Rensselaer Union, Volume 6, Number 42, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 9 July 1874 — Page 4

The Granary of the World.

Glancing at the man, with the navigable waters of the Mississippi Valley, over 16,000 miles in extent, before us, ‘constituting the farm, the granary of the world, we arc reminded that, from the standpoint of a century, there was a wide expanse of trackless wilderness behind the narrow fringe of white settlements which bordered the Atlantic—that the thirteen colonies have swelled into thirty-seven States and Ten ritories, and capitals which may vie with many of the Old World now dot the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Among the grand results of the system of small proprietary interests founded by the lathers —that policy which favored the appropriation of the public lands by actual settlers in small tracts, in consideration of a nominal sum of money—has been the erection of an empire 'which may properly be termed the region of cereals, embracing the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, on the east of the Mississippi River; and Missouri, lowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska and the Territory of Dakota on the West. This vast region, in extent, surpasses the united area of the British Islands, France, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland and Italy, embracing74g,372 square miles. The region of cereals embraces 751,736 square miles, or 481,106,908 acres, of which 327,789,788 acres lie on the west side of the Mississippi River. The total population of this region is, in round numbers, 14,000,000. nearly 10,000,000 of which are on the east side of the great river. Compared with the same extent of territory in the most thickly-settled portions of Europe, the cereal region is capable of accommodating a population of at least 150,000,000 souls. Within the limits of Ohio our publicland system was inaugurated. Only a few isolated tracts now remain at the disposal of the General Government. The present value of the farms of Ohio is $1,054,000,000; the value of the farm implements and machinery is $25,692,000, and the live stock is worth $150,000,000. Public lands have disappeared from Indiana, and the value of the farming utensils. etc., of that State has reached $lB,000,COO, and the cash value of the farms is estimated at $230,000,000. The results of a progress of little more than half a century are summed up in a true gold value of $1,800,000,000. The cash value of the farms of Illinois is placed at $920,506,346, and of agricultural tools and machinery, $35,000,000. The climate of Illinois presents a variety of temperature, while its natural communications embrace a lake and river navigation of nearly 2,000 miles. The commerce of the State has reached magnificent proportions. Its railroad tonnage is worth at least $1,500,000,000, and its leading city, Chicago, exports annually 100,000,000 bushels of grain. Michigan’s farms are valued at $398,240,578, and its farm implements and machinery, $13,711,979. Less"- than onefourth of the State is still occupied by farms, and less than one-eighth has been brought under cultivation. In addition to its cereal crop, the wool, lumber, and ore of Michigan reach a handsome figure. Commercially, the State has 1,400 miles of lake navigation along its shores, and a water communication with the Atlantic, thus having access to a vast internal trade. Michigan has still many acres of public land, as also has Wisconsin, whose public lands originally embraced 34.511.360 acres. Only one-seventh of the whole area of the State is now under cultivation. Missouri reveals to the agriculturist regions of the greatest fertility, while to the miner a wide range of mineral products is accessible. Less than 1,000.000 acres of public lands remain to be disposed of. lowa is a phenomenon among the new States west of the Missis- ~ sippi, and one of the leading m the cereal region. The cash value of its farms, embracing 20.000.000 acres, is placed at $393,000,000. The State possesses greater natural advantages for crop-raising than Minnesota. Its wheat is said to be the choicest raised in the cereal region, and commands the highest price at Chicago, and the flour uiade from it is worth more than any other flour in the New York or Boston nr‘W. Minnesota has just entered upon rne second era of its glorious existence. Kansas is also a phenomenal State, and is destined to become an empire. That portion of it which was once called the “ Great American Desert’’ has become one of the most productive regions of the great West. Nebraska, although in its infancy, is a young giant. The grazing region of the State comprises 23.000.000 acres; Dakota has yet over 70.000,000 acres undisposed of, and so rapidly has imigration passed into the Territory that the public surveys have failed to keep pace with the advancing column of settlers. A glance at the characteristics of the States embracing the great cereal region of America will show vast geographical and social differences, strengthened by variety and rivalry, but all blended, balanced and unified, each State exerting an influence peculiar to itself, but a fraternal sentiment permeating all. The ten States enumerated, planted over an area exceeding 750,000 square miles, present to our view the magic creations of pioneer energy inclosed within a perennial frame, nor is that pioneer energy yet crushed or emasculated. The official statistics pertaining to the cereal region present brilliant problems for the study of progressive statisticians. The following figures, obtained from official sources, will show the grain production of the cereal region un(ler ordinary conditions. Of course, the volume of production can be increased to an almost indefinite extent. We give the bushels of wheat, corn and oats raised in 1872: states. Wheat. i Corn, j Oats. lowa 32,437.836'141,744.522; 22,113.013 Kansas 2,479,415) 18,069.081; 4.143,739 Nebraska 226.697 4.738.789, 1.495.310 Illinois 30,972.504 143.741,468 48,053.535 Minnesota. 21.807,0891 5.247.188 10,169,567 Indiana 22,149,527 81.185.485 11.434.628 Michigan 16.265.773 14.086.238 l 8.954.466 Missouri 14.297.853 66.094.112 16.602,825 Wisconsin 25.766,915 15,272.027 20.157,737 Ohio 18.087,664 100,779,107 25,825,742 . Total 184,421,273 591,160,017 169,950,562 Here, then, we have a grand total product of over 900,000,000 bushels of wheat, com and oats produced in ten States alone of the Union. It will be noticed that lowa, although one of the youngest Commonwealths of the cereal region, surpasses Illinois in the production of wheat; but Illinois produced, in 1872, more com and oats than either of the other States. The rivalry between Illinois and lowa is now very sharp and close, and the latter will, no doubt, in a few years, leave its sister on the other side of the river in the rear. Ohio raised over 600,000,000 bushels of com; but Wisconsin, Indiana, Minnesota and Illinois beat her in wheat production for reasons that are obvious. The large relative increase of the pereal production in the States west of the Mississippi River Is significant and suggestive. With the westward movement of the “ star of empire’’ the active force of progress, adjusting itself to the geographical colonies. is now at work toward the center of the continent, moving in the pathway of the commercial activity and industry of American civilization. The value of the farms in the States composing the cereal region in 1870 was M follow*: lows, $392,662,441; Kao aas $30,242,186; Dli44*, Indiana, $034384,189; Michigan, ♦808,240,578; Wisconsin, $300,414,064;

