Rensselaer Union, Volume 5, Number 38, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 12 June 1873 — Page 4

CURRENT ITEMS.

See, in anotW column, the advertisement headed U I will help mny man." An ingenious New England hen has laid two eggs joined together at the ends. On, Cm, Pa., has a cat which suckles a young rat along with the members of her own family. IT is reported that over 1,000 hotels in Pennsylvania have closed since the elec-' tions on the license question. A Chester County (Pa.) judge recently admitted to probate a last will and testament written on a slate. The California farmers have called a State Convention to consider the propriety of a general political movement. One thousand four hundred salmon were caught in one haul at Huine’g. fishery, Oregon, recently. —~~~~~ Swell youths of Gotham have their cigars manufactured expressly for them, and ornamented with their monograms in gold. The man who mails a postal card containing obscene language is subject to a fine of not less than SIOO nor more than $5,000 for each and every offense. Three New Hampshire brothers recently married a mother, a daughter, and a grand-daughter, and it was the oldest of the brothers that married the granddaughter. -rrrrrrr-^r-Gold in paying quantities is reported to have been found in Morgan County, Ind. A company has been formed and mining operations will be commenced in a few Wedfe. : The “Little Sisters of the Poor” have erected and dedicated to charitable purposes at Indianopolis a two-story and a half frame building, capable of accommodating fifty inmates. A woman named Courtney, of Torrance Bay, Nova Scotia, has given birth to four children, being the second time.within two years. She has had seventeen children in ten years. A Louisville man drank a Sedlitz powder, one glass at a time, and the boiling operation took place inside of him. His contortions are described as beautiful. Near Nebraska City lives a sixteenyear old boy who edn neither hear, see, feel, nor speak, fie is in constant motion like a caged hyena, but harmless. As he is so was lie born. The shoe-heel is hereafter to lie made upon the idea of common comfort. Paris makes the move, and of course the fashionable world will follow. The lieel will bfi low, and made as near as possible like the natural. The Court of Claims, in session at Wasbington, lately decided a large number of cotton claims, among them one in < favor of William Battersby and others for $485,342, the largest single judgment ever rendered by the court. A man in Baltimore, who was on trial for passing a counterfeit bill, was disdischarged because someone stole the bill from the Justice in the Court-room. Tlien .: they said there was no evidence, tff hold him. There was a rush on a savings bank in Waltham, Mass., the other day, and one man was so elated to find liis $l5O all fight that he called in his friends and went on a big spree. When he woke up next morning he hadn’t a cent. The Pennsylvania Railway Company are just now engaged in furnishing all - their conductors with new time, pieces. They are of silver, quite large, weighing about five ounces each, and are furnished with all the modern, improvements. It is stated that the grave of General Greene, famous in the Revolution, is unknown. His body was buried in an old cemetery on South Broad street, Savannah, on June 20, 1786, but no record being made, the remains could never be found. A Yankee grocer, being solicited to contribute to the building of a new church, promptly subscribed his name to the paper in-the- following manner:- “John Jones (the only place in town where you can get eleven pounds of good sugar* for a dollar), twenty-five cents.”" One peculiarity of the late electric storms in Southern-lowa. was that the electric current ascended from the earth as well as to it. On several occasions, bright flashes of flame, and even balls of fire, shot suddenly upward from the earth to greet the hovering clouds. For the past two years increasing numbers of real canvass-back ducks have been killed on Lake Koshkonong, Wis., where they feed on a species of celery, which is identical with that found in Chesapeake Bay. This bird is very rare north of Maryland or Virginia, and fe esteemed the finest for the table of the entire species. The murderer Lusignani, lately hung in New Jersey, had some native wit, if he » did part his hair in the middle. Just before he was led out to execution, one of the priests said: “I would willingly be in your place; you will be in heaven * soon.” “Well, take my place,” said the prisoner, “I wiil get under the bed.” A-gentleman unaccustomed to the new method of paving fare in the horse-cars in Lawrence, Mass., was so flustered that he threw a fifty -cent scrip in the box. Finding that he could get no Change from the, driver, he began to take up fares; he. had to ride a considerable distance past his destination before he succeeded iu getting his change. Cottage rents at Long Branch vary from $1,0(X) to $14,000 for the season, according to location. Lots are very high, --but sales are numerous. Cicnr-ral Grant owns two houses, one of which he rents to Mr. Jesse Seligman for $3,000. General O. E. Babcock’s new cottage will be fin- . ished in July; Jay Gould is building the finest cottage of all, and cither moneyed men are erecting some of elegant pattern. The Hoosae tunnel contractors have reported to the Massachusetts Legislature that the actual length of the boring now to do through solid rock is about 1,720 feet, which they are shortening up at the rate of about 300 feet per month. They expect to be entirely through the mofintain by the 15th of November next, after which date Borne six months will be required to put the tunnel in working order .for regular trains. Here is a matrimonial experience: About forty years ago, a man who then resided in Shaftsbuty, Vt.y married, and after living with his wife three years, they parted. He then married a Manchester lady, and they went West. They raised a family of eight children, and the wife died. He then returned to Shaftsbury, and took West with him another wife. Then she died, and now he marries the woman from whom he parted thirty-seven years ago. Mrs. Benjamin Hastings, living in the north part of Greenfield, Mass., who has just celebrated her 83d birthday, carries off the palm for business honor. One day, recently, she walked into town, a distance of five miles, and returned the same day, making in all a distance of ten miiea, for the purpose of meeting an appointment for the payment of a bill of ten cent* at one of the dry-goods stores. - Qjf the examination of samples of green tea, stored in bonded warehouses in London, it was found that this so-called tea contained from forty to forty-three per cent, of iron and nineteen per cent, of Silica, in the form of fine sand. The above substances bad been mixed with the leaves, with a view to increase their weight and bulk, After the leaves were curled, they became thickly covered with green pig, ment, and when infused in boiling water a turbid solution was produced, offensive to the smell and nauseous to the teste. .

