Rensselaer Union, Volume 6, Number 46, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 6 August 1874 — Page 4

What Does All This Mean?

The Fourth was very generailv celebrated by the Patrons of the Western States, and the assemblages in some instances reached many thousands in number. Grange picnics and celebrations are becoming more and more frequent, and are attended with constantly.-increasing numbers. *■. A few weeks since, while Hon. J. W. Childs was addressing an assemblage of 6,000 farmers at Coldwater, a telegram was received from Marshall, saying that C. L. Whitney, Esq., was addressing an equally large congregation of farm ers at that place. Reports from the immense Grange picnic recently held in St. Joseph County, Mich., state that a procession of 1,400 teams was formed, and the crowd was estimated by thousands. The Northern, Grange, in alluding to the immensity and frequency of such gatherings,among the farmers, very.pertinently asks: “ What does all this signify? Does it mean that the farmers are supremely happy, and come together in vast multitudes simply to congratulate and felicitate each other on their good fortune? Would that this were the case; but we fear it is not so. Deep-seated causes underlie such demonstrations. They are not for mere show or pastime; they mean much which it would be well 'for the country to early comprehend. They contain no threats or bluster, but they mean that a giant has been awakened from a long sleep and is about to take a position as a peer of the realm. In short, it all means simply that new light is dawning upon the 700,000 hard-worked, poorlySaid, but thinking farming people of iichigan. That the voice of the agricultural people, which has hitherto been uttered only in single chorus from the isolation of the farm, and hence unheeded, shall, by reason of its combined volume, reach the ear of the land. May the ear of authority heed the voice of the people.”— Pacific Rural Press.

The Stomach.

This important organ is a muscular sack formed by a dilation of the alimentary canal. In shape it somewhat resembles a curved section of a cone; in size it varies from eight to twelve inches in width, and from three to four in its greatest diameter. It is usually estimated to contain about one (fuart when in a perfectly normal condition; but so universally are excesses committed in eating and drinking that in scores of observations we do not remember to have seen a single one that had not been dilated beyond this capacity. Its situation varies considerably, according as it is distended with food or otherwise; its proper position is just below the liver. It is of a purely carnivorous type; being intended only for the dissolving or chymifaction of the food which has been finely triturated by the teeth. It furnishes by far the most important of the five solvents concerned in digestion—the gastric juice. It actually digests, or reduces to chyme, all the elements of the food except the non-nitrogenous and hydro-carbons, or sugar, starch and oil. Of these, sugar and starch are digested by the duodenal juices; oils by the pancreatic fluid. Of its physiological functions we know much; the celebrated Martin case,wherein a permanent fistula or opening followed a terrible gun-shot wound, having afforded wonderful facilities for study ing its functions and given a great impetus to the investigation of all the de tails of alimentation. Many important facts have been thus obtained; some physiologists even go so far as to lay down laws for the exact time in which any given article of food would be digested, and, consequently, classifying all such as wholesome or unwholesome according as they seemed to resist the action of the digestive powers of the stomach, or otherwise. By such rules pigs’ feet and tripe were laid down as being digested in an hour; trout, in one and a half hours; milk, in two hours; roast beef, in three; and so on, until the climax was reached with roast pork and boiled cabbage, which, they said, required five and one-half hours for their proper digestion. But, from close observation, it is our belief that stomachs have as many ■whims and idiosyncrasies as have their masters, and that which is easily digested by one is *' poison” to another. Hence, the folly of any set of rules which prescribe just what all persons shall eat. Each person should know enough of his own temperament and physiological organization to be able to select those articles of food which are best adapted to _his own individual wants. Treated from 1 his common-sense standpoint, many of the fearfully numerous diseases of the digestive organs would cease to exist. But we go on, defying or ignoring Nature’s laws; eating, in half the time required for perfect mastication, double the amount necessary for our sustenance; jumping up and going at hard brain work immediately after each meal when we ought to take complete mental relaxation for some time in order that out nerve forces may be properly concentrated. upon the digestion of our food; drugging ourselves with stimulants when we see our digestive powers are beginning to fail until the inevitable result follows and we become confirmed dyspeptics. We then pounce upon the stomach as the unlucky source of all our evils, forgetting that a large percentage of our food was never intended to be "digested by it; forgetting that Nature has given us organs of locomotion, demanding that . they beexercised; free; pure air, requiring it to be breathed; proper hours for repose, and insisting on their being so occupied. Indigestion may also be intestinal, and aggravated by the use of sugar or starchy substances; or it may be pancreatic, and increased by the improper use of oils; or it may be due to a torpid liver or deficient nerve energy, and rendered doubly worse by sedentary habits. Treat your stomach as becomes a rational being;' live in accordance wifi the laws of nature,, taking due exercise, pure air, good food that is suited to your own peculiar organization, and, above all, allow yourself plenty of cheerful, mirth-provoking relaxation and it will be impossible for you to suffer from indigestion.— Pacific Rural Preet. *

Scientific Men.

