Rensselaer Union, Volume 8, Number 11, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 2 December 1875 — Page 2

RENSSELAER UNION. HORACE K. JAMES, tijjfaer. 1 RENSSELAER, ' - ’/iNDulk.

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

PORKIGN. * A London telegram of the 23d says the Carlist official organ claimed that Don Carlos had saved Cuba and the honor of Spain, his recent offer of a truce to Alphonr.o having induced the Americans to modify their demands. Cardinal Rauscher died on the 23d at Vienna. The Mercantile Bank of Leeds, England, suspended on the Mth with liabilities estimated at (550,000. The London Ttows of the 2615 says the British Government had bought of the Khedive of Egypt £1,000,000 worth of Suez Canal shares, and that the latter had been authorized to draw on the Rothschilds at sight for the amount. The French newspaper Lt Pay* was seized on the 25th for reproducing M. de Cassagnac’s speech to the Bonapartists of Bellville. A Madrid dispatch of the 25th announces that Gen. ttnesada had captured San Cristobal, with al! the Carliet positions in the neighbarheed of Pampeluna. The American residents and visitors in Berlin appropriately celebrated Thanksgiving Day. A sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Thompson At the close of the religious services resolutions were adopted expressive of sorrow at the death of Vice-President Wil" soa and directing that a telegram of condolence be sent to the United States. The Nblic Prosecutor at Berlin, on the 35th, applied to the Senate to indict Count von Arnim for treason because of his alleged authorship of the pamphlet which recently appeared attacking Count Bismarck. A Paris dispatch of the 27th mourns the prevalence'Of hard times in that city. Worth, the anan -milliner, was reported to have lost very heavily by the pressure and to have become financially embarrassed, mainly, it is said, through the failure of prominent Americans. King Alphonzo’s eighteenth birthday was celebrated at Madrid on the 28th ult It was (reported that the King was about to take the Acid against the Carlists. A Berlin dispatch of the 28th ult says Montenegro and Servia•had concluded to form an offensive and defensive alliance in favor of Herzegovina and against Turkey. A Berlin special of the 29th ult. says a report prevailed that a charge of treason had been preferred against Count von Arnim.

DOMESTIC. TheTostmaeter-General, in his annual report, wilkoiecommend the rencal of that part of the amended Postal laws which increased the postage on transient newspapers. Acconding to statistics furnished by the Cincinnati Coniinercial there is at present a total of 'forty-two State and Territorial •Granges in the United States, and over 24,000 subordinate Granges, comprising a membership of about 1,450,000. This is an increase of 2.000 Granges and about 130,000 members over W 74. The receipts of the National Grange for 1874 were (229,533, and the expenditures $ 180,995. Jt is estimated that the Patrons have $lB,090,900 cash capital invested in their various enterprises, which include railroad and steam-boat-lines, banka, fire and life insurance com panics, ootton-gins and mills, packinghouses, fiouring-mills, elevators, grain warehouses, machinery manufactories, shipping associations' foundries, tanneries, cheese factories, etc. A six-dayt’ walking match between Daniel O’Leary, the Chicago pedestrian, and Edward 'Pay-son 'Weston was concluded at the Exposition building in Chicago on the night of the 20th. In the six days O’Leary walked sQ3:miles and Weston 451. At the conclusion of the match' O’Leary was presented with a gold medal as the champion walker of the world. 'He'Accomplished 500 miles in 142 hours and IS minutes, the fastest time on reeord. Gen. Sherman, in his annual report, says “the aggregatostrength of the line of the army, according to the last reports -received, is I,s4o.Officers and 24,031 enlisted men, made up as follows: Five regiments artillery, 780 officers anil 2,504 men; 10 regiments cavalry, 422 officers and 7,206 men; 25 regiments infan try .(G4B officers and 11,000 men. Available recruits, hospital stewards, ordnance sergeants, etc., 3,321. < A’Washington special of the 23d says orders viere that day issued at the Navy Department, in great secrecy,.for the fitting up of five more iron-clads,- making a total of twelve iron-clads-which, within three weeks, ted been made ready for active service, and embracing nearly all the available iron-clads er. the list

