Rensselaer Republican, Volume 26, Number 33, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 12 April 1894 — Page 6

THE CAMPAIGN.

Looks Like It Will be a JugHandle Affair. The Republican Tear. Indianapolis Journal. “I do not believe that the politicians fully appreciate the situation in this State,” said j a Republican "whose business takes him among the people in the manufacturing towns. “They cannot unless they go among the people, and particularly wagejearners in all lines. There has been a revolution in sentiment. I everywhere meet men who voted for Cleveland two years ago who are anxious for the day to come when they can vote for a Republican candidate for Congress. Every day I meet men who declare that they have cast their last Democratic vote —not one here and there, but many. If men openly make such declarations, what will hundreds of the silent men do in the privacy of the .voting booths? I have put the Republican plurality in Indiana at 30,bOO, and every day confirms me in the opinion that it will reach that figure. You know that I was not a hopeful Republican in 1892, and it was because I mingled with the same people who are now so decidedly heading toward the Republican party, and then they were in doubt. Then they were listening to theories; now they know. The man whose wages have been reduced from $1.50 to $1 a day is in no frame of mind to be treated with more theories. He has just two facts in his mind, which are that he had full wages under Republican rule, and that he has lost one-third of his wages and full employment under Democratic rule. He will stay Republican until he gets his wages back. No, I will Indiana less than 30,000. Nor would you if you could hear what I hear on my trips.” How Veterans Were Cheated. Indianapolis Journal. At the time of the National Encampment of-the Grand Army in Washington, in September, 1892, the Democratic outlook was disheartening. It was there ascertained that the bulk of the veterans in the North were in the Harrison column and, tliat thousands of. veterans who had been Democrats were likely to vote for Harrison. What could be done? That was a question which a few Democratic politicians, some of whom were veterans, wrestled with in a secret meeting during the Encampment. As the result, it was agreed that a secret personal effort was to be made to bring Democratic veterans back into the Cleveland line. A movement was made to organize a “Veterans’ Tariff Reforip League.” Circulars were sent out from a New York headquarters, in one of .which there was a headline, “The Right to Pensions in Regarded as a Con tract. ” In one of these circulars the following questions were put in bold type. “Can the Government, if it desires, repudiate the right to a pension? Can the payment of a pension be avoided? Are they not in the nature of a contract between the people and the pensioner, which continues during the life of the benefi-

Tl'iese questions were followed by opinions to the effect that a pension is a contract. Then, in black type, came the sentence: “No pensioner need have any fear that his pension will be taken away.” To make assurance doubly sure, the final declaration is made in, these words: “A pension is a contract, and because thereof, during life, a vested right. No, no. ' The country is safe—the pensioner too —with Mr. Cleveland." •With this circular in hand active Democrats in nearly every township in Indiana saw and convinced every wavering veteran of Democratic antecedents that Mr. Cleveland was, in fact, as staunch a friend of the pensioner and the veteran as was General Harrison. By this means several thousand votes were secured for Mr, Cleveland. Mr. Cleveland permitted these to be made, and then, when he came to select members of his cabinet he fell upon a sectional and natural foe of the Union soldier for the department in which is the Pension Bureau. One of the first acts of Secretary Hoke Smith was to repudiate the theory that a pension is a contract by assuming, in an executive order, that all of 300,000 pensions, under the act of June 27, 1800, were illegal ?.nd void, and to set a board selected or the object to review them for the purpose of suspension. Commissioner Lochren has informed the House that a pension is not a contract, and if the country had not rebuked the suspension of pensioners it would not have ceased when thirteen thousand had been dropped but would have gone on until the larger part of the 300,000 had been cut off. In this State, by far the larger part of those pensioned under the law of 1890 were Democrats, because Democratic Congressmen pushed their Claims, consequently two-thirds of those dropped are men who voted for Mr. Cleveland. Democratic Conmay restore them, but they cannot again fool Indiana veterans as in 1892. Clinnjfo In Hawaiian Policy* Cji’OffO luter-bcean. The news from Washington is cheering. President Cleveland has learned that there is an American sentiment that effort on the part of the administration for the

