Rensselaer Union, Volume 8, Number 18, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 20 January 1876 — Page 6

MECHANICAL AND SCIENTIFIC.

—Prof. Poster Iras invented an instru ment for measuring small Intervals of tfaw by moans of the vibrations of\» tupr»‘ isg-m. —<?apt. Burton, ■who recently’ visited Use land of tl»e Pans, says they roast and eat portions of their enemies slain in battle as a quasi-religious rite. —A recent novelty in medical treat«aeht consists of the hypodermical injee'txous of pure or distilled water in cases of Theumatic or other local pain. Tliey are *9 bp applied immediately ovcK die part -affected in quantities of not less than two grams, the maximum being ten or twelve grams. Tliey are said to be almost always serviceable and never at all injuriods. „ , ~ -*-A French physician announces that distressing or excessive palpitation of the heart can almost always be arrested by bending double, the head down and the arms hanging, so as to produce a temporary congestion of the upper portion of the body. In nearly every instance of nervous or aaeunc palpitation the heart Immediately resumes its natural function. If the movements of yespiration arc arretted during this action the effect is still more rapid. —Dr. Bathurst Woodman, in an article contributed to the London Sanitary Record, directs attention to the fact that ginger beer, though usually considered a very Innocent drink, contains a percentage of alcohol about half as large as that found in the malt liquors in common use among the middle classes of society in England, and equal to that in many of the cheaper ales made in that country, aud the beer •drank in Germany and other parts of the <Joqtinent. —ln *a memoir by Ludicke he shows that ttic atmospheric pressure diminishes with the waxing ana increases with the wauing moon. The pressure is less at the perigree than at the apogee, anil in .general the effect of the moon upon the atmosphere is the inverse of that which it produces upon the ocean. The observations on which his results arc based extend over eight years; bin the actual effect af.themoonupo’n the barometric pressure, although uudecided, is yet exceedingly small. —The following pretty optical exmeriment is sent to Nature by Prof. P. E. Nlpher, of St. Louis; Observe a white cloud through a plate of red glass with one eye aud through green glass with the other eye. After some moments transfer both eyes to the red glass, opening aud -closing each eye alternately. The strengthening of the red color in the eye fatigued by its complementary green is very striking. The explanation of the phenomena is, of course, w ell known, and many modifications of the experiment will "readily -suggest themselves.

Medicine at White Heat.

A young American under treatment by Dr. Browq-Sequard, of Paris, writes home an account of that physician’s favorite method of treatment, V the burning of the flesh over the spine, which is interesting in itself, and also as tending to correct or modify greatly the prevalent conception of extreme physical torture as a necessity of the operation. In the first week of his undergoing the actual cautery there were four applications, the first in seven places along the back, the second and third on the head and the back, the fourth on the head only. In connection with this he took (separately) iodide of potassium and arsenic, and subcutaneous iiyections of atroplane and morphine. The burning, he proceeds to say, is not burning at all. “The instrument is of platinum (t e. : as to the tip), and is heated to a white heat in a coal fire; then it is applied two or three times and immediately put back in the fire for the next application. While red-hot iron or platinum would make a terrible burn, there is almost no pain whatevd® when it is at a white heat. I caii’t say there is no pain, for at the moment of application there is a sensation almost like that of ahum; but the instant the instrument is removed the feeling is gone, and there is no sensation whatever afterward. There is, of course, a sear at each point, with a dry scab that wears off, leaving the skin' in its •original state. So that it is really only a drying of the outer layer of the skin; there is no rawness of the fJesh. tlfie has only to guard against the rubbing of the collar on one of these spotß; otherwise there Ssu’ttfie least inconvenience. The skin of the head heals still more quickly, .though it is rather more sensitive; and, in .fact, the sensitiveness increases somewhat after the first application, both on the head and on the back. It is rather worse than a mosquito bite, to which Brown--Sequard compared it, but I stood it without yelling or groaning, and even without clenching my hands. The severity of the treatment has been very much exaggerated in popular estimation, and the above account is as near the truth as '.words will allow.”

Man’s Microscopic Enemies.