W. its .recent -session in Cincinnati the - Wcman’a-National Temperance Convention adopted resolutions recommending Gospel temperance prayer-meetings, cheap lunch and loffirigg houses, free reading-rooms and temperante reform clubs; urging American womei- to tnaia their.-children to avoid intoxicating liquort; expressing gratitude to God toat Secretary Bristowffiad -successfully exposed the corruptions of the, whisky ring, and recognizing the statesmanship of the Postnaaster*fi eneral in removing from his department all-ossistanta addicted to alcoholic beventires. Mrs. Aanie Wittenmyer was reeletted JL-«sident of the society. Among otter matters it -WM proposed to try. to keep the sale of .liqudt out of the Centennial gwMiodS'Dert year, Hrs. Wittenmyer remarking *thzt it .would require at least to do4k,wor'ta«&a<*.OTi<ii iiad bOsn paid already by a •bse.wer for the e*?lusive right to seK his bevetßge iusMte -the intloeure. Brig-^en.®«nett, Chief .of the Ordnwiee Bweaat, Foiled States Army, in his annml report saps the bureau lias for several years past rcFod attenuon to the necessity of an increase to the annual appropriation for arming and estopping the militia. Tke annual appropriation of 4'300,000 was made, in 1808, when the population the country was about At the present time, with a population of over 49/100,000, the amount appropriated is still the came, and it is impossible for his department to wed all the demands made upon it by the States and Territories. The last official report gives the following as the aggregate strength of the militia of the United States: Organized, 84,724; unorganized, and there is little doubt that were arms and military equipments more freely supplied the organized force would be greatly enlarged. The official count of all the Indians in the United States plaoes the total number at 226,090, of whom 10,000 are pot down as “ civflized," 135,000 as “ semi-civilized,” and 81,000 as *‘harbarons.” This enumeration does not include the Indians In Alaska.

