Rensselaer Union, Volume 8, Number 18, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 20 January 1876 — ONE HUNDRED YEARS. [ARTICLE]

ONE HUNDRED YEARS.

The New York Herald has compiled the following record of leading important events occurring in the United States during the past 100 years, beginning with the issuing of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776: 1776. July 4.—Declaration of Independence signed and promulgated in Philadelphia by the representaUyes of thirteen States, viz.: Massachusetts, having five; Connecticut, four; New Hampshire, three; Bhode Island, two; New York, fonr; New Jersey, five; Pennsylvania, nine; Delaware, three; Maryland, four; Virginia, seven; North Carolina, three; South Carolina, four, and Georgia three representatives. Total number of signers, fifty-six. The country contained 815,615 square miles. Aug. 22. —British troops landed on Long Island. Aug. 27.—Battle of Long Island. Sept. 15.—Gen. Washington evacuated New Yack, the British-taking possession of the city, Oct. 28.—Battle of White Plains, N. Y. Nov. 16—Port Washington, on Manhattan Island, surrendered to the British. Nov. 18.—Fort Lee, on the Hudson Kiver, evac- * uated by the Americans. 1 Dec. s.—An additional $5,000,030 of Continental paper money was issued, making a total of $20,000,000. Dec. B.—Washington crossed the Delaware River. Dec. 25.—Washington recrossed the Delaware. Dec. 26.—Gen. Washington surprised the British army at Trenton, N. J. 1777. Jan. 2.—Battle of Princeton, N. J. April 25.—Marquis Gilbert Mottier Lafayette arrived at Charleston, S. C.,from France. June 14.—Adoption of the American flag by Congress. July s.—The British Gen. Burgoyne invested Ticonderoga. Aug. 6.—Battle of Oriskany, N. Y. Aug. 16. —Battle of Bennington. Sept. 11.—Battle ot Stillwater, N. Y. Battle of Brandywine. Sept. 27.—Philadelphia occupied by the British. Oct. 4.—Battle of Germantown, Pa. Oct. 7.—Battle of Saratoga, N. Y. Oct. 15.—Kingston, N. Y., burned by the British. Oct. 17.—Gen. Burgoyne surrendered at Saratoga. Dec. 15.—The American army retired into winter quartern at Valley Forge, Pa. 1778. During this year the American army encountered great distress, owing to the absence of all the necessaries that contribute to comfort. Jan. 9.—Battle of Suubnry, Ga. Feb. 6. —Prance acknowledged American independence and a treaty was ratified. June 18.—British army evacuated Philadelphia. June 28.—Battle of Monmouth, N. J. July B.—Wyoming massacre. July B.—Articles of confederation adopted unanimously. July 11.—The French Admiral d’Estaing arrived at Newport, Va. Sept. 14.—Benjamin Franklin appointed first Minister to France. Aug. 29,—Battle of Rhode Island. Mov. 12.—Massacre at Cherry Valley, N. Y. Dec. 28.—Savannah, Ga., captured by the British. 1779. May.—The' British burned Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suffolk and Gosport, in Virginia. June I.—Battle of Verplanck’s Point. July.—The British destroyed New Haven, Fairfield, Norwalk and Greenwich, in Connecticut. Jffly 15.—Gen. Wayne captured Stony. Point. Aug. 13 —Battle of Penobscot, Mes Aug. 29. Battle of Chemung. Oct 3.—The Americans attempted to retake Savannah, but were unsuccessful. Oct. 11.—Joseph Puluski died, having bean •wounded in the attack on Savannah. Oct. 20.—British withdrew from Rhode Island. 1780. May 11.—Charleston, S. C., surrendered to the British June 23. —Battle of Springfield, N. J. Aug. 16.—Battle of Camden. Aug. 19.—Baron DeKalb, an American Briga-dier-General in the war of the Revolution, died ■of wounds reeoived at the battle of Camden, agea forty-eight. Sept. 4.—Benedict Arnold’s treason discovered. Sept. 28.—Maj. Andre was captured by three militiamen named John Paulding, David Williams and Isaac Van Wart. Oct. 2.—Maj. John Andre, an Adjutant-Gen-eral in the British Army, waß hanged as a spy, at Tappau, on the Hudson River, N. Y. y Oct. 7.—Battle of King's Mountain, South Carolina.