protection of the American interests in all parts of the world. -It is one of the yery many inconsistencies of President Cleveland that while he is so ignorant of the trade and commerce of the United States as to talk "about “our narrow home market,” which is the best and largest market of the world, and to advise neglect of it while undertaking the quest of markets with poverty-striekeu Asiatics, he has been the most neglectful of all Presidents in maintaining the only means by which the foreign markets which he covets can be gained. We had a favorable commercial treaty with Hawaii; under Mr. Cleveland’s administration it is ordained that this treaty shall be abrogated. We had favorable commercial agreements with Germany, France, Italy, Brazil,. Cuba; under Mr. Cleveland’s administration it is; ordained that they they shall be set aside. “Lose what you have, and try to get something of less value” seems to be the Domocratic policy, both as to home and to foreign trade. Foreign commerce is carried in ocean-going ships; the Democratic policy denies the United States -a merchant marine by which foreign goods may be imported to and domestic goods exported from this country. A merchant marine needs coaling places and harbors of refuge. The. Democratic policy has been .to neglect to acquire control of new harbors in foreign lands and relinquish those that have been acquired during Republican administration. This country had gained a coaling station and port of refuge at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands. Mr. Cleveland, after doing all that he could to provoke a quarrel with the Hawaiian government, which had it come to pass, would have lost to us control of this valuable property, has been compelled- by stress of public opinion to change his policy. A large sum is to be spent at once upon works at Pearl Harbor, with a view of making it in fact as well as in name a port under protection of the United States. The President has been for twelve months past in possession of funds for the beginning of this important work. His delay in ordering its expenditure already has resulted in loss to trade, and may have led toward political complications that may cloud our title to the harbor. But as it is never too late to begin to do well we commend President Cleveland’s tardy resolution to complete the work so wisely beguu by President Harrison. Senator Morgan’s scheme for a tariff commission would undoubtedly settle the tariff question-on a protection-to-trusts basis. —Sentinel. We do not credit the report that President Cleveland is satisfied with the Senate tariff bill. President Cleveland is a tariff reformer. —Sentinel. - ' - - -

WHAT A FIRST-CLASS BARN IS.

Hevi P. Morton’s New One on His F.hlnebeck Farm. New Yerk Herald. Ex-Vice-President Morton has restored the barn on bis Rhinebeck farm, that was burned last summer. The building is three hundred feet long, sixty-five feet wide, and where the silos are located eighty nine feet wide. The latest improvements have bken introduced in the building and ! no expense has been Spared to make I it a model barn and one of the finest i in this country. Railroad tracks for ears to carry feed run around the interior of the barn; there are blinds on every window, so arranged as to act as awnings to keep the heat out in summer. The area walls outside of the building have a six-inch blue-stono coping* with an, iron railing five feet high. The basement is of concreto five feet, thick, with a cross brick wall with chestnut sleepers to rest upon, and drainage under the whole. The basement under the L, which is 40x60 feet in size, is fitted up as a root cellar. The silos are three in number and hold fifteen hundred tons. The stalls in thebaim are provided with fire escape fasteners, so that j any one or all of them can be opened 'at once- Three hundred thermostats are placed iu the barn to give an i alarm in case of fire. They tell ! what part of the building is on fire, and are connected with the farmhouse and office. The barn is lighted by incandes-, cent lights. The latest improved , machinery is provided for grinding feed, etc., including a powerful en- ! gine. The many new inventions introI dueed in the construction of this i barn are being closely observed by ! experts. __ , Father Times’ New Equipment. i William Henry Bisliop in April Century. Torringford, bustling with foundries, cottonmills, skate-shops, need-le-shops, and hook-and-eye-shops—-shops, not factories, they are. called i in the local nomenclature —was one ; of the water-power villages that the S new distribution of power by tlie 1 railroad had made, just as Baker- ! vilie and Riverton were of those : that it had harmed. I was told that ' at Riverton yfru could buy for *2.000 i an excellent scythe-factory that, had I cost *7,000. But. indeed, even apart j from the railroad, the scythe is dis- ; appearing beford the advance of the I mowing machine. It will become an ! obsolete implement, and we shall have old Father Time mounted on a mowing machine’ and consulting a Waterbury watch instead of an eyeglass.