A coal-oli w fluid lamp exploded tn the ix-droom Of Mrs. Charlotte Chew, of Camden, :N. J.,*n Bk mosilhg of the 2Sth, and Mis* UuffOw jgffiped out of bed, when her nitrhtO >thea caught fire and She opened a winder (or the second floor of the building) jumped or fell to tie ground and was so terribly injured that she died in a few minutes. The clothes of the mother also took fire, and before assistance could be rendered she was so dreadfully burned that she expired during the day, and William Chew, her son, was severely burned. Mr. Murray, editor of the South Bend (Ind.) Herald, recently had a misunderstand, ing with a lady printer and sub-editor in his ; employ and discharged her and afterward in- * serted an article in his paper offensive to |ier. She subsequently assaulted him on the street with a cowhide, which he attempted to take ; from her, and in the scuffle which ensued she was thrown to the ground. Justice) William Palmer took sides with the girl and Murray also assailed him editorially, for i which Mr. Palmer on the 23d shot Murray, j the ball taking effect in his lungs,, Inflicting I a severe and dangerous wound. A committee appointed by the National Grange to arrange a marriage ceremonial reported adversely, and were sustained. A New York dispatch of the 20th reports the suspension of the Manufacturers and Builders’ Bank, of that city. A run was begun on the People’s Savings Bank, the officers closing <the doors of the institution and taking advantage of the sixty-days’ notice which may be required of depositors. There was als« a slight run on the Security Savings Bank. .- ‘ The Southern Pacific Railroad Convention was recently held in St. Louis, at which delegates were in attendance from twenty-seven States and Territories. Resolutions were adopted to the effect that a Southern transcontinental railway from tlie Mississippi, vie £1 Paso, is imperatively demanded, and giving the -several reasons why such a road; should be constructed; that extensions of and-: •connections with this road should be built from the most eligible points to New Orleans, Memphis and Vicksburg; and from a point near the 103 d meridian to Vinita, in order to reach the Mississippi River and to connect with every road and harbor on the Atlantic coast; that the construction of such a line and branches can be best secured by the extension of Government aid to-such line and branches in the form of a guarantee or interest, not principal, on a limited amount of 5 per cent, construction bonds, payable in fifty years, so that the entire liability assumed shall not in any event exceed $2,000 per mile per annum, nor the interest on the actual cost of the line and said branches. Provisions were made by the convention for an address in this behalf to the people of the United States and to the President and Congress. The Indiana Supreme Court has recently decided, in the case of an attorney who brought suit to recover for services in procuring a divorce, that a promise made by a married woman to pay, after shh is divorced, for services rendered her by an; attorney during her coverture is void, and a promise made after she is divorced to pay the same is invalid for want of consideration. Washington advices of the 27th state that it had been ascertained from official sources in Spain that the negotiations between Spain and the United States were proceeding favorably. The rumors that difficulties had arisen were said to be absolutely incorrect, and the relations between the two countries might be regarded as excellent. - In his annual report Lieut.-Gen. Sheridan makes several important recommendations regarding the treatment of the Indians. He thinks tbeir care and management ought to be confided to the War Department, and that they ought to be subjected to the same laws and penalties as civilized people, instead of being left untrammeled and amenable to no laws. The report also favors a system of compulsory education, and advises that some measures be taken to settle the Black Hills question. Alfred Bevis, a distiller and one of the witnesses in the trial at St. Louis of Wm. Q. Avery, havingmentioned, in giving his evidence, a rumor that Secretary Bristow was interested in a distillery or liquor-house at Louisville, Ky., the Secretary, on the 27th, sent a telegram, to the United States District-Attorney at St. Louis emphatically denying the rumor, and stating that he did not desire the matter to rest upon his denial, but requested that “ every person whose name has been or can be giyeuyou as having knowledge of such alleged facts, shall be brought before the Grand Jury and subjected to the most rigid examination.’’ The Secretary further says: “I beg to repeat the request heretofore communicated to you, that these frands on the Government shall be probed to the very bottom; that every ramification of the ring shall be followed in every part from beginning to end, and that no one having connection with or guilty knowledge of its operations shall be permitted to escape. So far as this department is concerned, I ask that every allegation against any officer of it, from its. bqad to its humblest employe, be thoroughl investigated and vigorously prosecuted, — any ground exists therefor. I have read this to the President, who repeats his injunction: ‘ Let no guilty man escape? ” PERSONAL IScited States Senator Ferry, of Connecti-cut,-died at his residence in Norwalk, Conn., on tffe afternoon of the 21st from softening of the spinal.marrow. . Thejjuxy in the ease of ex-Supervisor McDonald, on trial at St. Louis for complicity in whiskydrauds, after three hours’ consultation onAhe 22d, rendered a verdict of guilty on all the. eight counts of the indictment. Sentenoeweas suspended until after the trial of the other parties implicated. By the 'death of Vice-President Wilson Senator Shomas W. .Ferry, of Michigan, President proAemport of the Senate, becomes a-vffijcio Vlce-ft-esident of the UnitedsStates. The trial .of William <©. Avery, late Chief Clerk of the Jzternal Betenue Bureau at Washington, was begun at St. Louis <an the ! 23d. The uidictnents against him eLarge him with conspiring with McDonald, to defraud the Government revenue. An election of officers was held in tie Nttional Grange on the 23d, with the fallowing result: Master, John T. Jones, of' Arkansas; Overseer, J. J. M’oodman, of I Michigan; Lecturer, A. B. Smedley, of Iowa; Steward, A. J, Vaughn, of Mississippi; Assistant Steward, Mortimer Whitehead, of New Jereey; Chaplain, £. H. of Ohio; Treasurer, F. M. McDowell; Secretary, O. HL Kelley, of •Kentucky; Gatekeeper, 1 0. Dinwiddie, of Indiana; Ceres, Mrs. J. T. Jones, of Arkansas; Pomona, Mrs. Goddard, of Connecticut; Flora, Mrs. Adams, of Minnesota; Assistant Steward, Miss Carrie Hall, of Louisville. William B. Astor, eldest son of the late | John Jacob 'As tor, and one pf thg wealthiest I

men in New Fortt city, died on the 24th. He leaves f forte® r oLpearly or .quite |80,000,000{ Five cbild£n survive him-—three sons afi teo dßughteva. was over elghfi years Cff age. , 1 At afeustaess mtgting qfßrooklyn Plymouth Church, held on ffle evening of the 26th, an answer to Mrs. Moulton’s demand for an investigation was read, in which the ground was taken that her accusations against Mr. Beecher were not a good defense for her past conduct; nevertheless her proposition for a call of a mutual- council of churches is accepted. lion. John Turner, a well-known Wisconsin attorney and editor of the Mauston (Wis.) Shir, attempted suicide by shooting, at the Vilas House, In Madison, on the 26th. Last fall Mr. Turner defended a Mrs. Ingersol upoirthe charge of murdering her husband and secured her acquittal. Latterly she had preferred the charge of forgery against him In the settlement of an insurance claim. At last accounts Mr. Turner was very low and small hopes of his recovery were entertained. H. R. Clum, Chief Clerk, A. 8. B. White, and about a dozen other prominent clerks of the Interior Department at Washington were removed or transferred on the 27th by Secretary Chandler. These removals were baaed upon the recommendation of Commissioner Smith, and make a clean sweep of all the clerks associated for any considerable time with the past history of the bureau. Ex-Gov. English, of Connecticut, has been appointed by Gov. Ingersoll to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate caused by the death of Hen. O. 8. Ferry. The Moody and Sankey meetings in Philadelphia were very largely attended on the 28th. At the women’s meeting in the afternoon 150 ladies stood up for prayer and at the young men’s meeting in the evening 100 young men made similar requests. The interest in the work continued unabated. Mr. Beecher was on the 27th subprenaed as a witness in the libel suit of Mr. Bowen against the Brooklyn U»wn.

