Rensselaer Republican, Volume 27, Number 48, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 6 August 1896 — Page 7

SILVER IN MEXICO.

HOW THE CARTWHEEL DOLLARS MELT AWAY. Nowhere Aye Beggar* ‘More Numerous, or Squalor and Wretchedness , More in Evidence— A Bagged and Poorly Housed People. The. advocates of the free and unlimited t c(»inage of silver, and Mr. TownO in partir, are of late given to holding up tin moneta ry-s.vstem of Mexico; and the conditions there as illustrations of the blessings of free silver. It is doubtful if there is a nation on the face of the g!ob<‘ \v)»eio more poverty is seen in all its parts the nation/than can be f<Aintb in Mexico. It is. \more than probable, however,-that neither Mr. Towne nor his friends have taken the time to familiarize themselves with the conditions of the people of that free silver republic. When they say the Mexican \Vage earner is in a more, prosperous condition than those of this country they do not fail to exhibit their utter ignorance Of the question. Anyone who knows anything at sll on lhe subject khows there is not a syllable of, truth in uuch statements. Mr. Townq is reported to have said a few days since, at St. Louis, Jliat Mexico was a niuch more prosperous country than the United States, and cited as the cause for this the fact that Mexico was on a free silver basis. It is not understood hen* that r Mr. Towne has ever spent much time in that country—he has ever, Leon there at all. The testimony of those who have spent months and years in that country is entitled to at least even weight with those who have never been across the Southwestern frontier. The h'ev. Francis E. Clark, president of the Society of Christian Endeavor, a jgvntlonian of observation and the integrity, has lately completed a journey of 2500 miles in ,Mexico, writes as follows concerning conditions as he found them: Free silver, after all. does not make, a Terrestrial paradise in every respect. The traveler is reminded of that in many ways. The Mexican cartwheel dollar melts away in a surprising fashion when it cohie to bnyinv v lint an American considers the t»ccc**ai i<*s of life. For- instance, when the colored porter of (lie Pullman buffer car brings you the bill of fare it almost takes your breath to sec Hie. .prices •charged for various’ comestibles. For instance, two boiled eggs cost .”.0 centst. while three Fray be obtained for the moderate sum o! -10 cents. Bread and butter Is 20 cents, a cup of tea or coffee costs the same priii'. while a sandwich may be hail for no Jess’ Of course (he eye of a Bostonian would seek the price <■-< the succulent and nutritious baked bean, and he is surprised io lind that it requires -to reat.c , vom (rents) tp pay for the dish for which his muii’ripailty is famed. A small bottle <»f a(’po’liuaris water costs 50 cents, and other- ‘hiiiga arc in proportion. Hesintig a light lunch on one occasion In the City of Mexico. I bought a small package of sweet biscuit, about halt a pound j‘n all. which might have cost 15 vents ,in “America.” ayd was surprised that my hill amounted to ST cents. It should be remarked, however, that if one is content to live tn Mexican style prices are. not exorbitant A good room in .the l est Mexican hotels for one or two peop e < air be had for from -51 to $-1 a day (Mexi an . aril board (if you can stand the 'cx< < ruble cooking of the country) is —from Vl Jn yj nmrp. L_ TTw silver fff hi is” — Mexico has not as' yet found its way to any great extent ‘i to the pockets of the poor people. AVag'es are evidently on the highest sort of a g.o'd basts. A number of my friends Told me That they pay their cooks about >5 a mouth. about one-quart er the price of su»-h labor in the States. In the country districts an abh'-bodivd num earns .$(» (Mexir. ti) a month (|3 American) and his board, while a- fair day’s wages in city A or country for i laboring man is 50 cents (Mexican): Nowhere are beggars more numerous, or squah.r and in —wi- ■ <iciiv-< than In prosperous Mexico. The railway stations are thronged with almost raked children, holding out grimy hands, while their pitiful and jnpHdtonous wail. “t’rntavos,” “Centavos.” reminds out* .of lhe “Backsheesh,” •’BarkslW'vsii.” of Egypt and Syria. Indeed, tin* condition of (ho common people se«*ms ,_not .one whit hotter than that of the fel'.ahin of Egypt or the pariahs of India In • many .respects the condition of those widely separated dues is strikingly similar. They live in the same kind of mud houses. They tire clad in similar ihvttoring. picturesque rags— except the rags of Mexico seem a little mure ragged than those of lhe East. Their feet are shod with the same kind of .sandal, a flat piece of rough leather, botind or with a leather tliQi’g There is one difference, however, the red fez of Egypt and the white turban of Ind’p. in Mexicii gives way to the great jsombiyro on which every ’ .Mexican who has a spark of Holf-respect prides himself. in the matter'of headgear, this Oriental country of the O* ident has tin' advantage of the sister nations of the East. Its “tile” is truly a -magnificent one. it sometimes costs $100; very frequently from X2'> to $:;0. Often a mounted Mexican may bo seen galloping across the dry plains__ivjß»sr overshadowing sombrero is worth more than all the rest of the outfit—coat and shirt anil trousers and horse and saddle. Hundreds of thousands of Mexicans live in houses which •could bo built for $lO in American money. and their whole wardrobe. minus the sombrero, would come high at “two bits.” I am speaking, of course, of* th<' peons, the peasant class. There is another class of Mexicans, of whom I cannot write In this paper, who live in beautiful houses, surre»unding le>v»»ly patois, e>r inner courtyard gardens built very much ns were' the houses of ancient Pennpeii. These Mexicans are' jmlite. gen'erons. hospitable. . full of pager hopes for their country, "ami patriotic to the last <ie'gree\ It is a rm-e* with large' possiljiiitie?u aiiei a hopeful future. Is free' silve r the good genius of the' T» A |ud»lic? I will h ave it In timineners t v » «ay I sinudy re«-oid the' of a traveler.