1781. Jan. I.—The militia of Pennsylvania and New •Jersey revolt. Jan. 17.—Battle of Cowpens, S. C. New London burned. Fort Griswold, on the opposite side of Thames River, taken and a number of people massacred by British soldiers under the commandos ihe traitor, Benedict Arnold. New London was Arno Id’s native county. June s.—Augusta, Ga., capitulated to Uie Americans. Aug. 28.—Gen. Cornwallis, commander of the British army, entered Y’orktown, Va. Sept. B.—Battle of Eutaw Springs, S. C. Oct. 6.—The Americau forces invest Y’orktown. Oct. 19.—Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, with his whole army, at Yorktuwn. 'ml Feb. s.—American independence acknowledged by Sweden. Feb. 25.—American independence acknowledged by Denmark. March 24.—American independence acknowledged by Spain. April B.—The United States vessel Hyder Alley, carrying sixteen gnns, captured by the British ship Geu. Monk, carrying twenty-nine guns. April 19.—American independence acknowledged by Holland. ■. May 3. —George Washington indignantly refuged to be made King. May 13. Society of Cincinnati formed by officers of the American army. -July—.—American independence acknowledged by Russia. Oct. B.—Treaty formed with Holland. 1783. Jan 20.—Preliminary Articles ol peace signed by British and American Commissioners, at Versailles, France.--March 15.—The American army disbanded at Newbnrg, N, Y. May 2-I— James Otis, one of the most distinguished men of Massachusetts, was killed by a stroke of lightning, at the age of fifty-nine. Sept. 3.—John Jay, John Adams aniftenjamin Fra klin negotiated a final treaty of peace with England, at Paris. , Nov. 25.—New York city evacuated by the British. # k Dec. 4.—Gen. Washington separated from the Dec. 23.—jfeeorge Washington resigned his commission as Major-General of the United States into the hands of Congress at Annapolis, Md. During the war the English employed to aid them in the subjection of the country over 12,090 Indians, whose mode of warfare was to take scalps, not prisoners, and to massacre women and children. As an evidence ot this fact Capt. Gerrlsh, of the New England militia, captured on the frontier of Canada eight packages of scalps, properly cured and dried, which were to be sent to England as a present from the Seneca Indians to George 111. The packages mnlained forty-three scalps of soldiers, 297 of armers, eighty-eight of women, 190 of hoys, 211 if girls, twenty-t» o of infants, and 122 assorted, naking a total of 973 scalps. 1785. Jane 9.—John Adams, the first ambassador rom the United States to the court of Bt. James, i»d an audience with the King of Great Britain. 1786. June 12.—Nathaniel Greene, a Major-General ■n the Army of the Revolution, died, aged forty■jot, . I 1787. ■ The first cotton mill in the United States was ■uilt at Beverly, Mass. ■ May 25. - The convention to form the Constitu■oa of the United States met at Philadelphia. ■ Sept. 17.—The Constitution of the United States ■as adopted unanimously, and presented to the Kates for ratification. ■ Dec. 7.—Delaware was the first State that ac■pted the Constitution. ■ Dec. 12.—Pennsylvania accepted the Constito- ■ >n. ■Dec. 18.—New Jersey accepted the Constitu- ■ * 1788. Hlan. 2.—Georgia accepted the Constitution. Wan. 9.—Conner tic at accepted the Constitution. ■Feb. b.—Massachusetts accepted the Constltu-

April 28.—Maryland accepted the Constitution. May 23.— South Carolina accepted the Constitution. June 21.—New Hampshire accepted the Conititution. June 26.—Virginia accepted the Constitution. July 26.—New York accepted the Constiiution. April 6.—Meeting of the First United States Congress under the Constitution at New York. April 30.—George Washington, of Virginia, was naugurated the first President of the United States. Ndv. 21.—North Carolina accepted the Consttution. 1790. First census of the United States—population, 3,929,827. The first tariff act passed by Congress. April 17.—Benjamin Franklin, of Pennsylvania, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, died, aged eighty-four. May 29—Rhode Island was the last State to accent the Constitution. May 29.—Israel Putnam, a General in the Revolutionary Army, died, aged seventy two. July 16.—President Washington sigoed the bill to place the seat of the National Government on the Potomac River. 1791.. First woolen mill built In the United States, March 4-.—Vermont admitted into the Union. 1792. John Paul Jones, bom in Scotland, a commander In the UnitedStatesNavy during the War of the Revolution, died, aged forty-five years. Jujyl.—Kentucky admitted into the Union. April 2.—United States Mint established at Philadelphia. August and September—Whisky insurrection in Pennsylvania. 1793. Jan. 31.—Lehigh, Pa., coal-mines discovered. April 22.—President Washington’s proclamation of neutrality between France and England. July 25.—Roger Sherman, of Connecticut, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, died, aged seventy-two. Sept. 18.—The comer-3tone of the Capitol in Washington was laid. Oct. B.—John Hancock, «f Massachusetts. President of the convention that adopted the. Declaration of Independence, died, aged fifty-five. 1794. Cotton-gin patented by Eli Whitney. Aug. 20.