Apashionable lady passing down Third street, at Winona, Minn., the other day, in animated conversation with a gentleman, was dressed in such extreme height of style .that her “little love of a bonnet”dropped off the tourth story of her back hair and fell, to the sidewalk, but ilie passed on in utter oblivion of the dangerous exposure of her head and health.until she reached the next block, when her attention was called to the incompleteness of her attire. Bv the aid of a microscope her bonnet was found and repfaced on the apex of the capillary pyramid. There are Fagins even In America. In Cleveland, a man bearing the extremely appropriate name of Wolf, was brought before the Police Court charged with receiving stolen property. Several children, from eight to ten years of age, testified that Wolf had taught them to steal iron and brass from the car-shops, and that they .obeyed him. The old scoundrel, instead of being sent to prison for life, as he should have been, was merely fined SSO and costs. The Judge observed that the offense of the prisoner was becoming a common one, and that it should be severely dealt with. That, it seems, is a mild way of putting it. The army Signal-office has made preparations for a very great extension of its. valuable system of reports of the height of rivers, particularly of all those opening into the Mississippi. Over twenty-five stations are now established at suitable -points on these rivers, especially, of course, on the Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi. They are provided in some instances with automatic self-recording ap-paratus,-and at all other-places -the observation of-the heigh t-of the water is taken eight times daily when floods are apprehended. By this most beautiful system every wave of high water is accurately followed in its course downstream, and the approach of dangerous high floods is easily foretold by the repeated telegraphic reports. The system of river reports, which has been in operation during the past year, has given such universal satisfaction to those* navigating the Western wafers that the demand for increased facilities can only he met by this new and far more elaborate system of stations. A Second Sam Patch.— About two o’clock Sunday afternoon a man named George Watson, a carpenter, was strolling around the Passaic Falls half drunk,when he suddenly took it into his head to outdo SaniPatch’s famous leap froihtKe Fall s. So he deliberately climbed up on the iron bridge which crosses the chasm, and before any one could prevent had jumped off the dizzy height, and sped through a dis. tance of fully eighty feet to the boiling flood, below. A number of persons saw the fearful leap and hurried to the spot, expecting to see a dead body floating on the water, but to tlieir astonishment Watson came up.safely but soberly, and hastily clambered upon the large square rock.below the bridge, where he sat cowering and shivering with affright at his foolhardiness. lie was too much unstrung to swim across the basin to dry' land, and so had to try to clamber up through the narrow crevice near by. A large crowd soon gathered, with every- appliance to extricate- him from his precarious situation. Watson was completely,,exhausted when drawn out by life friends. —Paterson (N. J.) Ghiardian. - c Singular Cause of Fire.— A legal gentleman, in one of our large Eastern cities, •upon entering his office one summer morning, found the loose papers on. his table just starting into a light flame, which surprised him greatly, as there was no fire in the room at that time, neither was it apparent how they could have ignited from any external cause, the windows being closed. This happened several mornings in succession, but one day be arrived at his office earlier'than usual and succeeded in detecting the origin of the fire. Sitting at his table, lie felt a burning sensation upon one of life hand, which gradually increased until it became insupportable; and on looking at the window through which the silu was shining, he noticed that one of the panes of glass had a bubble or flaw in it, which served to concentrate the rays of light in die same manner as a burning glass, and, with sufficient power to ignite paper in a few minutes.. The dangerous pane was at once removed, and with it the cause of a “mysterious conflagration.”

The Louisiana Muddle.

What a howl would go up from the papers opposed to President Grant’s Administration if, in case of a contested election in any State, the- judiciary should decide in favor of one set of candidates and the President should sustain the other! What caustic denunciations we should read of the crime of overriding the courts with military-power! Yet this is exactly what General Grant would have done had he recognized the McEnery faction instead of the Kellogg faction in Louisiana. Tlie regularly constituted 'courts, both State and Federal, decided that Kellogg was elected Governor of Louisiana, and that McEnery was not. This left abiding National Executive no alternative but a recognition of Kellogg when two rival State governments presented themselves, each claiming to be lawfully constituted. Yet President Grant was not satisfied, hesitated to interfere in such a muddle, evidently believing it a doubtful question as to which party had really carried the election, and 'distinctly urged Congress to take some decisive action relative to the question before'its adjournment. responsibility or the trouble of determining which of the two rival State governments was the legal one. "’tn the absence of any decision by this supreme authority the President could only confirm the action of the courts by recognizing the Government which they had declared legally elected, whatever his own opinions might be respecting the election. This being the case, there should be an end of the tirades against President Grant for his action in the matter. If the Kellogg Government be an usurpation, then both the lower courts in New Orleans and the Supreme Court of Louisiana, the judges of which were duly appointed by Warmoth long before the present troubles were apprehended, and indeed before that functionary had allied himself with the McEnery party,_as well as the United States District Court, are primarily - responsible for the sanction which it has obtained, and Congress alone-is responsible for its continuance. It is usual in civilized countries, where law aifd order prevail, for the regularly declared decisions of legally constituted courts to be- respected .until, reversed by some higher tribunal. This being true, the McEnery party of Louisiana, whether their grievances be great or small, have no legal and honorable course but to bide their time and peaceably obey the powers that be, until their case can be adjudicated either by Congress or the Supreme Court of the UnitedL States. President Grant has no alternative but to sustain the said powers that be when duly called on for .that purpose, and help them to put down any domestic violence by whomsoever fomented. And the honest newspaper press, regardless of party lices, unless they desire to make matters Morse and precipitate a rebellion, Should hounsel accordingly. President Grant’s proclamation, published in another column, ordering all “turbulent and disorderly persons to disperse and peaceably retire to theft respective abodes within twenty days,” in order that there may be no necessity for employing the army against them, is in the interests of- peace and order, and as such should be sustained.—iVnKy’* Prm.

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL CONGRESS.

