proper expedients; but a more immediate impulse directed her to a lake in front of the house. She rushed along the passages and stairs, and was found exhausted, and almost hopeldfsly scorched, a few yards from the outer door. It Is necessary to make the lesson a vital principle in the mind. Presence of mind is exemplified in its simplest form, where all that Is necessary its to take a deliberate view of the circumstances,, and then do that which seems most advantageous. It may be shown, for example, in a choice between the door and window in a case of fire, or in the selection of something to be saved, as that which is most important. Presence of mind is occasionally shown ia quick conception of some device or expedient, such as we usually suppose to be an emanation of superior intellect: This has been repeated exemplifiedin rencounters with the insane. A lady was one evening sitting in her drawing-room alone, when the only other inmate of the house, a brother, who for a time had been betraying a tendency to unsoundness of mind, entered with a carving knife in his hand, and shotting the door, came up to her and said, “Margaret, an odd idea has occurred to me. I wish to paint the head of John the Baptist, and I think yours might make an excellent study for it. So, if you please, I will cut off your head.” The lady looked at her brother’s eye, and seeing in it no token of a jest, concluded that he meant to cto as he said. There was an open window and a baloony by her side, with a street in front; but a moment satisfied her that safety did not lie in that way. So, putting on a smiling countenance, she said, with the greatest apparent cordiality, “That is a strange idea, George; but wouldn’t it be a pity to spoil this pretty new lace tippet I have got? I’ll just step to my room to put it off, and be with you again in half a minute.” Without waiting to give him time to consider, she stepped lightly across the floor, and passed out. In another moment she was safe in her own room, whence she easily gave an alarm, and the' madman was secured.

The story of tlic gentleman commanded by some insane persons to jump from the top of a tovrer in their asylum, and who escaped by telling them lie wouid rather jump from the bottom to the top, and ran down stairs as if to execute his intention, is well known; but the following anecdote of a similar situation Will be new to most readers: A gentleman accompanying a party to inspect an asylum, chanced to lie left behind in the kitchen among a number of the inmates who acted as cooks and scullions to the establishment. There was a huge caldron of boiling water on the fire, into which the madmen declared they must put him, in order to boil him for broth. They would fain have assisted him into the large pot; and as they were laying hold of him, he reflected that in a personal struggle he would have no chance with them—all he could do was to endeavor to gain time. So he said: “Very well, gentlemen, I am sure I should make good broth, if you do not spoil it by boiling my clothes with it.” “ Take off your clothes,” they cried out; and he began to take off his things very slowly, calling out loudly the whole time. “Now, gentlemen, my coat is off—l will soon be stripped. There goes my waistcoat —I shall soon be ready;” and so on, till nothing remained but his shirt. For-" tunately, tfie keeper, attracted by his loud speaking, hurried in just in time to save him.

Some anecdotes of escapes from assassins and robbers, by the prompt exercise of presence of mind, are much to the same purpose. A young man, traveling in one of the public coaches, was much interested by the accounts of robberies which his fellow passengers were detailing. An old gentleman mentioned that he always took the precaution of secreting his money in his boot, merely keeping silver for his incidental expenses in his pocket. Th'e old gentleman appeared to captivated with the politeness and intelligence of the young man, to whom he addressed much of his conversation, who on his part was equally pleased with the kindness and urbanity of his elder companion. Thus some hours had passed agreeably, when, just at nightfall, as they were passing a wild and lonely iroor, the coach was stopped by robbers, who rifled the pockets of those nearest to them, giving the old gentleman a hearty execration for having his purse so badly furnished. .They came last to theyoung man, who was seated in the far corner, and demanded his purse. “ I never, carry any money,” said he. “ We’ll not take your word for that,” said his assailants. “ Indeed I don’t,” said the young man, “my uncle always pays for us both, and there he is,” continued he, pointing to the old gentleman, "and he has got our money in his boot." The old gentleman was dragged from the coach, his boot pulled off, and three ten pound notes were found. He was then suffered to resume his seat, and the coach drove on. Hot was his anger, and bitter were his upbraidings, against his betrayer, whom he did not hesitate to accuse of both treachery and pusillanimity. The young man listened in silence, as if ashamed and conscience-stricken. They passed over by the wayside. The travelers alighted, and, on going in, the young man requested the old gentleman woukl allow him to say a few words in private. They retired

