Rensselaer Union, Volume 6, Number 45, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 30 July 1874 — Page 4

History of Maps.

BT RUFCB BLANCHARD. ' Away back In the 42d Olympiad, when Kings ran foot-races with “ newsboys,” —almost 600 years before the Christian era— there dwelt at Miletus, Thales, one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece. It is enough to say of him that he wasa Grecian philosopher. Whether he ever had a sheepskin diploma or not, don’t mat er. History gives him the eredit df introduc ing to the world the familiar theory of the signs of the Zodiac, and of being the first one to calculate eclipses. This information was given to the world shortly after his return from Egypt, that famous old seat of learning in those days. Like other wise men of his age he gloried in imparting instruction to his peers, and particularly to the youth of his country. Anaximander was one of his fortunate pupils, and not only made himself master of the science of his tutor, but carried his researches even beyond that distinguished old sage. Without the assistance of any corner-lot endowment or other auxiliary that we know of, he set np a school, and probably taught pliiloso&To him is „ ascribed the honor of vering the obliquity of the Zodiac. He was a famous traveler, gleaning from, every part of the then known world materials for the development of science; and, the better to disseminate the information derived from his Studies and travels, he published a map of the world as it was then known. To him, therefore, belongs the honor of being the first inventor of maps.. Two hundred years later, Socrates, byway of reproof to Alcibiades for his pride, told him to look on the map for his estates; which is good testimony that the Grecians made use of them.

Later along down the highways of human invention and progress we find the Phoenicians making use of maps as a guide to their commercial pursuits, in which they well-nigh monopolized the trade of India—that inexhaustible source of supply. Sesostris, King of Egypt, also caused his dominions to be mapped; and Ptolemy Claudius, of Alexandria, issued a map of the world, and twenty-six other jmaps, on which to illustrate the sciences of which he was master. Agathodiemon was his draftsman. Says Yarro. the Romans issued maps of their conquered countries; and, in the days of Caesar, Peutenger drew a map of the world, socalled. it was twenty-one feet long, and only one foot wide. Its object appeals to havebeento ffiapthe military- routes to Roman colonies; to which purpose Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia were distorted out of proportion worse than some of the circular railroadmaps of our present day- distort the States through which they- pass, to make their own route appear the most direct. The Arabian scholars made use of the maps of Ptolemy, and perhaps issued others. But a hiatus in map-iiteraturcof several centuries succeeds the decline and fall of the colossal power of Rome, in which little but the germ-cells of art and science were preserved frorti destruction, -These began to show themselves in Venice, Germany, England, France and Spain in the fifteenth century; and maps, with other literature, made their reappearance from these favored places. Of the early specimens of English maps the writer has many in his possession, some of which are venerable with the dust of two centuries. One ct these is an atlas of the world. The engraving is respectable and the coloring delicate; in which respect it is more artistic than some of the maps of the present day, in which an excess of color serves to conceal imperfections in engraving. Thanks' are due to Zebina Eastman, who procured these maps for me duringkis eight years’ Consulship in Bristol These early English maps were engraved on copper—the use of litliographte . tone being then unknown; but the commercial age hastened along, when common people began to discard coarse blouse-shirts for immacculate linen, washed and starched with glossiness. Alois Senfelder was one of these devotees -to cleanly habitudes, and employed a washwoman,. He was also systematic in the method of doing business, and invoiced his list of soiled linen as he gave i* out. On one occasion he hapened to do this on the smooth surface of a polished stone in his possession. The facility with which it took the impression suggested to him the idea that printing could be done on it. He tried his new plan and success was the result. This invention, achieved in 1795, was immediately put in practice. Rome and London introduced the newart in 1807, Paris in 1814, and the United States in 1822. The result has been cheap maps for the million —a desideratum auspicious for the necessities of the new States and growing cities of the West.

The invention of transferring impressions from an engraving to a polished stone was not put in practice till about 1845. Bv this process as many small maps as the sheet will hold can at a single impression. Steam-printing of maps is a very recent invention —scarce jkdecade old." Small maps are rapidlyprinted by this process for circular maps, and any maps wanted in large numbers, if not too large in size; but maps, par excellence, used in offices, and good pocket-maps, are printed on hand-presses at an expense at least .ten times greater than ordinary type-printing. The colors are put on by hand with brushes, and not printed, as some suppose. The drawing of maps is a study which has tested the ingenuity of several generations. How to make a spherical-surface on a superficial one—that is' the problem. On this subject it is proper to say that the map-drawers of to-day are working on the plans our fathers gave us, such as Mayer, Galileo and Mercator. Arrowmith of England and the Coltons of the United States have been the foremost map-men in English literature of the present century, and it is only a just tribute to them to ’ say that their maps will be preserved in the archives of their respective countries as the most faithful representations of their advancement in arts of civilization; albeit the field in the United States is too large for one man, or for a hundred, where towns are springing into existence with a rapidity hitherto unparalleled in the history of the world. To keep pace with all these, arid connect them with lines of railroad as fast as the Comings, and Vanderbilts, and Bcotts, and Thomsons, and a thousand others of like ambition build them is the * work of the restive map-publisher, who never sleeps without one eye open, and works in his harness till he dies. Men may engage in almost any other business and retire from it, but the man who has spent the best of bis Mfe In mapping the most progressive country on earth can hardly be lured from the attractions which lead him along with the current of commerce and the destiny of bis country.

A Perspicuous Opinion.