SECOND DAY. Some new delegates were admitted. A report ivas adopted providing for the soliciting of the co-operation of all the farmers’ clubs and agricultural societies In the country; and that each society and dub he entitled to one delegate, no matter how small the dub, aud all State agricultural societies to two delegates, the entrance fee to be fixed by the Committee on Finance. * —,— _ Several resolutions relating to transportation, etc., were offered and referred. Resolutions.in favor of the Morrill landgrant bill, and providing for the appointment of a committee to memorialize Congress in its behalf, were debated and laid on tbe table to be called up at the pleasure of the Congress. The resolution condemning the Eight-hour -law and requesting Congress, to; repeMlLwas, after discussion, voted down by a large ityA resolution To 'appoint a oD'mmittee of three to confer with the railroads, and solicit the usual reduced fare courtesies to the members of the Congress, was debated and finally defeated— 3o to 26—many not voting. The Committee on transportation made the following report: The cheap transportation of persons and property is a national necessity. Oar country is Immense, and ils climate, productions and wants very varied and diverse in its different parts. The eminent thinker,Dr. Draper, in his “Civil Policy of America,” has stated that he regards cheap transportation, even looking at it simply as a means of commingling, fraternizing, and unifying our population aH a national necessity. Even more true, if possible, is me statement that the greatest good of the masseß of the people is to be subserved by furnishing all articles whose production is local, but whose consumption isjjeneratoind necessary, at the possible cost of transportation. Eight States in the Northwest produced 800,000,000 bushels of cereals in 1872—50 bushels for every man, woman and cTifld of Its population, and enough, properly distributed. to feed the whole 40.000,000 of the nation, while the East had not grain enough to last her more than three months of the year, and the four Southern States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Florida required 80,000.000 of bushels more grain than they grew. Pennsylvania has cxhaustiess mines of coal. Massachusetts, with her immense factories, has none. The Southern States have a soil eminently adapted to the production of cotton and sugar, articles sought and needed by all portions of the more Northern States. Missouri has her immense mines of iron, whoso manufacture and use goes everywhere. The Pacific Coast has her mines, her wheat, and her minerals, valuable to all. To fetch and carry these raw products, and the secondary products of their manufacture, from producer to consumer, at the lowest cost, is the most worthy and most desirable object of the day. It will remove an oppressive burden that now rests like an incubus upon the producing interests of the country, and give cheap food, cheap fuel, and cheap clothing to the people everywhere. In examining -Into thhmahieei we-find-that in- the first place the present avenues for freight and transportation are insufficient, or at least as now organized and operated do not do their proper work. Our water routes are obstructed by falls and rapids that are not overcome: by shoals and sand-hars that are not removed, and for mouths of the year are blockaded by ice or by low water. The railways, being used both for passenger and freight transportation, can carry only relatively small amounts of freight, and both water and railway routes arc blocked by an insufficiency of warehouses, elevators, and other modes .of transferring freight at om- principal inland and seaboard cities. We find, moreover, that rates charged by transportation companies are exorbitant, as compared with the necessary cost, and are even prohibitory in their character at points remote from the great markets. While Mr. Quincy and Mr. It. IT Ferguson have demonstrated that it ia’ possible to carry a bushel of gram from St. Louis or Chicago to the seaboard by rail for 6 cents, and we believe 10 cents is ample to do so, the statistics show that during the last five years the charges for such carriage have averaged over 31 cents from Chicago and over 37 cents from 9t. Louis, or from three to five times the necessary cost. The rates by water, whilst considerably lower, are still much above the necessary cost, and in the northern part of the country are not in operation during (he winter season. The charges of elevators and other warehouses have at many points been also exorbitant aud oppressive. Thus, in seasons of plenty, the producer finds the price of his prodnets reduced below the cost of - production, aud in seasons of scarcity the consumers must pay unwarrantable and unbearable prices for tbe necessaries of life. Not only this, but inasmuch as the seaboard prices, except in cities of local scarcity, fix the producer's prices at his own locality, the result is that the high prices of freight are a cause of loss to the producer, even upon what he sells at home. With au inimeuse region of wheat and other grain-growing country opening np in the Northwest, these evils to our special farming interests threaten to he greatly aggravated and increased in the future. We may add that the unjust discriminations of railroad corporations have aggravated and intensified this evil, Discriminations are unduly exciting aud building up the prosperity of competing points, and depressing and destroying that or other points. Real estate is depreciated, manufactures and agriculture languish, and the country is even becoming depopulated by reason of unjust dis--Xnminaiinns, 1 11 view of these facts, yonr Committee believe that due encouragement should be given to the opening of new routes, and the improvement of old one-, so as to furnish transportaliun at cheap rates between aH parts of the republic. Among these, we would call attention to the following, which from a cursory examination, seem to have more or less merit: The Niagara Ship Canal; the Caugliuawaga'S Champlain Canal route from the St. Lawrence - to New York: the Fox River Canal, of Wisconsin; the James River & Kanawha through water line: the Illinois <fc Michigan Canal and Ihe Illinois River improvement; the Atlantic * Great Western Canal, and the Mississippi and Apalachicola Canal along the Gulf coast. The Southern Pacific and the Northern Pacific Railroads are already aided by grants of lands, and their construction it is believed secured, and we believe will be important means of relieving the pressure of transcontinental transportation. The scheme of the Eastern & Western Transportation Company also promises a valuable new through route from the Northwest to the Atlantic. We call attention to and ask an investigation of the merits Of the narrow-gauge railroads, as much cheaper in their construction and operation than the Existing railways; of freight tracks or railways adapted especially to cheap transportation, and of tram railways laid upon the common highways of the country, which we believe can be done at a cost not exceeding that of macadamized roads. We recommend that efforts ,be made and persevered in until all railway corporations shall be subject, to the regulation of the General aud State Governments, so aB to insure the absolute and perpetual prohibition and prevention of extortionate charges and unjust dis--erHamarions. We recommend that all men who believe the rights of the people should be protected from the extortions and discriminations of transportation monopolies should unite in reforming the x Executive, Judicial, and Legislative Deragtinents of our National aud State Governments hyexciuding therefrom the proprietors and servants of such monopolies. We deprecate, finally, the practice of the Executive, Judicial, and Legislative officers in accepting favors from transportation corporations, whose interests are more or less in conflict with those of the people whom snch officers were elected to serve. The following resolutions were presented: Whereas, We recognize the raiiroads of the ,country as an effective means of developing its agricultural resources,'and a« having' an Interest m common and inseparable with the country through which they pass; arid Whereas, We have in times past fostered and aided them hv liberal charters and concessions, made by public and private parties, and still desire to encourage further development of the railway system: therefore. Resolved, That a fair degree of reciprocity would suggest that corporations having a common interest and public Hid should in turn endeavor to subserve the interests of the country through which they pass by charging fair rates for freight, and by the equitable and just treatment of all points along their lines. Resolved, That, on the contrary, railroad corporations in many instances have been exorbitant in their charges', have discriminated unjustly between localities, and have failed to respond to the generous grants of power and moneys that have been given them by onr National and local Governments. ‘ Resolved. That the system adopted and now practiced in the building' of railroads, the soliciting of st ock subscriptions froin individuals, corpora tionsand counties, and after receiving these subsidies to depress the value of said stock by forcing it upon the market and depressing its value to such an extent as to enable a few speculators to have control of the road, thereby depriving those who aided in its construction of aH voice in its management, increasing its cost four or five times above the amount it would have cost if those managing it in the outset had had the foresight to have hadjthe funds od hand at the start to build and equip the road, then requiring the pfhdflcer and* shipper to pay dividends upon the fictitious cost by charging excessive freight and passenger tariffs, operates most injuriously to the best interests of the farming class; and calls loudly for reform and restraint by adequate legislation. Resolved. That we recommend all farmers to withhold their votes and their aid from railway corporations, unless it he faliy conceded that corporations so aided are subject to regulations hv the power incorporating them, and will not. after receiving the advantages conferred hv public authority, claim the immunities of a private corporation. Resolved, That we indorse, and will support, the doctrine promulgated by some of OU# courts, that a railway corporation receiving and exercising the Slate’s right of eminent domain, and receiving aid raised by taxation from public authorities, has thereby accepted and admitted itself to he a corporation with a public function and subject to the power from which it has received it* charter in the limitation of its rates: and Resolved. That a railway being practically a monopoly. controlling the transportation of nearly all the country through which it passes, and that com. petition, except at-a few points, cannot be relied on to fix rates, that therefore It becomes the duty of the State to fix reasonable and medium rates, affording a fair remuneration to the transporters.and without being an onerous charge to the producer and oonsuiner. . , 1 • Resolved, That inasmuch as Belgium has succeeded in regulating the rates upon railways bv ' government lines, we ask an investigation of-Jhe proposition to control the rate* upon esie ting oil- ■■■ V