Scientific men hinder scientific progress because they fail to apply their knowledge to practical use. They are known to the world as learned men; but their knowledge is of little more use than the Yankee side-hill plow was to the Virginia planter whom I met in Lynchburg, Va., under the following circumstances: I saf In the store of a Yankee agricultural implement dealer one hot July day, A tall, swarthy, intelligent-looking gentleman, on horseback, rode up to the .door. He was followed by a four-mule team, attached to a heavy, covered Virginia wagon, driven by a colored man. “ Good afternoon, Col. —t~," said the dealer. “Good evening,” was the response, with an accent indicating irritation. “ What brings you to town so soon Malnf” asked the dealer, who evidently feared something wrong, as he had sold the planter a plow a day or two before Well, sir, I’ve brought that plow back,” was the reply. “Brought the plow back! Why, what alls it? That waa one of my best plows—freezing dignity, “you remember there

was a small piece of iron attached to that plow with a String?’” “ Yes,” was the response. ’ “ Well, sir, I’ll be dog goned if either I or my old man could find a place where it would fit! We tried it every way and could do nothing with it, and so there it is in the wagon. I reckon you had better take it back or give me another-” [The planter had hauled it twenty miles in an empty Wagon, with a four-mule team.] “Why,” said the dealer (and you may imagine there was a broad smile upon his face), “ that was an extra point for you to use when the one now on the plow had worn out." The planter, a graduate of the University of Virginiji, and really a sensible man, saw the point, and allowed he Was a fool. He knew he had a plow, but.be did not know how to use it; so men of science have the implements of usefulness, but too generally fail to use and to teach others how to use them ; and whatever is useless is. valueless; and forthat which is valueless there are no seekers. —Cor. Rural New Yorker.

The Chinch-Bug.

Prof. C. V. Riley, the State Entomologist of Missouri, thus, in a recent number of the St. Louis Republican, epitomizes tlie'information concerning the chinch-bug: The chinch-bug injures by suction, not by biting. It winters in the perfect winged state, mostly dormant, principally in the old rubbish, such as dead leaves, corn-shucks, corn-stalks and under weeds and prostrate fence-rails and boards that generally surround grain fields; also, in whatever other sheltered situation it can get in adjacent woods: hence the importance of fighting the pest in the winter-time by burning it with its aforementioned shelter. Such burning will not destroy all the dormant hosts, but will practically render the species harmless—especially where whole communities combine to practice it. It issues from its winter quarters during the first balmy days of spring, when those females which were impregnated the previous fall, -and which arc most apt to survive the winter, commences ovipositing at once, if suitable conditions are at hand. Others take readily to wing, and scatter over our fields, attracted by preference to grain growing in loose and dry soil, into which they - iienctratc to eonsign their eggs. The eggs are deposited on the roots, and the young bugs, which are red, remain underground, sucking the roots during the early part of their lives, or until they are forced from necessity to travel from one plant to another. These springhatched bugs, constituting the first brood, do not as a rule acquire wings till after wheat is cut. It is, therefore, during and just after wheat harvest that they congregate and travel in such immense swarms as to attract attention. In July, as these acquire wings, they scatter over grass, late grain and corn fields, where they lay their eggs; but the second brood, hatching from these eggs, attract less attention and do less injury than did the first, because of its more scattered nature and the greater maturity and resisting power of its food-plants. Anything that will prevent the mother bug from getting at the roots of the grain will prevent the injury of her progeny; hence the importance in this connection of fall plowing and usin£ the roller upon land that is loose and friable; and hence, if old corn ground is sufficiently clean, it is a good plan to harrow in a crop of small grain upon it without plowing at all. The earlier, also, that wheat gets well st arted and matures the less it will suffer; because it may be harvested before the bugs acquire their greatest growth and power for harm; hence, and from the greater compactness of the ground, winter wheat suffers less than spring wheat. Heavy rains are—destructive to the chinch-bug; hence, if such occur in the fall, the farmer may plant with little fear of injury the following year, while if they occur in spring he need' suffer no anxiety, so far as chinch-bugs are concerned; hence, also, where irrigation is practicable, the pest may at all times bo overcome. It injures no other plants than grasses and cereals. In its migration from field to field it may be checked by n lineof far poured on the ground,.or by deep furrows or'trenches,' but the tar must be kept soft and the surface of the furrows friable and pulverized.

Weights and Measures.

A correspondent of the Rural New Yorkersnys the imperial gallon (English) holds ten pounds of water, the United States gallon holds 8.339 pounds, and the New York gallon holds exactly eight pounds. It is a well-understood fact that the Constitution of the United States provides that Congress and Con gress alone shall have power to regulate the weights and measures usecFin this country. Congress has enacted that the gallon used in these United States shall contain exactly 231 cubic inches or 8.339 pounds of water, and when the State of New York passed a law providing for a gallon that would hold exactly eight pounds of water the wiseacres at Albany exceeded their pow'er and the law was unconstitutional and consequently null and void. There is but one standard gallon in the State of New York and that gallon is the - United States gallon. Before leaving this subject it may be well to, allude to the laws passed in the different States, declaring that the bushel shall contain so many pounds of different kinds of grain. It is a serious question whether these laws are-constitutional. We have no doubt that when a contract is made-for soirtany bushel? - of grain the courts would enforce the delivery of so many measures each of which should contain 2,150.42 cubic inches. The definition “ Illinois bushel” or “ lowa bushel” would, not affect this decision. Illinois, lowa and other States have no right to adopt a bushel which differs from that of the United States.

The Doom of England.