POLITICAL. The official returns of the election in Oregon give Laue (Dem.) for Congress a majority of 26-7. The South Carolina Legislature began its annual session at Columbia on the 23d. The Indiana Republican State Convention has been called to meet at Indianapolis on the 22d of next February, to nominate a State ticket, including candidates for Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, etc., and to select delegates to the next National Republican Convention and nominate fifteen candidates for Presidential Electors to be chosen at the general election in November next. The State election will occur on the second Tuesday in October. The official majority for the new ConstitUtiou*in Missouri is 76,238. The Constitution went into effect Nov. 30. The Cherokee National Council of the Indian Territory on the 27th counted the votes cast at the, election last August, and declared Charles Thompson elected Principal Chief by eleven majority over Ross. The Ross men have a majority in both houses of the Council.

Contested Seats.

The following is a list of the contested seats in the United States House of Representatives, with the names of the contestants. Republicans in small capitals; Democrats in Roman: Alabama..ll a raison. Fred G. Bromberg. Alabama.. WHUams.: Jambs T. Kapibr. Alabama Hays James T. Jones. FlorulaPt-KMAN.... J6bn.A. Henderson. Florida Walls ..... Je-se J. Finley.' Georgia Hartridge.. .John E. Bryant. Ge0rgia,....... Smit h Richard 11. Whitbly Illinois.. M :Fakwell ...John V. Le Moyne. Illinois Whiting ... Leonard F. Ross. 1ndiana...'.,.,.. .Hcntek. ... .Harrison J. Bice. Indiana Baker Freeman Kelley. Kentucky..WhiteHarrison Cockrill. LouisianaMoreyWilliam B. Spencer. Maryland .Walsh Lloyd Lowndes, p Massachusetts. Fro-t.,, ... .Josiah G. Abbott. MinnesotaStraitE. St. Julien Cox. Pennsylvania .. Freeman. . Thomas ,B. Florence. Pennsylvania... Egbert....»,.Carlton B. Curtis. S.,Carolina Hogeßenj. 11. McGowan. S. Carolina Wallace ...Joseph B. Kershaw. Virginia Goode James H. Platt, Jr. New Mexico....ElkinsPedro Valdes. Several of the Mississippi seats, . the credentials of which have been awarded to Democrats, will also, it is said, be contested by Republicans.

The Road to Wealth.

“ Weafith” signifies an amount of worldly possessions abqve the average' of the comniuiity, or it means a superabundance of material comforts and conveniences, so that there can be no want unsupplied. What these possessions shall consist of, or how numerous they must be to make the possessor “ wealthy,’” will differ at different times and places; it is evident, for example, that the wealthy Greenlander would not be a wealthy Bostonian. We say, in the first place, that it is not possible for all men to be wealthy; for most men lack in strength of mind or body or will.and they cannot overcome their infirmities. Again, most men have outside difficulties which keep them dowm, such as bad governments, bad soil or climate, bad social and iiraustrial surroundings, or some other equal burden which they must carry. But setting these tilings aside and to make the matter specific, let us consider the prospects of the young farmer: We say he should have good health and a fair education, should locate in a good neighborhood and as near a market as he can, should keep out of debt in the main, be sober, industrious, economical, obliging, upright in liis dealings and careful in little matters. He should take ample time and make it his regular duty to think out his business transactions andhis plans for work and improvements before he undertakes them. He should have a good wife and in all things make her a partner. He should rpad good books and papers and so keep himself well posted, alike in the best methods of doing his work at home, the best work for him to d®, and the best wav to dispose of his surplus productions. He should stick to his business. He should not gamble nor speculate. The want of any of these favorable conditions may jeopardize the farmer’s wealthgetting, and the possession of them all may not insure it; but if not wealth a comfortable competency may be pretty certainly counted on, and perhaps that competency is what we should most look I for, being content not to overtop our neigh- ! bors, save only in good deeds.— Patron's Helper. .' Ax Indiana lad who" has just finished reading his Bible through announces the discovery that the words “boys” and “girls" occur in itpnly twice. “ What wood is best Tor winter use?” ask# the Courier^ournal. Your neighbor’s wood is pretty good, if kept in a dry place. A masterly effort—Whipping a boy in school.