Missouri, $392,908,047; Ohio, $1,054,465,226. Grand total value of the farms, $4,312,417,459. The value of the farms in the entire United States" in 1872 was $9,262,803,861. It will be •seen that the- farms in the cereal region constitute fully one-half the value of the entire farm property in the country. The value of the farming implements and machinery in the cereal region is estimated at $160,000,000, or about onehalf that of the remaining States and Territories. The increase of th< value of the farms in the cereal region in ten years has been at the rate of 40 per cent, and in some special instances 60 per :ent. Comparing the yield of wheat, corn and oats of the cereal region in 1872 with the total yield of the same grains in all the States and Territories in 1860. it will be found that the excess of the latter was only about 350,000,000 bushels. This fact alone is sufficient to entitle the ten States which we have been considering to the claim of being the “granary, the farm, the garden of the world.” The great cereal region of America embodies the very paragon of geographical advantages; and, what with its rare economy in structure, climate, interoccanic convenience, etc., we dare not predict what it may become, commercially, socially, and politically, two decades hence. — Appleton's Journal.

Chinese Ideas About Death.

The Chinese are almost indifferent to the phenomenon of dissolution, and frequently compass their own end when life becomes wearisome. A wife sometimes elects to follow her husband on the starlit road of death; and parents will destroy their offspring in times of famine and great distress rather than allow them to suffer. Still more remarkable is the custom of selling their lives in order that they may purchase the superior advantage of obsequies, which are considered to insure the body in safety for the future resurrection. A wealthy man condemned to death will arrange with his jailer to buy him a substitute for a .certain sum of money, to be spent upon the poor wretch's interment and preservation of his body. Should he have parents, so much is usually pqid to them in compensation for their son’s life. Chinamen invariably help to support their parents; filial respect and devotion is the great Chinese virtue and religious precept, in w’hich they rarely fail. Regarding death as inevitable, he makes the best of a bad bargain, and cunningly and comically gets paid for dying. The wholesale destruction of life in tiffs country is greatly the result of indifference. Hence the massacre of Europeans, so terrible to us, seems to them a matter of little moment, and they cannot comprehend why we should make a fuss about it. They regard our indignant protestation very much as we might treat our irate neighbor whose dog we had shot. “ Well, well, be pacified; if it was such a favorite, lam sorry; but it is only a dog, and there are plenty more. How much do you want to be paid for it?” “You English think so much of a life,” argues the Chinese; “ have you not plenty of people at home?”. Death in China • is awarded as the punishment for the most trivial offenses, and frequently for none at all, except being in somebody’s way. A story was told to me as a fact that, during the visit of one of our royal princes, a theft was committed of a watch or chain belonging to the royal guest. The unfortunate attendant was caught with the- property upon him, and, without further ceremony, liis head was chopped off. The mandarin in attendance immediately announced the tidings to the Prince as a delicate attention, showing how devoted he was in his service. To his astonishment the Prince expressed his great regret that the man's head had been taken off “ Your Highness,” cried the obsequious mandarin, bowing to the ground, “it shall immediately be put on again!” .-o little did he under tand that the regret was for the life taken and not the severed head. In times of insurrection or famine the mowing down of human life like corn-stalks at harvest time is appalling to Eilropean ideas. I must confess to a nervous shuddering when I stood upon the execution ground at Canton—a narrow lane or Potter’s field—where so many hundreds had been butchered per diem during weeks together, the executioner requiring the aid of two smiths to sharpen- his swords, for many of the wretched victims were not allowed to be destroyed at one fell; swoop, but- sentenced to be “hacked to pieces” by twenty 4p fifty blows. I was informed by a European who had traveled much and seen most of the frightful side- of life, that witnessing Chinese executions was more than his iron nerves could stand; and in some of the detail- which he was narrating I was obliged to beg him to desist. And yet he said there was nothing solemn about it, and the spectators looked on amused. ..It was the horrible and grotesque combined.—Temple Bar.

The Massacre of Chinese Christians.