TOPICS OF THESE TIMES.

BATTLE OF FIVE FORKS. ’ <0 The daily press have a great advantage over the weekly publications in being able to call attention to anniversaries on their annual occurrence at the proper date. This fact, however, does not prevent the weekly journals-from recalling important events prior to or shortly after their anniversary days. Twenty-nine years ago, “about this time,” the country press in Indiana and elsewhere, was filled with details of the great battle of Five Forks, which was one of the last great contests of the war. March 29, 1865, Gen. Grant issued his order for a general advance of his left wing. In carrying out this order, Sheridan, two days later, met the Confederates near Five Forks, nine miles southwest of Petersburg. The Confederates had massed all the infantrvthat could be spared to support their threatened right wing, being fully advised of Grant’s intention. At 10:30 a. m., March 31, 1865, the Federals received a staggering and unexpected attack on their flank and rear. The Federals rallied and drove the enemy back. Sheridan, with 10,000 cavalry, attacked the enemy near Five Forks. By dismounting his troopers and posting them behind earthworks he repulsed the superior forces that were sent against him. The night of the 31st was passed amid rain and mud. April Ist the Confederates were totally defeated by Sheridan. Many a veteran still survives who participated in that dreadful struggle, and many a hero still bears as a memento of that contest, a bullet wound or saber cut, or perchance an empty sleeve, that makes it impossible for him to forget the time,, and its annual return is hailed with mingled feelings of satisfaction that they have themselves so long survived and of regret for their martyred comrades who died for their country on that fateful day.

EUROPEAN WAR.

Prospects and conditions for actual war between European powers continue favorable, and the hope of a release of the great opposing interests from the oppressive burden of military preparation is remote and intangible. A great English journal in discussing the situation says that nations are as certain to quarrel as individuals, and that when any quarrel of vital importance shall arise it is most unlikely that they will submit to arbitration. War must be the inevitable result. Nor is war regarded by this authority as the worst result of any quarreling that may ensue. Actual hostilities are preferable to the long continued bickerings and armed frontiers that have characterized the relations between France and Germany for the past twenty-three years. Scientific progress has shortened war, and superior commissary arrangements have made an invading army a comparatively light affliction to the conquered country. Modern soldiers do not commit the acts of brigandage that in olden times rendered an invasion as great a calamity as a pestilence. There may be improvement in the sentiment of civilized nations, but should the opportunity or occasion arise, war with all its horrors, itisrbelieved, will as surely ensue as at any period the in world’s history.

ENGLISH POLITICS.

The condition of a vast body of American voters is not one that the better class of American citizens can contemplate with a great deal of pride. Ignorance, prejudice, fraud and the demagogue’s appeal are the only influences capable of appealing to their grade of intelligence. All parties include in their membership this undesirable element, and no section of the country is altogether free from the corrupting influence of their unprincipled actions in disposing of their right of suffrage. Largo as this class is, however, it has not as yet wholly vitiated the body politic, as the frequent ups and downs of the great parties well attest. Iu England this class has attained a power, that Americans can hardly realize. Wo suppose that English politics are much like our own—with some great issue dividing the contending factions. We read of Home Rule and foreign and colonial policies, and think the sturdy Triton understands these questions at least as well as the average American comprehends the questions of free irade and protection, yet recent events have demonstrated that nothing can be farther from the trhth. Beer, and purely local interests,, personal influence and downright bribery, carry the day, The lower class of English voters know nothing about town meetings, primaries, or local assemblies, but are voted like so many “cattle", ol which, unfortu-

nately. we have too many samples in our own great cities. This class of alleged “citizens” forms ; the majority of the present majority party which controls the House of Commons. The Commons is, in fact, the government, for the Cabinet is only a committee of the House. The recent uprising against the House of Lords springs from this irresponsible element of the party in power. The movement may end in revolution. There are indications that such will be the ease. The House of Lords is the last bulwark of the oldtime order, and its abolition may end in a reign of terror and the destruction of all property rights and privileges that have been established as a result o f hundreds of years oi war and legislation. Able writers hold that the continuation of the House of Lords, faulty as its hereditary privileges may be, is far better than any condition that can possibly result from its abolition.