Eie name “ trichina spiralis” comes two Greek words, signifying hair and curled, alluding to the hair-like form of the animal and the curled position which it assumes in the cells in which it is found in the muscular system. The .male worm measures only the one-twcnti-*eth of au inch in length ± the female is a .little longer. It was discovered, by Prof. Oweß in a portion of human muscle sent i-to him from St. Bartholomew's Hospital .in I*B4. .In a few hours after the diseased meat ‘■is taken into the stomach, trichinae sepa- . rated from it are found free in that organ. Thence they pass in to. the duodenum. and afterward into the small intestine, where they are developed. On the third or fourth day eggs are discovered, these eggs being alive, as we have found to be the case in other analogous larva* of which we have specimens. From the intestines and other cavities where the young awe first produced they penetrate into the suhstance of the muscles, where sometimes as early as three days after the diseased meat is taken into the stomach they inav be found in considerable numbers. Aoa so Xar developed that the young'ento--zoa have almost attained a size equal to ithat ef.the full-grown trichinae. Theypro,gressivelv advance into the interior of the . small bundles of muscular fiber, where • tfaer may be often seen several in a file, one after die other. Behind them the muscular tissue becomes atrophied, that i is, hardened, and around them an irrita- * tiou is set up whiph m)<ls in producing a ■ cyst in about *#o weeks! TThus it will be seen that the whole muscular system is filled with these parasites, each one the central point ot inflammation, and of course of terrible suffering, until the friendly hand of death closes the scene. These cases, we think, must be more

frequent than Is generally supposed, from oui having so many brought to our notice within a sbert time, and this fact would be a good reason for entirely giving up r swine’s flesh as an article of food. But there is a sure preventive for all this. Thorough cooking will render pork abaolutely free from any injurious effects in this direction. If we give up swine’s flesh for the reason that it contains entozoa we shall be obliged for the same reason to discard all animal food. One of the same family which we have mentioned ns causing sickness among the Egyptians is of frequent occurrence among cattle, sheep and hordes, the hare, the rabbit, etc. Another species is found in the liverof the salmon, in the alimentary canal of the pike anib perch, and also many species infest the feathered trihes. We ought perhaps to say that, although the careful smoking of pork is said to kill the trichinae, it js never sale, in our opinion, to eat pork which is not very thoroughly cooked L. N. Piper.

Donn Piatt and the Dynamite Fiend.

We sailed front Liverpool on the 14th of October last, in the steamship Celtic. Among the passengers, and our roommate, was the late anil now infamous Thomas. He was a stout man, weighing probably 240, had tawny red hair and beard, and wore gold-mounted glasses. We remember him as a handsome, sociable sort of man, and, looking back now. as about the last on shipboard to select as one capable of such a crime. The facts come to us so horribly unnatural and hideously grotesque that they resolve themselves into a sort of nightmare, and we caunot realize that the man we sat with and talked to was the fiend events have since proven him to have been. We had an unusually smooth and pleasant voyage, and about the decks* young girls and mothers and beautiful children were promenading and playing all the while in the sunlight; and how that man could have looked on and listened, and yet kept unaltered or unshaken in his terrible purpose, is more than we can comprehend. , To those who have crossed the Atlantic in these steamships the crime is doubly horrible. To have such a freight of living humanity suddenly hurled into eternity, leaving’ behind no w reck, no trace by which the tragedy could be told, enveloping the loss in an impenetrable mystery’, makes one shrink and shudder more than any other crime known. And vetthatman ate heartily, slept soundly, and to all appearance enjoyed life as’ happily as the most innocent child on board. What made the matter the more striking was that the fiend had failed in liis design on the very people with whom he associated. Had he succeeded in getting his infernal •tacliffle insured he would probably have left us at Queenstown, after winding and setting hisboxed-updeath, andthedoomed vessel and her unoffending freight of passengers never would have been heard of after.— Washington Capital.

Boy Heroism on the Training-Ship.

The burning of the British school-ship Goliath had this good effect: that it served to siiow the excellence of the system by which the boys (all of them mere children and gathered from the very slums of cities) have been trained. “No sooner was the fire-bell rung than every boy was at his place,” says a Loudon journal, “ and from first io list the order was as perfect as if the little workhouse lads had beeu drilled troops.” Many instances of heroism are cited. There was a barge moored close to the ship, and a number of the striplings, mostly between seven and ten years of age, had made good their escape to* her. The flames were blowing toward them fiercely, and some twenty or more of the children, terrified by the heat and almost choked by the dense smoke, wanted to push off for shore, but one of their number, a petty officer named Billy Bolton, mere chili himself, checked the mutiny and held the great craft to her mooring until all who came over that side of the vessel had got safely into her. Capt. Bourchier says that the quiet, resolute bravery of this little fellow was the means of saving more than a hundred lives that w‘ould otherwise have certainly been lost. Another lad named Mouliug', but aptly knowu among bis companions as “Cqpt. Webb,” swam about iu the cold water like a great Newfoundland dog,'picking up the feeble stragglers and helping them into shallow water. Another jumped -over the ship’s side—a height of thirtyfive feet—into the water. He struck a piece of timber and disfigured his face so fearfully that the Captain could not recognize him. The lad, however, being asked how he came by his injuries, replied, with the usual salute, that he had had “ a whack on the head,” and so went on helping his companions out of tire water.— X. Y. Evening Post.