ways by trank linee, and controlled by the State authorities, and ran at uniform and cheap rates. Resolved, That the consolidation of parallel linns of railways is contrary to public policy, and should be prohibited by law. . Resolved, That whenever auMjaray corporation owns or controls a line or litres in two or more States,it la the right and duty of the General Government to regulate the rates of freight and fares upon such lines, under the constitutional power to regulate commerce between tbe States. Resolved, That we recommend a thorough qrganizn’lon of local, county and State organizations for the purpose of reforming these great abuses, and dealing equal and exact justice to ail men. Considerable discussion of the report ensued, when it was recommitted to the Committee, and returned, with amendments striking out the estimate of Quincy and Ferguson, and making the paragraph referring to Legislative control read as follows: “Railway corporations shall be subject to legislative control, so as,” etc. After a lengthy discussion the report as amended was adopted. , The Committee also recommended the adoptlon of a resolution enflorslngtlie James River and Kanawha Canal in connection with the improvement of the Ohio and Kanawha River*, and requesting: 'Congress to make appropriations therefor. The resolutions presented and recommended by the Committee were then unanimously adopted. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President—W. H. Jackson, of Tennessee. Vice-Presidents —D. Spurr, of Kentucky; A. Boyd,of Pennsylvania; Governor R. W. Furness, Nebraska; General Meredith, Indiana; W. Lawton, South Carolina; A. M." Garland, Illinois; Colonel Charleton, Tennessee; Norman Coleman, Mo.; J. K. Hudson, Kan.; C. C. Langdon, Ala.; Eli Wilson, Wis.; Column Younger, California; O. H. Jones, Georgia; G. M. Milliken, Ohio; O. S. Bliss, Vermont; W. S. King, Minn.; M. W. Phillips, Mississippi; W. N.Byers, Colorado; H.jL Walker, West Virginia; Henry E. Peyton, Virginia. Secretary—Charles VV. Greene, Term.; Treasurer—Joseph Pool, Indiana, The Congress decided to hold the next annual meeting on thesecond Tuesday in May, 1874, at Atlanta. Adjourned to the 30th. THIRD DAY. The Meteorological and Crop Report Committee presented resolutions/ which were adopted—approving the meteorological reports now furnished from Washington; urging upon Congress the extension of the system, so that the farmers could receive daily reports at all post-offices and railway stations; recognizing the importance of at national system of crop reports; indorsing the plan laid down by the late Commodore Maury, and providing for urging these points on the Government. A motion was made to take from the table the resolutions relative to donating public lands to Agricultural Colleges, but there was a large majority against the motion, and the resolutions were undisturbed. Resolutions were adopted regretting the death of Commodore Maury, pf Virginia, and Mr. McAllister, of Pennsylvania, late members of the Congress. The Constitution was amended so that each regularly-orgaiiized agricultural, horticultural, or other kindred association contributing $5 or more to the support of the Congress should be entitled to one representative, and establishing hereafter standing committees of the Congress. A motion to indorse the Western and Eastern Transportation scheme, being a railroad from Leavenworth, Kansas, to Port Royal, S. e., was reported to the Transportation Committee to report to the next Congress. General Jackson, of Tennessee, tbe new President, was installed, and, after returning thanks, said that, after a long period of apathy and criminal neglect of the most important interest of the nation, the cultivators of the soil, North and South, East and West, by cooperation with each other, had set on foot and fully organized the National Congress. Twenty-five States of the Union were represented at the meeting. They recognized in the Congress as constituted every form of society having for its purpose the advancement of agriculture and the protection of the farmer, whether known as Farmers’ Clubs, Associations, Gran ges of Husbandry, Farmers’ Unions, or by whatever name they might be designated. The representatives of these, including the National and State Boards of Agriculture aud Agricultural Colleges, would meet in the Congress on the common ground, to consult upon subjects of public import, and compare interests, and for mutual advancement and self-protection. Heretofore they had been an army at rout, each one for himself aud to himself, oftentimes pulling opposite directions, thereby neutralizing their strength. Their plan was simple, possible and feasible. By it the farmers of this broad land could exert the influeuce and power to which their aggregate numbers, about onehalf the population of America, their preperty, interests, and importance entitled-them. They should work up their States, and the watchword in all forms of Farmers’ Unions should be “Organize and Harmonize.” [Applause.] The Congress adjourned to meet at Atlanta, Ga., in May, 1874.

Cultivation of Sorghum.