A singularly sagacious person in Belvidere, N.J., writes to me to ask whether the Cubans or Spaniards will be whipped in the present struggle in Cuba. He says he wants to know so that he “can decide a bet.” Ido not complain of the fatuity of this person. He cannot help it; he is in such a condition of intellectual chaos that be is unable to comprehand that the ppopbet Isaiah possessed qualities which have not been banded down to me. He simply yearns to have that bet decided, and when that is done he will be happy. I will try to decide it for him.

After a careful survey of the situation in Cuba, I feel certain that if victory-finally perches upon the banners of the Cubans the Spaniards will not bring the conflict to a successful conclusion, while if the Spaniards crush the enemy into the dust the Cubans can hardly be expected to reach such an i,ssue as will justify their indulgence in triumphant exultation. At the same time if the Cubans hould happen to acquire the supremacy and to exterminate the Castilian hordes completely, it is more than likely that the Spaniards will not achieve a permanent suppression of the rebellion. Of course in the event of the complete subjugation of the Cubans 'the efforts of Spain would be crowned with success*' and the rebels would probably not obtain the ascendency. But we cannot close our eyes to the unquestionable fact that the Cubans have but to vanquish their foes in order to surmount every obstacle to victory; while if this should be the case the Spaniards would hardly obtain the mastery as readily as if the contest should result in the subjugation of the Cubans. In either event the party that secured its object would be most likely to overpower its antagonists, while the party that suffered repulse would find the end to be disastrous. This is a view of the situation which ought to commend itself even to a thick-headed person in Bclvidere as being- definite and conclusive. If it does not settle that bet I do not know how it can be settled unless the disputants fight each other for the stakes. In that -event I advise the opponent of the man who wrote tome not to fire at his enemy's head unless he has a shot gun which doesn’t scatter,-and is warranted to send projectiles through a very dense substance.— Max Adder.

Rouge and Perspiration.

A lady correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette , writing from Washington during the recent warm spell, says: Rouge and perspiration have long been declared enemies. Think of the mortification of raising a delicate cambric mouchoir to absorb the moisture, and, upon removal, finding it (the mouchoir) covered with the blushes supposed to be virgin to the damask cheek! I stepped into a “ ladies’ fancy store” the other day, and while awaiting my turn to be served busied myself in looking about. Some curiously ornamental articles in pretty glass cases arrested my attention, and, -when opportunity offered, I- asked what they were for. The girl gazed at me incredulously for a moment, as did Charlie when, watching the maneuvers of Oliver Twist, he said, “ Oh. my eye, liow green! ” but perceiving that I was really an ignoramus in the matter opened one end of -the long, slender, dainty-looking box, and disclosed therein nestlings tiny ball of such exquisite pink that my eyes glistened instinctively in gazing upon it. At the opposite end was a corresponding ball of white, ana in the central compartment dark material for penciling the eyebrows and giving that languishing expression to the eyes by touching tin? lower eyelashes, and in another part still was a “crimson dye for robust lips.” “Do many people purchase these things?” said innocent I.

Again looking ■“ how green," she said: “ Scores of people you know and meet every -day of your life are constant consumers, and it’s funny enough to listen to their various excuses. One lady said her country friends had written in for a supply of toilet articles. They didn’t have such things in the country, but she did wish they wouldn’t ask her to execute such delicate commissions for them! All the time I could see the rouge on her face. Then a young lady said she had broken some rare ornament , (rouge-colored, of course), and could find nothing else suitable wherewith to mend it.

“ Why, Admiral Blank’s daughter rouges, although the girls declare she can’t, for they have seen her wash her face and rub it hard, and the color remained. But 1 will tell you the kind she uses,” said the girl, now becoming talkative ; and lifting a tiny gold-trimmed vial filled with luminous liquid she continued, “ This is rouge vinaigre. It is inserted under the skin in the'form of a hypodermic injection, and the slight wound concealed for the time being by a small piece of cqurt-plaster. “ You may rub the outside as much as you choose, but nothing will come off for your trouble. The vinaigre stains the skin a lovely, bright, healthy hue, rather too healthy for American girls, and will stay for w r eeks without renewal.” Is it not injurious?” I inquired. “ Well, it must be used carefully, and it is well not to experiment on yourself, but leave the injection to the skill of the experienced. Sometimes, if the blood is out of order, it causes tbe face or body to break out, but then it is not dangerous, only unpleasant in such a case.”

I walked away, feeling that I had learned something new, if not elevating, about some of my fellow-travelers. I thought of the women of Bible times against whose follies of mincing gaits, darkening under the eyes, and other absurdities of fashion the prophet uttered such anathemas, and wondered why, in endeavoring to be beautiful, the most hideous means were used to bring about such a result. I think the banged hair, turning a pretty woman into a biped Skye terrier, the bleached and dyed tresses, the painting and enameling, and general distortions of the period, ugly, unpardonable, ungraceful, and unlovable, and if I was a man I wouldn't marry a girl of such mons’rous bad taste.

Modern Surgery.

Life is not only saved or prolonged in thousands of instances every year through the agency 4 of modern surgical skill, but kow muelr'more tolerable and happy it has been rendered by the wonderful progress made in this branch of science. If misfortune overtakes us and we are brought under the surgeon's knife, it is only necessary !*o inhale the vapor of a few ounces of ether or chloroform, and we become oblivious to all suffering. Consciousness returns only to awaken joy that the duties of the" surgeon are ended. Surgical instruments and appliances are marvelous of artistic skill and ingenious invention. What with the ophthalmoscopes, stethoscopes, spectroscopes, curious mirtv>rs, etc., the human body in most of its pajls is brought quite within the field of vision, so that dark cavities and deeply-hidden organs are illuminated and forced to reveal to the eye the nature of morbid conditions. The future for scientific surgery, and also for medicine and chemistry, is full of promise. One difficulty after another will be surmounted in the years, to come, and perhaps there will remain ultimately but one great physical catastrophe which cannot be overcome by human skill, and that is death. —Bouton Journal of chemistry.