AN AMERICAN SNOB.

The conduct of Mr. William Waldorf Astor in transferring his residence and so large a portion of his vast possessions—constantly investing the profits from his American holdings in English estates and London enterprise^ —is mortifying loyal citizens of the United States. Mr. Astor is now turning his attention to purchasing ground rents in London, with a few side ventures of a similar character in Paris, and his investments are becoming so extensive that the matter is likely to be investigated by Parliament, there being serious objections to alien ownership of British soil. CommOE, gratitude would seem to dictate thal a man who has been so bountifully favored by the land of his ancestor’s adoption, and who has been so honored by our Government as a representative citizen, should use his great wealth in a way to partially recompense our people and our free institutions, through whose co-oper-ation he has grown to such great importance as an individual and such plethoric proportions as a capitalist. But if reports are true his shortcomings in this particular are but the initiatory steps to a still more discreditable proceeding, for it is said that Mr. Astor contemplates renouncing the land of his birth to become a British subject, and that he hopes to be made an English peer of the realm.

PEOPLE.

Mr. Brander Matthews is at work upon a novel of New York life. M. Carnot completes his term as President of the French Republic on Dec. 3. His salary for the last seven years has been 1250,000 a year, besides allowances. George Frederick Watts, the English painter who has presented his superb painting, “Love and Life,’’to the. United States, was the first of Ellen Terry’s husbands. Proctor Knott is being “mentioned” as a possible contestant for the Congressional seat of W. C. P. Breckinridge. His friends say he is not as chivalrous as Mr. Breckinridge, but that the amount of gray matter in his brain is fully as great. Mr. Lease, husband of Mrs. Lease, "has lost his job as manager of a drug store in Wichita. • Mrs. Lease owns a handsome house in a fashionable part of the city, and Mr. Lease, assisted by two elderly women servants, devotes his time to looking, after the property. According to London Truth tht cabled stories about the formation o) cataracts over Mr. Gladstone’s eyes are all bosh. The real trouble, this authority announces, is arcus senillis —a very common trouble in the case of men of Mr. Gladstone’s age, bul never extending to the lens and never destroying the sight. Instead of the time-honored “Dearly Beloved” or “Brethren” in which the pulpit has always addressed its congregation, the famous Canon Body has introduced an innovation in one of the “highest” ol English churches. He speaks to his hearers with the simple word “Gentlemen.” The change is exciting discussion and free comment. Lord Dudley recently had a half starved workingman arrested foi stealing a bucket of coal, the value of which was only sixteen cents, When the case came to trial Chief Justice Coleridge dismissed the man, considering that sixteen days in jaii before trial was punishment enough. It is this sort of thing that has in censed the common people againsl the House of Lords. At the official inquiry into the loss of the‘Kearsarge there was One incident in which Commander Hyerman figured that was not made known. It wqs the first night or the little,island. Commander Hyerman was lying on the sand fagged out with his exertions of the day. He had no covering on him and the night had grown cool. He was aroused by a sailor, who touched his cap and said: “Captain, here’s £ blanket 1 saved. It’s been dried.’ Commander Hyerman asked the sailor what he had to cover himsell with, and when* She sailor replied that the blanket was all he had, the commander said; “Keep it your self, my man, you need it quite as much as I do.” Jack entreated, but the officer was firm in refusing tic accept the cover.

FARMS AND FARMERS.