A Pennsylvania farmer, WTiting to the New York Tribune upon some experiments on the cultivation of sorghum, says: So little has been said of late upon the cultivation of sorghum that I am tempted to believe that it has ceased to bq considered a matter of agricultural importance. However this may be, there are doubtless those who still grow it (or the kindred plant, Chinese sugar cane), and to such I would like to make a suggestion that will prove,' I think, of considerable practical importance. I would advise the breaking or otherwise marring the seed stalk or head so that seed could by no possibility mature, and by so doing necessarily exhaust a very large per cent, of the saccharine matter of the plant in the formation of th<f starch of the seed. I am led to make this suggestion from observations made while experimenting in syrup-making from the stalks of sweet corn. I found that by breaking off the incipient ears as they appeared, a far larger yield and a much richer sap was obtained than when the plant was suffered to mature its seed, and this would doubtless he the same with the plants referred to. Nor is this all; I think I may go further and predict that plants so treated would furnish a sap that would readify yield granulated sugar. To my apprehension the formation of the starch necessarily exhausts, to a great degree, that portion of the sap that crystal izes in sugar making. The true cane, as I understand, matures no seed, or is used before the seed is matured, its propagation being by suckers or sprouts. The sap of the maple will not make sugar after the buds start, though it yields a rich syrup; proving tnat the formation of lignin or wood fiber, which chemically is nearly identical with jtarch, exhausts that portion of the saccharine matter which previously crystallized. Both starch and lignin are readily reconverted into granulated sugar, differing, it is true, somewhat from common sugar being what is known as grape sugar, still, this very’ fact would seem to confirm the idea that in their formation nature used but some particular parts of the sap of the plant. —“Remarkable instances of canine sagacity' 1 are generally too much for us, but here is one related by an Eastern newspaper (which must, therefore, be true), and which has the - appearance of probability. “The other day,” so begins the newspaper, “a gentleman transacting business in this village, left his horse attached to a chaise tied under a shed. Remaining with the horse was a coach-dog, who took advantage of his master’s absence to enjoy a hasty nap in the vehicle. Im the meantime, the horse somehow broke away from hie fastening, and started off at a furious gallop. This awakened the dog, who at once realizing the state of affairs, attempted to seize the reins with his teeth, hilt was unable to do so owing to their being covered by an overcoat. Fortunately, however, the reins fell from the oarriage on to the ground, when the dbg, with singular presence of mind, leaped nimbly after them, caught, them in his mouth, reined the horse to a standstill, and held the reins firmly until he delivered them, with a graceful wag of the tail, to a stranger, whom, under ordinary circumstances, he would not have allowed to approach his master’s property,”

FARM AND HOUSEHOLD.

—When linen has become discolored, rinse it in a very blue water after washing, and let it remain in the open air all night. Repeat this treatment and exposure for several days, until it has become white. —Corns and Bunions.—Burn with caustic, after bathing; repeat if necessary. Another remedy: apply the pulp of lemon until the hard pulp can be removed. Cotton greased with linseed oil or turpentine is very good, as it softens the corn. , —The teeth, it should be impressed upon children, should be cleansed as well and nearly as often as the face—at least after each meal. The habit of taking care of the teeth should be early formed by the child, until it becomes as essential to its own comfort as cleansing any other part of the body. —Boiled Corn Bread,—Take two cups of corn meal, one of wheat flour, half a cup of brown sugar, one pint of sour milk, One and a half teaspoon of soda, one teaspoon pf salt. Mix well. 1 Put in a well buttered tin pail, cover tight and set in a ' .kettlb- of boiling water. Cover and• boil two hours. —Apple Meringue.—Pare, core and 1 stew ten tart apples in a very little water; season as for a pie and put in’* a fruit piedish into a not very hot oven. Beat up meanwhile the whites of four eggs as you would for icing, piling on the apples like rocks, avoiding the edge of the dish; re turn it to oven and nicely brown. Slip all out carefully by aid of knife or spoon into a China dish and serve with cream; but if you have not cream, make a custard of the yolks of the eggs, flavored with vanilla, etc.

—Paris Green for Vines.—lt is not generally known that Paris green mixed in the proportion of one part by measure to twenty-five parts of flour, will kill the striped bug from off cucumbers, squashes, muskmelons and other vines, except watermelons, the leaves of which latter are sometimes spotted if the mixture be used strongly! IT may be llustcd on from a slazy bag or dredging box. Usually too much of the powder is cast on; the slightest possible quantity "evenly distributed is sufficient, and ft should be applied in the morning while the dew lies on the plants.

—Permanent FlOWer Bedsr—To save t ime and labor est-reshaping flower beds every spring, when made in the sod, lay out the form you wish them, take off the surface to the depth of eighteen inches, cut The side straight down, set large, long shaped stones edgewise around, even and upright, supporting each other firmly, preserving the same height above the surface. The stones should stand six inches above; this will prevent the grass growing into the bed. Replace the sod to the height of one foot; fill up with soil and compost, raising the centre eighteen inches higher than the edge. Dressed up, and rich soil added every spring, you have a bed that will last over twenty years. The stone sides keep the roots moist, and enable them to stand the heat and drouth of summer., —Choosing Hatching Eggs.—Eggs for hatching should be chosen of the -Mraverage size usually laid by the hen they are from; any unusually large or small being rejected. Some hens lay largeeggs, and others small ones. A fat hen will always lay small eggs, which can only produce small and weakly chickens. Absolute size in eggs is, therefore, of but little impor tmice. .feXßad, short eggs are tiMally the best to select; very long eggs, especially if much pointed at the small end, almost always breed birdswith some awkwardness in style of carriage. Neither should rougli-shelled eggs be chosen; the}’ usually show some derangement of the organs, and are often sterile. Smoothshelled eggs alone are proper for hatching. It is a farce to suppose that the sex of a bird can be determined by the shape of the egg. Some time ago Dr. Mary E. Walker made application for a pension on account of disability incurred while performing duly as a contract surgeon wiffi the Union forces in the Southwest during the rebell ion. The disability of which she complained was weakness'of the eyes. The ease was investigated by the Commissioner of Pensions, who came to the conclusion that the disability was not contracted while she was a contract surgeon in the army, and therefore rejected her application. Consumption. —For the cure of this distressing disease there has been no medicine yet discovered that can show more evidence-of real merit than Allen’s Lung Balsam. This unequaled' expectorant for curing consumption, and all diseases leading to it, such as affec.tions of the throat, lungs, find all diseases of the pulmonary organs, is introduced to the suffering public after its merits for the cure of such diseases have been fully tested by the medical faculty. The Balsam is, consequently,- recommended by physicians who have become acquainted with its great success.