At Elmira, N. Y., ‘ recently, a young lady named Ruth Vanettan,' from Auburn, N. Y.’i was killed at Watkins’ Gltn; by falling down a precipice near the entrance. 'She lost her footing and slipped through between the lower rails of the railing and the ground. She fell a distance of ninety-five, feet and was almost literally dashed to pieces. She was with an excursion party from Auburn.

Gnua are scarce and proportionately precious in Lac qui Parle, Minn., there being only one gifl to eight boys in that unfortunate town.,.

HOME, FARM AND GARDEN.

—Agriculture is the. most useful, the most healthful, the most noble employment of man. —Advices from Northern Texas say the crops are very fine in that section, and travel to that State very heavy. —The sun direct upon the wood or fruit is not necessary to their perfect ripening. Yet the vine,'as a whole, should have the full and free benefit of sun and air. r —The grape loves a deep, mellow soil, which should be thoroughly pulverized. A dry subsoil is an absolute necessity; if this be a compact clay, retentive of moisture, the remedy is draining. —Never strike a colt when you are breaking him. Push him sideways or any way. Let him go just where he wall and bow be will. 1 Let him fall down if lie will, but don’t strike film. —One cow of a herd may be dear at twenty dollars, another cheap at S2OO. Different cows in the same herd, with same feed and treatment eyery way, often vary 100 per cent, in their profits. —ls every fanner and farmer’s son would plant one tree each every year, and every farmer’s wife and daughter cultivate half a dozen flowers each, how much brighter the country would be.

—The French in hot weather cover the milk cans with textile wrappers wet thoroughly* The evaporation keeps the milk cool, which can thus be transported long distances without serious deterioration. ’■ r . —A tablespoonful of Paris green dissolved in a pailful of water, applied with a syringe to the branches and foliage of the fruit tree, is said to effectually destroy the canker-worm and all other noxious Insects. :.'-A —Converting corn into fat is the most extensive and important branch of manufacturing carried bn in the United States. Even a slight improvement in the process would result in an immense aggregate gain. —Always manage to have the cow eating when she is being milked, and when thus occupied she lets down her milk freer and is less liable to kick or move about than w hen she can give her w'hole attention to the milker. —A fine polish for boots may be made as follows: Mix together two pints of the best vinegar and one pint of soft water; stir into it a quarter of a pound of glue, broken up, half rnpound of logwood chips, two ounces of green copperas, and an ounce of the best iSinglass. Put the mixture over the fire and let it boil for about ten minutes. After straining it bottle and cork it. When cold- it is-fit for use.——

—Flour Chocolate.—Put one teacup of flour in a small iron kettle and set it over the fire to scorch; stir it constantly to keep it from burning on to the sidas of the kettle. When the flour is of a dark .brown color pour boiling water over it, say two quarts or more, if the drink should be more desirable to be thin. Let the whole boil up a few minutes. Add pint of sweet milk, and sugar to suit the taste. Use for drink the sam* as coffee

—Cheese Fritters.—Put about-a of water into a saucepan with a piece of butter the size of an egg, “ the least bit” of cayenne, and .plenty of black pepper. W’hen the water boils throw into it sufficient flour to form a thick paste ; then take it ofl the fire and work into it about a quarter of a pound of grated Parmesan cheese and the yolks of three or four eggs and the whites of two beaten up to a froth. Let the paste rest for a couple of hours and then proceed to fry by dropping pieces of it the size of a walnut into plenty of hot lard. Serve sprinkled with very fine salt.

Plowing Orehards Shallow.

If the land is plowed near large fruit trees the plow' should be adjusted to run only a few inches deep. The most plausible argument that can be advanced against the practice of plowing the ground around fruit trees df any kind is the fact that every tree will send out a system of coronal roots just beneath the surface of the soil, which will again throw out branch rootlets in a horizontal direction, all of which will continue to multiply until the entire surface of the ground is completely occupied with open mouths-of hungry rootlets, ready to drink in the first supply of nourishment that is dissolved by the falling showers. It is as much a legitimate habit of a fruit treo to provide a close network of roots near the surface of the ground as it is to send other roots downward igto the earth. Every fruit tree, most deciduous ornamental and timber trees, as well as evergreens of all kinds, when growing on dry upland, will send down a long tap-root, for the purpose of reaching moisture to supply the growing branches during a dry period in the growing season. Let the tap-root be removed, and the tree will make but slow growth, because its habit has been interfered with. The same is true touching the upper system of coronal or secondary roots near the surface, of the ground. These are what are properly called the feeders of the parent stem. They should not be mutilated nor removed, as they usually are cut oft" and torn away by the plow'. All vegeta> ion should be kept down around fruit trees as far from the body as the extremity of the longest branches, by hoeing ttie surface over frequently or by the application of a few inches in depth of a mulch. Fruit trees may bear well when every coronal root has been removed with "the plow; but if those roots had not been removed the crop of fruit would have been more abundant.— Aw York Paper. ■ "V

Motive Power on the Farm.