into a room by themselves. “ I have not only to ask your pardon, my dear 81r, ,, saia the young map, “ but to thank you for the fortunate expedient wijh which your confldeneefumished me, and to hand to you the sum of thirty pound*in lieu of that which I appeared so unceremoniously to point out to the robbers. lam sure you will forgive me, when I tell you that the note case in my pocket contained notes for $5,000 the loss of which would have been utter ruin to me.” It need scarcely be added the adopted uncle shook hands cordially with his young acquaintance, and took him into more marked favor than ever. —Brooklyn Sunday Sun.

Workmen and Their Instructors.

What are the chances of combining in one man, first, a mechanic sufficiently expert as a workman to stand legitimately as an authority and teacher to a large shop of workmen; secondly, one with sufficient judgment and command to govern them, and thirdly, one who shall ruso be an expert theoretical engineer? Let us see. Out of every 100 turners, there will be found not more than two of the highest order of efficiency. Out of 100 workmen, not more than five at most are capable or taking charge of men. Out of 100 men, not more than five are expert at the planer as well as the lathe; then again, not more than five in 100 are capable of explaining even what they do know. Out of every 100, there may be also five who have a knowledge of mathematics sufficient to make thß calculations absolutely necessary to their work, if required to do so; then, perhaps, five per cent, of workmen can make a decent mechanical drawing. But, on the other hand, five per cent, are unsteady, five per cent, are comparatively untutored, and so on; so that the chance of finding the above-mentioned combination inone man is somewhat small. It becomes apparent, then, that as a "rule it is not the useful workmen who are promoted into better positions, for the reason that the requisites to fill those positions include requirements other than manipulative skill; which requirements in the aggregate give practical expertness a comparatively small place in the general qualification of the foreman. Thus it happens that we may find a hundred cases wherein the workmen of a shop have a profound respect for some particularly expert workman, while only one case in which such respect is entertained by the workmen for the foreman of a shop; and it generally happens that, where such respect does exist, it is a bar to the advancement of the expert for the reason of the impossibility of his assuming control over men with whom his relations have been so intimate. That this should be so is not at all unreasonable, because his superiority is brought before them almost every day of their lives. He is to them, to a certain extent, a mystery in and upon a matter in which they themselves are to themselves masters ; for of what does the ordinary mechanic assume to know more than of the trade at which he spends his days from morning till night, year in and year out ? When a mechanic exerts himself to his utmost, when he puts forth the whole strength of his muscles as well as his mind, when he calls to his aid hll his experience, all his knowledge, all his determination, and all his strength, and then fails, and meets another who, with tire same tools and under the same conditions, can perform vastly more and superior work, he knows that this capability is not due to either advantages of brute force or school education, but to some indefinable qualification known as skill. This seems to him to set education, perseverance and strength at defiance; then respect creeps in, and the skill becomes a shrine ana its possessor an idol. An example of this kind occurs to our mind. A tail, strong man, witn brawny arms and with muscles hard and well developed, was engaged in filing up some parallel bars; he had the work by contract, and had filed up scores of them. He was an experienced mechanic, and had gotten himself into trouble for working so quickly as to get those men who chanced to have the same work to do by day’s work mto disrepute, because of their inability to compete with him, even in cost, let alone in time. On one occasion however, a somewhat delicate-looking workman, who worked near, challenged him to file up a bar in competition with himself (the challenger). The gauntlet thus thrown down was accepted, and for three hours the Contest raged. Each was allowed new, rough, second cut and smooth files; and the excitement among the other workmen. of whom there were eight, ranged along the sides of the same bench, was at a high pitch. The challenger finished his work first, and it was examined by his opponent and pronounced well executed ; but a repetition of the trial of skill was requested, and made, with the same result. It was in winter; the workshop had no heating apparatus of any kina, and, though it was freezing, the contestants were in their shirt-sleeves, and yet were perspiring. Then the challenger waatbns addressed by his opponent, who nai^ceased working and had been engaged a few moments in apparent deep thought: “ I cannot understand it; I can only accept and respect it. I have nearly twice your strength, and have had ten years more experience. I can look clear over your head, and can hold you with one hand; and yet I am Beatpn, beaten at my own job, too; and, worse than all, I cannot for the life of me tell how it was done.” He surveyed himself, held out his strong arms and looked at them, then shrtlggea his shoulder; and went on with his work. He might look within himself, and find, so far as his understanding was capable of judging, every element of superiority, except in that mysterious, intangible. indescribable qualification known to him under the cognomen of skill, which the closest scrutiny of the most experienced eye cannot detect save in its results. —Scientific American.