The French periodical, Mission# Cafholiquet, gives an authentic and detailed narrative of the recent massacre of Roman Catholic native converts in China. The account, as translated for the London Tablet, relates that the massacre broke out on the 25th of February, when the “ literates,” as the persecuting party is called, opened the campaign by beheading two men in the service of Pere Deare and a Christian, whom they then threw into the river. The same day they burned the three villages of Trun-Lam, Nio-Vinh and Bau Tach, and massacred the inhabitants in them. Those who succeeded in escaping to the woods were hunted down with hounds, brought back, and killed on the following days. The river -was Covered over with bodies floating down it from the side of Lareg. At that time the murderers were massacring the Christians of the parish of Holven, and were burning their villages. Those who took refuge in the cliffs of the neighborhood were hunted down and burnt alive. The Grand Mandarin of Justice was at the market of Sa-Nam with 800 soldiers, but remained an inactive spectator of the massacre of the Christians of NamDuong, only a few of whom were able to escape. * * * The literates who were the heads of the militia appointed to massacre the Christians say that the work of extermination carried out under the eyes of the Mandarins was concerted between the court and the literates, and was done in reprisal for recent events. The Mandarins have just received orders from the court not to employ any other means save those of persuasion to stop the murderers in their career. One of the chiefs who had just caused two Christians to be murdered on the highroad went on the parade before the Governor of the citadel, by whom he was dismissed with honor. On his return twenty women or children fell under the swords of this man and his followers. In several localities they take an entire family—father, mother and children —bind them together with bamboos, and then fling the bundle of living humanity into the waves. First, however, they take care to cut off the man’s head. The multitude of dead bodies thus fastened together in groups of from eight to ten blocks up the principal river, but to the great surprise of everybody does not send forth any bad* smell. There are then flye parishes containing pearly 10,Qp0 Christians, which will have to be blotted, out of the mission—namely, Lang Thank-Huyen, Nam-Duong, Hoy-Yen, and Doreg-Thank. Many m the victims

died in the midst of flames. A village of more than 400 Christians was attacked by the literates and soon became a prey to the flames. Among these 400 Christians there were 120, more 'or less, wlio succeeded in saving themselves by taking refuge in a village near by. The remainder —about 200 —w'ere all massacred. Two small villages of Christians situated two hours’ walk from the place at which I then was were hemmed in by the pagans. The'Mayor visited each house numbered, the Christians and forbade them, under the threat of some severe punishment, to go out of doors. A few of the Christian women attempted tb go to the market to keep themselves from starving. They never Some pagan women that went with them say that the Christian women' were captured and beheaded. Two men from one of these same villages hazarded a flight during the night; they crossed the great river by swimming, and came to me to tell their-misfortunes. “Alas!” writes Archbishop Gauthier, from whose letter this information is chiefly derived, “ I could do nothing but weep with them, being unable to do , anythiifg to succor them. Two or three days afterward I learned tha tall the men in that village had had thei heads cut off, but the women and children were spared. And as their houses wqre intermingled with those.of the pagans it was forbidden to burn them down ”

Driving the Seal.

The seals are easily captured; their captors, the natives, reminding one of butchers as they go into a stock-yard to select and drive out a batch of bullocks, for the method of procedure is precisely similar. To the right and left of the breeding grounds stretch sand-beaches or some convenient landing, upon which the “Holluschickie” or the bachelor seals lie by tens of thousands, extended in every attitude assumed by them in fitful sleep or animated sport, and down from the village to these “ hauling grounds” come the natives, who, after making a survey of the swarming myriads, step in among them and turn aside from the masses two or three thousand of the most eligible animals, usually males of not over four years old and not under two. This drove which they have selected is driven to the village as a flock of sheifp would be, the animals moving in a succession of sudden starts, .with frequent resting spells, at the rate of about half a mile an hour, providing the weather is cool and foggy and the ground hard. Seals can be driven at the rate of a mile an hour under peculiarly favorable conditions of road and weather; but the loss of life is great in a large drove, so many falling senseless, gasping and some to rise again within a few hours and others dying at once. Only four or five men are required to capture in this way a drove of from one to even fifty thousand, did they ever want so many; and the labor of driving them overland to the salt-houses near the village is light, as the seals move without resistance and require but little urging, only it should be constant and gentle. They string themselves out in long files as they travel, and a drove of four or five thousand will stretch over a path mortf than a mile in length.— Henry W. Elliott, in Harper's Magazine.

A Rich Beggar Dismantled.

Yesterday an old man, poorly dressed, limping as if very lame, and wearing green glasses, entered a saloon on the River road and asked for mopey, saying that he lived at a certain number on Seventh street, and that- his wife was very ill and he too old and lame to work. In the saloon was a...man living -at the very number given on Seventh street, and he branded the old man as a liar. The beggar then said it was Seventeenth street, but he was'so confused that the half-dozen men present determined to see how he was made up. He shouted “police” as they approached him, but the men locked the door and threw him down. The green glasses covered as good a pair of eyes as were in the room, and no cause for his limping could be found. He had his left hand tied up, but they jerked the rags off and found no hurt or wound. Lastly, they fished out of his pockets $38.45 in small 'money, as he had begged it, and discovered that he had a bank-book on a Chicago savings bank with $450.50 credited to him. lie made a great fuss as they went on to expose him, and finally promised that he would leave Detroit by the Pacific express and never come here again. He claimed to have begged most of the money in Toledo. One of the men accompanied the old knave to the Central depot and remained there until he saw him move away on the train. — Detroit Free Press.

Mice and Mice-like People.