Tnis question is largely governed by circumstances. Where there is much work and a large amount of power’employed the mule is the animal to use, as he can-be obtained cheaper, kept cheaper, and is much longer lived than either the horse or the ox; beside, lie is tougher, less liable to injury and disease, and has more work in him where endurance is the test. He is therefore the animal for the farm where economy is considered. Henrie, where farming is largely carried on the mule is not only the animal wanted, but he is by far the most profitable. ' ,1 - A horse team, if a good one, as it should be, will cost, say S3OO. It will last if properly used, say twenty yea;s. Divide the S3OO by twenty and we have sls yearly for wear. The interest of $300" is s2l per year. The keeping of team, grain S7O, hay $120; total, $226 per year. Deducting $26 for the manure, there will be left S2OO yearly expense for’a horse team.' A fhule cap be raised or purchased at a less cost —shall we say one-third less? —making the'wear but ssayear(reckoning the service forty years, double that of the horse), interest sl4; expense of feeding, say, grain SSO, other fodder SBO, in all amounting to $149 a year—'a difference annually of SSO, or one-fourth. And yet the same amount of work, if not more, is performed. This for one team, which in the course of a man’s average lifetime on the farm Will amount to a nice sum. Where a lar|je force is employed, the advantages of using mule power w ill show in large figures. , The question here comes up pertinently whether a horse or a mule team should be (employed where but-one is needed. There are those who take pride in a mule team, even for the carriage, and

■good, active mules make a fine appearance; The mule can be obtained active enough, docile, of a good disposition, aflectionate even, and intelligent. I see no reason why it should not be more preferred.. A good jnuie is more reliable than the horse, endures* more, recuperates sooner from fatigue and exhaustion, is less liable to hurts, is sure-footed, a good walker, patient, with other desira ble qualities. There are those tuat, through bad lineage and bad treatment, arc vicious. Some of thorn are “ bj-eachy,” . stubborn, diminutive, with other undesirable qualities. A bad mule and an inferior horse are not wanted on a farm.

There is a prejudice against the mule that is not entertained by tnosc who know the animal best. It is througn ignorance that this prejudice or repugnance exists, and it is at a loss to the farmer. What is clear is, that we need more of "these hybrids to do our work. The South and VVest are already supplied, and the North and East will find it for their interest to use this animal. My remarks have been made on the score of economy mostly. For show and readiness, but principally from ‘ association, the horse will be used by our Northern and Eastern farmers who are well to do and need but a single team to work their small farms; or if a heavier force is required, the favorite carriage team is not likely to be dispensed with or replaced by a pair of hybrids, even if rivals of the horses or superior to them in size, appearance and trustworthiness. The horse can never be wholly displaced. As to the ox team, it can haraly be said to be a competitor. THieapness is its recommendation. The yoke and chain are its harness. Its keep compares favorably with both the horse and mule; and so its original cost. It is handy, always in harness, always ready; and, if a good heavy pair, is fitted for heavy work, such as plowing sod (doing the work here of three ordinary horses), hauling heavy loads, etc. But its years of labor are comparatively few'. Its carcass, however, can be turned Off to advantage. But cattle, whether oxen, bulls or cows, will never supplant the mule or the horse. The little advantage they afford is exceptional.— Car. Country Gentleman.

Exceptional Foods.

Du. Payy, in his work on “Food and Dietetics,” devotes a chapter to the enumcration of the exceptional animal foods eaten in different parts of the globe. We learn from it that almost every creature living, however obnoxious, is, in some country or other, esteemed a dainty or a useful article of diet. Spiders are eaten by the Bushmen and inhabitants of New Caledonia. Grasshoppers are eaten by the Bushmen and Ute Indians. White ants are highly relished by the natives of Australia and the tribes along the banks of the Zonga. Bees are eaten by various peoples. The Moors of West Barbary consider the honeycomb filled with young bees a great delicacy. Several varieties of moths are in favor with the Australians; one species, called bugong, having large and unctuous bodies, is preferred by them to any other article of food. Caterpillars were eaten by the ancient Romans, and are still in favor with the South Africans. Grubs of all kinds arc devoured by the Australians: The chrysalis of the silkworm is food for the Chinese.

Locusts are eaten in great quantities, both fresh and salted, by the Persians, Egyptians, Arabians, Bushmen, North American Indians and others. They have a strong vegetable taste —the flavor varying with the plants on which they feed. Dr. Livingstone thought them palatable when roasted. Diodorus Siculus and Ludolphus refer to a race of people in Ethiopia who subsisted on locusts. Ludolphus remarks: "For it is a very sweet and wholesome sort- of diet, by means of which a certain Portuguese garrison in India that was ready to yield for want of provision held out until it was relieved another way.” Madden states in his “ Travels”: “ The" Arabs make a sort of bread of locusts. They dry them and grind them to powder, then mix this powder with water, forming them into round cakes which serve for bread.” Snails in Europe and slugs in China have a reputation as delicate articles of nutriment. Lizards, snakes, frogs, dogs, cats, mice and birds’-nests are eaten by the Chinese. Toads are eaten by the South Africans, and -a large frog called matta-metto, w'hich when cooked looks like a chicken. Sea-urchins are much sought after as food in different parts of Europe, and sea-cu-cumbers are eaten by the inhabitants of China and the South-Sea Islands. A tribe of Ottomacs on the Rio Negro subsist principally during the rainy season upon, a fat, unctuous clay found in their district. The Japanese also eat this clay, made into thin cakes, called tahaampo. Ehrenberg found that the clay consisted chiefly of the remains of freshwater animals and plants of microscopic size. A kind of earth known as breadmeal is still largely eaten in Northern Europe: and a similar substance called mountain-meal used in Northern Germany in times of famine. Various tribes of Africa eat clay in the intervals between their meals, preferring that which is taken from ant-hills. The inhabitants of various countries are addicted to the use of clay— of Australia being notoriously so.

The Onion Maggot.