"Standard” Illustrated.

Thcfe never has been, there never can be. ii lomiuunity in which yeople will accept IS inches and 3G inches indifferently as a yard. Either 3(1, inches will be .demanded by everyone, dr that standard will pass out of n e and IS inches will be tin' universal standard or measure of a yard. Tb< re never has been and there never will be a community in which 100 cents a’.id 50 cents will !>&.accepted indifferently for the same commodity. Either the commodity will sell everywhere for 14X) cents or it will sell everywhere* for 50 cents. There has never been and there will never be a Community in which gold and silver coined without limit will circulate as equals—-that is at bar. The 100 cents-gold—will flow out to be more profitably employed, leafing the field to 50 cents —silver. As a measure or standard of valtfe gold stands for 100 cents and silver for 50 cents in the actual rtdatioisof the meta Is—tba-t—is, in their pitreha sing- power. We _ean have either standard alone. We cannot have the two standards, at the same time for the same reason that yen cannot maintain a yard measure 311 inches long at the same time as a yard measure 18 inches long. We are now on the yard standard or measure of 3(1 inches—gold. What is to be gained by going to the IS-im-hes yard measure or standard—silver? Is it better to have 50 cents’* worth of a good thing than 100 cents’ worth of it? —Chicago Times-Herald.

A Straw.

South Bend, Jud., July 29.—A vote was taken on silver and gold today in the wagon plant of the Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing company. After the workingmen prepared their ballots, and they were collected, it was found that gold received 709 votes and silver 282. Seventy-seven were doubtful. Plurality for gold was 427, and a majority of 3541. Forty-seven Polish'? workmen are employed in one department. ami* thirtyseven of them voted against free silver.’

Putting Them To the Test.

New York Miiil and Express: This third ticket movement is putting to the test the sincerity and consistency of the .fiimdi-vauuted Democratic sound money sentiment in certain conspicumm quarters. These so-ca|led sound money Itrmimti know- that every vote for McKinely is a vote for sound money and national honor. Sound money with protection. under McKinley, stands against free silver inflation ana Vpudiation. the emusculation of the Federal aaverijincut

and the Supreme cojurL the c.mtisfation of railriaui. telegraph ami telephone properties. ah<l varione other radical iltiiovatiotis. with fr< ★ trade Or so-called tarifij reform, under the .free* silver-Populistic candidate. Which will they choose? They know that every |votc diverted from McKinley means 0> much added strength 1 to Bryan. All argument ijside, to vote o>r Mi Kinley is plniiii.v the simplest ami surest way of thwsirtii.tjg.-thc frei' silver-! Populistic revolntiiHmTy movement.

FARM PRODUCTS.

Price? Have Pallets Itecause of lucreaaed Pre«luetioi| in All Parts of tlse World. Q.-4s it true that the price of wheat ami many other farm products has fallen heavily? A.—lt is. Q. — How are such declines;, in when;, for instance, to ‘ be explained? _A.--By the enormously rapid increase irf grain growiisg area througliout the world. o,—Has this'increase been espei ially rapid since 1872? A.. —The increase in grain growing area in this period, especially ih North Anierica. South America and Asia, has never been approached in any equal period iy the history of the world. Q.—How do we judge of sictual competition in the sale' of wheat? A. —By tlse supplies, thrbxvh annually ou the world’s great distributing markets. </.—What market in particular? A.— England; where most of the buying nations go to purchase their grain. Q. What are the figures? A. As recently as 1880 Llgi’at Britain imported, for consumption ami re-export. 55.261,924 hundredweight of wheat —a large increase over the preceding annnai average. In 1895 it imported 81.749,955 hundredweight. Q. What has made possible this remarkable increase in wlieat production? A. Tl* exceedingly rapid development of transportation facilities in newly cultivated grain countries: among them ’lndia. Russia and the Argentine Republic. &. Has there been an increase ip the I’nited States itself? A. An enoromus increase.

Q. How large? > A. In 1875 there wer 26.381.512 acres of wheat cultivated- in this country: in 1891 there were 39.916.897. an increase of 50 jhu' cent. Tile yield in 1875 was 292.136,000 bushels, a heavy increase over preceding, years. In 1891 the yield was 611,780,000. Even hist yhar with a greatly and a. partial crop failure, the yield was 467,100.000 bushels. Q.—Has the yield of other crops increased correspondingly? A. —-It has. Q.—(Jive instances. A. —The cultivated area of corn in the United States in 1871 wa5_34.091.137 acres: in 1891 it was 76.204.515; increase. 124 pef cent. The yield of corn last year was jnore than double that of any year prior to 1875. Both the acreage and the average annual yield of oats have doubled since 1871. Onr eertton crop in 1894-was 50 per cent, greater than in any year prior to 1887. • • Q. — Was a decline in graiW ami cotton prices under such conditions inevitable? A.—As inevitable as a decline in the price of T’ibthing or furniture or books (>r steel rails or nins when competition in their manufacture has extended enor- 1 ’ mously. Q. —Wor.ld free coinage help the producers of grain to a large profit under sjtch conditions? A. —Not in the least. K ' O.—Why not,? A.—Because if the noiniiial price of grain were to rise through inflation of the currency, the -price. <if overytltlntf olse would rise alsor and the farmer would be relatively no better oft’ tfian he was before. —New York Evening I’ost.