Perilous Nightmare.

Last evening a robust and gentlemanlylooking stranger arrived at the New York Exchange. His life has beeu an eventful one, including many passages at arms with border ruffians, his business for many years being that of a thief-taker. Previous ,o entering the Exchange lie took a couple ot drinks. Soon after seating himself Dear the stove he dropped off into a troubled sleep. One by ope the guests retired, and yet he slumbered. It being near midnight the watchman of the hotel concluded to awaken the sleeper and show him up to his room. He stole'to the stranger’s side, grasped him by the shoulders, and announced that it* was time to go to bed. In a moment the slurnberer awoke and bounded upon him, with the exclamation: “I will run this ranch”’ Fortunately, Officer Ferrington entered at that instant and joined in tlie struggle, which for some minutes was They had great difficulty in preventing the stranger from securing a pistol which was in his belt. Ferringtou finally got a chance to sound his whistle, bringing Officer Pritchard to the scene. About this time a change came over the stranger, and, looking up, he exclaimed, as if puzzled: “Is upossible that I am drunk or dreaming? Where am, I?” Then seeming to take it all in, at a glance, he asked if those around him were officers. Being answered in the affirmative, he accompanied them without further resistance. Upon arriving at the City Hall he gave a brief synopsis of his life, and said that at the time he was clapped ou the shoulder by the watchman of the hotel he was in the midst of a terrible nightmare, in which he fancied himself surrounded and attacked in a Kansas bar-room; that he was not really awake until after the second policeman arrived. All hands were satisfied with the truth of the story and congratulated themselves that the consequences were not mere serioqs.— San Jose (Cal.) Patriot.

Witchcraft in Pennsylvania—Granny Tribble’s Mummeries.

We had a long drive, nearly down to the borders of Berks, past log bouses a hundred years old, past people w ho had never traveled by railway and who have lived their years upon the same farms where they were born. We w ere in quest of the homestead of Granny Tribble, the most famous of backwoods sorceresses, and oiie of the most successful in the practice of primitive black art. She it visited, feed, and believed in by hundreds of simple people in her part of the country. “ f*ow -wowing” is an institution in this section of the State. Nearly every town, hamlet, l>orough', or village in Lancaster, Lebanon and Berks lias its witch or sooth-’ sayer, and these people reallyderive large incomes from their reputed powers. They profess to heal the sick, detect crime, reveal the past, present and future, bring about pestilence aud famine, destroy crops, put spells ou horses and cattle, and plagues on individuals, restore lost articles, and in all.these specialties their pro-, sessions are received with implicit faith by those who patronize them. Granuy Tribble is said to be the most successful of them all. Her works are known far and wide. 0 Our drive let us past Knauer’s, a small post village of Brecknock, and the landlord of the White Hall inn there, in great seriousness aud earnestness, directed us on our way to Granny Tribble’s. The house was half fnime, half log, with a chimney, on one end containing enough material to build / a dozen small houses. We were invited to enter, not with a pleasant bow or a glad smile, but with a haughty sway of the head aud a sweep of the hand, which seemed to say: “ Come in, if you want to.” The woman was tall, and straight to her shoulders, but her head bent forward until her chin nearly touched her breast. She was more than eighty years old, with gray hair, dark eyes, a fair, white skin, aud regular features. She must have been beautiful once. She rested upon a heavy cane, and, half turning, told us to be seated. She seated herself in an old hickory chair, and said: “ Well, well, what is it ye want? Are ye crossed in love, sick or unhappy? What is the trouble?”