-Gen. Wayne defeated a large body of Indians near the rapids Of the Miami of the Lakes. { 1795. Jan. 1.- Alexander Hamilton resigned the office of Secretary of the Treasury. Sept. 17. -President WMiington issued his farewell address. *-1 ... 1797. March 4.—John Adams, of Massachusetts, was inaugurated the Be'cond President of the United States. June 6.—Patrick Henry died. 1798. War apprehended with France, and Gen. Washington resumed command of the army. 1799. December.—Anthony, known as Mad Anthony Wayne, a Major-General in the Army of the Revolution, died, aged fifty-one. Dec. It.—Gen. George Washington (the Father of his Country). ex-President of the United States, died at Mount Vernon, aged sixty-seven. 1800. Second census of the United States; population, 5,305,940. Augu-t.—The Government of the United States was established at Washington, D. C. Sept. 30.—Treaty with the French Directory. 1801. March.—Congress declared war against Tripoli. March 4.—Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, was inaugurated third President of the United States. Nov. 26.—William Darke, an officer of the War of the Revolution, died, aged sixty-six. 1802. March 16.—Military Academy founded at West Point, on the Hndson River. ■■■- ■- April 30.—Ohio admitted into the Union. 1803. April 30.—The Territory of Louisiana, contaraing9jo.92B square miles, ceded by France to the United States. 1804. June 3.—Philip Schuyler, a Major-General in the Revolutionary Army, died, aged seventythree. July 11.—Alexander Hamilton, the companion of Washington, at the age of forty-seven was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr. 1805. Peace re-established between the United States and Tripoli. ; 1806. Impressment ol American seamen begun by Great Britain.

April «.—Horatio Gates, a General In the Army of the Revolution, died in New York city. May 3.- Robert Morris, of Pennsylvania, one of the-signers of the Declaration of Independence, died, aged seventy-three. Oct. 25. - Henry Knox, a Major-General in the Revolutionary Army, and Secretary oi War under President Washington, died, aged fifty-six. 1807. February—Aaron Bnrr arrested for treason. Aug. B.—Aaron Burr tried for treason and acquitted. p Aug. 18.—Robert Fulton took hie first steamboat from Nt w York to Albany. Nov. 26.—Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut, Chief-Jtißtice of the United States Supreme Court, died, aged sixty-three. It having b’en ascertained that ’four British seamen were harbored on board the American frigate Chesapeake and their surrender refused, the British man-of-war Leopard poured a broadside into the Chesapeake, which killed twenty men. 4 1808. Jan. I.—The Importation of slaves into the United States prohibited. Dec. 22.—Congress laid an embargo on American vessels. 1809. March 4.—James Madison, of Virginia, was inaugurated the fourth President of the United States. , March.—The embargo on American vessels was raised, and Congress passed a Non-Intercoarse act. 1810. Third census of the United States. Population, 7,239,814. May 9.—Gen. Benjamin Lincoln died. 1811. Nov. 71—Battle of Tippecanoe. April.—Another embargo laid npon American vessels. Apnl 10.—Louisiana admitted into the Union. April 20.—George Clinton, Vice-President of the United Slates, died in Washington. June 18.—War declared against Great Britain. July 2.—Peter Gansevoort, a General in the Army of the Revolution, died, aged sixty-three years. Ang.'l6.—Gen. William Hull surrendered his army and the Territory of Michigan to the British. Aug. 19.—The United States frigate Constitution captured the British frigate Guerriore. Oct. 13.—Battle of Queenstown. Oct. 18.—The United States sloop-of-war Wasp captured the British sloop-of-war Frolic; but two hours after both vessels were taken by the British man-of-war Foictiere. Oct. 23.—The United States frigate United States captured the british frigate Macedonian. Dec. 22.—The British frigate Southampton captured the American brig Vixen, and both vessels were totally wrecked five days afterward. Dec 29,—The United States frigate Constitution captured the British frigate Java. , 1818. Jan. 17 —The British frigate Narcissus captured the United states schooner Viper. Feb. s.—Chesapeake Bay blockaded. _"'eb. 22.—Ogdensburg, N. Y., taken by the Briiuh. *

Feb. 94.—The United States ship Hornet captured the British brig Peacock. April 27—York, Upper Canada, taken by the Americans. May 3.—Havre de Grace, Md., bnrned by the British blockading squadron. May 27.—Port George and Fort Erie snrrendered to the Americans. May 29—Sackett’a Harbor attacked by the British, who were repnlsed. June I.—Naval battle off Boston harbor between the United Stales frigate Chesapeake, ander command of Capt. James Lawrence, and the Briush frigate Shannon, in which the Chesapeake was captured. Capt. Lawrence waa mortally wounded. During the engagement, after being wounded, he raised himself from the deck or the vessel and shouted: “Comrades, don’t give up the ship!" June . The town or Sodas, on Lake Ontario, bnrned by the British. July 4.—Fort Schloseer taken by the British. July 11.—The British destroyed the barracks and block-houses at Black 8.-cL Ang. i— The british defeat d in their attack on Fort Stevenson. Aug. Congress levied a direct tax npon the States for S3.<M),UOU.