, Transplanting. Many people ask, when is the proper time to plant trees, in the fall or in the spring? This is a question which has been asked thousands of times, and has been answered both ways by people who have had -special success, in the spring or fall, as the case may be, says “Meehan’s Monthly.” Now, according to the studies of those who have used their eyes and experiences on the subject, one time is as good as the other. Trees in full health transplanted in the spring go on pushing their leaves and making young fibres on the roots as if nothing had been done to affect their usual habits. In trees as in a human being, health is a great factor in success. A good, sound, healthy person, who loses a finger or even a hand, feels or exhibits no signs of the trouble he has gone through. The blood is good and sound and goes on healing the wounded parts. So with a tree; the spring is the healthy time of all nature; all plants are in their best health, and they naturally feel less the damage done to them than at any other time. Planting in the fall also has its benefits, even perhaps more so than in the spring. Tn early fall transplanting, the leaves are picked off, and the tree is again planted. The advantage the fall planter has is this: the tree, we may say, has gone to sleep for the winter, the leaves being off, they do not need the life giving strength of the roots, which possibly may have been injured in the digging, and need all their strength for themselves. What does it matter if we take the leaves off, instead of waiting until they fall off? Does not winter weather sometimes come early, andjigain it comes late in the year? Two or three weeks make no difference, the trees are always prepared, and, “have gone to sleep.” To return to the planting, we see the trees suffer very little or none by the leaves using the strength of the tree. Another point is that when spring does come, the plant has been made solid in its place by the winter months. In the first part of the article we say that it makes no difference whether trees are planted in the fall or spring. There is one exception in favor of fall planting, and that is in the larch family. Larches planted in the fall are invariably successful, While those planted in other seasons pull through only after a hard struggle. Evergreens can be transplanted during the summer.

MUk an 1 Hatter, It is a well ascertained fact that more milk can be drawn from the udder of a cow during the milking than can be held in the udder at any one time. This is because the act of milking excites the active secretion of the milk. When one begins to milk, the milk comes slowly and the udder and teats are soft and only partly filled. After a short time these vessels are found to fill rapidly and the milk flows with a more copious stream. The more quickly this is drawn off the greater is the flow; so that tlie milking should be done as rapidly as possible. The milker of the greatest value, and who knows his business best, always milks with dry hands. It- is better for the cow’s teats, and vastTy“a"Tfi'of e 'cteanty - 'p ructice.—-Some-otherwise good, -milkers spoil thelrmilk by wetting their fingers with milk, conceiving that the operation is improved thereby, but it is an injurious, nasty method, and no wellbalanced milker will do it. ~ Air is destructive to the good qualities of butter, as the oxygen in the air unites with the carbon in the butter and slow consumption of the elements takes place; therefore, pack as soon as possible after making. A dairyman estimates that a cow may produce in the year six times her weight in milk, with a calf in addition. If we take the cow as weighing 1,000 pounds, we have, in the salable products, about 800 pounds of dry matter, containing 36.8 pounds of nitrogen. If the ensilage from one acre will feed a cow through the winter, as is claimed for it, the cost of the milk will be lower than that from any other kind of food. The value of ensilage is in the saving of expense in production, the crop growing quickly. Sweet corn has been highly recommended as most suitable for the purpose, hut the cost of the seed is greater than that of field corn. It wifi pay dairymen to grow a crop for ensilage this year.

Improvement of Fruit*. Meehan's Monthly/ The stamens of a flower produce pollen, and flowers cannot be fertilized unless this pollen reaches the pistil, the pistil being the terminal point of the ovarium, which is in the center of the flower, and eventually contains* the seeds. There is a certain period in the life of flowers, when the anther cells burst and expose the pollen; and there is a certain period in the growth of the pistil; when the apex, or stigma, bursts pud exposes a liquid secretion. The pnly art in fertilizing flowers, is to note, which can readily be done by a small pocket lens, when the pistil is in receptive condition. When the pollen is applied at this period, the ovarium becomes fruitful. It so happens that in some flowers the atamens will mature the pollen before