Now, let us face boldly and state in the plainest language what the industrial decadence of our country, whether it will come sooner or later, will mean when it begins. (Statistics are unnecessary here; they cannot be precise, and might give rike to useless controversy on details.) It will mean that we shall lose one foreign market after another; that we shall gradually cease to manufacture for other manufacturing countries; then that those countries, after supplying themselves, will meet us and beat us in neutral markets; finally, that we shall be reduced to the supply of our own demand. This will be a terrible reverse—a momentous and, it may be, a miserable change. It must involve, a vast and grave metamorphosis; it may, but it-need not, involve ruin. The extent and depth of suffering we shall have to undergo during the sad progress and the weary struggle will depend upon how soon and hftW’ distinctly we recognize the coming revolution and how wisely and courageously we meet it. /The great, ultimate, naked fact we look At is this: The home demand for our iron, cotton, woolen goods, etc., may be about one-third of the whole; we manufacture njainly for foreign consumption. About one-third, of all our productive industry is all that we' can hope ultimately to keep going. Two-thirds of our artisan population, therefore, must cease to be—or to remain. That vast proportion of

our imports which is now paid lor by our millions of exports will have to be foregone, or to be purchased by other funds. To speak broadly, the population of these islands, which is now maintained by agriculture, commerce and manufactures, will have to be maintained by agriculture and commerce almost alone. We shall, therefore, only be able to support 20,000,000 people, instead of 30,000,000 as at present. England will become a second Holland —greater, richer, more powerful than the first. But she may be a prosperous and happy Holland Still, if she only’ sees her destiny in time,’ and girds up her loins to meet it as a great_nation should. — Contemporary Review.

Nature’s Fly-Traps.

As the season for flies comes on, the drug stores will put Out their papers for destroying these friends of man, and the groceries will display their various traps for the same purpose. Brown paper that kills the fly mechanically, by sticking up his legs and exhausting him i«r fruitless efforts tb escape ; lead-colored paper that treacherously allures, intoxicates and poisons; green wire traps, filled with bugging swarms aw’aiting immersion into a tub or a holocaust at the kitchen stove, will tempt the money out of the pockets of afflicted housekeepers. All these contrivances are dull and brutal things. They are either grossly treacherous or wholesale traps of no interest at all as pieces of mechanism. The genius of nature has ordained that every species-of animal shall be preyed upon and destroyed by some instinctive enemy. But for the poor fly, or winged insect, she has provided a double class of enemies. On them prey not only innumerable species of animals, but also an abundant variety of vegetable growths. Ichneumons, toads, birds and spiders butcher the gentle little fly for food, while innumerable animals, from mere angry passions, Attack and destroy them. Horses and cows switch them with their tails; indeed, this seems to be the predisposing cause of switchy tails; dogs snap at them;, men slap, at them— We will not suggest so obnoxious or impracticable a scheme as substituting these animals • for the chemical and mechanical traps men have invented. An animate horse-tail will hardly do to brush flies away from the table, anil toads, however innocent in their manward habits, are a terror to the wornen and children. Spiders might be left to spin their webs were it not for that conventionalism of the ladies which links a reputation for neatness with the drawings of a-broom periodically over ceilings and down the angles of the room. But the vegtetable world can furnish us with fly-traps at once ornamental and effective, ingenious and capricious. In these days, when herbariums are affected by housekeepers, why could not a window be filled with a curious and active plant which will work infinite delight for the observer? The way to do this thing is to secure a window-box which will hold water. In this put some mosses gathered from peat-bogs or marshes, saturate them well with water, and plant out the common pitcher-plant and the sundews of our Atlantic coast. The first of these plants is only a mechanical trap. Its pitcher is filled nearly w ith water, which the flies try to drink, when they fall in and drown. Naturalists tell us that these leaves are sometimes so filled with drowned flies as to furnish a riclr nutriment to the plant. rThe sundews arc an ingenious and animated predatory flower. They know as much as a puppy four weeks old. They can’t be fooled. They will eat animal food, but they are not like the silly, sensitive plant that shuts up at every touch. Mrs. Treat tells us that her sundew's knew -Uic difference between a piece of meat and a piece of chalk. One they will shut down upon and the other they willnot touch. This plant spreads out its leaves, which are covered with little, fine bristles. On their edge they exude a delicious nectar, which the silly little fly is fond of. As soon as he puts his proboscis in the nectar, up comes the spines and fastens him down. Then the leaf curls over him and begins to digest him. This is cruel, but far more comfortable than for the flies to bite and digest us:—Providence (R. I.) Journal.

Woman’s Work in the Domestic Sphere.

It remains to add that Dr. Priestley was eminently fortunate in his domestic relations. His wife possessed rare qualifications as a helpmeet to her husband, and had a large share in the success of his career; for, although, as far as we can learn, she did not participate in his special studies, yet it appears that, but for her, he never could have carried through his numerous and formidable undertakings. His to this is explicit, lie says: “My wife was a woman of excellent understanding, much improved by reading, qf great fortitude and strength of mind,’ of a temper in the highest degree affectionate and generous, feeling strongly for others and little for herself. Also, greatly excelling in everything relating to household affairs, she entirely relieved me of all concern of that kind, which allowed me to give all my time to the prosecution of my studies and thexither duties of my station.” His son-states that his father used to say that he was merely a lodger, and had all his time to devote to his own pursuits. All honor, then, to the wife to whose womanly devotion the world is indebted for whatever is great and good in the achievements of the husband! We have lately heard much of a great man who attributes all his profoundest thoughts to the genius of his wife, he being really only a scribe and editor; but we hdte see how a great man may owe his intellectual eminenee to his wife, even though she be not so gifted as to be able to furnish all his best ideas. Of the two methods this is certainly the most encouraging for woman, as it assigns the highest office to her acknowledged capacities, and precludes all question of rivalry. The united pair work in separate spheres and different ways to the same end; and the wife’s affections become as indispensable to the result as the husband’s intellect. Had Mrs. Priestley been animated bymodern views, and essayed to carve out her own separate fortune in the field of science or theology, it is eminently probable that she would have failed to do any great thing herself, and quite certain that she would have effectually defeated her husband. This must have been the result, if what Dr. Priestley says is true, that her efficient domestic aid" and her sympathetic, support in his trials and sufferings were among the indispensable conditions of his own-success. And thus, in the-seclusion of heir own family, absorbed in social cares, forgetting herself in instinctive solicitude for others, and probably with no ambition beyond, this true woman and model wife was really joint-partner with her Illustrious husband in the good he accomplished, if not in the fame he won. And who shall say that hers was not, after all, the nobler and happier sharg of the work*— E. L. Hmmans, in Popular, Science Monthly for Augtut. —To make malleable brass, fuse 33 parts of copper in a loosely-covered crucible, then add 25 parts of’Silesian zinc,' purified by sulphur; mix thoroughly by stirring, and pour into sand molds. Portland, Me., is to have new fairgrounds and a trotting-park, costing $25,-