Aug. 10.—The United States schooners Julia and Growler were captured by the British on Lake Ontario. , Aug. 10.—The British attacked St. Michael’s, Md., and were defeated. Aug. 14.—The British sloop-of-war Pelican captured the United States brig Argus. Ang. 14.—The British took possession of Queenstown, Md. oept. s.—The United State* brig Enterprise captured the British brig Boxer. Sept. 10.—Battle of Lake Brie. Capt. Perry, who commanded the victorious American squadron, iu announcing the result of tne action, said: “ We have met the enemy, and they are ours.” Sept. 23.—The United States frigate President captured the British schooner Highflyer. Sept. 28.—Detroit evacuated by thesßritish. Oct. 2.—Part of the British squadron on Lake Ontario captured. '• ** Oct. s.—The Americans defeated the British at Moravian Town, Upper Canada. Oct. 5. —Battle of the Thames, in Canada, in which the Indian chief Tecumseh was killed. Oct. 11.—Battle of Williamsburg. 'Nov. 9. —Gen. Jackson defeated the Creek Indians at Talladega. Dec. 2.—The public stores at Cumberland Head, on Lake Champlain, were burned by the British. Dec. 10.—The New York militia abandoned Fort George. Dec. 17.—A general embargo laid by act of Congress. Dec. 29.—The British and Indians surprised Fort Niagara,- killed 250 Americans composing the garrison and massacred a number of women and children in the neighborhood. 1 Dec. 29 —The British bnrned the villages of Lewistown, Y’ouugstown, Manchester ana Tuscarora, in New York. Dec. 30.—The British burned Black Rock and Buffalo. 1814. Feb. 25.—Peace Commissioners Clay and Russel] sail from New Y’ork for Gottenburg in the United States frigate John Adams. March 28.—Gen. William Hull, who surrendered his army to the British at Detroit on the 16th of August, 1812, was found guilty by a court-martial and sentenced to be shot. April 21.—The United States sloop-of-war Frolic was captured by the British frigate Orpheus and schooner Shelbourne. April 25.—The President remits the sentence of death upon Gen. Hull. April 25.—The blockade of the whole American coast was prdclaimed by the British Admiral Cochrane. ‘ April 29.—The United States sloop-of-war Peacock captured the British sloop-of-war L’Epervicr. May 6.—Fort Oswego was captured by the British. June 28.—The United States sloop-of-war Waßp captured the British sloop-of-war Reindeer. July 3.—Fort Erie surrendered. July 5. —Battle of Chipi-ewa. July 24.—Battle of Lundy Lane. Canada. July 25.—Battle of Niagara, or Bridgewater. July 30.—Lord Gambier, Henry Goulbourn and William Adams were appointed, by the British Government, Commissioners to treat upon propositior.s of peace with the United States. Aug. 24.—The Capitol building at Washington was burned by the British. Sept. I.—The British sloop-of-war Avon was sunk by the United States sloop-of-war Wasp. Sept. 11.—Battle on Lake Champlain. Sept. 11.—Battle of Plattsburg, N. Y. Sept. 12.—Battle of Baltimore, Md. Nov. 7.—The British’we re driven from Pensacola, Fla. Nov. 13.—Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence audvice-Presidentof the United States, died in Washington, aged seventy. Dec. 24.—Treaty of peace between the United States and Great Britain concluded at Ghent, iu East Flanders. The treaty was signed on the part of the Americans by John Quincy Adams, Albert G« Hal in, James A. Bayard, Henry Clay and Jonathan Russell.