No Blank Cartridges.

Gen. Daniel E. Sickles of New York, a life-long Democrat and a brave soldier who lost a leg at (let'tysburg. is one of the men who cannot find it in his heart to support the I’opocratic ticket, nor .vet to throw his vote away. Gen. Sickles anmuimTs his own iirogrntnine in words which cannot fail to find an echo in tunny another old soldier, who is also,an honest Democrat. He savs in a letter to Maj. L. Edwin Dudley: ‘ Il Is fortunate that one ‘of the great political parties has named a candidate for the presidency whose admirable military record every souller looks upon with admiration and pride, and for whom he may east Ills vote, without hesitation, assured that in doing so lie is promoting tile best Bterests of the reanblie. ■ „ 1 know Maj. ifeKinte-y very well. He is' n man of rectitude and honor, l oon the practical and pressing issues of the day he stands for all that Americans must uphold. White I do not agree with some of his political views. 1 anj far more widely separated from the ruinous platform of his adversaries. As President, chosen as tie Will be by tile votes of men of all'parties, his (•lection will not be li partisan trlunipli, 444 s -a4n»i-iu.stvattton- wiU~ guaßintee ;>ul>;ie credit and public decorum and Order, now threatened by a conspiracy of anarchists, Populists and socialists Gen. Sickles’ conelusiou is put with soldjerly frankness. He says: You and I and our comrades are not ae--Customed to use blank cartridges in presence of ini enemy; therefore I don't prpposc to throw away my vote on any third cami,i (late. Nor are we in tile habit of withholding ouii tire when assailed; therefore I don't mean to stay at home and not vote at all. I shall give a patriotic vote for my comrade. Maj. McKinley, believing that in so doing I am repeating wh it I did in '(>4. when, as a war Democrat. I voted for Lincoln and the I nion Other Deiuoerats will prefer indirect methods of nccotnpiixhitig the saane purposes. But "no blank cartridges” will be the watchword of the majority.

A Deadly Parallel.

Bringing the ’’deadly parallel" method of criticism to bear upon the platform of the Democratic party as adopted at Chicago seems to prove its framers guilty either of culpable ignorance or deliberate deceit. Consider the following: Extract from thel Extract from the, platform: _ ''' ■ _jaet_ of Congress ap\Ve TlematuT tliat t be! proved Fetmurry 2.8. standard silver dollar 1878: „ Shall be full legal ten-i There shall be tier, equally, with gold coined al the several’ fora'll debts public or'mints of the I'r.lteJ private. States silver dollars of the weight of •112*, * grains troy stainllard silver., as provided In the net of January IS. 1.837. on which be devices and superscriptions as provided by said act, whii-li coins, together with all silver dollars heretofore coined by the I’ntted States of , like weight and idleness. shall be .a legal tender nt their nominal value for all debts public or private, except where otherwise expressly stipulated in tlie contract. That part of the act of 1878 Ims never .beeti-repea led or modified ami is the law of the land today. To demand what they must know is already a law is the most barefaced political jugglery. There never has been a time since the organization of this government. except between February 14, IS7l’>, says a writer (when the trade dollar was substituted for the standard dollar, sometimes styled “the crime of ’73”). mid February 18. 1878, when the standard dollar was restored to our currency, that the standard dollar such as isMNHtied today has been in any way. or to she smallest extent! limifisl in its legal tender value. Whether a tliau has owed $5 or $5,000,004). there has never been it time when the standard silver dollar ((ever since 1837 of 412% grains stnudnrd silver) was by law otic of our silver coins tlint tender of the amount of such debt, large or small, in silver dollars would not bar a suit for nonpayment of such debt. As legal tender, and only ns legal tender. has legislation anything to do with money. But the more important functions. that of a measure of values, is the one with which the grtmt mass of voters of this country is concerned, nuy. that in which every man. woman and child hns ii deep interest, and it is this interest which is being criminally jeopardized by such boldly false insinuations ns is the demand above quoted. ____________ *• ' • * '*’• —The grave of John Fitch, who is said to have first applied steam to navigation on the Western rivers, is unmarked hy any stone in an old cemetery in Nelson county. Ky. —Henry Labouchere. recently refrtred an invitation from a high authority f) join the English Conservative club.

SILVER’S EFFECT ON RAILROAD MEN

flow it Would Reduce the Wages ot a Million Employes. New York Herald:’ “I can't argtto the case like you." said the hired man. "but I know that if Bryan is elected you will hftve to pay rite sl6 for mowing this lawn instead of the $1 you now pay me." Eor many years we Americans have l>ee;i pluming ptn-selves on the fa*t that "the schoolmaster is abroad." ,If this hired man were the representative of any considerable class of laborers we might well wish that the Schoolmaster wonhi eouie home ami attend to business in the agricultural districts during this presidential campaign. It Would, however, be tin inrult to the intelligemv of tin? working masses t<> assume that their type is' to be found in this thick-skulled mower of lawns. About 42 per cent- of all the productive laborers_(rf„iliis countr.v are' directly depemlent upon the cnlti(’iition of the soil, lind these people, if they are made to fairly understand the issue, titay be trusted to vote for what is honest and right. Numbers of Railroad Men, ‘ Next to tillers of tie soil the hugest group of is made up of those in the transportation industry—the railway employes. In thy state of New Y’ork alone ;I te about 60.000 of these, and. taking in the whole country, they number about 1.900.000. or not far from 10 per cent, of the entire voting population. The various grades of railway workers have their s'everai organizations, and these are stuilying the effects of free silver, as is evident from the numerous letters that reach the Hefald asking for information: ami we will state here a few suggestive facts by way of general reply. The vast army of railway toilers would suffer more hardship than perhaps any otljhr class by unlimited coinage of 53-’?-cnt dollars. All wage-earners. of Course, would be ilistressed because all ■the necessities of lifeayould imniidliately double in price, while wages would be slow to rise, and would riiake up for the increased cost of living. But the railway worker would find it pai'tienl.arly iKtrd to secure an advance of wages, because his employer, the railway corporation. would its.elf bo so hurt by the change in .the currency that it might be unable-, to cpmpiy. with the reasonable demand of its employes.