FARM AND HOUSEHOLD.

—For a paste for papering on a board ceiling put in a gill of melted glue to a panful of ordinary paste: —To destroy cabbage-worms make a strong solution of soft soap and water and sprinkle the plants with it. It will destroy the worms and stimulate the growth of the cabbages. —To make potato cakes, take mashed potatoes, flour and a little salt; to make them sweet add a little powdered loaf sugar; mix with just enough milk to make the paste stiff enough to roll; mafce it the size and thickness of a muffin and bake quickly. —To Cook Eggs ala Bonne Femme— Slice an onion, fry it in butter to a light brown, add a teaspoonful of vinegar; butter a dish, spread the onion and vin.cgar.xtver it, break the eggs -inte-tt-and then put the dish into the oven; when the eggs are done strew fried breadcrumbs over them and kerve very hot. —To keep red ants out /of cupboards, etc., dip a few sponges in highly-sweet-ened W’ater and place them in the way of the ants. They will soon be full of the red pests; then dip them in boiling water, which kills them. Repeat the process until the w'hole colony is captured. ». • " —To Stuff a Ham. —Parboil and place the ham on a tray; make incisions over it with a sharp knife some two or three inches deep and stuff these with a dressing made of crackers cooked to a brown crisp and crumbled fine; add salt, pepper, egg, butter, parsley and onion chopped fine, then bake it brown in a moderate heat and serve when cold. —Rice, large pearl sago and tapioca are best when the pudding is made without eggs; sprinkle a little of any one of the above at the bottom of a puddingdish, add a little sitfear and fill up with milk; stir well before placing in the oven; to the sago add a small piece of cinnamon broken up. The rice must bake quite four hours; the sago and tapioca about three. Skim milk will do if you cannot spare the new milk. —By a simple process steel may be made so hard that it w’ill pierce any substance but a diamond. Jewelers, lapidaries and miners, who wish to give their drills this degree of hardness, have but to subject them to the following treatment: The tool is first brought to a white heat. and then pressed into a stick of sealing-wax, left there for a second, and then removed and inserted into the wax in another place. This operation should be repeated until the instrument is too cool to enter the wax. —Cream Renversee. —Mix three tablespoonfuls of flour with a gill of cold milk, and then add a gill of scalded milk. Put in a saucepan over the fiie and stir until it begins to thicken, then take it off and add four ounces of white sugar and the yolks of four eggs, with a teaspoonful of lemon extract or any flavor you like; then beat the whites of the eggs to a stiff froth and stir it in the mixture; place it in a buttered pan or mold and set it in a kettle of boiling water to rise. After it has risen.bake it it in a mild out on a dish upside down. — Cultivator. —To make cucumber catsup, take large green cucumbers just, before turning yellow, wash them, but do not pare them; cut them open; take out the seeds; grate them on a coarse grater. Then put the pulp into a sieve to drain, and when all the juice is out put into a-dish and season with salt and pepper to suit the table. Put into bottles or glass cans with glass covers; then fill full of cold cider vinegar and seal tight. Do not fill the bottles or cans to the top with the pulp, as you will not have room for the vinegar. Leave three inches. This is the way I make it, and we think it very nice. W--—Here are two methods of making good home-made vinegar: 1. To one pint of strained honey add two gallons of soft water. Let it stand in a moderately warm place. In three weeks it will be excellent vinegar. 2. Boil a pint of corn till it is a little soft; put it into a jar; add a pint of molasses and four quarts of water; mix well together and set near the stove. In two days it will be good beer, in two or three weeks it will be first-rate vinegar. The same corn will dp for several months. When the vinegar is made pour it off and add molasses and water to the corn. We have not tested these recipes, but give them as we find them in the books. —The famous dye called henna, which has been in use among Oriental nations from very ancient times, is procured from the shrub Lawsonia alba, of the natural order Lythracece. The plant is often cultivated for the sake of its flowers, which are exceedingly fragrant ; but it is mainly prized for its leaves, which abound in coloring matter. These last, being dried, powdered and made into a paste with hot water and catechu, are employed by the women of the East to stain the nails and tips of the fingqrs of an orange color. The men also use it to dye their beards—the orange being converted into a deep black by indigo—and the manes and hoofs of horses. It' is also used to give to Skinsand leather the hue of reddish-yellow.

Animal Esthetics.