Quiet people seldom get justice done them, except by their immediate friends. It is your noisy, rackety folk who secure most of the world’s spontaneous acclamation. The man -who talks common-places at the top of his voice, who is in the habit of perpetrating preposterous jokes and laughing consumedly at the same, and who makes a point of thrusting himself into conversation whether he understands the drift of the same or not, runs a niuch better chance of being dubbed a clever fellow than does the individual who rarely.speaks unless he is thoroughly au fait with his subject, and who is addicted to advanclng his opinions in a hesitating, timid fashion. Even when boisterous people have been found to be shallow impostors and to partake largely of the character of the drum, which looks big and is so extremely, hollow, many persons still feel a sort of admiration for them, and they receive more credit than is their due. Their boldness, which, in many instances, amounts to positive impudence, secures the half-admiration of those who feel, and rightly, that it is useless their attempting the same kind of thing, and who are frequently completely eclipsed when brought into contact with a forward being of the kind under notice. These are led to feel, moreover, that they compare unfavorably with him in another and, in the eyes of a sensitive being, a more important aspect. He is addicted to indulging in extravagant protestations of friendship at a moment’s notice; after an acquaintance extending over half an hour he will slap your back with considerable force —indeed, with more force than is pleasant, looking at the matter from a physical point of view—and ram his arm through yours with an amount of energy which should speak volumes for the warmth and sincerity of his feelings toward you, and finally-walk off with-you with an air of easy proprietorship which ought to be vgry flattering to your vanity—i. e., if you are at all liable to glory in the fact that it is competent for you, more than for the majority of your fellows, to make a very favorable impression in a short space of time. Quiet people, on the other hand, .are slow in manifesting warmth of feeling, and you will not often find them slapping comparativestrangers on the back, or linking arms with people of whom'they have not a thorough knowledge. Occasionally, of course, they may do so, for the contagion of example is so great that these passive beings are sometimes led to imitate the ways of their more dashing brethren. But, in the event of their doing so, they invariably only succed in bringing down humiliation upon themselves. There is a hesitancy about what they do which plainly indicates the effort they are making, and they

demonstrate in many ways that they are half ashamed of what they arc attempting. When they talk loudly there is a quaver and a hardness in their voices, showing that they are departing from their ordinary rule of life. While attempting any extravagant manifestations of good feeling it *is customary for their faces to assume a sheepish expression, and the evidence of their uncomfortablcness is completed by a series of blushes. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that those who know most about human nature, and are the greatest adepts at studying character, have justly a decided partiality for many quiet people, feeling that genius is apt to be shy, and that sincerity is often diffident, while, on the other hand, an excess of clatter often only hides innate weakness or serves as a cloak for ulterior designs or mean motives. Certain it is that the man who gushes upon slight provocation is invariably but a broken reed to rely on when one has to battle with the fierce waves of adversity ; while the retiring individual often proves a tower of strength, and shows himself possessed of depths of character of which no one has hitherto been disposed to give him credit. Why is it that these retiring people whom we have taken the liberty of comparing with mice arc so fond of being left to themselves, as they most undoubtedly are? How is it when they enter a room filled with people to most of whom they are comparative strangers they have a weakness for getting into some obscure corner, and of screening thent. selves from general observation by a book or collection of prints or photographs, the probability being that the books, prints, or photographs interest them but little? It seems likely that all this is owing, not so much to want of capacity, or natural shyness, or timidity—though it may in some cases be largely due to this—as to their inability to adapt themselves to a promiscuous assemblage, an inability which they probably feel and lament over. Addison was a bashful man when in company, but there is no reason for supposing that his shyness arose from a sense of his inferiority to the majority of people whom he was called upon to meet. Indeed,there is no doubt that in richness of idea and power of expression few who came near him were anything like his equals, mjjCtrless his superiors. Yet the fact nmnains that he was undoubtedly shy. Hfe case is illustrative - of the fact that timid men are not necessarily noodles, as some superficial observers seem inclined to imagine. Probably if the truth were known many of the quiet people under notice feel the most profound contempt for the majority of those who contribute to the noisy gabble which passes current in drawing-rooms and at dinner parties. More probable still, at the same time they are aware that they arc unable to contribute a satisfactory share thereto. Somehow or other, the few sentences they do hazard do not seem to fit in with the flow of talk, and their only effect appears to be an unpleasant one, which recoils on the heads of the speakers. This simply arises from the fact that they cannot adapt themselves to all circumstances, the result being that they are only able to talk satisfactorily and well with those who thoroughly understand them, and whom they thoroughly understand. Theymay sometimes be above the generality of folk, they may occasionally be below, but it is not so much a question of highness or lowness as it is of adaptability. In witness thereof may be cited the fact that a host of mediocrities are in the habit of talking at almost all times with singular ease, albeit the greater portion of what they utter is conventional nonsense. Still, nonsense is better than nothing, and the order of beings under notice would do well to be less severe in their condemnation of it. They may rest assured that they would appear to more advantage when engaging in the most vapid of dialogues than they do when retiring in corners and building castles in the air, or thinking contemptuously of the intellectual weakness of those whom they are regarding. A little attention to the matter would soon enable a man to cease to attract attention on account of his quietness without causing him to become boisterous. — Liberal Review.

Teaching a Stove to Talk Chinese.

The Pall Mall Gazette, tells a story, apropos of the appointment of M. De Saint Denys to the post of Sorbone Professor of Chinese, of what happened to his predecessor in that learned chair— Mr. Stanislas JulTien. When M. Jullien was nominated to the post, his lectures were given on Thursday and Saturday of each week, but for the first month his audiences consisted solely of the stove, which could scarcely be expected to derive much benefit from a lecture on language. One day, greatly to his surprise, a large party of fashionably-dressed ladies and gentlemen put in an appearance, and M. Jullien, out of gallantry toward the former, began his lecture by translating a sonnet by the Chinese poet Li-o-Tsing, in which woman is compared to “ the lotus of the Yellow River.” The audience appeared to follow the lecturer with deep interest, and M. Jullien began to think that his office would be no sinecure. There was a large attendance the following week, and among the company the lecturer noticed one gentleman who had been present on the previous occasion, and whom he set down as an enthusiastic admirer of the C’hinese language. This gentleman continued to attend a whole course of the lectures, accompanied on each occasion by a fresh party, and it was only six months afterward that M. Jullien discovered that he was a guide who showed foreigners the sights of Paris, one of the most remarkable of which he considered to be a professor teaching a stove to talk Chinese.