The Smallest Church in England.

Wastdale, a little parish in England, has the smaljest church in that country, and It is a very diminutive affair. It has but eight pews, and yet is capable of accommodating double the population of the district. The rector opens the church himself and rings the bell. Then he dons his ecclesiastical robes in the presence of his congregation. There is no musical instrument in the church, and the minister leads the singing. His sermons are very short—a recent one occupying only seven and a hall minutes in its delivery. Two services are held every Sunday, and this rector, clerk, precentor, sexton, bell-ringer and church warden, all combined in one, receives for the performance of his varied duties the modest little salaiy of about SBOO. In comparison with this item of salary the income of tho Bishop of Rochester, who has just been appointed to the new off 01 w. ainans, iooks mountainous, it will amount to SBO,OOO. > The largest farm in the State of Rhode Island contains 1,150 acres.

HOME, FARM AND GARDEN.

—Persons who are not successful in propagating vines by cattings should try their hand at making layers. Any shoot of one year’s growth which can be bent down and covered with earth can be used for this purpose. Strong and vigorous [ilants can be produced the first season by aylng, which Is not always true of cuttings.— Semi-Tropical. —The following is an excellent recipe for a lemon pie: Orate the rind of one small lemon, or half a large one; beat the yelks of two eggs; four tablespoons of sugar; beat altogether; add to tills half a pint cold water, with one and one-half tablespoons of flour In It; rub smooth so there will be no lumps; beat the whites of two eggs to a stiff froth; stir this in your pie-custard before you put it in the pan. Bake with one crust, and bake slow. — l The manner of cultivating asparagus by annually adding a layer of rresli dirt is a success. If these layers are made alternately of clay loam and sand ioam, I suggest that it would be an improvement. There is a mulching power in clay on sand and sand on clay that is not half un derstood nor but very little practiced to what it should be on our light sandy soils where clay knolls abound so plentifully. —Gardeners' Monthly. —Mr. Bell, in the Gardener's Monthly, gives these directions for destroying the rose slug: Dissolve; one tablespoonful of white hellebore in two gallons of boiling water. When cool enough to use, apply to the rose bushes with a whisk broom, bending the plants over so as to reach the under as well as the upper side of the leaves, dashing the water on in a fine spray. One application is generally sufficient for the season. —“How to make walks about the house hard without much cost” is a question which we have often asked ourselves without ever receiving a satisfactory reply. Coal ashes, sand, such as is used for making mortar, and clay in the proportion of rather more sand than coal ashes—the difference made up with the clay—all well mixed together and laid at least four inches deep, will become very compact and hard. Macadamized paths are to be recommended in point of cheapness. Collect all the stones you can. Place the large in the bottom and fill in with the smaller ones, covering, as above, with Sand, ashes and a little clay.— Moore's Rural. —A reader of Scribner Irving in New Jersey writes to know if strawberries planted in the early part of September will bear a crop of fruit next year. To this inquiry I would say—yes, under the following conditions: Ist. The soil must be rich, deep and mellow. 2d. The plants must be of this year’s growth, with healthy roots and plenty of them, and must be transplanted in moist or damp weather, and if the weather continues dry, must be watered freely a few times, always in the evening when the sun has gone down. 3d. The [strawberry-bed must be mulched before cold weather sets in, with yard manure, to be left on until spring. With such treatment, abed of strawberries may be set out in September that will yield, not quite as much fruit as if put out in the spring, but enough for family use; and the berries will be, on the average, of larger size than those of the spring planting. — P. T. Quinn, in Scribner for September. —An English butter-maker of large experience, who is now on a visit to this country for the purpose of looking over our cheese and butter dairies, gives us the following information concerning a method in practice among the best butter makers of England for hardening or rendering bhtter firm and solid during hot weather. Carbonate of soda and alum are used for the purpose, made into a powder. For twenty' pounds of butter one teaspoonful of carbonate of soda and one teaspoonful of powdered alum are mingled together at the time of churning and put into the cream. The effect of this powder is to make the butter come firm and solid, and to give it a clean, sweet flavor. It does not enter into the butter, but its action Is upon the cream, and it passes oft with the buttermilk. The ingredients of the powder should not he mingled together until required to be used, «r at the time the cream is in the chum ready for churning. —Watertown (N. F.) Times.