Why It Could Not. "Hu’ why?" msks the l>rakeman; ‘ v.'hy would tile railway company not bo ia as good a position to advance wages as any other employer?" Eor a very simple reason. Tlie merchant and the mauufaettirer can jnstantly mark up the price of their 1 goods to offset the lowered value of the dollar, but you. as a brakeman, have no gqods to sell. NVjiat you sell is your service, your labor, ami you know front experience that this cannot be mprked tip as a mei'chant c.in reticket a plebe of (loth. Now. your employer, the railway Company, is like yourself, a person—nn artificial person, created by law—ami. like yourself, it lias notiiin'g to sell but its services in transporting passengers and goods. More than this, it is under control of tlie state that created it. ami cannot. like yourself, quit .work if it doesn't like ,the pay: it is eoinpelled to keep on .vorking or forfeit its very existence. With a 53eent legal tender dollar in virenkitioh the railway would naturally have to accept its pay in those dollars, and its in -nine would thereby be cut down nearly onehalf. But when it attempted to double its ( linrges in order to "even up" the dullar. yoti khirtv ivlliit. it triupest r>f oppo.m tion would arise, particularly in tgrietilfuraLcomniunlties. and the legisl.t tores would make the company paitifnlly aware that it is under control of , the states if traverses. The railway, like, yourself, would find the cost of -ill its supplies nearly doubled, but it would have to fight for every fraction of a ( ent in advance in its rates for transportation. Wheii.y(,>u lind your fellow workers find living has doubled you will'nfilurally demand double MTrgesiDut how will you get thign,?,. You can't get bloqfl out of a turnip. A vote for Bryan would he a vote to ent your own wages in half, and is you are not a fool we are sure that you ami all the rest of .the million railwiy employes will vote for an honest dollar.

How Bryan Has Flopped.

Bryan has not always been a free silverite. There was a time when he did not believe the pUrehasillg power of the (loHar could be regulated by art of ('ingress. The financial ideas he advocates now were not, those he advocated only a few years ago. During the extraordinary session of Congress of 1893. (-ailed by President f’levellmd. Bryan made a .speech in which Ire -derlaved-that—-While the government can say .that a given weight ot' gobi or silver sliall constitute a dollar and invest that dollar with legal tender qualities, it (-annot tlx the purchasing power of the dollar. That must depend upon tire lawot supply and 'ieinaiid. If the number of dollars increases more rapidly, than the need of dollars—as it ltd after the gold discoveries of lS4s>—the ..v----cliangealile value of each dollar Wil! fall and prices rise. - . There was a time, therefore, when Bryan knew that the exchangeable v title of a dollar depended on something besides congressional fiat. He knows it now. He has not changed his tun • l>»»r-.inse hf titty flew light on the subject, but !>•■- cause he is a shifty demagogue in search of an oili'.-e.

At present Bryan, like his fellow Popoera ts,, ascribes the fall in the prices of commodities to the fall in the price of silver. He and they asseverate that ’•the crime of 1873" pulled silver down, ami that it pulled everything else down with it. ,In the wiring of 181)2 Bryan <!>•••;•!rod in speech made by him on the tariff question that the fall in prices must be attributed— , '1 o the inventive geniUs that has multiplied a thousand times, in ma ny instances, the strength of a single arm. ,-itrd, enabled us' to- do today with one man Wh.it tis t v men could not do fifty years ago. That is what brought the prices down in this ,-ouii. try* and everywhere. Then he talked sensibly. ‘Tventive genius," reducing the cost of.prodm tjon or transportation. or both, has brought down the price of abput everything except human hriibr. That is imre using in value from decade to decade. Bryan is as. well awitre now as he was in 1892 that the fall of silver has had nothing to do with the general fall ol prices. Yet he denies in "189<> what lie affirmed in 1892. because he thinks his change of front will help him into the white house. —Chicago Tribune.

Admittedly a Populist.

The I’opnlist party has derived its -energy ami until this year has obtained its,: leaders chiefly from the RepttbHvans. Populism is extreme aniLi’abid Rcjlttb-” lic.mism. with a mixture Of Socialism' ami secessionism. ' We have William J. Bryan's own woril for it in 1893 and 1.894 that he was m> longer a Democrat ami that he had become a Populist. In addition to this w*> have the testimony of his friends at the St. Louis conventions of hist week that Im i- a Populist ami not a Demm rat Settntoi Stewart. Republican silver Plutocrat <d Nevada, said to the silver convention: 1 know William .1. Bin an. HE BE LIEVES WHAT WE BELIEVE HE IS NOT A DEMOCRAT I.X GOOD AND BEG I LAI! STANDING. Judge. (Ireeti id' Nebraska said to tile Populist convention: I kiiolv Mr Bryan. I know lilm personally. Hr Is my friend, and 1 sav to von HE IS AS TIH E A POPE!.IST AS VO! OR 1 It will lie seen, therefore, that there is no Democratic candidate for the pn-si-dem-y in the field as yet.—Chicago Chronicle tDern.l.