A writer in Land and Water gives some curious instances of the sensibility of ducks to colors and musical sounds. He once had in his garden a, border of China asters of the most brilliant colors. The ducks would congregate round these and lie there for hours. They never pecked at them, as they found snails or slugs among them. They appeared simply gazing at them, as if attracted by the gay colors. Another time he had a large clump of__very brilliant violet flowers; which by their brightness shone out from the rest of the border. This clump w-as like a magnet to the ducks; some of them were always around it. One everfing the writer had a party of friends. It was summer time, and the doors of the sitting-room were open to the .lawn. One of the company commenced playing on the piano. No soone* was there a pause in the music than two ducks, which had by some means got into the room, rose from under a chair and waddled all over tire apartment, quacking loudly. On the music commencing the, ducks crouched down, perfectly silent while it continued. The experiment was made several times with the same result. That it was not surprise or fear which induced this behaviof.was afterward proved, for on subsequent occasions the same ducks would, upon hearing the piano, leave the field and come into the room to’ listen.

Very Peculiar Jellies.

Jellies, .generally,-are frauds. They may be described, indeed, as base, double frauds. They are not what they seem, either in size of tumbler or in quality of article. They look beautiful and tempting, and accomplish that peculiar feat of making one’s mouth water,as speedily as anything. Every lady visitor to a restaurant looks with envy at the clear, bright color of the jellies that occupy the post of honor on the top of the pickle bottles in. the windows of the establish: ment. If she be a visitor from thecountry she generally insists that her husband shall cany home a sample, to be tested on the’ first opportunity. Woman-like she “ learns,” -with Goldsmith’s heroine, “ too late that men betray.” Her beautiful currant jelly is a villainous mixture.

It has no more relationship to the currant jelly which she has stored in her cupboard than butyric acid has with truth. In fact, it has no connection, not even’Ot the most distant kind, with currants at all. . Jellies and canned fruits constitute one of tlie most grossly adulterated branches of the manufacturer’s business. They are made.principally at the East, although there are some manufactories in the West. But by far the greater proportion of the jellies in general use which are sold in tumblers arc manufactured by a few firms who carry oft extensive works in New’ York, Philadelphia and other Eastern points. The business has grown to immense proportions. It is to-day so large that the supply of fruit is altogether inadequate to meet the demand— - - . ■ The result is that there has been a general resort on the part of jelly manufacturers to processes of adulteration. In this case, unfortunately, the articles used are not always harmless. They are often very deleterious, always most offensive. In jellies, calves’ feet glue is the principal thing used, which, sweetened with sugar and colored by aniline dyes, is passed oft upon the innocent public as being the very fruit itself. Of course the very general adulteration enables the manufacturer to sell a tumbler of currant jelly to the purchaserat far less than would have to be pnicl if nothing but the “ Simon pure” article was used. But the advantage thus obtained by the consumer of a cheap article is one not worth possessing. It would be far better to pay the price necessary to secure the pure currant jelly than to be defrauded by paying a less sum for a foul compound, consisting principally of glue, with some dangerous chemical preparation thrown in to give the glue the necessary color. But “ the race of fools is immortal ;” and the genealogy of knaves stretches back to the flood, and will continue unto the coming of the millennium, The value of currant and other fruit jellies consists principally in the citric, melic and tartaric acids that they contain. The artificial jellies are altogether innocent of any of these acids. They are simply glue.— Chicago Times.

An Alligator Allegation.

That alligators swallow’ their young I have ocular demonstration in a single case, and have the universal tradition of negroes and whites in this region of Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas that such is their habit. In the winter of 1843 4 I was-ongaged making a survey on the banks of the Ilomochitto Lake. The day was warm and sunny,’ and, as I halted near the margin of a pond partly dried up to pick some shells, I started a litter of young alligators that scampered oft, yelping like puppies, and retreating some tw'enty yards to the bank of Lake Homochitto. I saw them reach their refuge in the mouth of a five-foot alligator. She evidently held open her mouth to receive them, as, in single file, they passed in beyond my observation. The dam then turned slowly round, and slid down beneath the water, passing into a large opening in the bank beneath the -root-o L-an ash tree. Doubtless this refuge is temporary, and the young are released at their own or the mother’s pleasure.—Popular Science M i<thly for August. . , : , ... ", L There is a new hat for rainy days—a simple frame with a handkerchief stretched over it.

A Mammoth Dispensary.