Sheep and Cows Pastured Together.

Since the decline in the price of cheese, some of our dairy farmers are advocating the introduction of sheep upon their farms in connection with the aairy, and it is suggested that sheep find cows may be kept together upon the same pasture with advantage. The reasons given are that grasses left or refused by cows will be eaten by the sheep, and thus there will be less waste on account of tufts and patches of grass left by the cows to mature and to become hard and woody. And again, the droppings of the sheep over the surface of fields render the soil more fertile and increase the productiveness of pasturage. Sheep also, it is said, serve a good purpose in keeping horned cattle ealthy. Some of the reasons given may be all true enough, and yet sheep in any considerable number, it is believed, ought not to be pastured with milch cows. Sheep, as is well known, pick out the finest and best grasses, leaving those that are coarse and less nutritious for the other stock. Milch cows pastured with sheep, when the latter are in considerable number, it has been observed, yield less milk and milk of poorer quality than when the two classes of animals are pastured separately. The reason is obvious. If the best and more nutritious grasses be selected and eaten down close, leaving the poorer grasses for the oows, it is evident they cannot make such good returns as they would upon a more favorable diet. The best pastures for milk are those which will make the most beef. Old pastures, as is well known, are much better for fattening than recently-re-seeded grounds. The old turf is filled with a greater rarity—with finer and more nutritious herbage, from which meat can be made—than the coarse and flashy feed of new pastures, and it is upon such pastures that the most and best quality of milk is produced. Now, any class of animals like sheep, that “ bite close” and select out the more nutritious of the grasses, must to a certain extent leave the balance of the food comparatively poor in quality. Sheep, it is true, will often eat plants that are left by cews, and if they Would always or wholly feed upon the food left by the cows, doubtless mere would be an important gain in pasturing the two varieties of animals together. But in practice we find the sheep preferring the best herbage, and as they bite closer than cows, fhey can always keep the advantage when pastured together. -The Idea of keeping sheep on dairy farms is not a bad one at this time by any means, but we should prefer that they be pastured by themselves or with young cattle, and not with the herd of milch cows.

The character of pasturage for the production of milk of superior quality is imperfectly understood by many dairymen, and there can scarcely be a doubt but that the delivery of milk at factories from different farms in many instances operates un equally, since the poor milk is credited alike with the richer.—JfctraZ New Yorker.

Preparation of Fertilizers and Manures.