Dec.” 27.— I The treaty of peace was ratified by Great Britain. 1815. Jan. B—Battle of New Orleans. Jan. 9.—Congress imposed another direct tax upon the States for $6,01)0,000. Jan 15.—The Uuited States frigate President was captured by the British ship Majestic, razee Kndymion and frigates Tenedos and Pomona. Jan. 20—President Madison vetoed the Uuited States Bank bill. Jan. 26.—The American privateer Chasseur captured the British schooner 3t. Lawrence. Feb. 17—The treaty of Ghent was ratified by the United Statos Government. Feb. 2)l.—The British sloope-oftwar Cyane and Levant were captured by the United States frigate Constitution. Feb. 24.—Robert Fulton, who first brought steamboat navigation to perfection, died, aged fifty. Starch 13.—War declared against Algiers for depredations committed on American commerce. April 6.—Massacre of Dartmoor Prison. 1816. March s.—Congress imposed a third direct tax upon the States for $3,000,000. April.—The United States Bank chartered by Congress for twenty years with a capital of $35,000.000. April 19—Indiana admitted into the Union. 1817. Jan. I.—United States Bank founded. March 4.—James Monroe, of Virginia, was inaugurated the fifth President of the United States. July 4.—Ground was broken for the Erie Canal. Oct. 16.—Thaddeus Kbsciusko died, aged sev-enty-one. Dec. 10.—Mississippi admitted into the Union. 1818. During the year the Seminole war commenced in Florida, internal revenue duties abolished, Revolutionary pensions granted. Dec. 3.—lllinois admitted into the Union. 1819. Feb. 23.—Florida ceded to the United States by Spain. March 2 —Alabama admitted into the Union. 1820. r Fourth census of the United States. Population, 9,688,100. National debt, $89,987,427. March 6.—Missouri admitted into the Union, with proviso that Slavery should be inhibited north of thirty degrees, thirty minutes north latitude. This waa termed the Missouri Compromise. t March 15.—Maine admitted into the Union. March 22.—Stephen Decatur, an American naval officer, was killed in a duel with Commodore Barron. August.—Oliver Hazard Perry, an American naval officer, died, aged thirty-five.

1824. Aug. 15—Gen. Lafayette arrived at New 1 York from France, in response to an invitation from the people of the United States. December.—The House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams President. 1825. The Erie Canal, in the State of New York, was completed. March 4.—John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, was inaugurated the sixth President of the United States. June 17.—The anniversary of the battle, the corner-stone of the Bunker Hill Monument was laid. Sept. 7—Gen. Lafayette embarked for France in the United States frigate Brandywine. 1826. July 4.—John Adams, aged ninety-one, of Massachusetts, and Thomas Jefferson, aged eightythree, of Virginia, both died on the fifty-first anniversary of the independence of their native country. They were the only two signers or the Declaration of Independence that were choaen President. Sept. 13.—William Morgan, who had published a pamphlet divulging the secrets of Masonry, was abducted from Canandaigua. N. Y , and was never afterward satisfactorily heard of. This circumstance created a great excitement for a number of years afterward and not only put a check upon the progress of Masonry, but was the means of creating a pretty powerful Anti-Mason-‘CPßr,y’ 1827. Heavy forces were sent against the Winnebago Indians, who had become troublesome. They were overawed, and up a number of murderers In their tribe. . Nov. 14—Thoms; Addis Emmet died, aged six-ty-three. 1828. Feb. 11— DeWitt Clinton, who projected the Erie Canal, and was four times chosen Governor of tne State of New Y'ork, died, s*ed fifty-nine. 1829, Jan. 19.—C01. Richard Taylor, a soldier of the War of the Revolution, and father of President Zacharv Taylor, died, aged eighty-four. March 4—An rew Jackson, of Tennessee, was inaugurated the seventh President of the United' Sta e*. May 27.—John Jay, of Mew Y’ork, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, died, aged eighty-four.