INDIANA STATE NEWS.

&tol£ coafl wire .-hipped from Brazil. Maori sJacksw, an of Laftwette, died a few mornings ago effects of morphine taken to alleviate pain. ' - , A Richmond idiot recently threw a lot of o)d cartridges into a coal vault, from which they went into the fire, and exploding blew the stove to pieces. A little girl in Evansville, recently, while swinging in her father’s yard became entangled and would Have choked to death hadjiot a neighbor seen and released iter. The depot of the Indianapolis & St. Louis Railroad at Danville was entered by burglars on the night of the 11th and the safe of the American Express Company robbed of $2,000. Burglars went through the Postoffice at Wadton, Cass Copnty, on the night of the 14th, taking all tire letters in the boxes and about SSO worth of goods from the store where the Postofiice is Ipcaled. The mast is said to be uncommonly heavy in Jefferson County. So great is the beechnut crop also that farmers find it profitable to bring it to the city and sell it to the grocers and confectioners like chestnuts. At Richmond, on the 15th, wfiile serving a warrant for the arrest of John Stone, for stealing wheat, Deputy-Sheriff Stratton shot at him seveu times. Three of the shots took -effect, and then the rascal allowed himself to be taken to jail. A boiler in the Occidental Hotel, at Indianapolis, exploded a few afternoons ago, tearing out a side-wall and shaking the structure from turret to foundation. The damage, considering the imminent risk, was light and-no one was hurt. The accident was attributed to low water. Clara ScHßAMrf&as recently terribly injured at a Richmond paper-mill. While washing her hands near the "machinery she felt something pulling her dress and put back her hands to feci what it was. Both hands were caught in a cog-wheel and terribly lacerated, one being ground up neatly to the elbow. At Valparaiso, on (lie evening of the 14th, the express train on the Pittsburgh & Fort Wayne Railroad struck a man who was walking on the track, killing him instantly. He was a German, named Albert Voglekand, and accidentally walked into a cattle-guard, and" could not get out before the train was upon him. The Brigharm Brothers, whisky-distill-ers at Evansville, have recently abandoned all claim to tbeir distillery and rectifying establishment, worth $60,000, recently seized by the Government, rather than allow their books to be brought into court and subjected to a trying criticism. In the surrender were also included two distilleries at Patoka. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company has offered to settle the matters in dispute with the C., C. & I. C. Railroad Company by giving a definite guarantee of interest on the first mortgage bonds, provided the bondholders will agree to take 6 instead of 7 per cent., and the second mortgage bondholders will exchange their present holdings for new income bonds. D. G. Biggs made his advent into Madison about three years ago. He seemed an exemplary young man and finally married a very respectable young lady there. After six months of married life lie coolly deserted his wife and then sent her a letter informing her that his name was not only not D. G. Biggs, but that lie had a wife and children elsewhere. It was a cruel and heartless proceeding.

The Grand Lodge I. 0. convened in annual session at Indianapolis on the 17th, and elected the following officers for the ensuing year: Grand Patriarch, J. W. Smith, Gosport; G. H. Priest, John Morgan, 'Madison'; G. Sr. Warden, G. A. Milnes, Fremont; G. Jr. Warden; George L. Curtiss, Indianapolis; G. Scribe, B. F. Foster, Indianapolis; G. Treasurer, T. P. Haughey, Indianapolis; Grand Representative Reuben Robertson, New Albany; alternate, John W. McQuiddy; G. Sentinel, Christopher Tober, Madison; G. Dep. Warden, Joseph S. Watson, Indianapolis. The grand officers’ reports show 479 effective lodges in the State, and a membership of 26,000. Twenty-three new lodges have been instituted during the last six months. The following postal changes were made in Indiana during the week ending Nov. 13, 1875: Established—Huntersville, Clay County, Elizabeth J. Hunter, Postmistress; Jasonville, Greene County, Samuel Kelshaw, Postmaster. Discon-tinued-Bowser, Blackford County; Nash Depot, Vanderburgh County. Postmasters appointed—Bretzville, Dubois County, Charles Ritzman; Castleton, Marion County, Peter L. Negley; Chestnut Hill, Washington County, James W. Bell; Elizaville, Boone County, William M. Byers; Ferdinand. Dubois County, Mrs. Mina Gohmann; Loudon, Shelby County, Miles A. Ashton; Newbern, Bartholomew County, Mrs. Jane Shepherd; Pekin, Washington County, George M. Johnson; Rockford, Jackson County, E. F. Parker. Not long ago a man named D. Craft, residing at Lake Station, purchased of a druggist an ounce* and a halt of worm-seed-oil to give to his four children who were troubled wath worms. He administered it to all of tyem in doses of from four to eight drops three times a day, according to the' directions of tire druggist. One of the children refused to swallow the medicine and was saved, „ but the other three died and were buried in one grave. Doctors differ as to the power of the medicine, and at the inquest some testified that the doses were too large, while others insisted that they were not. No blame is attached, to the father, but. on the contrary. great sympathy is felt for him. The people rather blame the druggist, who is thought to have been criminally careless.