Ruined by Drouth.

It is estimated that the drouth it New Mtiuth Wales hns caused the iosr of 9.S4MMMM) sheep. This catusfrophe. to gether with the comiequeitt reduction in the nirmber of lambs in the next breed ing 'season, will make a greal differemn to the supplies of mutton amd. wind foi time, year und next.—Philadelphia Ledgcr’ ’• —The Salvation Army have taken thi Royal Agricultunil hall. for an exhibition. Over 104)0 staff operativesand employes will take part.

AGRICULTURAL NEWS

THINGS PERTAINING TO THE FARM AND HOME. ■'•• ■ ■ ’ . The Farmer Should Put a Fair Value op His Time and Labor—Be Eq pal to Any Emergency —Value of Timely Cultivation—Farm Notes, What Is a Farmer’s Time Worth? What Is a farmer’s time worth? That upon the farmer, but it is certainly a poor farmer who bits nv-tigbt to fray for liis knowledge of the business and his management. The Work-" er in any department of shilled labor Is paid for ••'knowing how." J Barely manual labor rarely gets more than enough for subsistence. This is a'wellknown law of wages that leads one to desire that his friends, depend upon something more remunerative than mere manual labor only. Then sliall the farmer have no credit except for the actual field labbr performed, at the rates rUbeived by his hands? This is manifestly unfair, and yet on this basis are estimates usually mdde, A merchant or manufacturer, controlling an amount of capital ho greater than is often found in farms, allows himself a fixed salary, and it is charged against the business. This salary, of course, varies, but is several times greater thau the wage with which the farmer credits himself. It now requires as much training and good management to run a farm well as it does to run any’other ordinary business. A doctor or lawyer, when only a tyro, charges fdr his time several dollars a day, and very often his education and training has cost less than that of the farmer,, who may have learned something in the schools and more by experience that cost dearly. The time ot the farmer who thinks and plans to some purpose should be accounted worth as much .to him as that of men In other occupations who use no more skill, education and good judgment. If this is correct, many of the estimates of the cost of production of crops, and of the interest on investment Pdid by farmers are inaccurate. Certain qualifications are worth very well determined'wages; and their possessors should charge their business with their time at such rates. Only in this way can they tell what their invested capital is paying. Skilled laborers get from $2 or $3 a day upward. If farmers credited their farms with house rent, table supplies, use of carriage, etc., as they should do, thpre would be more apparent possibility of allowing themselves a fair wage for their iinie; but whether any sum exists for paying ft or not,’ The charge for management is a legitimate one And should be made in all farm accounts. If the results of a year’s work he made public, it is unfair to give ah estimate of cost of production, or of tlie profit in farming, thi»t> does hot include this item of management at a. figure 'equal to what it would be worth in otb**r occupations. Such rating of one's time is hot only the fair thing to do, but it may help us to realize that farming is not merely a manual pursuit.—Country Gentleman.

Equal to Eriiergency. Perhaps thousands of your renders in all parts of tlie country will meet with some kind of an emergency every year, and they will l>e of all kinds, and no rule can be laid down further than to be ready and quick to decide Wlfiit to do when anything can be done. I have gn mind a friend in a neighborrng Estate, whose wheat field is now fivp feet under water. The solution of his difficulty will certainly be very different from mine, when my wheat field has had but an inch and a quarter of rainfall tq>on it in two months. While we may not always know what, to do. there is one thing not to be done; tlmt i», fold our hands and sit down and grunible. Since I was seventeen, or for thirty-four years, I have.managed a farm in tlie West. aniUtiiere has always been a partial way out of every emergency in the crop line that has come befijhe us. Each section, or possibly each farm, must be a law to Itself, but if the farmer is wide awake to the opportunity before him, can generally find some crop that can partially or wholly till the place ot the one lost.—J. M. Rice, in Farm News.

, of Timely Cultivation. the growing season Is here everyone who lias any crop in the ground shoultl endeavor' to m.t-ke the most of it, If it admits of cultivation, as do most garden prodnetlons and a number of field crops. It was Liebig, he German chlrnlst, wiio said that •’tillage is manure.” Many do not understand this, thinking that cultivation id for the destruction of weeds, which is true, but of secondary importance. The first consideration is the benefit derived front the turning of the soil, weeds or no weeds. This should done frequently, and besides, after every rain as soon the ground becomes dry enough. In addition to the cultivator and shovel- plow and hoe there are a number of Implements that tend to make the work mbfe convenient. For hand labor, the garden rake is valuabieTantT for more Intricate work close to growing plants the little tool wjth five bent fingers—a kind of iron hand -Is excellent. The cost at the Implement stores is but a trifle, or It could be made by a handy-blacksmith. The instruction given to the Student of oratory In ancient times wiw "action, action, action.” With the good gardener this is transformed Into ‘ff’ultivate! Cultivate!! Cultivate!!!”—The National Stockman. * Kaffir Corn aa a Feed. , As many of the readers of the Breeder Will raise their own gntin fee 1 for their poultry, they must be interested In knowing the worth of Kaffir corn as a poultry feed. We have had two y(*ars’ experience with It and find It par excellenee. It is good for little chicks or old fovy Ist. The grain is smaller than wheat,' and little chicks will begin to eat It by t'iie time they are a week old. and will grow like magic. They are very fond of It. and the music they make while devouring it is enough to gladden the heart of any chicken crank. Their Utile crops will atiek out till you will almost think there are two chicks Instead of one—a I sort of Siamese twins, as it were. -But