Locusts in Algeria.

An Algerian paper, says the London Echo, gives an interesting account of a struggle between the farmers of the colony and one of the most tremendous swarms of locusts that have ever descended upon the plains of Algeria. As soon as the distant cloud of invaders was perceived every effort was made by the terrified agriculturists to prevent the descent of the hungry myriads upon their pastures, while on the other hand the locusts w'ere equally determined to alight and take refreshment. In order to keep the insect host in the higher strata of the atmosphere, where a change of wind might at any moment carry them away, the farmers lit fires with damp weeds, and by collecting all their kitchen utensils, ringing all the bells, and shouting at the top of their voices the; - produced such a concert of hideous sounds that for a time the locusts preferred famine to the din and remained in the air; but at length hunger and fatigue overpowered them, and they decided on braving the worst and falling to the ground, when the green fields ana trees suddenly turned yellow under the multitudes which instantly covered them. All through the night was heard one continuous and portentous soubd —that of myriads of invisible jaws engaged in mastication—the next morning the battle commenced, but the latest advices are of a discouraging nature, as they report that the locusts are engaged not only in eating, but in laying eggs. -s w - Thebe is an old maid in Lowell, Mass-, who shows the documents to prove that she has refused over forty offers of marriage.

FARM AND HOUSEHOLD.

—Sponge Cake Pudding:—Butter a mold well and ornament it with dried cherries or sultanas, then three parts fill it with Sponge cake, and fill up with custard. Four sponge cakes, half a pint of milk and two or three eggs, sweetened with loaf sugar, make a nice small pudding. Boil or steam it for half an hour, and serve with sweet sauce. —Orange Roley-Polcy.—Make a light paste as for apple dumplings or valise pudding, roll in an oblong sheet, and lay oranges (sweet ones), peeled, sliced and seeded, thickly all over it. Sprinkle with white sugar; scatter a teaspoonful or two of the grated yellow peel over all and roll up closely, lolding down the end to secure the syrup. Boil in a puddingcloth one hour and a half. Eat with lemon sauce. —Minister’s Pudding.—Three eggs, an equal weight of sugar and butter, and the weight of two eggs in flour. Melt the butter, and beat it to a cream; beat the eggs well, mix' them with the butter and sugar, beating the whole to a froth; then add the flour by degrees, and the rind of a lemon chopped very finely. Beat it all together, and pour into a mold; boil gently for an hour. This pudding requires as much beating as a sponge cake. When properly made it is delicious. —Whitewood carvings are best mendet'. with isinglass or white glue. Walnut is mended with the best dark glue, and chipped places filled with putty, which is then stained to the proper depth with raw linseed oil mixed with Vandyke brown, burnt sienna or burnt umber. This takqs weeks to dry, and the carving should be protected from dust. Where veneers are broken and the pieces are not at hand, the edges must be sawed smooth and a new strip glued on, when varnish and polish will hide the mischief The loss of a curl or two from arabesque carving may be unnoticed if the corresponding figure is cut.oft’, the ends rounded smoothly and repolished or gilt as the case may be.— Hearth and Home,. —Cements for leather that will be flexible, water and fire proof at the same time are in demand. Pure india-rubber, to be had of the dentists commonly, dissolved in three times as much of the best chloroform, is simple and excellent for such purposes as mending overshoes, sticking upper and under soles of children’s shoes together when they come apart by wetting, for making slides waterproof, etc. The rubber must be pure and cut into fine shavings and left a long time closely corked in the chloroform, as it is difficult to dissolve. When melted, onethird of the solution and two-thirds of the best glue, added while boiling makes a good cement for harness. Another recipe is two ounces of best Russian isinglass boiled in a pint of ale till dissolved, adding four ounces of the best common glue. When melted, slowly add one and a half ounces of boiled linseed oil, stirring till all are mixed. When cold it is like india-rubber. Shave the leather a little, brush the cement on while hot, and press the parts together with a weight over night.— Hearth and Home.

Do Not Neglect to Thin Out Young Fruit.

Young trebs should .be allowed to bear only a few. specimens as their growth and healthy development will be of far more value than the fruit. It is ruinous to young trees to mature a full crop of fruit. This is one reason why we see so many stunted trees. It seems difficult for many'people to bring their decision up to a point which requires them to diminish the quantity of fruit upon their trees. Sometimes they plead want of time; but this is not admissible, for if they have not time to attend to the proper cultivation of fruit they should abandon it altogether. The real cause is their greediness. You can’t make them believe that they are the gainers by destroying a portion of the crop, saying that nature is the best judge as to the quantity of fruit. Such persons have no practical knowledge of fruit raising, and the sooner they give it up the better it will be for them, .their pockets and reputation. As soon as pear and peach trees begin to show their product, Are thinning-out process may be begun at almost any time. It is true the operation can be performed conveniently only upon such trees as are not over large. But it should be especially attended to in young trees, which frequently overbear, to the great injury of the health of the trees as well as the quality of the fruit. To obtain the finest specimens of pears the specimens should not be allowed to grow in clusters or in contact with each other, and all that exhibit the least imprerfection should be removed. What is lost in number will be doubly made up in size and flavor. This should be remembered. Many persons regard the thinning out of peaches, pears and apples as so much loss. But they are not judges of fruit and have no knowledge of its proper culture. They want as large a crop as possible, letting the quality take care of itself, no matter JiQ w^niuch the tree is damaged and~what effect it may have on the following year’s crop. Our own practice is to pinch off hundreds of pears, apples, peaches and other fruit, leavihg only four to ten or twenty on a tree, according, to the size. After a tree has been growing vigorously for four or five seasong, it may be allowed to produce a small crop.— N. F. Herald.