A Future Millionaire.

The topped an Eagle repor tor vesterdiy off Bingaman street and S'ked t whether there was not-*’ some that Wanted a for toys ?” Ti e little sender had * well-worn- basket, and in it wwre a variety of toys, not exactly rude in shape, but yrhich were evidently not made by expert hands in a regular toy manufactory. “ Where did you get your toys?” we asked of the young merchant, “ Well, sir, we makes ’em at home, pop and me, and I sells 'em, an(j gets what I kin for ’em.” “ What’s your name, and where do you live, and how long have you been in the business’” *• We used to live in Locust alley; but we’ve moved now over into Irishtown. Been livin’ there two days already, but gittin’ tired of it. My name’s Sam, and pop’s name’s pop; That’s all the name I knows ’xcept Wilby. We’s related to all the Wilbys in Lancaster County and down near on to York. Been livin’in Readin’ over a year now. Pop got out of a job at laborin’, and we whittle oirt these ’ere toys at night and I sells ’em durin’ the day. Keeps pop in.’hnd amounts to something in the ena.” Many of the toys were made of pine wood and glued together. Tables, chairs rocking-chairs, chests, bedsteatls, cradles, boats and a variety of knickXknacks of that kind were in the assortment. Then there were other toys that had been bought at the notion stores, consisting of tin whistles, cups and saucers, wooden animals, trees painted red and green, tops, little doll babies, and other things too numerous to mention. “ Where do you sell your goods?” was asked. “ Well, I keep off in the back streets and watch whenever I see little girls go into a house. Some day I’m goin’ to be a rich man, and pop says to me that some of the rich merchants in" Readin’ first started out by luggin’ around a basket sellin’ tapes and pins.” “ How much can you average a day profit?’’ ‘‘Thatdepends on the day and what luck I get. Yesterday was election day, and I got in fifty-seven cents. Some days I get ninety cents, and last Saturday I had sl.lO. That's big, but it don't come often. I don’t care though just so I get along. I’m goin’ tube rich some day. No drinks for me. I don’t chew and I don’t smoke and I don’t spend no money. I’m goin’ to commence at the savin’s bank soon, if times brisks up. Then I’m goin’ to hawk around shoe-strings, tapes, soap, indigo-blue, balsam de malta and other stuff what the women wants. This sellin’ toys is only a starter.- But if times brisk up I am goin’ to commence and make money right along.’’—lfeadDij? (Pa.) Eagle.

The First Locomotive and PassengerCar.