When tlio farmer has ascertained the kind of plant-food needed for the intended crop and required by the soil, he is then prepared to apply his fertilizers with intelligence and effect; and so far as it depends upon the mere presence of epriching material in the earth he will easily be able to bring his land up to any capacity of yield he may choose, being only limited dj the expense. , He will discover, liowever, that the mere presence of manure is not all that is required, even though it contains ihe precise ingredients that are lacking in the soil. The condition in which it is applied has no small influence on the effect it is .capable of producing. If any of the fertilizers are fn a hard. Concrete undivided mass they must be pulverized. If, in fact, they are not already in a state of, minute subdivision, they must be brought to that condition before applying them. Some of the saline fertilizers are procured in a state of powder, others in hard lumps that need to be crushed or dissolved. But the manure requiring most attention in this respect is that of the farmyard. It is not a little remarkable that in the very case where the process of reduction and disintegration is most of all needed it seems to be most neglected. The contents of the stalls and of the compost heap, which from the variety so materials they comprise need to be elaborately worked over and subdivided in order to be thoroughly intermingled, are yet frequently carted upon the land in rude lumps and unbroken masses that strangely contrast with the fine roots and fibers through the pores of which they have yet to enter before they can nourish the growing plant. Few farmers comprehend the importance of attending to this item in the preparation of their fertilizers. Plants feed mainly at the extremities of the rootlets, through mouths too small to be seen by the naked eye. The finer the manure is made, the more easily it is dissolved in water, and the sooner it passes Into the circulation. The cultivator who intends to secure a maximum crop, or even a tolerably paying yield, will find it necessary to attend to his fertilizers, whatever may be the kinds employed, and to reduce them to a suitable degree of fineness before applying them to his soil. —Christian Union. *■

Sheep Farming.

A Western farmer whose experience in stock raising has not been very satisfactory asks our opinion in regard to the profit of sheep. We formerly had some experience in sheep-raising, and never failed to find it a source of profit. When to the value of the mutton and the wool is added that of the manure (which is too often overlooked), it seems impossible that sheep, farming should fail to pay, and pay well. But we have generally found that those make mutton the first object, and regard the wool as subordinate, are the most successful. Yet this, after all, must depend in some measure upon location. The method successfully followed for many years by John Johnston, of Geneva, is to raise com, barley, oats, wheat and hay, and purchase sheep in the fall to feed up the various products raised, and fatten them for the market. In this way manures were secured, and a greater profit realized for the products raised on the farm than if sold at market prices. His sheep were fed twice a day, at first half a pound each in the morning early, and again at four o’clock p. m. After a while the feed is gradually increased to a pound of grain per day. Straw or hay is fed three times a day, the straw mostly during the first part of the fattening season, and the hay for finishing off. Oil meal is also used for feeding when it can be obtained at reasonable rates. He maintains that no animal will take on fat as rapidly as sheep if they are in fair condition to begin with. —Christian Union.

A Renowned Stranger.

He called himself Nevada Bowie Knife. He sat in a saloon on Randolph street with a fur cap on his head, canvas shoes on his feet, and a knife and revolver in his belt. On the table before, bim was the scalp of a Sioux warrior. The warrior who used to wear it had gone out of the deviltry business ana become a shadow in the spirit land. It wasn’t the only scalp taken by Nevada Bowie Knife. The oilier 200 were barreled up at home to keep them away from the moths*. ; To come down to business, N. B. K. had killed 800 Indians, first and last, and he wasn't half through yet. He was drinking a good deal of beer at the crowd’s expense, and he was on the point of selling the scalp for five dollars, when in came a man who surveyed him closely and called out; “Now you pull down your vest, old boy ! You work in a cooper-shop on High,gtreet, live on Adams avenue, and that seal £> was made of a piece of buffalo-robe stolen from a livery-stable! Get out of here now or I’ll tell about your being in the House of Correction.” The Nevada Bowie Knife didn’t say a word. Even when a stool hit him in the back he didn’t raise an argument. He left behind him the scalp, a bead pincushion and a bad impression, and ere this he has once more placed himself astride of his shave-horse and shaved, shaved, shaved the pliant hoops to further suppleness. —Detroit Free Frest.