Cleaning the Cellar.

Now, we do not imagine that in the whole country there is but one thoroughly renovated cellar, but thousands of them, if you busy people would only tell us about them; so we may be pardoned for alluding to the way ours is made suitable for dairy purposes. One day a neighbor caught us down cellar, right in the midst of our cleaning in a part of the house which we have come to regard as more essential to the well-being of the family than the parlor; and while we were giving the timbers overhead and the nicely-painted walls a good coat of whitewash she expressed her surprise that anybody should be so foolish. “Don’t you have enough whitewashing to do up-stairs? Is so much extra work necessary?” We mildly answered “yes” to the first query, and emphatically “ yes” to the last, for in lieu ’of a cool room above ground the cellar was to be our milk room during the heat of summer, so no unpleasant odor must linger to taint cream or butter. Our work was soon finished, and the freshly-scoured milk racks and tables were in place, when two comical figures, mistress and maid, emerged from the cellar, well pleased with their half-day’s work. After tea our friend followed us down the stairway, and rewarded us with the following comment: “ How cool and light it seems! Why, I should like to stay 'here and skim the milk myself.” , This approval from the skeptic of an hour or two ago was quite encouraging, and here is the programme from beginning to end: In the spring, just as soon as the weather will permit, the window? and outside cellar door are opened, and all the decaying vegetables, as well as empty barrels and bins< are carried out. When it is warm enough to remove the roots to some out-building the men folks

again lend us a helping hand, and the rest of the boards and boxes are piled up somewhere out of doors for further use. Nothing is left that can harbor, mold or undue moisture, not even the vinegar barrel and jugs. Only the rubbish on the cellar bottom reminds us of the generous store of good things that went down in November; and when the last vestige of that is borne away by stout hands we dismiss our knights of the hoe with thanks, for the rest of the task is comparatively easy. First, there is a thorough sweeping overhead, down the walls, and about the grates in the windows and upper half Of the doors; then the gravelly ground, which by use has become almost as smooth and hard as a floor, gets several sweepings, till we are quite sure that no decaying matter hides in the soil, when Bridget carries the disabled spiders and scrapings off to some far-away place. . After some dry lime, such as we find "partially slaked among the lumps, has been sprinkled on the ground close to the walls and in the entrance to the drain, we are ready for whitewashing. Providing ourselves with an old brush (for the process is damaging to a new one) and a kettle of whitewash made of fresh lime, a handful of salt and sufficient boiling water to allow the mixture to be spread on the stones, we give the boards and sleepers above, and every stone and crevice in the wall, a generous brushing. By the time they are dry and the air is purified by the action of the lime the cellar is perfectly sweet and clean, and we aim to keep it so. If milk is spilled, it is wiped up immediately, and occasionally dry lime is sprinkled under the racks to prevent mold. With everything banished from the room that could impart an unpleasant odor, we spend many cheerful summer hours in our dairy.— Lee, in Rural New Yorker.

A Few Words to Feeble and Delicate Women.

By R. V. PIERCE, M. D., of the World’s Dispensary, Buffalo, N. Y. Knowing that you are subject to a great amount of suffering that delicacy on your, part has a strong tendency to prolong, and the longer it is neglected the more you have to endure and the more difficult of cure your case becomes, I, as a physician, who is daily consulted by scores of your sex, desire to say to you that I am constantly meeting with those who have been treated for their ailments for months without being benefited in the least, until they have become perfectly discouraged and have almost made up’their minds never to take another dose of medicine nor be tortured by any further treatment. They had rather die and have their sufferings ended than to live and suffer as they have. They say they arc worn out by suffering and arc only made Worse by treatment. Of anything more, discouraging we certainly cannot conceive, and were there no more successful mode of treating such difficulties than that the principles pf which teach the reducing and depleting of the vital forces of the system, when the indications dictate a treatment directly the. reverse of the one adopted for them, their eases would be deplorable indeed. But, lady sufferers, there is a better and far more successful plan of treatment for you; more in harmony with the laws and requirements of your system. A harsh, irritating, caustic ‘ treatment and strong medicines will never cure you. If you would use rational means, such as common sense should dictate to every intelligent lady, take such medicines as embody the very best invigorating tonics and nervines, compounded with special reference to your delicate system. Such jt happy combination you will find in my. Favorite .Prescription, which has-received the loudest praise from thousands of your sex. Those languid, tiresome sensations, causing you to feel scarcely able to be on your fest or ascend a flight of stairs, that continual drain that is sapning from your systems all your former elasticity and driving the bloom from your cheeks; that continual strain upon your vital forces that renders you irritable and fretful, may all be overcome and subdued by a jiersevering use of that marvelous remedy. Irregularities and obstructions to the proper workings of your systems are relieved by this mild and safe means, while periodical pains, the existence of which is a sure indication of serious disease that should not be neglected,' readily yield to it, and if its use is kept up for a reasonable length of time the special cause of these pains is permanently removed. Further light oil these subjects may be obtaiiw’d from my pamphlet on diseases peculiar to your sex, sent on receipt of two stamps. My Favorite Prescription is sold by druggists. Wilhoft’s Anti-Periodic or Fever and Ag.ue Tonic. —This invaluable and standard family medicine is now a household word and maintains its reputation unimpaired. It is indorsed by the medical profession, and prescribed daily in the Charity Hospital and other Hospitals in New OrlcsnßT Wilhoft’s Tonic is thus highly recommended by the leading medical men of the country, lin’d is worthy- of sticli—indorsement. Wheelock, Finlay & Co., Proprietors, New Orleans. For sale by all Druggists. Improvement is the order of the day. The greatest change is made in the Elmwood Collar. This is made a little wider than it was, so ns to be in the present style. Ask for the Improved Elmwood. The Northwestern Horse-Nail uo.’s “ Finished ” Nail is the best in the world.