Stephenson had been called a lunatie when he had said that his locomotive could run twelve miles an hour. One very distinguished officer of the English Government, whose duty it was to see that the mails were carried as rapidly as possible, laughed at the idea, and said that “ if ever a locomotive ran ten miles an hour with a mail-bag behind it he would eat a stewed engine-wheel for his breakfast.” There was some little excuse for this disbelief, for the first locomotive was a very clumsy machine. It was called the “Locomotion.” Stephenson, when he built it, was the only man besides his son Robert who believed it would gq at all; aud some of the learned members of the English Parliament declared that it could not run against a strong wind! It was a small, clumsy affair, weighing hot more than one-tilth as much as an engine of the present time. The first improvement on it —the “ Rocket”—was even more ridiculous in appearance; but it was found to be faster and stronger: Before it was accepted by the railroad company it was put in a race with three other engines manufactured by other engineers; aud of the judges and thousands of persons who witnessed the race “nine-tenths were, against the ‘ Rocket’ because of its appearance.” But Stephenson received the prize over the other competitors, one of whom was Capt. John Ericsson. His locomotive could run fifte.cn miles an hour, and once actually drew thirteen tous at a speed of twentynine miles an hour. That performancedecided the fate of locomotives, and engineers at once went to work to improve Hie new motive power. The first railroad passenger-car was simply an old box on wheels, with seats running along the sides, a door at the rear end, and a seat in front for the driver, like the box of an omnibus. It was called by Stephenson, who invented it, the “ Experiment,” because it was not generally believed that people would travel on the railway. In 1825, about the time the first line was finished, one of the principal papers of England said that liotliing could be “more ridiculous than the prospect of locomotives traveling twice as fast as stage-coaches!” And it added tliat people would as soon “suffer themselves to be fired off upon one of Congreve’s rockets as trust themselves to the mercy of such a machine going at such a rate.” Stephenson, however, firm in his belief that passengers would travel by rail, declared that tlie time would come, and he hoped to live to see it, when it would be cheaper for a poor man to ride than to walk. This prophecy threatens to be more than fulfilled in a few years- It is proposed in England to send passengers by rail at ordinary English letter-rates, and under a system of tickets like postage-stamps—a six-cent stamp entitling the holder to go by any route to any partjif Great JJritain. But George Stephenson was not believed then, and the people continued to call him “ Daft Geordy,” which means “ Crazy George.” It was not long after the Stockton A Darlington Road was opened that more passenger-cars were needed. The first improvement on the “ Experiment” was a double car, made out of two “mourning-coaches.” This car was lighted at night by a single candle.—Nt. A icholas for December.

The manufacture of oleomargarina cheese is carried on in New York btate to quite a large extent, a dozen factories being engaged in the making of this cheese and butter in connection therewith. The new milk is subjected to conditions which deprive it of all the cream possible, after that it is placed in vats and heated ,to ninety-two degrees Fahrenheit; the oleomargarine is heated to a higher degree and mixed with the milk thoroughly. The rennet is added and the whole stirred for eight minutes. The after-process is similar to that of making cream cheese.— Detroit 2'ribu.ne. Inflammatory Rheumatism. —It is asserted that'this painful disease may be cured by bathing the parts affected with oil and saltpeter—half an ounce of pulverized- saltpeter in half a pint of the oil.

MECHANICAL AND SCIENTIFIC.