Many wtio are suffering from the effects of the worm weather and are debilitated are advised by physicians to take moderate amounts of wnisky two or three times during the day. In a Httle while those who adopt this advice frequently increase the number of and in time become confirmed inebriates. A beverage which will not create thirst for intoxicating liquors and which is intended especially for the benefit of debilitated persons, Whether st home or abroad, is Dr. Bchenck’s Sea Weed Tonic. Containing the Juices of many medicinal herbs, this preparation does not create an appeUtefor the intoxicating cap. The nourishing and the life-supporting properties of many valuable natural productions contained in it and well known to medical men have a most strengthening influence. A single bottle of the Tonic will demonstrate its valuable qualities. For debility arising from sickness, over-exertion, or from any cause whatever, a wineglassful of Sea Weed Tonic taken altar meals will strengthen the stomach and create aa appetite ter wholesome food. To all who are about leaving their homes ws desire to say that the excellent effects of Dr. and Mandrake Pills—are particularly evident when taken by thoss who art Injuriously affected by a change es water and diet. Wo person should leave home without taklag a supply of these safeguards along. Foe sals by all Druggist*.

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CHOICE FARMING LANDS The test and cheapen in market, on the line of the Chios Pacino Railroad, In Eastern Nebraska, for sale on long time and Vow rates of Interest. Secure a home now. Full Information about lands, prices, Ac.; also new descriptive pamphlet, new number of Pioskxb sent free to all applicant*. Address O. F. DAVIS, Land Commissioner C. F.K.R, OinabaNeb. TOE MW <PH* • 14 W w MWFWH fwfi MM IWMM«

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Now and then a happy hit sends a man high up the aq&le of fortune. and favor. r The rr i.blow must be well aimed andskillfufly _ struck however. Dr. Kress, *pol<f ; German physician, made: such a£f timely hit when hrdiscovered thecom- bination that made Kretf Nttoer 2bn- ic, the mostcertain Ague cur© used. It is a specific for fevers, be- cause it destroys the fever producing germs that enter the system; it drives disease away. Containingbeither Arsenic. Strrchnine nor any other Doi- ?' ingredient, no hurtful effects follow its use. Box of Liver with every bottle Kress Manufacturing Ccl, Cincinnati, O.

ORGAN FOR SALE. AT_A RAROAIN. , 10-Stop Sew Cabinet Organ. Manufacturer-, Price *3«X Will b» Sold for S2OO Cash. AUna j. McCurdy, 1 19 Jkluoh »t., Chicago, lU. Ik N. IP. IrUHNHAM’B jflsL 1874 Turbine JkWATER WHEEL MfilsSailK Hae displaced hundreds of other 9 Turbines, hot hu never been School PhjrsJiana rapwt: "ti nMMr /br thUdrtn and /oimifoo.** “ Tbo oily ffjirirf Iztrnt of BtcJ / The Enemy of Dipease, tie Foe of Pain to Wan and Beast, Is the Grud Old MUSTANG LINIMENT, fsnse. rsßjffiSßsamwKa BsustsasssJsisFiyaa&afcs i > BmHmnmm : ' ;.’y. " 1 1 ' '?rSMITH’S Cm Mail Renovator. Twenty yean’ experience proves that 'ft will POBISMITH’S SMITH’S SMITH’S OBEBN MOUNTAIN BBNOVATOB Cure* S'kUa uud M»rt tHfum,. SMITH’S GEHEk MOUNTAIN KENOVATOB Cnrm UUrrOim V vujoss sue Atwr-’ ■nmuoEi wnnainwnns Vurt* Chromic Hksusntfm uM Seundqk Afertkm*. SMITH’S GBEEN MOUNTAIN BBNOVATOB A toons**** I* Ms&nf For Certificate*, See Circular*. worn BAM* bv AM nmvGwtsrs. WHOLESALE WKbTERN AGENTS, EUPEON. — 1 - . Teitimoniali from well-known dtUeni of Chicago a shorter space of time than any other known remedy. Cure* SheumoNrai muA Xeuralfia. striPEdsT Cmree Heedoefcs aaS Tuufhnohe. TTTT T=> TP. rr “NT Cure* JBuvnm mnd Mbfm&jf* ETJPEO3ST (lutes Pleurisy anti JPetostc. ■ , Cure u* Carbuncles attA Bunion*. Cures BiphtAerlm auA Bare Throat. Tot certificate, see circulars. ’ T - FOB SALK BT ALL DHUGGirra. iHrT^HUßLqin^jrcp., wm IFMTIHG TO ABYEBTIMUM7rfeIUSi rarwk W