Thirty Year,’ Experience of an O4j Iturss. Mbs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup 1. the prescrip tlon of one of the best Female Physicians and Nurse, In the United States, and has been used for thirty years with never ; faillng safety and success by millions of mothers and children, from the feeble infant of one week old to the adult. It correuts acidity o' the stomach, relieves wind colic, regulates the bowels, and gives rest, health, and comfort to mother and child. We believe It to be tqe Best and Surest Heme dy In the World Tn all cases of DYSENTERY ana DIARRHfEA IN CHILDREN, whether It arises from Teething or from any other cause. Full directions for using will accompany each bottle. None Genuine unless the fac-slmlle of CURTIS & PERKINS Is o' the outside wrapper. Sold bt all Mbdicinx Dbalbbs.

Children Often Look Pale and" Sick From no other cause than having worms In the atom ach. BROWN’S VERMIFUGE COMFITS will destroy Worms without Injury to the child, being perfectly white, and free from all coloring or other injurious Ingredients usually used in worm preparations. CURTIS & BROWN, Proprietors, No. 215 Fulton street. New York. Sold by Drugainit and Ckemiau, and DtaUrt in MedMnei, at T westt-fivk Cists a Box. ■"■7—■ ... Ye Old Mexican Mustang Liniment has produced more cures of rheumatism., neuralgia, sprains, scalds, burns, salt rheum, sore nipples, swelling, lameness, chapped hands, poisonous bites, stings, bruises, etc., etc., on men, women and children; and sprains, strains, galls, stiff Joints, Inflammation, etc.. In beasts, than all other liniments put together. It will do what Is promised or ye money refunded Reanimating the Hairt—When the hair eeases to draw from the scalp the natural lubricant which is Its sustenance, its vitality la, as It were, suspended, and, If not promptly attended to, baldness will be the certain result. The one sure method of avoiding snch an unpleasant catastrophe is to use Lton’s Kathahion, which, when well rubbed Into the scalp, will speedily reanimate the hair and prevent It from falling out. The Secret of Captivation.—Features of Grecian mould, a well-turned neck and beautifullyrounded arms, are no doubt very nice things to have, and ladles who possess these charms have reason to be thankful to Mother Nature; yet, after all, the most captivating of all womanly charms Is a pure, fresh and brilliant complexion. This superlative fascination any lady may secure by using Hagax’s Magxoua Balm. The Grand Revolution nr MXDICAX Tsxatxxxt which was commenced in 1860 is still In progress. Nothing can stop It, for it Is founded on the principle, now universally acknowledged, that physical vigor is the most formidable antagonist of all human amounts, and experience has shown that Fuakzatiox Burns Is a peurless inrigoraat, as well as the beet possible safeguard against epidemic diseases.

tr Asthma can be cured. Bee Hurst’s advertisement.

HOUSEHOLD Why WUI You Su ® or ’ PANACEA To all persons suffering . aid from Rheumatism, Neuralgia, FAMILY Cramps in the limbs or atom. T.TNTMFNT ach ’ BU10 “ CoUo -*“ back, bowels or side, we would say Ths Household Panacea . and Family Liniment Is of all HOUSEHOLD others the remedy you want PANACEA for internal and external use. It has cured the above com. FAMILY plalntß 10 thousands of cases. There Is no mistake about It. LINIMENT. I Trv It. Sold by all Druggists.

RMF Your druggist, can furnl3h you with this Ague JLMmX wiJiJ Medicine and a box of This REM- . PILLS EDY Is sold |> A ALL fob bythepropri- JU w W7JL One Dollar, etors -with a Warrant fara • that it will Cure Ague, * I Tl or the Money Refunded. UAlAvs You risk nothing by trying It, even It it falls. Kress Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati, 0. SURE=ME Remittent Fever, 1 * w w ““ /MTTT>TI is found in Kress Fever ■ ■II IF Il’Tonic. Itcontainsno poisI ■ I I rlaonous ingredient, and cures \/ w XUJUIAgue by canceling the Ague Polson In the BLOOD and ejecting It from the system. Box of Pills with each bottle—CUßES GUARANTEED by Kress Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati, Q.