don’t worry about them: they will not. be crop bound, for the Kaffir corn does not swell in theif crops. It has this rare quality to such a degree that, even though it be soaked In water over night, it does not swell. ’ -• As a feed for laying beds we have; found it as good as the best of grains. And for moulting season, we haVemever fed anything that Js near, its equal. We never have had'hens lay so well during thia period as when fed on Kaffir corn. Vtie think so much of this grain ara poultry food that, were we living in the city, where we could not raise it, we some dhe so fai&e'it Tor us, if we could hot-buy It at tlie feed store. The Ist of May is the time to plant it, and it should be planted and cultivated l|ke our common everyday corn. i>r J It is capable of yielding from twenty* five to fifty bushels of grain per acre,' according to the season and culture. Give it a trial this year. If your, seed dealer asks you too much for the seed, most any friend you may have m Oklahoma will seqd you all the "seed you will need If you will pay the traiiiP portation.—C. F. Mulkey, in Western Poultry Journal.

Old Apple Tree*. The theory is quite prevalent among farmers that apple trees should’ be cut down when they'cease to be productive in consequence of the decay of the branches. Oftentimes, and in most eases such trees can be restored to a vigorous growth and healthy bearing condition by cutting away the old decayed portion and allowing new branches to take their place. This will nearly always follow when the - ' trees are well cared for and a liberal supply of potash be given them. I saw an apple tree recently on Orchard Hill in the town of Kensington, in this State, that was the last remaining tree of an orchard set out ninety years ago. All of the other trees were cut down thirty-five years ago. This oiie, bearing a favorite apple, by the pleading of a large family of children, was allowed to. remain. Of late years the ground around It has been cultivated and it. is a constant bearer. It is now edvered with a dense green foilage and the limbs have made a growth this year of over a foot. Its condition, today shows the folly of cutting down trees as soon as they ceaSe to grow and bear fruit. Plow around them, or whore this cannot be donp use a spring tooth harrow. Mulch them well and put on a good supply of muriate of potash, cut off the old, decaying, moss-covered branches, grow’ out a new top of smooth wood, and you will soon have the pleasure of seeing large smooth fruit growing, where once were only sma 1H n f erior apples. Age has but little to do with causing a tree to decay. One of the apple trees set out by the Arcadians more than 150 years ago is still standing near their old home at Grand Pre, N. ~S.. and in 1894 Was loaded with fruit.—Grange Homes.

Farm Notes. Small pieces of raw potatoes will cleanse bottles in a most satisfactory manner. ’ To remove tar from any kind of cloth saturate' the spot and Yub it well with turpentine. This will be found speedily effectual. In an Arizona bulletin a writer says: “In feeding forty or fifty Cows I used sugar beets and added a certain, quantity of corn meal. I increased tlie quantity of milk five’to eight gallons a day and also the quantity of cream" People who scrape and scour, their trees Just for the looks of it, a»d leave the loose bark on the ground where it falls, are aiding the enemy. If there are any insects among the bark they are thpre,still and out of sight of birds. It is a common belief of farmers working small areas, and who can only make ends meet, that if dljey had more land they could make more money. The facts in the ease do not bear them out. If a small farm is not made a success, the same given a larger onp will but increase the losses as a general rule.

Burn everything on the farm that serves as harboring places for Insects. By so doiug there will be fewer Insects next year and less work to do. Canes of blackberries should always be consigned to the flames In order to destroy the borer, and all diseased limbs and branches of trebs should be treated in the Same manner. Of a fat ox about GO per cent., of a sheep 58 per cent., of a fat pig (porker) S 3 per cent, of the live weight will be butcher’s carcass, so if the live weight be ascertained, the dead weight can be obtained with certainty. Thepe figures vary slightly, according as an animal is very fat, when they will be higher, or not very fat, when they will be lower.

There are hundreds of crops now growing on two acres, which should have been seeded on an acre only. Poor crops are sometime due to the attempt to spread the manure over a wide surface, causing a loss on two acres, instead of a profit on one. because less plant food and more labor had to be given the crop that was grown on a larger area than was required, Buckwheat is a summer crop and may be sown in July. It grows rapidly and will produce a crop if frost, does not appear too soon. It will not thrive If the weather Is very warm and dry. but with good land and frequent showers It should produce as much as forty bushels to the acre.' Bees will work on the. blossoms, as it comes at a time when bee forage Is not plentiful.

There are a few points nlxuit dishwashing which should always be kept in mlpd. Do not drop knives htto hot water, as It injures the handles, and removes the cement. Heavy glasses sbouhr not be dropped in hot water. Thiu glasses are Jess likely to break, and almost any glass may bo saved from breaking if a teaspoon U placed in It before hot water Is added. o •Lu. <• * In putting a freslt oilclorii on- a passage or kitchen, or any mueh.-n«ed floor, it is a good plan io lay lu on the old one. Raise the edges a little and wijte out the aeeumulated dust with a damp cloth, then let It fall in place, and put the new one over ft. The wear.qf the latter will be mucljjeagthened through the protection afforded ,by« the flrat cloth from the roughness of the floor beneath.

CHURCHES OF GRANADA.