The maggot is the onion-grower’s worst foe, and those who endeavor to crush the power of an enemy before it becomes troublesome are wiser than those who endeavor to put a stop to its progress after it has become formidable. It is generally admitted that the maggot is the onion sty in its larval state, or in its first stage after leaving the egg. It is in this stage of its existence, and no other, that it can be styled an insect injurious to vegetation; and if we can destroy the eggs, or prevent their being deposited in the onion fields, we are at once rid of the, enemy. Having noticed some of the habits of the onion fly, I am inclined to the opinion that they select, as far as possible, partially decomposed onion tops in which to deposit their eggs. When onion tops and scullions are allowed to decay upon the surface of the ground, in process, of time they become a natural breeding bed and attract flies from the surrounding country in larger numbers than can be accommodated by those beds. They next attack the weakettplants, and sometimes those which are making a strong, luxuriant growth, to puncture and deposit tlieir eggs in the stalk. If the tveather is wTtrm these eggs hatch in a few days, and the maggots commence their depredations upon the crop. It has been my own practice to carefully turn under all refuse matter upon the onion field late in the autumn, dress liberally with well-fined manure, leaving it upon the surface exposed to the ameliorating influence of the winter’s frost and the drenching rains of springtime; sow early in thoroughly pulverized ground, and attend carefully to the afterculture. With this treatment the crop usually gets an early'start, makes a vigorous growth, and is able to withstand all attacks of the enemy or changes in the weather. I thihk damage by the maggot in this vicinity wohld not amount to 5 per cent, of the crop in the most unfavorable years.— Cor. If etc England Farmer.

Scarlet ♦•ever is prevalent among Children in the vicinity of Waukegan, 111.

“ Mr dear,” Raid a wife, looking up from her newspaper, “ what is the difference between ‘ collusion’ and ‘ collision’?” “ Oh,” .responded the husband, “it is simply the difference between u and t.” “ Oh, yes,” retorted the wife, “ and the same difference exists in your answer, which is more ingenious than ingenuous.”

A Pennsylvania paper says that “ milk from four Crawford County cows made 225 pounds of butter in a week." Over fifty-six pounds'of butter to a c6w. Such a flight of fancy must have been arrived at by gazing into the “ milky way.”

Planos and Organs in Chicago

have been sold ever since the panic at a-very great reduction in prices. Reed’s Temple of Music is recommended as The largest in the city and very reliable to deal with. They axe at ito. 92 Van Buren st.

• The latest joke about “Tapper's Proverbial Philosophy” is that it has been dramatized by Mr. Dion Boucicault for the Queen’s Theater. A monograph upon the wonderful work, containing all that has been said and written about it would be an entertaining volume.

Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription

is very strongly recommended by the Medical Faculty, and is largely prescribed among their Female Patients. It is worthy of all confidence, as may be sefeit from the following testimonials: I)r. G. B. Chapman, Portsmouth, Neb., writes: “ I have under treatment a lady who for tlie past seven years has been afflicted, and, after trying several physicians without receiving benefit,, ix naming' rapidly on your Favorite PrexiTiption." Atlanta. 111.. ,Tu!v M, 1872. Dr. R.'V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. T.: Dear ■Sit —I have not words to express my gratitude to von for your advice tyitf assistance in my case. There is notone who has used your medicines since they have been brought here but that can say with me they have been greatly benefited. Since I have been so helped by its use, six or seven around me left off ail doctors and other medicines, and now use it in their families, after being cured of the same disease as mine. You do not know what a wonder it created in our city by its restoring my sister I wrote you about, for slie f , bad been under the care of three of our best doctors, but could not sit up but for a few minutes atone time. I begged of lier to try vour-medicine, and before sire had used half the bottles she could go all around the yard, and has now just come home from a visit five mites away. Mrs. Titos. McFarland. From_Misa_LojuN.nA_E.-ST. Ci.air, Shade, - Athens Co., Ohio, Oct, 14, 1872: “Dr. K. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.: Your Favorite Prescription is working almost like a miracle on me. lam better already than I have been fur. uyer two years.”— u — From Ella A. Schafer, Zanesville, Ind., Aug. 3, 1872: “Dr. Pierce: I received tile medicine you sent me, and began using it immediately. ‘ As a result of the treatment 1 feel better than 1 have for three years.” From Mrs. John K. Hamlin, Odell, 111., March 1!), 1872: “Dr. Pierce: The Favorite Prescription has done me good, which I am very thankful for.” Favorite Prescription is sold by nil Druggists. Dr. Pierce’s Treatise on Chronic Diseases of Women will Ilc sent to any address on receipt of two stamps.

Editorial notices are so common that it is almost impossible for an editor to express liis honest opinion of the merits of anyarticle without being suspected of interested motives. This fact, however, shall not deter us from saying what we think of a new addition to the Materia Medica to which our attention has been recently directed. We refer to Du. J. Walker’s California Vinegar Bitters, a remedy which is making its way into more families just now than all the other advertised medicines put together. Its popularity, as far as we can judge, is not based on empty pretension- There seems to be no question about' the potency of its tonic and alterative properties, while it possesses the great negative recommendation of containing neither alcohol nor mineral poison. That it is a specific for Indigestion, Biliousness, Constipation and many complaints of nervous origin we have reason to know; and we are assured on good authority that as a general invigorant, regulating and purifying medicine it has no equal. It is stated that its ingredients (obtained from the wilds of California) are new to the medical world; and its extraordinary effects certainly warrant the conclusion that it is a compound of agents hitherto unknown. If popularity is any criterion, there can be no doubt of the efficiency of the Vinegar Bitters, for the sale of the article is immense and continually increasing.