This was very much like the soothsaying of 200 years ago. Her story, which she did not give us until after some solicitation, was equally old-fashioned in the simplicity and assurance of its pretensions. It was hard to believe that the woiqan who was talking lived in Pennsylvania and in the nineteenth century. Her father, Heinrich Tribble, she said, was a seventh son, born among the Hartz Mountarns. His grandmother had inherited from her grandmother a rare and mysterious book, which for nearly 800 years had been handed down in the family, and never looked into except by the owners. When the last grandmother was dying she called Heinrich Tribble to her bedside and predicted that he would marry a seventh daughter, and that in course of time his seventh child would be a daughter, and to that daughter she would leave an heirloom, a book more precious than gold. She further stated that that seventh child would he horn with a “ veil on,” and that when she reached the age of seventeen she should receive the book andvall its contents. The aged sorceress died, and, according to her prediction, everything came truly to pass. The father was enjoined to keep his word and follow out her commands to the very letter, “ and ever since,” said the woman, “ I have been in the possession of the book left to me by my father’s grandmother. “ When I had read it tnree years I made up my mind to commence business, and I went to work; and since then I have been doing lor myself and have managed to get along without a husband. “In that book I can see anything I wish. It is not printed, but written. How old it is 1 cannot say. Tjie first tiling I ever learned from it was to stop the flow of blood. It is all in Dutch and I must say the words in Dutch. 1 can stop a wound from bleeding by saying : ‘ Blood, blood, was not made to flow", the Lord himself hath willed it so.’ (This is the translation.) I say these words, pass my finger over and |cross the cut or wound, blow on it three times and the blood will stop flowing, the wound heal up, and there will be m> inflammation. 1 hare three words yet -to say when I dy this. Those words I cannot tell you.” To cure scalds, burns, bruises, sores, ring-worm, scrofula and kindred diseases the old woman has another “pow-wow.” It consists of two verses, which are repeated while the sores are smeared with grease rendered from the weasel. “ Wildfire, small-pox and the itch must be treated with grease rendered from a black cat that has died with its throat cut.” “ These are the commonest uses of powwowing,” she went on. “ I almost forgot to mention the falling fits and ‘falling away.’ Babes waste away to skin ana bone and their mothers don’t know wliat’s the matter with them. They bring the little things here and I take'the spell off them and tltyygetfat and healthy. ‘ Spells’ site put on babies by evil spirits, and the innocents waste away and die, just like a plant that withers for want of water. My book tells me what evil spirit bangs over the child, and that spirit must first be killed. If that is done the little one lives to very old age.” Granny was asked whether she had faith in it. “Faith in it!” said she; “ indeed I have. Nothing would work unless I believed and knew it would under the charm. I have never failed. I have brought back stolen horses, and cattle and money. I have brought back menls wives, and daughters, and sons; ana I have brought back husbands from the paths of vice to their firesides.” The granny stretched up her thin, bony arm, and mysteriously shook her head. “ Yes, indeed! on the wish-bank over the meadow, many and many a time have I sat with my hazel rod and studied the moon and the stars, and read their signs, and heard the voice of the spirit telling me this and tills and this. I djd as I was told, and I have yet to know of a single man, woman or child 1 ever deceived = er ever advised wrongly. “ i~es, lam often asked to do wrong. I can conjure, to be sure. I had an enemylong ago. and he pulled frogs ana worms out ol liis hide for blasphemin' l * me. A farmer cursed me, and his stock and children died. A toll man rented me, and he was carried oft' by unkuown hands to the hills, where he nearly starved to death. How he got there he does not know.” She was asked where she kept her book. “That is buried and it will be out of sight many days. 1 dare not look at it myself. It is wrapped in the veil that came over my face when I was brought to earth, and everything is buried in ashes from the wood of the cypress-tree. I have made my peace with Heaven and I do no more injury to others. Their crops may flourish for all I care, but some must be punished. Many a midnight I have walked around their farms and made them