1830. Fifth census of the United States. Population, 12,866,020. 8 Jan. 6.—Daniel Webster made his great speech in the United States Senate in answer to Mr. Hayne, of South Carolina. Oct. s.—The President issued a proclamation declaring the ports of the United States open to British vessels from the West Indies. . 1881. April 19.—Dissolution of President Jackson’s Cabinet and a new Cabinet formed. July 4.—James Monroe, ex-President of the United States, died on the sixtieth anniversary of American independence, aged seventy-two. 1832. Jan. I.—The national debt of the United States had become reduced to $24,332,234. - July 10.—President Jackson vetoes the bill rechartering the United States Bank. November.—Nullification Convention held in South Carolina, Nov. 14.—Charles Carroll, of Carrolton, Md., the longest survivor of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, died, aged ninety-five. Dec. 15.—President Jackson issued his proclamation in relation to nullification in South Carolina. 1838. Jan. 16. —President Jackson sent a message to Congress deprecating the action of the State o South Carolina in declaring a determination to nullify certain laws of the United States. Dec. 26.—The United States Senate passed • resolution declaring that the Executive had assumed authority and power not conferred by the Constitution and laws, but in derogation of both. 1814. McCormick’s reaper patented. Feb. 14.—William Wirt, the Anti-Masonic candidate for President in 1824, died in Washington. April 15.—President Jackson sent a message to the Senate protesting against the resolution condemning his official acts. 1835. July.—John Marshall, of Virginia, Chief-Jus-tice of the Supreme Court of the United States, died, aged eighty. Dec. 16.—Large fire in New York. Dec. 28.—Maj. Dade and his command, consisting of 117 men, were all but one cruelly massacred by the Seminole Indians in Florida. , 1836. Jan. 15.—President Jackson transmitted to Congress his French indemnification message. March.—Texas declared its independence and separation from Mexico. March 3.—The United States Bank ceased to exist. President Jackson having vetoed the bill for its reebarter. April 21.—Battle of San Jacinto, in Texas. June 15.—Arkansas admitted into the Union. June 28.—James Madison, ex-President of the United States, died, aged eighty-five. 1837. r Jan. 26. —Michigan admitted Into tne Union. March 4.—Martin Van Buren, of New York, was inaugurated the eighth President of the United States. 1838. April 17. —Destructive fire in Charleston, S. C. 1840. Sixth census of the United States. Population 17,068,666. 1841. March 4.—William Henry Harrison, of Ohio, was inaugurated the ninth President of the United States. April 4.—President Harrison, having been in office jußt one month, died in the White House in Washington, aged sixty-eight. April s.—John Tyler, Vice-President, of Virginia, became the tenth President of the United States in consequence of the death of William Henry Harrison. 1842. The Croton aqueduct, which conveys water from Croton River, in Westchester County, to the city of New Y’ork, a distance of forty miles, was completed. _April I.—The Ashburton treaty was signed. This settled the vexed Northwestern boundary questidS. 1644. The first telegraph messages were sent between Washington and Baltimore. June 4.—War declared by the United States against Mexico. \ 1845. March .3.—lowa admitted into the Union. March 4.—James Knox Polk, of Tennessee, was inaugurated, the eleventh President of the United States. April 10.—Large fire in Pittsburgh. June B.—Andrew Jackson, ex-President of the United States, died at the Hermitage, Tennessee aged seventy-eight. July 19.—Great fire in New York. Dec. 29.—Texas admitted into the Union. J 846. Sewing machines indented by Elias Howe, of Connecticut. «■ May B.—Battle of Palo Alto, in Mexico. May 9.—Battle of Resaca de la Palma, in Mexico: July 12.—Second battle of Palo Alto. Aug. 6.—Wisconsin admitted into the Union. Sept. 21.—Capture of Monterey, Mexico. 1847. Ten thousand Mormons from Illinois, under the leadership of Brigham Young, entered Deseret, now called Utah, and founded Salt Lake City. April 18.—Battle of Cerro Gordo, Mexico. March 9.—Landing of the United States troops at Vera Cruz March 29.—Surrender of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Aug. 19,-Battle of San Antonio,Mexico. Aug. 20.—Battle of Cherubusco. Mexico. Sept. B.—Battle of Molino del Rey, Mexico. Sept. 13.—Battle of Chapultepec, Mexico. Sect. 14. —Attack on the Qity of Mexico, which was taken by the United States soldiers. 