THE MARKETS.

NEW YORK, June 4,1878. BEEF CATTLE.. . .$ll.OO @512.00 HOGS-Live 5.25 @ 5.62'/, SHEEP-Live . 5.50 @ 6.50 COTTON—Middling 19 ® .19y FLOUR—Good to Choice 7.05 @ 8.05 WIIEAT-No. 2 Chicago 1,53 ® 1.55 CORN—Western Mixed .58 @ ..60 OATS—Western, New 45 @ .46 y % RYE—JVestcra... 95 @ .96 PORK-NewMess 16.50 @ 16.62'/, LARD OS%@ -081 s WOOL —Pulled. 33 @ .40 ' Tubbed 45 @ .50 CHICAGO BEEVES-Choice ,\ ...!..$ 5.75 @56.00 - Good —, 5.25 @ 5.50 Butchers’ 5t0ck...... 8.50 .@ 4.60 Cows and Heifers.... 3.50 @ 4.75 HOGS—Live 4.40 @ 4.50 SHEEP—Good to Choice 5.50 @ 6.25 BUTTBR-Choicfe 20 @ .30 EGGS-Fresh... : 13'/,@ .14 FLOUR—White Winter Extra... 8.00 @ 10.50 Spring Extra.... 6.00 @ 7,50 GRAlN—Wheat—Spring, N 0.2.. 1.24 @ 1.24/4 Corn—No. 2 37fc@ .38'/, Oats—No. 2 28*4® .29 Rye—No. 2 67*4® .68 Barley—No. 2, New... .70 @ .76 PORK-Mess 15.55 @ 15.62/, LARD 08%@ .0814 WOOL—Tub-washed .50 @ .52 Fleece, washed .37 @ .45 “ unwashed 28 @ .33 Pulled 34 ® .39 CINCINNATL FLOUR—Family, New $ 7.40 @57.75 WHEAT—Red.. , 1.55 @1.58 CORN 46 @ .47 OATS.... .1. 37 @ .48 RYE 78 @ .80 PORK—Mess 16.50 @ 16.75 LAKH... .08/*® .08/4 ST. LOUIS. BEEF CATTLE—Fair to Extra. ..$ 4.25 @ $5.40 HOGS—Live i 4.25 @ 4.75 FLOUR—FaII XX. 500 @ 6.00 /WHEAT—No...g. i gpring,., J . IM..@ l.a| CORN—No. 2Mixed. .37 @ .88'" OATS—No. 2.... 31 @ .31‘4 RYE-No. 2. 66 @ .68 PORK-Me 55............. 17.25 @ 17.50 LARD .:... ,06 @ .06/4 MILWAUKEE. FLOUR-Spring XX $6.25 @ $8.87 WHEAT—Spring, No. 1...; 1.33 @ 1.34 No. 2 1.25 @ 1.26 CORN-No. 2..... 37 @ .38 OATS-No. 2 29 @ .30 RYE—No. 2 .67 @ .68 BARLEY-No. 2 , 74 @ .75 ■CLEVELAND. WHEAT-No. 2 Red i $1.61 @ $1.62 CORN 52 ® .53 U ATS —No. 1.. *..i........ ■ v —.39—@ — .3914. r - DETROIT. WHEAT-No. 1...., $1.78 @51.79 Amber 1.59 @ 1.60 CORN-No. 1 44 @ .45 0AT5..... 38 @ .39/4 TOLEDO. WHEAT—Amber Mich $1.60 @ $1.60/4 No. 2 Bed 1.61 @ 1.62 CORN—Mixed .44 @ .44/4 OATS-No. 2.. ~. .88 @ .89 ■vy. ■ PITTSBURGH. BEEF CATTLE....,.., i... $5.60 @56.50 HOGS—Live ..‘.7., 5.26 @ 5.80 , BBBSP-14»..« 6,00 @ 8.00

Ask for PrUSslng’a Cider Vinegar and take" no other. Warranted to Preserve Pickles. Dooley’s Yeast Powder is the cheapest, but not lowest priced, Baking Powder. Elegant Biscuits, Hells, etc., prepared in a few minutes. Crippled Constitutions.' It is difficult to ruin a strong constitution. To weaken, injure or cripple this source of physical vigor and endurance is an easier task, and may always be accomplished by positively disregarding or violating certain hygeian laws, the observance of which is essential to the well-being of the body and to the sustainment of that vital force by which it is animated and supported. But a good constitution 1b wonderfully elastie, and even after it has been very hardly dealt with by its possessor, all its pristine vigor may be recovered if the proper course of treatment is adopted, llostettcr’s Stomach Bitters may bfi justly denominated a constitutional tonic. Not only does it improve the appetite, stimulate the stomach, tone and regulate the disordered liver and bowels and steady the trembling nerves, but it also (and, this is its most important effect) restores the stamina! strength of tho system, where it has given way under the pressure of excessive labor, exposure, privation, acute disease, fast living, a foul atmosphere, extraordinary heat or 4 any other cause. In summer the constitution is often severely tried by a long continuance of hot weather. Nothing -tells more heavily upon the sources of vital activity than solar beat, and hence the expediency ofreerniting and replenishing them -with a wholesome vegetable tonic, like Ilostetter’s Bitters, during the summer months. A Certain Remedy for Duofby can be found in Dr. Jayne's Alterative, it eradicate- 1 tile disease by stimulating the absorbents into healthy action, and assisting them ffl the performance Hrf' their natural functions. If you are thirsty, drink water; if you have Ague, take Shallenherger’s Antidote. The result will be allEeTalTsTactbry in both cases; Tryitr See, in another column, the advertisement headed “I will help any man."

WIDEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS, 11 please say yoa saw the advertisement in this paper. PAIN! PAIN!! PAIN!!! WHERE IS THY RELIEVER? Readers, you will find it in that Favorite Home Remedy, PERRY DAVIS’ Pain-Killer ! It has beeh tested in every variety of climate, and by almost every nation known to Americans. It is the almost constant companion and inestimable friend of the missionary and traveler, on sea and land, and no one should travel on our lakes or rivers without It. Its Merits are Unsurpassed. If you are suffering from INTERNAL PAIN. Twenty to Thirty Drops in a Little Water will almost instantly cure you. There in nothing eqiuilto it. In a few moments it cures Colic, Cramps, Spasms. Heartburn, Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Flux, Wind in the Bowels, Sour Stomach, Dyspepsia Sick Headache. It Cures Cholera, when All Other Remedies Fall. Xt gives Instant Relief from Aching Teeth. In sections of the country where FEVER AND AGUE prevails, there is no remedy held in greater esteem. %2TFvr Fever ami Ague— Take three teaspoonfuls of the Pain-Killer-hi about half a pint of hot water, well sweeteneu witluHHilasses, as ~ue attack is couHng on, bathingTreely the chest, back and bowels,with ihe medicine at the same time. Repeat the dose in twenty minutes If tae first dose does not stop the dull. Should it produce vomiting (and it probably will if the stomacn is very * >ul), take a little Pain-Killer in GOitt water, sweetened with sugar, after each spasm. Perseverance in the above treatment bus cured manv severe and obstinate cases of this disease. WHEN USED EXI'EENALLY. ASA LEXEVENT, nothing gives quicker ease in Burns , Cuts,-Bruize a. Sprains, Stings from Insect* and Scalds.. It removes the fire, and “the wound heals;'dike- ordinary sores. Those suffering with RHEUM A TlsM , GOUT or NEIRALGIA, if not a positive cure, they find the PainKiller gives them relief when no other remedy will. Every House-Keeper should keep it at hand, and apply it on the first attack of any Pain. It will give satisfactory relief, and save hours of suffering. Do nottrirte with yoursefves by testing untried rem* edies. Be sure you call for the PAIN-KILLER. SaTDirecUons accompany each bottle. Price 25 cents, 60 cents and SI.OO per Bottle J N. HARRIS CO., Cincinnati, O. Proprietors for the Southern and Western States. K*f"For sale by all Medicine Dealers. PJkMni AH Y can readily secure a Sewf ß lvll*l IIT Machine, watch, Parlor kiwi I kw I Organ, Piano, or some useful and valuable article and at the ■t mh k m Kpi same time make good cash |U| t kl | wages while getting up clubs if 1 r Wm | for Our Fireside Friend, ui>on their hew plans, and’ nowTs“ the time to do it because of a mm their new and extra offer to A I subscribers. Large cash wages §% I and the best outfit, To take advantage of the new plan you must apply at once. Write for ftlnllL particulars immediately to fIUMI" WATERS & CO., PubllvlVllil Haliers, Chicago, HI. The Best is the Cheapest. PROCTER & GAMBLE S! ■ MOTTLED GERMAN SOAl’. This Soap has oeen soia-for more than 18 years. g It is economy to buy it, as it is sold at the price of C ordinary soaps, and does mot e service, being y harder, will not wa&te, yet washes easy. You can B buy it Of ~your neare st grocer. I This soap is packed Honestly. Can you | afford to pay for what you «lo not receive i £ ORDER FROM f Chicago and Milwaukee Wholesale Grocers, t for a Trice List to .T. 11. JOIIXSTON, Snilthficld St., Pittsburgh,Pa. Breech-Loadfng Shot GUns, S4O to S3OO. Double Shot Gifns.sß to $l5O. Single Guns, $3 to S2O. Rifles, $8 to $75; Revolvers, $6 to s‘2s. Pistols $1 to SB. Gun Material, Fish Ii >g Tackle, & e .Large ftrsrornrts tn dealers nr chtbs. ArmyGuns,Revol vovs.ete..bought or traded for.Gooda sent by express C.O.D. to be examined before paid for. PAINTER’S Manual, a complete practical A guide to house, and feign painting, grainun;. var nishing. polishing, kalsomining, paper hanging, i. 'lei* ing, staining, gilding,glazing,silvering,glass st:iini;..c analysis of coi'ors, rumnony, eontriisf, etc. 50 ets-t-II ANd’lY <fc CO., 119. Nassau St.. N. Y. THEAJECTSR with the Gmn? 'fga War ranted to suitTrli taste?,-For s-.ile everywhere. And for sale whole sale only by the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea C0.,191 Fulton-st.ami U & 4 ChurCh-st, N..Y. P. O. Box 5506. Send for Thea-Nectar circular “AMERICA! SAWS,” BEST IN TliK WORLD. IIIOVABL,S«TOO^II ED t * Rf UT.ARH, PJEIIFOItATtNi CFOSS CUT.S. Send for R.midilotto AMERICAN ,S*W (<?., Mft.V YORKerties of Crab Orchard fpgfl Iff Springs of Ky. Has no equal IS uUgUIP mtarfin Nausea, Headache, Dys- Ipl I*pppaia. Costivenesa, Bilious |li| hK^lDißeases andiUfl incident tof|« 1* 'HmTSn hot weather. Eest laxative fcmdt ° t^lG .world. Bold by allMJj HUEA.—TEA AGENTS wanted in town and country -1 to sell TEA, or get up club orders, for the largest Tea Company in America , importers' prices ana inducements to agents. Send for circular. Address, ROBERT WELLS, 43 Vesey Street, New York. -djK <tJOA per day! Agents wanted! All classes of IU ip/iU workingpeople, of either sex, young or old, make more money at work for us in their spare ' moments or all the'time than at any thing else. Partie nlars free. Address G. Stinson & Co., Portland, Mai' * $. AAA REWARD I II II I For any case of Blind I Bleeding, Itching or Ulce I II || I rated Piles that Dk Bing’s 111 I>ILR Remedy fails to ■ || II | cure. It is prepared ex H | || || | pressly to cure the Piles, i 1 1 and nothing else. Sold by 7 -att Druggists. Price I 1.0& llToward Association, Philadelphia, Pa. An inXA stltution having a blgb reputation for honorable conduct and professional skill. Acting Surgeon, J. b. o H f°cS ol lVdV?,s IMS A 8 s'ffcLXTION /no! 2 South Ninth street, Philadelphia, Pa. TTenoh SMnnipinK, Pat t ero,.-&oop Fall “8 n tra?ti”nlfac ILge“sent,bY 1 Lge“sent , bY mall for Latest S4O frno rtA BACH WKBX-ABKNTS WANTED. JMAvU Boalneas legitimate. Partlrailan tn*. V , i W OBTH. St. XiOOil. Mo. BOX Mil.