Every man in buying n paper collar wants to get as near an imitation of linen as possible. The only collars that look like linen are the Elmwood and Warwick. This is not only in the folded edges but in the finish.

The Northwestern Horse Nail Co.’s ‘Finished” .Nail is the best in the world.

The Ladle*’ Sorosls Club, of New York, recently changed their discussions from Woman's suffrage to Hair Preparations and Pimple Banishers. They declared that where nature had not endowed them with beanty. It was their right—yea, their duty—to seek It where they could. So they all voted that Magnolia Balm overcame Sallowness, Rough Skin and lllngmarks, and gave to the complexion a most distingue (Sorosian) and lnrrble-llkc appearance (dangerous to men, no donbt); and that Lion's Kathalron made the hair grow thick, soft and awful pretty, and moreover prevented It from turning gray. If the pro prletors of these articles did not send the sisters an In. Voice, they are not smart.

Not Quite So Fast, Mr. Jones I— A horsedoctor in PUUadelphia was caught changing the celebrated Mexican Mustang Liniment into other bottles and using it as his own recipe. Honesty Is always the best policy. These medicine men like to follow up such fellows. It cured the lame liorscfill the same j hut It damaged the Doctor’s reputation, and benefited the proprietor in proportion. We have heard of so many Rheumatic persons and lame horses being cured by the Mustang Liniment that vc advise every housekeeper, liveryman aud planter to Invest in a 50-ct. or a SI.OO bottle, against accident. Beware of counterfeits. It is wrapped in a steel engraving, signed “G. W. Westbrook, Chemist.”

le Grand Revolution in Medicai4Tbeatvent, which was Commenced In 1860, >ls still In progress. Nogilngcan stop it, for It is founded on the principle, now universally acknowledged, that physical vigor Is the most formidable antagouist of all human ailments, and experience has shown that Plantation llittkrs is a peerless well as the best possible safeguard against epidemic diseases. Thirty Years’ Experience of an Old ' Nurse.

Mbs. Winslow’* Sootoino Stepp Is the prescription of one of the beat Female Physicians and Nurses In the United States, and has been used for thirty years with never-falling safety and success by mill-, ions of mothers and children, from the feeble Infant' of one week old to the adult. It corrects acidity ol the stomach, relieves wind colic, Pcgulates the bowels, and gives rest, health, and comfort to mother and child. We believe it to be the Best and Surest Remedy In the World In all cases of DYSENTERY and DIARRHCEA IN CHILDREN, whether It arises from Teething or from any other cause. Full directions for using will accompany each bottle. None Genuine anless the fac-slmile of CURTIS & FEK&INS la on the outside wrapper. Sold by all Medicine Dealsbs. /

Children Often Look Pule and Sick From no other cause than having worms In the atom sch. BROWN’S VERMIFUGE COMFITS will destroy Worms without Injury to the child, being perfectly white, and free from all coloring or other Injuriona Ingredients usually used in worm prepare tloni, • * CDGTIS & BROWN, Proprietors, No. 215 Fulton street. New Y ork. Sold by Druggists and Chemists, and Dealers n Medicines, at Twkvtt fivb Cents a Box. XT Asthva <Sn be cured. See Hurst's advertisement.

Wiliioet’s Anti-Periodic or Fever and Ague Tonic. — This invaluable and standard family medicine is now a household word and maintains its reputation unimpaired. It is indorsed by the medical profession, and prescribed daily in the Charity Hospital and other Hospitals in New Orleans. vVilhoft’s Tonic is thus highly recommended by the leading medical men of the country, and is worthy of such indorsement. Wheelock, Finlay & Co., Proprietors, New Orleans. For sale by all Druggists.

Why Will You Suffer I To all persona suffering from Rheumatism, ‘Neuralgia, Cramps m the limbs or stomach, Billons Colic, Pain in tlio back, bowels or side, wo would say Tna Household Panacea and Family Liniment Is of all others the remedy you want lor Internal and external use. It lias cured the above complaints in thousands of cases. T lere Is no mistake about K. Try it Sold by all Druggists.

HOUSEHOLD PANACEA AND FAMILY LINIMENT. HOUSEHOLD PANACEA AND FAMILY LINIMENT.

WATCRS’ CONCERTO ORBANS are the moat beautiful in style and perfect in tone ever made. The CONCERTO STOP is the beet ever placed in any organ. It is produced by an extra set of reeds, peculiarly voiced, the EFFECT of which is MOST CHARMING and SOUL-STIttUI % G, while its IMITATION Of the HUMAN VOICE i* SUPERB. Terms liberal. WATERS’ Philharmonic, Vesper and Orchestral ORGANS. in Unique French Cases, are among the best made, and combine PURITY of VOICING with great volume qf tone. Suitable for PARLorIcHUIICH or MUSIC HAUL.. WATERS’ New Scale PIANOS have great power and a tine singing tone I M’«A all modern improvements, and are the BEST PI A NOS MADE. These Organs and Pianos P yea™* PRICES EXTREIIEI.Y LOW for cash, or part cash and balance tin monthly or quarterly payments. Second-hand Instruments taken in exchange. AGENTS WANTEpfti every County in theV.JS. and Canada. A liberal discount to Teachers.Miniate a. Churches , Schools. Lodges, etc. ILLUSTRA TED CATALOGUES mailed, M , HORAC E WATERS & SON, 481 Broadway,New York. P. O. 80x3367.