Tor inythlng wanted. Is ths Machinery lias, aiireu then at HAMILTON, OHIO, or ST. LOUIS, MO. Inquirers please mention where they saw this. Punctual as a Timepiece.—Unless the bowels do their duty wi h the regularity of clockwork, peffeec health 13 impc sslble. when disordered, control them immediately with Tarrant’s Effervescent Seltzer Aperient, the most genial balsamic and effective laxative and alterative known to the medical profession. Sold by a r uggis Is. WOTS To sell the HOME SHUTTLE SEWING MACHINE where we are not represented. Reader!! you can make money selling the “HOME SHUTTLE” whether you are FATEIIIE v’CEDin the business or not. If you wish to buv a S-iwino Machine for family use our circulars will ahoy you how to save mom y. Address JOHNSON, CLARK & CO., Chicago, 111. ASTHMA, Popham’s Asthma Specific. Warranted to relievo any cane in TKN MINUTES; w Your Siwciflc Han about cured mo, and it baa relieved all whom I have ever heard from.” Cahron Modibett, Mo. Sold by all Druggist*. |1 i>or box, by mail, pofttpaid. TRIAL PACKAGE FREE. Addresfl, In closing st amp, T. POPiIAM & CO., AGENTS? ALL Ciam’s Historical Reversible Map of the United States and World, new Sectional-State Maps, Charts, Pictures, Frames, Novelties, etc., sell everywhere. 1 have the best-selling line of goods in America for Agents and Canvassers. Circulars free. Send at once to GEO. F. CRAM, 66 Lake street, Chicago. The Life and Public I ra “ pl ■ I Cvj IJl2* Services of iMUMsBJLZXJgMSaZII ■I ■ I ■Bn By C. Edwards Lester This work has been some rears in preparation, most of the matter having been urnisheu by Mr. Sumner himself. Contains 600 pages, an elegant steel portrait and numerous llUbtratlons. Is now r ready for immediate delivery. AGENTS WANTED in every town. Sold only by subscription. OSGOOD & CO., L South Clark St., Chicago, 111. NEW STYLE OF MAPS. Maps of the United States so arranged as to give the purchaser a map of any of the Western States ho may wish to accompany it on the same sheet. Its neatness and originality of style render it a marked success. Terms made known to Agents wishing to selUt by addressing RUFUS BLANCHARD, 132 Clark Street. Chicago* Profitable Employment. Work for Everybody. Good Warn Permanent Employment. Men and vVonicn wanted* -F«ll particulars free, Address W. A. HENDERSON & CO., Cleveland. 0.. or l«ouis. Mo. CENTRAL HOTEL, Maiket-st., cor. Washington, Chicago, 111. / $2.50 PER L> \Y I 200 ROOMS ! Passenger Elevator. J. APPLETON WILSON, Prop’r. IOFKITO WANTED FOR THE AutN I v Undeveloped West, it is a wonderful and spicy book. 240 engravings. Send for specimen pages and circulars, with terms. NATIONAL PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, Hl. ARENTS’ COMBINATIONS. GRAND BIBLE COMBINATION; COMBINATION BOOK LIST; Map, Chart and Fiiamb Combination. Goodspeed's Empire Publishing House, Chicago. HUD “I adieb’ Frirad” contains 7 articles UUn needed by every Lady—Vatent Needle Threader, Sela.ors, Thimble, Ac.—guar- ,, _ ... nnteed worth 11.00. Sample Box, by mall, al C UU so cents. Agents wanted. PLUMB & lx U TV CO., 108 S. Blh street, Philadelphia,Pa. iNSTAOiT’ UICLIKF and A RT U na A Radical Cwc for the » FH fa tmmcdlatu reiki guaranteed by ualngmy Asthma ren» edy. I suffered I'-’ycars, not lying down for weeks at. time, but am now untirxlt odrxd. Sentby mall on receipt ot price, SI per box. Ask your Dmirelst for It, CHAS. B- HURST. Rochester. Beaver Co- Pa. Otat wm.rrnl for ibe great REtJIPT book TSctcw: tsiA c-f Wo „¥r.^’, o J 7 s : . a > ’ 4lB o.- iv.iinin nvjfmiib. " PI CPIPT’’ Fun E.TRW*THING. A book that r TERVJ» HT V AST*Splendid FHFU EX :KA . isKMN. CoiHbieutal Fub. Cu., St. Louis. O-nicoTs&co., manuf'rers and dealer. In Needles, Tucker., and attachments for all double-thread Sewing Machines, Sample dns. nee- . die. seffi to anyportomce addre on receipt of 60 cts. To Millers and Engine Owners. To nearly dpubleyour steamnower and save fuel also, address J. F. TALL ANT, Burlington. lowa. ly. flayear. Sc. stamp for sample. Albance, Chicago. A GENTS WANTED, Men or Women. a Zi week or |loi> forfeited. TA. Secret Free, write kt once to COWEN A CO., Eighth Mreet, »ew Tort. S4QX PER D.*Y Commlsdon or a week SnF- ” VAitJ ary, and expenses. W o offer < and will pay It. Apply pow, G, Webber AtCtt..Marlon,O. EACH WEEK. Agentswanted. PartlcuI yq-U™ fmr J. Wowrrjgfc • m.St. 1 Mo K A MONTH SALARY to gooAAgentj. Send «Bs .ramp for terms Star NovTn.fr ■o..Qhlcago. dSK o A per day at home. Terms Free. Address <PO p GXo. bTirrnox A Co., Portlandlalnc. A. N.K / «64-F.X. r I’HIB PAPER U Printed with INK manufactured IbyG. B. KANE * CO., 131 Dearborn St., Chicago.. For Mie by A. N. Kxu.ooe 71 Jackson St- Cnlcago