3IOTIIEKS! 3IOTHERS!! MOTHERS!!! - vou’t fall to procure OIKS. WINS* I/LOW’S SOOTHING SYKUP FOIL CHILDREN TEETHING. Tins valuable preparation lias been used with NEV-EU-’r 1 AILING B.UCCKXB IN THOUSANDS OF CASES. It not only relieves the cbllcl from pain, but in vizorates the stomach and bowels, corrects acidity, ana gives tone and energy to the whole system It wili iiso tustaiitly reli'evo Griping in the Bowels and Wind Colic, We believe it the BEST imff SURESTIHpIjEBY _Tg ~mit'Wt rßivDrtu :rVI —t-aaeß «f - DYSEN 1 El l\ AND ~ Ml a !.*? ’ll 1 1 1 ", Al \ ( HILDKICN. whether arising from ‘(■•■thing or nnv other cause. Depend upon it, mothers, it will give rest to .■lvi s and Belief and Health to Your Infanta Be sure ami call foi - ‘MBS. WINSLOW’S SOOTHING SYBUF,' 1 ■ Having the fio-simllb of “CURTIS & PERKINS” oq the oatsj.de wrapner. 7!r riggi.s t sTh rougtimrt-th e wort dr CON^^IOH Anri Its Cure. WILLSON’S Carbolated Cod Liver Oil Is a scientific combination of two well-known medicines Its theory Is first to arrest the decay, then build up the system. Physicians find the doctrlnecorrect. The really startling cures performed by Will Bon’9 (m are proof. _ t + Carbolic Acid positively arrests Decay It Is. the most powerfulxmtiscptic in the known world. Entering into the circulation, it at once grapples with corruption and detay ceases. It purifies the sources of Crtii7* B |w'r Oil fs Nature's best assistant In resisting Consumption. Put up In larffe wedge-allaped botUe^ bearing tlie inventor’s signature, .and la sold by tUe best Druggists. 1 repared by J. H. WHjIiSON, W.i Joint Street, New Yorß* ■ - Tr»,tc Ma, .l.Von. Lthii ilnflpg Ills night with Cholera Morbufri and In Koth iusThaocs volir RJttkr 1 * gave almost immediate relief, and effectliaHv cured her without other medical aid. It also ucts powerfully outlie Blood, and thus purifies the Bvstem—fnr hc life*is-ia-th^BUkhl." 1 -therefor® beartllj reconimend it to all as a necessary family medicine which is at all times ready for use. JOHN G. FUITIHEY, Pastor of the Gert Han Reformed Church, Lancaster, Pa. We elto the above "ns an evidence of the lIOBIR HF.IM’TATIOIf--of fIISHLEH'H IIKHH, HITTKHM. It is not only kept in almost every family, but every one is familiar with its merits. In every emergency it is the Reudy Remedy at once called into requisition ; and such is its proved success, that our people regard it oa THE GREAT IHUHEJIOLD REMEDY, Al.ways prompt, certain and safe; it never disappoints. The* ‘‘Messenger of Health" is furnished gratuitously to Druggists and Country Storekeepers for distribution, or will be scut free, by mail, on'application to HR. 8. B. HARTMAN Si CO., Lancaster. W & I AM »ELIGHTEDp^« U would not be without it for ten times Us sub--4k scrlption price. RichardVailES, T1 1 Kearney J unction, Buffalo Co.. Nubrayka. 9 V, The above is a fair sample of hundreds of letters received by the St. Louis Midland Farmer, the cheapest and handsomest agricultural and family journal in this country; eight pages, forty columns, FIFTY CENTH A YEAH, Clubs of ten for $4. Two sample copies of different dates for three cent stuuin. It is giving perfect satisfaction everywhere. Try it. Address BOWMAN A MATTHEWS, Publishers, ft 14 N Third Street, Bt. Louis, Mo. 13,000,000 ACHES! Cheap Farms! the cheapest land ix harket, for sals by tbs UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY, In tbe Gjsbat Platts Valley. 3,000,000 Acres in Central Nebraska Now for sale in tracts of forty acres and upwards or FIVE AND TEN YEARS’ CREDIT AT 6 PERCENT. NO AJ> VANCE fNTEKESTMIEQUIRED. Mild and healthful climate, fertile soil, an ABUNDANCE OF GOOD WATER. THE BEST MARKET IN THE WEST! The great Miuing region B-of Wyoming, Colorado, UtahandNe-. viAla, being supplied by the farmers in the Plattb Valley. Soldiers Entitled to a Homestead oi 160 Acres. THE BEST LOCATIONS FOB COLONIES. FREE HOMES FOR ALL! Millions of aobbs of choice Government Lands open for entry under the Homestead Law, near this Great Railroad. with good markets and all the conveniences of an ola settled country. Free passes to purchasers of Railroad Land. Sectional Maps,ishowing the Land, also new edltloa of Descriptive Pamphlet with new Maps Mailed Free Everywhere. Address. O. F. DAVIS, Land Commissioner V. P. B. 8.. Omaha, Nxb. CHEAP FARMS IN lOWA. Upon application to the undersigned, there will be mailed to any address, post-paid, a new Railroad Map of lowa and a pamphlet containing £ mal ina Pi description, terms of sale, etc., of SWM)OO acres of the finest agrlculturallands In the btate. These lands are. near co, ?P le l e< !*. thr °??2,= l railroad, between the important cities of Des Moines and Council Blufli, and to the midst of a large popu'U 'ITiey are offered to actual settlera at very low nrlres and on terms tosuit allclassts. FtbIDRINGTICKETS, entitling a nurclioserofiamitoa return of railroad fare, are sold at the Companv’sticket offices at Chicago and other principal stations. Address j. l. DREW, Land Commissioner, Chicago, Rook Island & Pacific R. R. Co., Davenporf, lowa. I WILL HELP ANY MAN to secure, in either. lOWA or HSSftUKA, ttie best of rich prairie farming lands, on more favorable lermsi and wJttßtetWTf inducements and accommodations for getting there and making a good start, thAU cari be found in any other direction. Full and reliable Information sent by mail, free of charge. T. H. JDEAVTTT, Burlington, Icrigi* WORKING CLASB.^tKS^ i *SA ble employment,atTiome, day or evening; nocaptal requiM etl; full insfructiona and valuable package of goods3ol9 by mad. fi ddmss. with six cent return stamp, T * VO «TNG & 16 New Yoxk. J A, N ‘4O7—R. Jlotos2oSife'H£ s