At Once Maggiiflcent and Beggarly* Solemn and Gay. It was in its churches that I though Granada at'once most magnificent and most solemn and gay. I. know nothing in France or Ifyly to compare with the effect of the cathedral when the sun-steeped streets were' left, the leather curtain was lifted, and we were suddenly in darkness In far shadows, vague, motionless figures, prostrate before It. Their silent fervor In the strange, scented dusk gave a clpe to the ecstasy of a Theresa, of’ an Ignatius. But it was well to turn back quickly into matter-of-fact daylight. To linger was to be reminded that ‘mystery has its price, solemnity Its tawdriness. In cathedral and capllla real If we ventured to look at the royal tombs, at the grille—which even in Spain is without equal—at the retablos with their wealth of ornament, one sacristan after another kept close at our heels, impudently expectant.

If in unknown little church bur eyes grew accustomed to darkness, it was that they might be offended with Virgins gleaming in silks and jewels, with Christs clothed in . petticoats. And if we did onee visit tlie Cnrttija, It satisfied pur curiosity 1 where other show churches were cbucerned. The word Cartuja hung upon the lips of every visitor at the Hotel Roma. Foreigners wrestled hopelessly with it. Spaniards repea tea it tenderly, as if in love with its gasping gutturals. We never sat down to a meat that some one did not urge us to the enjoyment of its wonders. At last, in self-defense, we went. The Cartuja’s architecture struck us as elaborate, its decoration as abandoned as the gush that had sent us to it. It had not even the amusing gaiety of Bohemia's rococo, but was pretentious and florid in a dull, vulgar way, more in keeping witli gilded case or popular resturant. But to this visit my record owes a place, since It was our one concession to the guide-book’s commands. It pleased us better to forget the exaggerated: tortured flamboyance in the kindly, twilight of churches the names of which we never troubled to ask.—Century.

A Bold Brigand.

Franz Csonka, a famous 74-year-old brigand, was .hanged recently for murder at Essegg, in Slavonia. He smoked his pipe to the gallows, slapped the hangman on the shoulder and said to him: “Do your job well; don't make a fool of yourself.” He was the most fearless of the band of Rosza Sandor, with whom he committed many robberies and murders in the Bakonyer forests. They were captured with’dlflieulty twenty-ttve- -years ago, -when Csonka declared he would confess to murders only, the rest being merely child's play. He was sentenced to tweqty years’ imprisonment? from which he was released a year ago, blit soon after committed an unusually atrocious murder, for which he was executed. Rosza Sandor was sentenced to imprisonment for life, and died in jail ten years ago. In Hungary he was never looked upon as. a common criminal, but rather as a hero of romance, lie was a 'handsome man, the horseman in Hungary, and a groat favorite with the women. Kossuth appointed him leader of a corps of volunteers in 1849. His,father was a brigand like himself, belonging to the organized bands that wept Judges and police in their pay, and preventing accusations by fear of the vengeance of the organization.

A Marriage Without the Bridegroom.

_,’he scenes In Vienna were brilliant in the extreme. The civil contract was signed on the 10th, the religious ceremony occurred on the 11th, as appointed, and then followed a- banquet where Berthier was absolved from all the ceremonies considered obligatory upon one of his rank lu the Hofburg. Three da.vs later the new Empress was handed to her traveling carriage by the Archduke Charles, and amid salvos of artillery, which scarcely drowned the cheers of the populace, slie set forth. Her journey through Bavaria and Wurtemberg was one long ovation, for these countries believed their welfare to be bound up with that of France. On the 2Gth her cortege, having passed by way of Stras. burg, was moving toward Soissons.Ceutury. •

All He Was Fit For.

The American says that in an Irish court recently ap old man was called into the witness-boy, and being old and a little blind, he went too far in more senses than one, and instead of going up the stairs that led to the box, mounted those that led to the bench. The judge took the mistake goodhumoredly. “Is it a judge yon want to be, my good man?” he asked. z “Ah, sure, your honor,” was the reply. “I’m an ould man now, and mebbe It’s alt I’m tft for.”

Spanish Blotting Paper.

An English exchange says “that In Spain there are many manufactories of pasteboard, blotting and packing paper, and these goods are exported to the Spanish colonies In large quantities.” The Wotting paper is so poor, however, that the greatest care must be exercised to prevent it from literally becoming “blotting*’ paper. If the native article were not so very cheap, American blotting paper-might be sent there; but Spaniards are very economical. and as a rule regard price rather than quality.

Without Photography.

Drawings on paper can be transferred to wood or metal, if executed in crayon er ordinary writing Ink. by moistening the copy in a strong solution of caustic potash and alcohol. Place the copy face downward on the wood or metal, rub down with a folder, or take a p*oof on an ordinary proof press. This is useful information for those who wish to obtain a transfer of a design or label for the purpose of engraving, as a die for embossing, or other purposes where photographic ..materials are not accessible.

Bat for Her.

Mattress salesman—Did you ever stop to think timr you spend one-third of your life in - sleep? t Customer—Well, I might perhaps, if It were not for my wife.—Somerville Journal, ■ ,

INDIANA INCIDENTS.