1848. February.—'Treaty of peace with Mexico, by which California and New Mexico, with 649,762 square miles,-were added to the United States. Feb. 26.—John Quincy Adams, ex-President of the United States, died in Washington, aged eighty-one. July 4—The corner-stone of the Washington Monument was laid in the national capital. - Sept. 9.—Large fire in Albany, N. Y. 1819. March 3.—Florida admitted Into the Union. March 4. Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana, was inaugurated the twelfth President of the United States. May 15.—Great fire in St. Louis. June 16.— James Knox Polk, ex-Presidento: the United States, died, aged fifty-four. 1850. Seventh census of the UStted States; population, 23,191,074. & March 31.—John C. Calhoun died in Washington, aged sixty-eight. July 9.—Great fire in Philadelphia. July 9.—Zachary Taylor. President of the United Stales, died in the White House at Washington, aged sixty year*. July 10.—Millard Fillmore, of New York, VicePresident, became the tlirteenth President of the United States in consequence of the death of Zachary Taylor. ’ 1861. Survey of the coast of the United States completed. May 3.—Great fire in Sab Francisco. July 4. -The coruer-atone of the Capitol extension at Washington was laid. Dec. s.—Lonis Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot, visited the United States. Dec. 21.—The Congressional Library, at Washington, was destroyed b^fire. June 29. Henry Clay died in. Washington, aged seventy-five. 1863. March 4.—Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire, was inaugurated the fourteenth President of the United States. July 14.—Opening of the World’s Fair at New •York. 1854. The Gadsden purchase from Mexico added 27,600 square miles to the area of the United States. Ang. 25 Large fires in Damariscotta, Me.; Troy, N. Y"., ana Milwaukee, Wis. 1857. March 4.—James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, was inaugurated the fifteenth Pres.dent of the United States. Oct. IS.—Great commercial panic. There were 5,123 failures oi business houses. 1658. May 4.—Minnesota was admitted into the Union. ’ "r , Aug. 6.—First Atlantic cable laid between Ireland and Newfoundland. 1869. 'I Feb. 1-3 —Oregbn admitted into the Union. Oct. 17.—John B own’s raid at Harper's Kerry. Nov. 28.—Washington Irving died. um Eighth census of the uuued.(States; population, 31,443,382. National debt, 9164.769,708. ! Japanese Embassy visited the United States. From February, iB2O, to this yaar there arrived iu the United States, from foreign countries, 5,062.414 immigrants.

Jnlv.—Prince of Woles visited the United States, 1861. Jan. 29.—Kansas admitted into the Union. March 4.—Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, was inaugurated sixteenth President of the United States. April 12.—Attack on Fort Sumter. April 19. Massachusetts Sixth Regiment mobbed in Baltimore. April 20.—Harper’s Ferry burned. The war of the rebellion was now fully opened. July 21.—First regular battle of the rebellion at Bull Run. Va. , July.—Gen. George B. McClellan commenced to organize and discipline the Grand Army of the Potomac. „ 1862. At the commencement of the present year the total gold and silver coinage of tne United States amounted to *862,183,546. Jan. 17.—John Tyler, ex-President of the United States, died, aged seventv-two. Feb. 6.—Surrender of Fort Henry, Tenn. Feb. 16.—Fort Donelson, Tenn., surrendered. April 9.—Battle of Shiloh. June 6.—Memphis surrendered. June 26.—Commencement of the seven days' battles aronnd Richmond. July I.—The Union Pacific Railroad bill signed by President Lincoln. May 3.—Battle of Chancellorsville. May 27. —Assault on Port Hudson. June 27.—John Morgan starts on his raid through Ohio. July I.—Battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; three days. July 4.—Vicksburg surrendered. July 13.—New York riots commenced. Aug. 23.—The massacre at the city of Lawrence, Kansas. Sept. 14.—Battles of South Monntaln, Mo. Sept. 15.—Harper’s Ferry, with 11,000 men, surrendered to the rebels. Sept. 16.—Battle of Antietam, Md. Sept. 19.—Battle of Chickamauga. Sept 22.—President Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation. ' W Oct. 21.—Lamentable affair at Ball’s Bluff. Oct. 24.—Battle above the cloud*, on Lookout Mountain, Tenn. Nov. 7.—Gen. George B. McClellan removed from the command of the Army of the Potomac. Dec. 13.—Battle of Fredericksburg, Va. Dec. 27.—Martin Van Buren, ex-President of the United States, died, aged eighty. Dec. 31.—West Virginia made a State.