barren for a season. I have cured a horse by rubbing his tongue with birclfftianc and repeating a German appeal to the Most High. I have‘cured St. Anthony’s dance by the ‘ fire-stone,’ and have relieved peo- ; plu from all bodily complaints by the lilyroot. ** Salt in the stocking prevents toothache ; a piece of pappr with ‘ Hear me, hear me, tiy not from me,’ w-ritten with a raven’s quill with lamb's blood, is a sure protection from assault or danger by flood, or war, or pestilence or disease; four eyelashes wrapped in muslin and carried in the left shoe will increase the sight aud the spfced of walking; dried snakeskin about the wrists prevents apoplexy;” and at this granny pulled up her sleeves and exhibited two ornamented bracelets made out of the skin of beautiful rattlesnakes. Several years ago, she said, she had two fine copperheads stuffed and mounted on a spiral wire that wound around her arms or neck, just like a real serpent. This was to aid the free circulation ofblood and tcTkeep off' nervousness and dyspepsia. “ For luck at sea carry the hazel blossoms, wet or dry; for chills, the fire-fly; for contagions diseases, such as smallpox, etc., black fur from the left tore foot of a cat. : % • “To cure ring-bone on animals, take'a chicken that is perfectly black and less than a year old, and cut his head off. The blood flowing is put on the sore every five hours for three times. To prevent erysipelas from spreading use the blood of a black cat. This has done its work when doctors have failed. “A child lost the use of its arms and limbs. 1 bathed it in the rain-drops under the eaves, dried it with a dish-cloth, burned a shoe found on the wayside, and that child got well.” These and many other cases were related by this strange woman. She lives alone and makes a comfortable living. She has no charges, but tikes what is given her as a present. The farmers tear her and have great confidence in her powers. She has lived among them for fifty years, and has never been known to be sick. —Lancaster (Pa.) Cor. N. Y. Sun.

The Boy at Milford.

The telegraph has informed us that the y-outh, Jimmy Blanchard, alias Charley' lloss, who has been setting the St. Albans people mad for a week, has been finally identified by Mrs. Blanchard as her son, and that this identification is amply confirmed. The whole case is one of the most remarkable on record. It seems almost impossible that a child like the alleged Jimmy could for a week defy the closest cross-questioning of scores of persons, and never reveal by a word or a look his identity as the runaway Milford buy. Yet, so far as any sign of his was concerned, the boy at St. Albans was the missing Charley Ross and none other. If he had ever been anybody 1 else he seemed to have put the thought and remembrance of such fact utterly and entirely away from his mind. Every elfort was made to entrap him into a confession. “ Now, Jimmy,” said the Sheriff, “ I want you to tell me the whole truth about this business, and if you will I’ll stand by l you and be your friend and see that you are protected and taken care of. Now, you know your real name is Jimmy Blanchard. You live in Milford. This woman who is coming to-morrow morning is your mother. Here is Col. Crosby, a nice man and a prominent man in Milford, and he says he knows you and all about you. Now, he must be right and you mistaken, and I want you to tell me the truth about it.” The boy looked straight up in his face, as innocently as a child could, and said: “I have told you the truth. I never lived in Milford. The woman is not my mother. I never saw that man before, and my name is not Jimmy Blanchard, but Charley Ross, and Mr. Ross is my papa.” And so he insisted to the end. The boy’s story was greatly strengthened by 1 the fact that the overcoat and cap produced by the gentleman from Milford, and which the latter stated belonged to the Blanchard boy l , did not fit the waif at St. Albans, being a number of sizes too big for him. It is hardly strange, considering all the circumstances, that the people of St. Albans should be greatly 1 excited or that they should be indignant at the boy’s removal before his identity tad been absolutely and incontrovertibly established. Nor is it strange that they should regard the alleged sharp practice of the child as absolutely impossible in one so young. The idea that he had beeu educated to the trick by other and older persons was soon discarded, for what possible motive could inspire such an act? It was not to be supposed that the father of Charley Ross could be deceived, and upon such deception would necessarily rest the possibility of reward. If he had been taught his piece, too, he would have been weak in collateral matters, and would have been certainly caught; whereas this boy maintained his consistency throughout, and was never detected in a single slip. It is entirely 1 unlikely, therefore, that he had any confederates; and yet how a child like that could learn the long story of Charley 1 Ross’ abduction, with all its details, give accounts of travels and n descriptions of places which he had never seen, and still remember his statements so perfectly that lie could repeat them time after time,* without change or variation, is a marvel. And yet the evidence tends to show that the little rascal is the veritable Jimmy Blanchard, and the most precocious and unma'chable little liar in Christendom. Think of a boy like that looking unblushingly into the face of a man whom he known and met every day for years, and saying: ' e No, sir; I never saw you before!” And not with the guilty look of a liar or with averted face did this child say that to the Milford Postmaster, but with the frank and honest candor which would’ have inspired the real Charley Ross had he been placed in such a position. Such conduct is absolutely 1 inexplicable, and the general verdict will be that if the St. Albans waif is not Charley Ross he deserves to be.— Chicago InterOcean.