the pistil is receptive; or perhaps toe stigma will be receptive before the pollen is matured on the stamens; and this is frequently the reason why so many flowers are infertile. The pollen matures and disappears before the pistiLis ready to receive it. One can only learn these things by observation; but with little practice an experienced person soon becomes an adept in the art. In the actual work of crossing, the practice is to keep a certain point in view. For instance, we may have an apple which is sour or small, but would like to have a variety of sweeter characteristics or larger. We take the pollen from a tree with, large or inferior fruit, and apply it to the smaller one which we wish to improve. The result is that the seedling apple will in all probability be very much larger than the female parent** and in this way improved kinds are brought about in the lines that the operator desires. The Baldwin Apple. Many persons ask why it is that an apple so comparatively poor in quality should be so universally grown, and form the chief stock of what is offered during the winter in the markets. Certainly there are nsmbers of much better flavored kinds. But the fruit grower who supplies the market necessarily looks to profit beyond all things, and the Baldwin happens to be a tree which has a remarkably hardy growth and bears very abundantly —and the apples are so sturdy in keeping qualities that it is no wonder it receives the particular attention of those who plant to supply markets, If one is satisfied to have trees not quite bo sturdy and vigorous, more liable to the little troubles that bother the fruit grower; and desires to have high flavor, beauty and other qualities- independent of - great—product— iveness, there is a very large list to choose from. Raisers of seedlings should aim at uniting both good properties. Such a variety would be welcomed by all fruit growers. • For the Horae Owner. s=-- The collar is the most important part of the harness. If a collar is too large it will chafe; if too small it will choke. It costs no more to get a collar that fits than to get one too small or too large. Don’t torture a horse with a misfit collar. Overloading is costly and cruel, and has ruined thousands of horses. No load should be too heavy to haul over the hardest place on the trip. Steady, hard pulling causes great pain, so give your team frequent rests, especially during the early part of the trip. Four horses belonging to Mr. John Tracey, ex-sheriff of Carroll county, Md., hauled a load from Arlington to Baltimore, a distance of nine miles; the load consisting of 15,750 pounds (nearly eight tons) of hay. Such loads save no expense in hauling, save over very good roads, as one of the horses died from over-exertion. There are many things that should be carefully observed in the education of hoi’ses that are entirely omitted. Too much dependence is placed in the bits, lines, strength of the harness, the use of the whip and the ability of the driver to control the horse by sheer brute force. Hence there are so many fatal accidents. The best grain feed for mature horses is about two-thirds corn and one-third oats in winter, and twothirds oats and one-third corn in the summer. For rapid fattening warm mashes of corn meal and wheat, bran may be given while idle, but should be changed to hard gram some days before beginning work. Clovei hay is more fattening than timothy. Oats are the grain for horses that must be driven fast or far, and for growing colts.

It would pay any farmer with an orchard to keep a few colonies ol ' bees to pollenize the blossoms, even if he got no honey from them. To make the lambs grow, first feed the ewes all they will eat, and then place the trough of ground oats fbi the lambs, with a pen around the trough to prevent 1 the ewes from eating the ground food, but Laving the bottom rail or board of the pen ol sufficientheight from the ground tc permit the' lambs to get to the trough. They will grow rapidly and get into market two or three weeks earlier. Sow a crop of oats this spring, bj doubling the quantity of seed and using plenty of manure. Do nol look for a crop of seed, but cut the oats wlfM. they are in the milky stage of tiie seed, which will arrest the nutritive matter in the 9talks. Cure the crop the same as hay, and feed by cutting with a straw cutter, using both straw and heads.

One of the most important labor} saving methods is to have straight rows. When extra time is devoted to such work it render cultivation much easier during the growing season" as the plants can be cultivated both ways, or diagonally. II small plants are put in straightrows, but close together, hand implement! can often be used to good advantage. To Remove an Obstinate Glass Stopper. In order to remove a glass stopper which sticks fast in the bottle, heat the neck by pouring over it hot water without spilling any on the stopper until the latter iecotn® loosened; or, if that coune fails, bold the neck over a gas jet turned down low or other small flaire, slowly revolving the bottle* wkile the neck is being heated, thys oinimiz ing the danger of cracking tie glass.