[from the St. Louis Republican.'] “Among the notable physicians of this country, Dr. R. V. Pierce, o’s Buffalo, N. Y., .stands deservedly high. He lias obtained professional eminence through strictly legitimate and fully deserves the cnvjaluc reputation which he enjoys. A thorough and careful preparation for his calling and extensive reading, during a long and unusually large practice, have made him extraordinarily successful in his private practice, and gained the commendation even of his professional brethren. By devoting his attention mainly to certain speeialties-he has been rewarded in a very great degree, and in these lines is recognized as a leader. Not .a few of his preparations compounded for these special cases have been adopted and are Used in their private practice by physicians throughout the country, and his -pamphlets and larger works upon these subjects have been welcomed as valuable additions to medical literature, and placed among the regular text-books of many medical schools. Acknowledgment of the services which be has performed for, medical science has been made bv presentations of degrees from two of the first medical institutions of the land, and by the translation of several of his works into German, Spanish and other foreign languages. The. increasing demand for his specifics some time since necessitated the opening of a regular dispensary for their preparation, and from a small beginning the business of this establishment has now grown to mammoth proportions. Thus, during the three mouths ending March 31, 1874, the sum expended for postage alone, not to speak of that paid on newspapers, amounted to §2,080.70. Over a hundred persons are employed in the various departments andja corps of able and skilled physicians are retained as an advisory board in difficult cases. Elsewhere in to-day’s Republican a whole page; is devoted to a communication from Dr. Pierce setting forth something of the history and details of this vast establishment, which will be found not uninteresting reading.” If you would patronize Medicines scientifically prepared by a skilled Physician and Chemist—use Dr. Pierce’s Family Medicines. Golden Medical Discovery is nutritious, tonic, alterative or blood cleansing, and an unequaled cough remedy; Pleasant JPurgative Pellets, scarcely larger than mustard seed, constitute an agreeable and reliable physic; Favorite Prescription, an unequaled remedy for debilitated females; Extract of Smartweed, a magical remedy for Pain, Bowel Complaints, and an uijequaled Liniment for both human and horse flesh; while his Dr. Sage’s Catarrh Remedy is known the world over as the -greatest specific for Catarrh and Cold-in Head” ever given to the publie. Just Taken His-Bcttebh.—We hcard a seedy-looking individual with an alarmingly red nose remark to a brother soaker that he had “ just had his bitters, but he did not mind taking another nip.” His remark suggested a train of reflection. How was it, we asked ourselves, that the word “ bitters” had grown to be a synonym for gin, whisky, rum and other alcoholic stimulants, to which .it .was applied indiscriminately? ' Bitters, we reasoned, suggested the idea of a healthful tonic, not of a poisonous stimulant; something invigorating to the system, not an alcoholic irritant, full of fusel-oil, producing present intoxication and ultimate insanity, idiocy, or premature death. Moreover, our idea of bitters was totally irreconcilable with “gin cocktails,” “rum punches” and “ brandy smashes,” which, we are informed, are sweetened with sugar, and rendered doubly injurious with essences colored by means of mineral poison. This was bitter-sweet with a vengeance. We mentioned this problem to a friend. He solved it by exclaiming: “ Why, don’t you know that most of these bitters advertised as renie.dies are only drams in disguise? Topers know it if you do not. I must make one exception, however,” he said, “ and that’s Dr. Walker’s California Vinegar Bitters; there isn’t a particle of alcohol or fermented liquor in it, and it is the best vegetable tonic and alterative in America.” Wanted—loo,ooo,ooo Men.—Apply for «* situation at the nearest gents’, furnishing store. They will engage you bi your paying the price of a box or more of- Elmwood Collars, which you can take home with you. The Northwestern Horse Nail Co.’s > “ Finished ” Nail is the beat tn the world. ■ tv* Asthma can be cured. See Hurst’s advertise. meat.

Wilhoit's Fever and Ague Tonic.—Thia medicine is used by construction companies for the benefit of their employes, when engaged in malarial districts. The highest testimonials have been given by contractors and by the Presidents of some of the leading railroads in the South and West. When men arc congregated in large numbers in the neighborhood of swamps and rivers, Wilhoft’s Tonje will prove a valuable addition to the stock of medicines,-and will amply reward the companv in the saving of time, Tabor and money. We recommend it to all. Wheelock, Finlay & Co., Proprietors, New Orleans. For Sale by All Druggists.

The Ladles’ Soro.ll Club, ot New York, re. cently changed their discussions from Woman's suffrage to Hair Preparations and Pimple Banlshers. They declared that where nature had not endowed them with beauty, ft was their right—yea, their duty—to seek It where they could. So they all voted that Magnolia Balm overcame Sallowness, Rough Skin and klngniarks, and gave to the complexion a most distingue (Soroslan) and >nf rble-llke appearance (dangem oustomen, no doubt); and that Lypn’s Kathalron made the hair grow thick, soft and awful pretty, and moreover prevented It from turning gray. If the pro prletors of these articles did not send the sisters an Invoice, they are not smart. Not Quite So Fast, Mr. Jones!— A horsedoctor In Philadelphia was caught changing the celebrated Mexican Mustang Liniment Intoother bottles and using It as his own recipe. Honesty Is always the best policy. These medicine ineu like to follow up such fellows. It cured the lame horse all the same; big It damaged the Doctor’s reputation, and benefited the proprietor tn proportion. We have heard of so many Rheumatic persons and lame horses being cured by the Mustang Llulment that we advise every housekeeper, liveryman and planter to Invest In a 50-ct. or a 11.00 bottle, against accident. Beware of counterfeits. It Is wrapped In a steel engraving, signed “G. W. Westbrook, Chemist." se Grand Revolution in MedioalTbkatment, which was commenced In iB6O. Is still in progress. Nothing can stop It, foe It Is founded on the principle, now universally acknowledged, that physical vigor Is the most formidable antagonist of all human ailments, and experience has shown that Plantation Bitteks Is a peerless invlgorant, as well as the best possible safeguard against epidemic diseases.

WHEN WRITING TO AUVEBTIHEKS please any you saw the tidvertlsemrn' In thia paper ECONOMY. Every Intelligent person is aware that a large amount of money is wasted and thrown away every year in Clothing. Silk„ Laces, Kid Gloves, etc., which Become soiled with GREASE, PAINT, TAR, Etc., and are laid aside not half worn. There is no longer any excuse for thia fearful waste, as Sapoliene WILL CLEAN All Kinds of Clothing', Silks, Laces, Kid Gloves, Etc., Etc. It Removes PAINT, GREASE, TAR, Etc., Instantly, And without the least Injury to the finest fabric. Makes Old Cloths Look Like New. Sold by Agents and Druggists. JYGrEIXTS WA.NTBD. Address WM. WHEELER & CO., 107 Bank Street, Cleveland, Ohio. Western Orders filled by • W. W. HALLOCMf 77 & 79 Jackson Street, Chicago. ROOFING. We Manufacture the only Roofing in use in Chicagp. (TSEYD FOR DARRETT, ARNOLD & KIMBALL 230 MONROE STREET, CHICAGO.