—The spontaneous generationists have found a hard nut to crack in some experiments by Mr. Worthington Smith. Tlifeexperiments of others have been to boil water, assume that no living germs could possibly feta in life 'under this heat, and then point to the living organisms tliatsabsequently appeared as a product of spontaneity. This view has been weakened by observations noted in these columns that the blue mold in bread appears after the spores have been baked. Now Mr. Smith comes with some experiments with spores boiied in hermetically-sealed tubes, which afterward came out alive and well. — X. Y. Independent. The Virginia City Ertierprite thinks that girls who study Latin and Greek and botany and all that", and then marry poor men, are certain to make good mothers and to bring np their children right.

AGRICULTURAL AND DOMESTIC.

—When the hoofs of horses are brittle, a writer in the Now Yoj-k Tribune recommends rubbing the soles and the shells of the foot with a mixture of two parts tar, two parts beef suet, whale oil four parts, beeswax and honey each one part. . Melt over a slow fire and mix well. —To make crullers, take one cup of buttermilk or sour milk, three tablespoons of melted butter, one egg, one teaspoon of saleratus; flavor with nutmeg; a little salt; mix as soft as possible; and cut any desired shape. Have your fat hot. If a piece of raw potato be peeled and thrown in the fat it will keep the crullers from burning. —For Richmond batter cakes, take two cupfuls of sifted flour and one of corn meal, three eggs .beaten separately, made into a batter with buttermilk or sour milk, in which a teaspoonful •of soda has been thoroughly dissolved. Pour upon a greased griddle from & spoon, and allow the cakes to have the thickness of good buckwheat cakes. —The Drovers' Journal says: “ Get rid of old—that is, unprofitable—stock which it will not pay to winter. Carry this right through, frbm horned stock down to hens. It is unprofitable to depend on old horses, and thrifty farmers usually get rid of them before they are quite past labor. Biit'there is often a deep and laudable attachment between the farmer and his old four-legged servants, and we do not wish our recommendation to be taken as applying to them. Old milch-cows should be fatted as soon as they are past their milking prime. Old ewes give weak lambs and light fleeces; quality them for mutton as soon as possible.” —The drive-wells which are extensively used in the South and West are made as follows: A piece of inch and a quarter gas-pipe is perforated with seVeral hundred holes near the end, which is covered with a fine brass-wire screen, and this in turn is protected by a covering of sheet zinc or iron, also perforated. The extremity of the pipe is sharpened, or a steel point may be fixed. It is then driven into the ground, adding pieces at the top as it sinks in. As soon as the proper depth is reached a pump is attached, aud the result is an inexhaustible well, often giving an abundant supply, of water in half an hour after the emwof the pipe first entered the soil. —Scientific American.

Watering Stock in Winter.

There is probably no one thing essential to the health and comfort of farm stock which is so generally neglected as that of furnishing "a full supply of water. Many a farmer depends entirely upon some stream or pond a quarter or half mile distant, to which the animals are driven once a day over a frozen slippery 1 path, or through snow-drifts, in order to slake their thirst with a liquid slightly warmer than ice itself. If a herd of cattle could all be thirsty at one time, and at the hour most convenient for the farmer to drive them to the pond, this system of watering might answer tolerably well, but, unfortunately, animals have tlieir Individual peculiarities in such matters as well us human beings. No animal can thrive or gain flesh when suffering from thirst, no matter how much or how rich food is given, and when kept upon dry fodder in winter they are as likely 1 to require water as frequently as in summer. Drinking-places should be made easily accessible, so that the animals shall not be obliged to wade through mud and ice in order to reach them, thereby getting their feet and legs wet and covered with filth, to be carried back into the yards or stables. Animals will frequently suffer thirst rather than wade through a mudhole to get to water. Then, again, the water should be pure and sweet or it will be rejected uDtil the animal is forced, by 1 thirst, to drink it. Cows in particular sometimes have strange fancies in regard to water, often preferring that from a stagnant pool to the purest and sweetest spring. But as a rule water from a well, spring, or cistern is better for stock in winter than that .from an open pond or running stream which is frozen over during frosty weather. The water iu the lat(er is usually toft cold either to suit their taste or to be No rule can down to meet all circumstances in regard to the amount to be given or the number of times animals should be watered per day or in winter, but we can safely *sav that each animal will, if permitted, settle this question for itself.