RECORD OF EVENTS OF THE - - PAST WEEK/ / ' Grant County Farmers Wifi Fore* Toll Gate* and Fight in Court—Two Tramps Force Boys Into a L;£e of Beggary pnd Crime. Farmers Fight Toll Roads. The farmers of Grant County are la open rebellion against toll roads, and at a meeting 120 of the most prominent entered into a league to ignore tollgate keepers and fight the payment of tolls to the bitter Cud. Under a system adopted by.the Comity Commissioners the county bought a number of gravel roads, built others and was to open them to the public, the people being taxed to pay for them. As all or nearly all of the roads lead into Kokomo,, it was supposed that that city i would receive the benefit, but no protest was made by the farmers and the roads passed into the possession of the county. The cost of keeping them np to the standard of toll roads proved a heavy one, and the commissioners concluded to establish tollgates and make, the people pay toll. This raised the ire of the farmers along the Barnersville road and they entered into a solemn leagtie and covenant to resist payment, to forge the gates open if passage was refused'and defend themselves in person and in the courts, it necessary.

Boys Abducted from Home. While rounding up a gang of tramp* supposed to have had a hand in the robbery of Zeltner's hardware store at South Bend, the police ran across* ten men accompanied by two boys, aged 12 and 13 years. They said they wore the sons of poor' parents and had been abducted by. 1 Bennett.and Stephens and compelled to accompany them on begging tours arourtd the country. When the two men were searched s(> was found upon Bennett’* person and $27 upon Stephens’. The boy* sai<l the men had about s.”>oo secreted on their persons. Chief Cassidy compelled Bennett to take off a wooden leg he wore. In it was found a compartment containing a letter box. and in this was $335. Chief Cassidy will write to the boys’ parents and endeavor to secure the money for them, .as they earned it by begging. The “Ghost” Given Forty Imnhes. The ghost whieh has been , creating * sensation in penton township, Elkhart County, was captured by a crqwd of farmers and proved to tie an unknown tramp. It was finally decided to administer forty lashes, and four men provided themselves with long hickory switch** and the tramp’s back was bared to his waist. The blows were administered and the man was released and left with hi* back bleeding from every stroke. All Over the State. Mr. and Mrs. Martin L. Crocker celebrated their golden’ wefffiing anniversary at Richmond. ~' ~ The - Globe clothipg house at Warsaw .was robbed of twenty suits of clothes, valued at S2OO. » William Croft is lodgdik in jail at jasper, charged with the killing of August Btreigler at a dance near Schnellville. George Corwin, a well-known citizen of -Dublin, committed suicide this morning'by shooting himself through the head. George Durr, a young man of Deeatur, went to sleep in his buggy, and while crossing a railroad was killed by an ex- . press train. » Bryant Barker, a Wealthy farmer of Veedersburg, took a dose of arsenic by mistake, thinking it quinine, and died ire a few moments. Burglars ransacked the store of Ignnce Mergy.’ of Wabash, stealing goods valued at $250. The safe was’blown, but it contained no money. Simon Spalding, a business man of Winbash, was united in marriage with Mrs. Apnie Halea of LnFontaine. They will reside in the latter place. In a fightat William Hays’ park, north of (,’nsey rille, young Hays stabbed his father. Alexander Jenkins, and Benjamin Moore and made his escape. Harrison Simpson, candidate for sheriff at Anderson, tiled suit against Ernest O. Flanders, a wealthy bachelor, for $lO,000 for alienation of hi* wife’s affection*. James Leak, an employe of the Citizens* Electric Light Company at Terre Haute, was instantly killed by an electric shock while trimming a street lamp. He was -i married man. Abraham Cortelyow. 72 years of age, who has been erratic since the death of his wife, wandered away from his home in Shelbyville Monday, and relatives fear he has died from exposure, ,as he was very feeble. Joe Rowe and Elmer Kemp of Brown Point, two schoolmates and fast chums, became involved in a quarrel over some trivial subject and young Rowe struck the Kemp lad a vieious blow, breaking one of his ribs and otherwise seriously, injuring him. » Edward Small, proprietor of a new* depot in Shelbyville, gave a dinner to hi* four married sons —Wilber, Charles. Frank and George. Qn turning over their plates each «>»■ found a thousand dollar check, a present from their parent. Mr. Small has handled the metropolitan papers there for thirty years and has accumulated a snug fortune. Within the last few weeks a number of burglaries have been committed near Richmond, and one' pf the most successful of these was that Sunday at the country home of Charles Savage. The Savage family went to ehureh and did nut return until late in the afternoon, when they found that the house hatTbeen. completely ransacked. Everything of value that could well be carried away was taken and tlie plunder included $14,000 worth of negotiable paper. S3O in money, a gold watch and other jewelry. As soon as the theft became known a posse of men began a search, but the search was fruitless. Harry Leffel and Maud Doan eloped its a buggy from their near Ixtganaport. The couple were followed to Logs asport, but ..all trace was lost after they entered the city. The girl is 12 years old. , A freight train on the Vandalia Railway ran through a bridge near Crawfordsville Wednesday morning, killing Conductor Fowler, Brakeman McKensie and. Fireman John Berber, and seriously injuring Roadmaster J. S. Brothers and Engineer Bowman. The wreck was caused by a washout. The train -was demolished. The general store of Wilbur M. Aderel nt Wagarusa was robbed. Some money and many articles of clothing, boots and shoes, were' carried away. Au unsuccessful attempt wd* made to blow off the door of the safe. The body of J. Roger Briggs, the Chicago bookkeeper who was drowned in Cedar lake near Crown Point, was recovered. When he was drowned he had * gold watch and a large sum of money on his body, and when his body was discovered only sl.lO was found on his person, and foul suspicions are rife, to the effect that his body Was recovered in the night, robbed and then thrown Into the Ink* again, only to be chat up Iff the wavs*. ■■ ■ *>•' '■