Rev. Milton Rowley, of Marseilles, Ills. —says: “I .have noscrupts about recommending Kress Fever Tonic. I rather regard it Cs2?* as a means of grace in this locality, many of my best parishioners are kept, by Ague, from chjirch; besides Q makes men cross, peevish and un- © J social and any medicine which will cure such ills, should have the bene- At of the clergy. I know Kress Fe- < ver Tonic will cure, because I triedit myself and have seen it tried, and I gladly do what I can to introduce sb reliable a medicine to my friends.” A box of liver pills free with every bottle of medicine. Kress Manufacturing Company, Cincinnati.

WANTED *® To sell the HOME SHUTTLE SEWING MACHINE where we are not represented. Reader’.! you can make money selling the “HOME SHUTTLE” whether you are EXPERIENCED In the business or not. If you wish to buv a Sewing Machins forfainily use our circulars will show you how to save money. Address JOHNSON. CLARK & CO.. Chicago. 111. The Life I ■ J W IllUal and Public !■ "Piri Services of Is / i aJPb A ill 18l 10*1 By C. Edwards Lester. This work has. been some years in preparation, most of the matter having been furnished by Mr. Sumner nimself. Contains 600 pages, an elegant steel portrait and numerous IluFtratlons. Is now ready for immediate delivery. AGENTS WANTED in every town. Sold only by subserfption. OSGOOD & CO., 4 South-Clark St., Chicago, 111. CENTRAL HOTEL, Market-st., cor. Washington, Chicago, 111. J $2.50 PER DIY ! 200 ROOMS 4 Passenger Elevator. J. APPLETON WILSON, Prop’r. Solid (Y.L. Ath.) or Ornamental (1.C.0.M.) Culture. The two great institutions of the West are THE Y OITNG LADIES ATHENAEUM and THE ILL. CtINSEItVA. TORY OF MUSIC. Ifyou have a davguteb. address for circular, w. D. Sanders, Sup’t, Jacksonville, 111. M Rl R R I R a MORPHINE HABIT speedily HB gj HE R HA&q cured by Dr. Deck's only R H BBfl Ewl known & sine Remedy, wl IwJlwl 3XO for treatment until cured. Call on or address DR. J. C. BECK, Cincinnati, O. FIVE MYSTERIOUS PICTURES. Concealed Beauties. Strange Devices. Puzzling Problems. FREE TO ALL Address, with stamp, ADAMS & CO., 4 Pearl street, Boston. Pennsylvania Military Academy. Chester. Pa. Opens Wednesday, Sept. 9th. Course of Stndi s,extensive Civil and Mechanical Engineering. The Classics and English thoroughly taught. For circulars apply to Coi. THEO. HYATT, President. Ilf lIV Send 25 cents and the address of five perVT n 1 sons And receive by mail a Beautiful Chromo, size 7by 9—worth SI.SG-and full inhl AT st ructions to clear S2O a day. Address RUI Plumb A Co., 109 South Blh St., Phila., Pa. To Millers and Engine Owners. To nearly doubleyonr steamnower and save fuel xlso, addreaq J. Fl TALLANT, Burlington, Iowa! A GENTS WANTED, Men or Women. |SI a A weekor»loCl forfeited. The Secret free. Write at once to COWEN & CO., Eighth street, New York; fit w O P er at home. Terms Free. Address b geo. Stinsox & Co., Portland, Maine.

BUY J. & P. COATS' BLACK THREAD for yow MACHINE.

KAssAcsim AMmmi eras Eleventh Annual Report, sent gratia to all applicant*. Next year begins August'ZL For Information address W. S. CLARK, President, ?* AMHERST, MASS. UH N F V made ny selling TEAS at IslVllCT IMPORTERS* PRICES or getting tip Clnlis In Towns and Country for the oldest Tea Co. in America. Greatest Inducements. Send for circular. CASTOS TEA CO., 148 Chambers street, N. Y. W. H.WCOLB A and dealers In Needles, Tuckers, ana attachments for all double-thread Sewing Machines. Sample dox. needles sent to any postoffice address on receipt of 50 cts. JEOTGSIMA&T. } A Yn ora ’ Eight Departments. Commercial College attached. Fall term opens Sept. 1. For Catalogue, address Eav. C. E. MANDEVILLE, A. M„ Principal. MONEY Mak ng Employment. Best ever offered. Address M. B. LOVELL, Erie, Pa.