The only true way is to place water where each animal can help itself whenever thirsty. Of course horses that are worked must be excepted, for when brought into the stables overheated by 1 exercise it will not be safe to allow them access to cold water, but cows, oxen and young stock generally should never be stinted in their supplies of water, although we fear that this class of animals suffer more from want of it than any other. There is far too great an inclination among farmers to lay down certain rules for watering their stock at all seasons, and. where water is difficult to obtain they are likely to become less strict in tlieir applications. In regard to watering horses, a celebrated author sums up the question in the following words: “It rests only to say that water, although it should never be given to a horse in large quantities shortly before being put to work, or at all on his coming off work while hot; still less while jailed or exhausted—should ordinarily be furnished liiih often and in abundance. Notsomuch in large draughts at a time, which improperly distends the stonach, as in small quantities at fre-quently-recurring intervals.” If a farpier depends upon hired labor to care for liis stock he must be ever on the alert to prevent neglect, unless the laborers are of a more faithful kind than is usually obtained in this country. Of course we do net suppose that the owners of animals are always to be trusted in this master, for we have known many who were fully as anxious to do up the chores at night and get in by the side of a good fire as anyhired man. The horses mhy have been hard at work during the day, and when brought in at night they would be hastily unharnessed, and left with snow and mud hanging to tlieir legs and feet; no blankets being put on-Aethe coldest weather, although the ytiffnes were little better than open sheds. /To complete the neglect, hay would be tossed into the rack and oats into the trough before them, and then the farmer goes to the house aud forgets that she horses have had no water since morning. Perhaps this latter requisite to health and comfort is offered before the animal is half through with his meal, and if he refuses to drink under such circumstances it is taken as a proof that he is not thirsty; hence no more is offered him until the next day. Now, this haste in the care of animals is the cause of many diseases, as well as general unhealthiness, shown in a staring coat, loss of spirits and health. An animal may he given plenty of good alid rich food, and still remain poor, all

the result of bad management in other matters which are quite as important N. ft#un. (| >) •• '% ' •« _ -V’T

Balance Sheet—1876.

Assuming that every farmer ha§ k«pt an account current with every, department of his business, now is the time for him to post jjis books .sp that lm mayjynojvto a certainty on which side the nalaqce stands. Without this all is uncertain and unsatisfactory; while with this one Jtppws just what lie is doing and how he stands,.so far as loss or gain is concerned. Almost every farmer is engaged, to a greater or less extent, in stock raising, while many make it a specialty. In either case, an exact account should l>e entered in the fanner’s account book of the actual cost, both of purchase and keeping, of each animah If twenty he&dof two-year-olds be purchased at S2O each; the amount would be S4OO, and at the expiration of two years they be sold at SSO each, amounting to $1,000; and the cost, of keeping be S2O per head, amounting to S4OO, the net profit; or gain, would be S2OO. The same principle would Hold' in raising stock instep of purchasing. This will apply to hogs, fcheep or horses; $s well as neat cattle. In tho line of cultivation, the farm should be mapped out in five or eight fields, as the case may be. Suppose the system of “ rotation qf crops” be adopted. Iqu begin with No. 1, and plant it with corn. In this preparation jdn 'applv twenty loads of manure to the acre. Then plow and prepare it in the most Unyough manper; after which plant and cultivate the corn. is one of the mbit profitable crops the farmer can raise. Tins Cost of an acre of corn would be nearly asJfoilows, charging for th,e manure which yill benefit each crop for the five years’ rotation: Hauling twenty loads manure, 50c...510 00 Plowing the ground, per acre ..... 300 Bolling and marking 1 00 Planting andseed.... 1 00 Cultivating and hoeiug first time 3 *X) Cultivating and hoeing second time..:..... 200 Cutting up aud shocking i. 1 50 Husking ICO bushels ears.-. 3 00 Drawing and cribbing . I*o Threshing . 2 00 T0ta1.,.. 00 This makes S2B tm the cost of an acre of corn, including $lO for mfihure, wlftch will apply to the subsequent crops, and not over $3 should be charged to the corn. An acre of good corn will yielil hushels, of shelled corn, which may sell at sev-enty-five cents per bushel. This gives for fifty bu9helsat7sc SB7 E 0 The stalks are worth 7 50