—Hie ftivaffiigation made of the circumstanfles attending the wreck of the Ottawa ■on the Taranßti coast tends to confirm the ‘belief lopg since entertained by scientific men. that thd'magnetic iron sand, which there abounds in such immense quantities, is the cause of the steering compasses of ships and steamers running along shore in that region'becoming deranged. This has been alleged as the cause of the loss of the steamer Airdale, and some three or four other vessels. It will be remembered that some fifteen years ago many vessels were cast ashore on the South American coast, and, after many close investigations, it was discovered that the base of some of the mountains along the coast line contained large quantities of iron ore. —One of the recent improvements in the art of metallurgy meets a long-felt and important need, and will greatly facilitate and simplify some operations hitherto attended with much uncertainty. It.is well known that the difficulty of uniting iron to brass is created by the unequal rate of expansion in the two metals, which destroys the unity when the temperature is changed. To meet this obstacle, an English artisan has invented a peculiar kind of alltty, the expansion of which under the influence of heat is represented as peing so similar to that of iron and steel that the surface may be regarded when thus joined as permanently united lor all practical purposes. This alloy, as described, consists of three parts tft, thirty-one and a half parts copper and seven and a half parts zinc, and the variety of uses to which the material is adapted in metallurgical industry is of course quite large.— Scientific Exchange. —A new theory, now engaging the attention of astronomers, assumes that, at some distance below the sun’s surface, the pressure is of a character that substances —such as some metals—are in a liquid state, though at a temperature far exceeding their boiling point, under ordinary pressure. In this case the compressed liquids will, on the whole, arrange themselves in the order of density, and if the pressure be diminished, these will burst into vapor; the equilibrium is, therefore, unstable. Consequently it *is assumed that there may exist in the sun two or more liquids, so related that the deuser has the lower boiling point. If these disturbances of pressure occur, they will produce vertical eruptions through the upper layers of the sun, throwing up the chromosphere and photosphere into jets, such as are observed. The substances thrown up, as they fall, will produce a region of general and also selective absorption; when ,(iny portion of the descending material is liquid, the general absorption-will be great; this will then form the center of the spot. — N. Y. Sun. —The successful employment of metal bands for the transmission of power is pronounced by the Scientific Avierican an impossibility. A soft steel-band, one-twenty-fourth of an inch thick, running over a drum thirty-six inches in diameter, the latter revolving 350 times per minute, will last from eighty to one hundred days, when it will break; after splicing, it will run from about live to' eight days, when it will break again, but at this time 44 will show several more cracks, and perhaps be found to be already breaking in two or three places. The metal-band will not last one-fiftieth part as long as the leather-band under these conditions; on smaller or larger drums, the band will last a correspondingly longer or shorter period. Band saw-blades also act in the same manner. Many an apparently sound sawblade, from one-fourth to one-half inch in width, breaks every day or oftener, which it did not do when first put on; it has become brittle on account of the great, number of times it has been bent; it is in fact worn out. By using a band-saw new, the blade being from one-fourth to one-half inch width, it can be used up to one-eighth or within one-sixteenth of an inch without breaking. From a technical journal the following facts are gathered concerning a new process of brickmaking, by which a great saving in fuel, time and labor is said to z be efiected: Upon entering the works the first thing to be seen is a stone-crushing machine, into which the stone are cast and crushed to pebble size; thence they are shoveled into a pan over which two large rollers are worked, which grind them to powder. Both the pan and rollers are lined” with chilled iron. While the grinding process goes on a small white stream of a prepared liquid falls into the pan and combined with the 1 powdered stone makes a kind of mortar. This com* position is delivered to the molder, who puts it into a double mold, which is in turn set in a press. When, the bricks are forced out of the mold a lad carries them on a sheet of iron to the oven used for drying them. This oven is constructed on the same general principle, as a baker’s oven but it is considerably larger, and instead of one floor contains’several tiers made of upright and horizontal irons about five inches apart. On these the bricks are laid so tliat the oven can be filled from bottom to top. When the oven has received about 10,000 bricks the iron doors are closed up air-tight. Certain flues admit the hot air and the contents are said to be thoroughly dried in from three to four hours. —A young fellow once, offered to kiss a Quakeress. “Friend,” said she, “thee must not do it.*’ “O! by Jove! but J must,” said the youth.’ “ Well, friend, as thee hast sworn, thee may do it; but thee must not make a practice of it.’’

THE MARKETS.

NEW YORK, Nov. 29, 1875. BEEF CATTLE .... . .... am rn ©512.75 HOGS—Live 7.50 @ 7.75 SHEEP—Live 4.C0 © 6.12% FLOUR—Good to Choiee 5.55 a 6.00 WHEAT—No. 2 Chicago 1.24 © 1.26 CORN—Western Mixedls%© .77 OATS—Western Mixed 43 © .45 RYE.»B4 © .95 BARLEY„ 1.02 © 1.10 PORK—Mess 22.37%© 22.50 LARD—Prime Steam (New) 12y© .1276 CHEESEO6 © .1214 WOOL—Domestic Fleece... ... .43 © .65 CHICAGO. BEEVES—Choice $5.50 © *6.10 Good. .. 4.50 © 5.25 Medium 4.00 © 4.50 Butchers' Stock.... 2.75 © 4.00 Stock Cattle 2.75 © 3.75 HOGS—Live—Good to Choice.. 7.00 © 7.35 SHEEP—Good to Choice 3.85 © 4.50 BUTTER—cnoice Yellow .28 © .32 EGGS—Fresh 24 © .25 FLOUR—White Winter Extra.. 5.25 © 7.50 ' Spring Extra, 4.50 © 5.75 GRAIN-Wheat—Spring, No. 2. 1.04?,© 1.044 J Corn—No. 2 .49’,© .49% Oats—No. 230%.© .30? g Rye—No. 2 .68%© .69 Barley—No. 2 88 © .88% PORK—Mess 20.00 ©20.25 LARD?... 12 25 © 12 30 LUMBER—Ist and 2d Clear.... 40.00 ©42.00 Common Boards... 11.00 © 12.00 Fencing 1200 © 13.00 "A” Shingles- 2.75 © 300 Lath 1.75 © M 0 EAST LIBERTY. CATTLE—Beet. >6 00 @ J 6.50 Medium...... 5.00 © 5.75 HOGS—Yorkers7.oo © 730 Philadelphia 750 © 7.85 SHEEP—Beet 500 O 5.15 " ’ j Medium 4.10 © 4.75