l)r. J. Walker’s California Vinegar Bitters are a purely Vegetable pieparation, made chiefly from the native herbs found on the lower ranges of the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, the medicinal properties of which are extracted therefrom without the use of Alcohol. The question is almost daily asked, “What is the cause of the unparalleled success of Vinegar Bitters!” Our answer is, that they remove the cause of disease, and the patient recovers his health. They are the great blood purifier and a life-giving principle, a perfect Renovator aud Invigorator of the system. Never before in the history of the world has a medicine been compounded possessing the remarkable qualities of Vinegar Bitters in healing the sick of every disease man is heir to. They are a gentle Purgative as well as a Tonic, relieving Congestion or Inflammation of the Liver and Visceral Organs, in Bilious Diseases. The properties of Dr. Walker’s Vinegar Bitters are Aperient, Diaphoretic, Carminative, Nutritious, Laxative, Diuretift Sedative, Counter-Irritant, Sudorific, Altera five, and Anti-Bilious. 11. 11. MCDONALD & CO., Druggists and Gon. Agts., San Francisco. California, and coh of Washington and Charlton Sts., N. Y. Sold by all Druggists and Dealers. fcHiw Comp any For xnythlng wmtei in the Uichlnory line, iddnss them at HAMILTON, OHIO, or ST. LOUIS, MO Inquirers please mention where they saw this. WATERS’CONCERTO ORBANS are the most beautiful in style and perfect in tone ever made. The CONCERTO STOP is the best ever placed in any organ. It is produced an extra set of reeds, peculiarly voiced, the EFFECT of which is MOST CHARMING and SOUL-STItIRING. IMITATION Of the ULMAN VOICE U SIPERB. Terms liberal. WATERS’Philharmonic, Vesper and Orchestral ORGANS, in Unique French Cases.are among tAe best made, and combine PURITY of VOICING with great volume of tone. Suitable /or PARLOR, CHURCH or MUSIC HALL. WATERS’ Now Scale PIANOS have great power and a fine singing tonejri/A all modern improvements, and are the BEST PI A NOS MADE. These Organsand Pianos Que warranted for 6 years. PRICES EXTREMELY LOW for cash, or part cash and balance in monthly or quarterly payments. Second-hand instruments taken tfa exchange. AGENTS W A NTJaOin every CtfßnTy fn rne U. Js.ana Canada. A liberal-dis-count to Teachers. JfitiMe'O. Churches Lodges, etc. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES mailed. , HORACE WATERS & SON. 481 Broadway, New York* P. O. Box 3507. richfarWlanbs IN NEBRASKA. Now For Sale Very Cheap.; Ten Yean’ Credit, Interest Only 6 Per Cent. Send for “ The Pioneer,” A handsome Illustrated paper, containing the Homestead Law, a NEW NUMBER just published, mailed free to all parts of the world. Address O. F. DAVIS, Land Commissioner U. P. R. R., Omaha, Neb. The Wise Men of the Land, the Divine, the Physician, the Judge, use daily, in their own homes, and recommend to all Invalids and sufferers from Dyspepsia, Sick Headache, Sour Stomach, Costivencss, Heartburn, Indigestion, Piles, Bijioss Attacks, Liver Complaints, Gout and Rheumatic Affections, Nature’s own great and good Remedy, Tarrant’s Effervescent Seltzer Aperient, as the best and most reliable medicine ever offered to the people for the above class of diseases. The nursing babe, its brothers and sisters, its parents and grandparents, will all find this pleasant remedy well adapted for their different complaints. For sale by all druggists. AST HNIA. Jr ■flriX wa Popliam’s Asthma Specific Warranted to relieve any cane in illii lllllu TEX M ,xt ' TES * lill I U 1 EnfTered nearly two montlix W ’ 11,0,11 y° nr AKthma Hpe- " relieved Jhe ininiediately.” i 1 F. C. UrnYKK, Bulavia, 111. Sold by nil ~ox« *’y niai I, postpaid. trial package fkee. Xj - . Addrvim, inclosing alanip, t. Popham a cp.» Pmi.ADKLPUIA,TKhW KDont.t FOR PRICE - war* RK.DEDERICK& CO - A AL.ANY, N.Y; Requires OE,Cf Us T|c ,. but two horse power : and A.- Il » a bales either nay or cotton without tramplug or stopping. Thirty bales of hay per hour. Twenty bales of cotton- * per hour. , BALIH6 KEM INSTANT RELIEF and A STM RJI A Radical Cure for tile AST M SW A Innnediatcrelief guaranteed by usingmy Asthma remedy. I suffered 12 years, not lying down for weeks ata time, but am now entirely cured. Bent by mail on receipt of price,.®! per box. Ask your Druggist, for IL CHAS. B. HURST, Rochester. Beaver Co., Pa. AGEICTB FOR Prof. FOWLER’S GREAT WORK On Manhood, Womanhood, and their Mutnal Inter- ■ Relations ; Lore, its Laws. Power, etc. Agents are selling from IS to 25 copies a day. Send ;P r ajpecimen pages and terms to Agents, and sew why At °l, he . r b “ ok ' Address NATIONAL PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, HL, or St. Louis, Mo. OUR aloguefbr 1874wi1l be sent free to Agents on application, a..... K®w MAPS, CHARTS, CH BONOS, DIE Mr etc. Our nxw«aps of INDIANA, " ILLTkoiR, OHIO and MICHIGAN, are the best and clieapct published. ■ w. c. nniDcsLim, V I B nnrel»z Htre.t, York,

NEW STYLE OF MAPS. Maps of the United States so arranged as to give the purchaser a map of any of the Western States lie may wish to accompany It on the same sheet. Ils neatness and originality of style render It a marked success. Terms made known to Agents wishing to sell It by addressing RUFUSHLANCHARD, ' 13'4 Clark Street, Chicago. A DVERTISEBB! Am. Newspaper Union repreA sauts over I.MO papers, divided imoT subdivisions. Bend 3-cent stamp fbr Map showing location of papers, with combined and separate bats, gi ring est mates for cost of advertising. Address 8. P. SANBORN, Hi Monroe street, Ch.cago, UL CgOr PER DAY Commission orß3o a week SalA N. K. «88-F. *■ riPHIS PA PER Is printed wttfi INK maatnacrnr«r> I by ft. B. KANE A CO., 141 Deartnan Bt..Ctdca«o For sale b A. N KgLUiM 77 Jaakadb BL. Cktrar-