Giving as the total value per adrs; oo The cost being deducted 28 00 There is left per acre., |l7 00 lii each succeeding crop similar estimates may be made, keeping In view the benefits of manure and the rough cultivation, as in the corn crop, upon each of the crops in the course. By accustoming one’s self to this mode of farihing'flie individual soon perceives a great Impfdvement of mind and a self-reliance in any position in which he may be placed. It is by this systematic training of mmd and habits that one class of farmers l i*ise so much above another class in knowledge and influence. There is no royal road to greatness, and if we would be wise we must perform the labor that is involved in obtaining knowledge. • u This arithmetical principle should: be applied to the farm itself in thq gate, taking into the account the'-condi-tion of the .buildings, gardeifl or thirds and small fruits. If the farm cost $5,-000 when in rather poor condition, aqd. re pairs are piit. upon any part thereof,' an exact account Of the cost should be kept, and added to the value of the! veal Estate. Thus, by building a good horse barn for horses, carriages and hay, ypif jfiXpend $200; this is really a valuable improvement, and of itself may enable you! to sell the property for S4OO more than it would have brought without it. So.in setting out orchards, small fruits, improving the,garden, painting the buildings, fences and the like. 1 •? It is not merely a question of loss or gain involved in' this precise mode of .doing things, but also one of enjoyment and safety. Every business man should, like tue successful merchant, train himself to a strict systematic mode of thought and action, and will derive great satisfaction therefrom in subsequent yfeare, aft hd reviews his former life and modeof adfioh. The writer of this article, after of practical experience, now 'retjrep therefrom, finds it a source of very great ehioyment id lboking over a dally; record running over thirty years into the pket. i What one has done another may- do-i-e-i*. V. Mopes, in Ohio Farmer.

[From the ToJeflp Blade.] ,

Dr. Pierce.

“ Success is never achlevfcd without merit. A man may make a poor afllcte and sell it once, and, there being 4fI,<JOQ;OOO people in the United States, the sa)e to,each one would be enough to make a decefly fortune.'' But an article that holds the field yearadtertyear, and the sales of which increaspgegublfty and rapidly, mhst have absolute 'merit? “ Dr. R. V. Pierce, of Buffalo, N. ¥./Occupies our entire eighth page to-day with his various articles. We admit- it because we know the doctor; and know of his ./articles. VVe know him to be a regularly,edu,eated physician, whose diploma hangs on thy wall of his office, and we know that he- lias i.asspciated with him several of,; the most eminent practitioners in the couptfy., We know that, parties consult him, by mail 4nd Iri person, from all the States in the Union evbryuiay, and that they are fairly and.honestly dealt with. “ This grand result has’been accomplished by two agencies—good, roljable artioles — articles which, once introduced, work easily their own way—and splendid business management. 1 They have succeeded because they ought to have sucdccaWl” If you would pntroaiee MedlcM® acia»tifically prepared by a skilled pliysi«jaji;ani)chemist, use Dr. Piercers Faintly Medicines.' Golden Medical Discovery- is nutritious, 'tonic, alterative and blood-'cldansing, ?»n4 uneqUaled Cough Remedy,; Pleasant .Purgative Pellets, scarcely largCi’tfian mgstai-d-secds, constitute an agreeabte JfcUd reliible.physic; Favorite Prescriptioq,.:* , remedy tor debilitated females; Extract of Smart-wepd, a magical remedy for Pal’ll; Bowel Cbnvphiints, and an unequaludliniment for bpUi huinan and horse-flesh; vyhite hia Dr. Sage’s, Catarrh Remedy is known the .World, over as the greatest specific for Catarrh and “ Cold in the Head” ever given to ftie public, jTfaey are sold by druggists. TWENTY YEAKS A SUVrERKR—dufitD BY TUB GQI.DEN MEDICAL DISCOVERT. Dr. R. V. Pierce: J tyar Sir —Twenty years ago' I was- shipwrecked on the Atlantic Ocean, and the cold and exposure caused a large abscess to form on each leg, which kept continnally discharging. I was attended by doctors in Liverpool, Havre. New Orleans, Now Turk, and at the hospital on Staten Island (where the doctors wanted to take efofc leg off). ' Finally, after spending hundreds of dollars, I was persuaded to try Jfxqr “ fjJqJden Medioal.Discovery,” and now, in less fhari three months after taking the flrßt%ottlO, fin thankful to say lam completely cured, and fpr the first time in ton years can pu( my left heel to the ground. I am at honie nearly •'every evening, and-shall be glad to satisfy any person of the truth of this information. I am, sir, yoiirs, respectfully,

- - *T Jeffenon Street, Buffalo, N. T.

WILLIAM RYDER,