Your druggist can fur* BA MACjg nish yon with this Ague AJUL wsJCJ Medicine and a box of This REM- PILLS EDY is sold P AVAT) all for bythepropri- JL O H OJL On. Dollar, etors with a warrant g|i| q that it will Core Ague, I ATI A Or the Money Refunded. JL JAB *1 « You risk nothing by trying it, even il it fails. Kress Manufacturing 00., Cincinnati, 0. SMEESM Remittent Fever,* is found in Kress Fever I*ll tJ || ,, Tonio. It contains no poisI I I I la flionouk ingredient, and cures V/ W AUJjAgne by canceling the Ague Poison in the BLOOD and ejecting it from the system. Box of Pills with each bottle —(,'TTKES GUARANTEED by Kress Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati, O.

RICH FARMING LANDS IN NEBRASKA. Now For Sale Very Cheap. Ten Tears’ Credit, Interest Only 0 Per Cent. • Send for “ The Pioneer," A handsome Illustrated paper, containing the Homestead Law, a SEW NUMBER just published, mulled kee to all parts of the world. Address Q. F. DAVIS, Land Commissioner e. P. It. R., Omaha, Neu.

A HonHltold WItIIuUtTIBHANt'sSKLTZB, Ap. bi ext within reach lacks an important safeguard of health and life. A few dose* of this standard remedy for Indigestion, constipation and biliousness relieve every distressing symptom .and prevent dangerous consequences. For sale by the entire drug trade. asthmaT MfjlpSmjLf ililiUk Relief Iu ten minutes. /iaSirV tlliiifl 11mm 4< 1 u "- ( * y Qur Aathma specific. jip I I'® an< * 1 trelievt.nl me at once. Ills In nvist excellent end valuable W For sate by Dnigglsta! |l per TRiAL 11 PACKACE FREE. «DDBMB FOR FR>CE-U*Tj. RK.DCOERICK aco _ (t\ ALBANY. N.Y. per hour. AGENTS WAWTBD FOR Prof. FOWLER’S GREAT WORK On Manhood, Womanhood, and their Mutual Inter* Relations; Lore. Its Laws, Power, etc. Agents are selling from 15 to 25 conies a day. Send for specimen pages and terms to Agcnis, and see why itscnsfasterllianany other book. Address NATIONAL 1 ÜBLISIIIN G CO., Chicago, 111., or St. Louis, Mo.

OUR aloguefor 1874wi1l be sent free to Agents on application. new 31A PS, CHARTS, CHIiOMOS, nl t W ETC. Our NEW MAPS of INDIANA, ILLINOIS. OHIO null MICHIGAN, are the best and cheapest published. m m _ it. c. DRinr.nA*, ——— vA I a Barclay Street, New York. NEW STYLE OF MAPS) Maps of the United States so arranged ns to give ? the. purchaser a map of any Of the Yv estern States lie may wish to accompany it on the same sheet. Its neatness and originality of style'rendcr it a marked success. Terms made known to'Agents wishing to sell it by addressing XUJPUS BLANCHARD, 13J4 Clark Street, Cliicago.

The Life PVVn2|WIf2VSYITVTfT3aI and f Services oflullAittljalLJLlMlffllalfl By C. Edwards Lester. This work has been Rome years in preparation, moat of the matter having been furnished by Mr. Sumner himself. Contains 600 pages, an elegant steel portrait and numerous lln-tratlons. Is now ready for immediate delivery. AGENTS WANTED in every town. Sold only by subscription. OSGOOD & Ctf, 4 South Clark St., Chicago, 111. W.H. NICOLS & COi *V., manuf’r£j and dealers in Needles, Tuckers, and attachmentafor all double-thread Sewing Machines. Sainplo dox. needles serft to any postoffice address on receipt of 50 cts.

INSTANT MELIKS' and SCTMRS A Radical Cure for tho 8 hi 6#l H Immediate relief guaranteed by using my Asthma rem edy. Isuffercdl2ycars,.notlylug flown for weeks ata time,but am now entirely cubed. Sent by mai 1 on receipt ot price, ®1 per box. Ask your Druggist for it. CHAS. B- HURST, Rochester, Beaver Co., Pa llennsi Ivanin Military Aendriiiy* Chester. 1 I’a. Opens Wednesday, Sept, 9th. Course of Stndt- s, extensive Civil and Mechanical Engineering. The Classics arid English thoroughly taught. For circulars apply to Col. THEO. lIVATT, President. *&Wm sßßAir^r* F.ight Departments. Cummerrh»l College attached. Fall term opens Sept. 1. For Catalogue, address Rev. C. E. MANDEVILLE, A. M., Principal. Eleventh Annual Report sent gratis to all applicants. Next year begius August 2<. For information address . W. S. CLARK, President, AMHERST, MASS. M M f- V KasilY made by selling TEAS at IWI UIIL I IMPORTERS’ PRICES or getting up Clubs in Tinvns and Country for the oldest Tea Co. In America. Greatest inducements. Send foreircular. CANTOS TEA CO., 1 148 Chambers street, N. Y. IiIUY Send 25 costs and the addreaa of five nerWn I sons and receive by mail,a Beautiful Cnromo, size 7by 9—worth *l.so—and full In* iiat atructions to clear S2O a clay. Address 1 nlll Plumb & Co., 106 South Bth-St., Phil*a Fa. To Millers and Engine Owners. To nearly double-yourateampower and save fuel tlso, address J. Y. T ADLAN T, Burlington, lowa. ft. w . aaa per day at home. Terms Free. Address tpO h 3WU übo. Stinson & Co., Portland, Malice. YfONKY Mak n« Fniplaynjent. Beit ever iIL offered. Addrea* M. N. LOVELL, EriefPa.