1864. March 10—The disastrous Red River expedition started, under Gen. Banks. April 12—Fort Pillow, Tenn., massacre. May s.—Battle of the Wilderness. May 9.—Battle of Spotfsvlvanla. June 3—Battle of Cold Harbor. June 17.—Commencement of the attack on Petersburg. Va. June 19—The rebel man-of-war Alabama, commanded by Raphael Semmes, which was built in England and manned mostly by Englishmen, was sunk off Cherbourg, France, by the United States man-of-war Kearsarge, under command of Capt. Winslow. Aug. 7—The forts in*Mobi!e Bay attacked by the fleet under Admiral Farragut. Sept. 2.—Atlanta, Ga., evacuated by the rebels. Oct. 12.—Roger Brooke Taney, of Maryland, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, died, aged eighty-seven. Oct. 19—Battle of Cedar Creek, in the Shenandoah Valley, which Gen. Sheridan changed from defeat to victory by his famous ride from Winchester. Nov. 16—Gen. Sherman’s array commenced Its “ march to the sea’’ through Georgia. Dec. 15—Battle of Nashville. 1865. Feb. 27—Gen. Sheridan left Winchester with 10,000 cavalry on his raid around Richmond. April 2—Richmond evacuated bv the rebels. April 9.—Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered the rebel army in the private dwelling of one of "the inhabitants at Appomattox Conrt-House, Va. This virtually ended the war of the rebellion. April 14.—President Lincoln was assassinated by a man named John Wilkes Booth, who was a play-actor in Washington. April 15.—Abraham Lincoln died of the wounds he received at the hands of the assassin on the previous night. Andrew Johnson, Vice-Presi-dent, of Tennessee, became seventeenth President of the United States in consequence of the death of Abrahatr Lincoln. April 17.—Jefferson Davis captured. April 28.—John Wilkes Booth, the assassin > ; President Lincoln, was shot. July 4—Great fire in Portland, Me. July 7.—Four persons named Herold, Atzerott, Payne and Mrs. Surratt, who were charged with aiding in the assassination of President Lincoln, were hanged in Washington. 1866. July I—The national debt reached its maximum am0unt—52,778,230,173. 1867. March 30.—Alaska purchased by the United States from Russia; price, $7,000,010. 1868. May 16.—Vote taken in the United States Senate on the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, President of the United States. Every Senator was in his seat. The impeachment failed. Jane I.—James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, exPresident of the United States, diea aged seven-ty-seven. 1869.

The Pacific Railroad completed. March 4.—Ulysseg Sydney Grant, of Illinois, was inaugurated the eighteenth President of the United Slates. Oct. 8. —Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire, ex-President of the United States, died, aged sixty-five. Dec. 24—Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War during the rebellion, died in Washington. 1870. Ninth census of the United States. Population, 38,555,983. 1871. , 5 The gold product of the country amounted this year to $66,000,000. « Oct. 9.—G.eat fire in Chicago. ‘ 1872. Nov. I.—Great fire in Boston. 1873. Bept. 7.—The United States received a check from the Government of Great Britain for 9i5,500,00) to gold, beiDg the amoont awarded by the Mixed Congress at Geneva, Switzerland, on account of what are termed the “ Alabama claims.’’ Sept. 29.-John A. Winslow, United States Navy, who commanded the United States man-of-war Kearsarge when she sank the rebel sloop-of-war Alabama, died, aged sixty-three. 1874. March B.—Millard Fillmore, of New York, exPresident of the United States, died, aged seven-ty-four. Dec. 13—King Kaiakaua, of the Hawaiian Islands, the first monarch that ever visited this country, arrived in New York. 1875. July 31.—Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, exPresident of the United States, died, aged sixtyseven. For the first time in the history of the nation there was not an ex-President living. Oct. 12—Three hundred and eighty-third anniversary of the landing of Christopher Columbus and his followers on San Salvador. Nov. 2.—Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts., VicePresident of the United States, died in Washington. 1876. Our Republic commenced in 1776,100 years ago, with thirteen States and 815,615 square miles of territory, which was occupied by about 3,000,000 of civilized human beings. It has now a population of 43,000,01X1, who occupy thirty-seven States and nine Territories, which embrace over 3,000,000 of square miles. It has 65,000 miles of railroads, more than sufficient to reach twice and a half aronnd the globe. The value of its annual agricultural pioductions is S2,:<00,000.000. and Its gold mines are capable of producing S7U.OOU.U 0 a year. It has over 1,000 cotton factories, 580 dally newspapers, 4.300 weeklies and 625 monthly publieations. —Elder Lutz, a preacher in Springfield, Maas., adopted a novel method to retain hia congregation on a recent Sunday evening. He advertised a prayer meeting at half-paat six and a preaching service at seven o’clock in a public hall. The hall was full before tne time for beginning the first meeting, and the door was then locked by a janitor, by order of the Elder, and the janitor, with the key in his pocket, went to his duties as sexton of a church. The door was not opened at the time of closing the prayer-meeting, hut the persons thus trapped ettrly in the evening had to remain until the second service was finished. The effect of an alarm of fire can be imagined.