11l Mkmmk l)r. J. Walker’s California Viaegar Bitters are a purely Vegetable pi eparation, made chiefly from the native horbs found on the lower ranges of the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, the medicinal properties of which are extracted therefrom without the use of. Alcohol. The question is almost daily asked, “What is the cause of the unparalleled success of Vinegar BrcTERsf” Our answer is, that they remove the cause of disease, and the patient recovers his health. They are the great blood purifier and a life-giving principle, a perfect Renovator and Invigorator of the system. Never before in the history of the world has a medicine boea compounded possessing the remarkable qualities of Vinegar Bitters in healing the sick of every disease man is heir to. They are a gentle Purgative as well as a Tonio, relieving Congestion .or Inflammation of the Liver and Visceral Organs, in Bilious Diseases. The properties of Dr. Walker’s Vinegar Bitters are Aporiont, Diaphoretic, Carminative, Nutritious, Laxative, Diuretic* Sedative, Counter-Irritant, Sudorific, Alterafive, and Anti-Bilious. Grateful Thousands proclaim Vinegar Bitters the most wonderful Invigorant that ever sustained the sinking system. No Person can take theseßittors according to directions, and remain long unwell, provided their bones aro not destroyed by mineral poison or other mean, and vital Organs wasted beyond rejiK.r. Bilious. Remittent and Intermittent Fevers, which are so prevalent in the valleys of our great rivers throughout’the United States, especially those of the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, Tennessee, Cumberland, Arkansas, Bed, Colorado, Brazos, llio Grande, Pearl, Alabama, Mobile, Savannah, Roanoko, James, and many others, with their vast tributaries, throughout our entire country during the Summer and Autumn, and remarkably so during seasous of unusual heat and dryness, aro invariably accompanied by extensive derangements of the stomach and liver, and other abdominal viscera In their treatment, a purgative, exerting a powerful influence upon thesu various organs, is essentially necessary. There is no cathartic for the purpose cqunl to Dr. J. Walker’s Vinegar Ritters, as they will speedily remove the darkcolored viscid matter with which tlio bowels are loaded, at the same time stimulating the secretions of tlio liver, and generally restoring tho healthy functions of tho digestive organs. Fortify the body against disease by purifying all its fluids with Vinegar Bitters. No epidemic can take hold of a system thus fore armed. Dyspepsia or Indigestion, Beadache, Pain in the Shoulders,’ Coughs, Tightness of tho Chest, Dizziness, Sour Eructations,of the Stomach, Bad Tasto in the Mouth, Bilious Attacks, Palpitatation of tho Heart, Inflammation of tho Lungs, Pain in tho region of the Kidneys, and a hundred other painful symptoms, are the offsprings of Dyspepsia. One bottle will prove a betterguarantco of its merits than a lengthy advertisement. Scrofula, or King’s Evil, White Swellings, Ulcers,Erysipelas, Swelled Neck, Goitre, Scrofulous InflainmaU)u:. Indolent Inflammations, Mercurial Affccb.ms, Old Sores, Eruptions of the Skin, Sore Eves, etc. In these, as in all other constitution;) Diseases, Walker’s Vinegar Bitters cavo shown their great curative powers in the most obstinate and intractable cases. For Inllammatory and Chronic Rheumatism, Gout, Bilious, Remittent and Intermittent Fevers, Diseases of the Blood, Liver, Kidneys and Bladder, these Bitters have no equal. Such Diseas os are caused by Vitiated Blood. Mechanical Diseases.— Persons engaged in Paints and Minerals, suck as Plumbers, Type-setters, Gold-beaters, and Miners, as they advance in life, are subject, to paralysis of the Bowels. To guard against this, take a dose of Walker’s Vinegar Bitters occasionally. For Skin Diseases, Eruptions, Tetter, Salt-Rheum, Blotches, Spots, Pimples, Pustules, Boils, Carbuncles, Ring worms, .Scald-head, Sore Eyes,- .Erysipelas, Itch, Scurfs, Discolorations of the Skin, Humors and Diseases of tho Skin of whatever name or nature, are literally dug up and carried out of the system in a short time by the use of these Bitters. Pin, Tape, and other Worms, lurking in tho system of so many thousands, are efl'eotually destroyed and removed. No system of medicine, no vermifuges, no anthelminitics will free the system from worms like these Bitters. For Female Complaints, in young or old, married or single, at the dawn of womanhood, or the turn of life, theso Tonio Bitters display so decided an influence that improvement ie soon perceptible. Cleanse the Vitiated Blood whenever you find its impurities bursting through the skin in Pimples, Eruptions, or Soros; cleanse it when you find it obstructed and sluggish in the veins; cleanse it when it is fonlyour feelings will tell you when. Keop the blood pure, and the health of tho system will follow. r. H.. McDonald & co., Druggists and Gen. Agts., San Francisco, California, and cor. of Washington and Charlton St*.. N. Y. Sold by nil Druggists *'ud Dealer*.

Hachin^CsapM^ For isythisg wutrt la tbs Machinery line, tllreii them ft HAMILTON, OHIO, or ST. LOUIS, MO. Inquirers please mention where they saw this. SO?, I-F.51 DAT Commission or «30 a week Sa> .Zt) ary, a,id expenses. W e offer It and will pay ’■♦wl-nnw. ri- XVVHI*/*?* Co.. •’ * r >' '■ d: A GRISTS WANTED, Men or Women Pj i A week or *IOO forfeited. The Secret Free. Write at once to COWEN & CO-. Eighth street. New York. AN. K- 407-F X~ THIS PAPER'Is printed wlVd INK ■-n«£ u! *Sf ar «l by G. B. KANE * CO., l’it Dearboyn SL.cmcage For sale b A N KafcLOM 9 T Jnotion set., Chicago