Rensselaer Republican, Volume 23, Number 31, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 2 April 1891 — SHORT-HAND. [ARTICLE]

SHORT-HAND.

A Practical Course for Only 92.00, Send for Partioolar*. 1 The Fifth Lesson of the Series Here Given. (Copyrighted by Eldon Moran.) PEN OR PENCIL—WHICH T When the reporter writes with a pencil, he Should Obtain one of medium hardness only,keep it sharpened, and useltwith soft or uncalendered paper. For general purposes. It Is better to use a pen; the pencil In exceptional cases only. In everyrespectitwlU. be observed that the pen and pencil differ from each other. The question as to the merits of each for reporting purposes has been discussed to a considerable extent by members of the profession. Those reporters who employed a pencil while learning, never afterwards giving the pen a fair trial, of course regard the pencil with the greater favor. Of those who have fairly tested both, the majority prefer the pen. The advantages of each maybe seen from the following comparison: 1, p en work ls permanent; pencil writing fades out in a few years. 2 Notes taken with a pen are black and easy to read; pencil writing is hard on the eyes, and for this one Important reason a pencil should be used aslittle as possible. 8. Writing with a gold pen, which ls a yielding, sensitive instrument, is much less fatiguing than manipulating a pencil, which is stiff and inflexible. Short-hand reporters must be able to write many thousands of different words, but ninetenths of all the writing they do consists in takIng down over and, over again only a few hundred very common words. Evidently the first requisite to skill instenography is a very high degree of familiarity with just this class of words and phrases. The reporter writes “is, may, will-be, I-can, donot,” hundreds of times to “ ocean, extracting, caliber, indigo, delve,” etc, once. He may take time, occasionally, to write a hard word in long-hand, but he will fail almost certainly if he Is obliged to hesitate for an instant before writing one of these frequent words or phrases. Hence the teacher will drill his class daily, and require the pupil’s practioe to be devoted mainly to this class of words.

EXPLANATION. In line 1 the first letter has the force of fliln three, and is called Uh; the second, the force of th in those, and is called the. When a has the sound of e, as in was or goes, it is called z, and expressed by a thickened stem. Bis most commonly expressed by the circle; but the curve is needed when an initial vowel precedes, as in ace, line 7. or a final vowel follows, as in sew, line 8. In line 3, the first letter called ith, has the force of sh In bishop, or ti in motion. When struck upwards it is called shag. The second, called zhe. Is equivalent to * in pleasure. The curves In line 4 are called way and yay, and are the same as the consonants w and y. B, always written upwards, is called hay, and ng, ing. Shaded m, called emp, is equivalent to mp or mb, as in temple, or tumble. Upward r, called ray, ls used more than the down-stroke. It is quicker, oftener secures a good angle, and prevents wordforms from extending too far below the line. When the circle * occurs between two straight stems, it ls placed outside the angle, as in geyser; at all other times it is If possible placed inside the curve. The circle is put on the left of up-strokes hay and ray. Exercise —Moore hide rate heap road ride going reap saw ease reach rake rose. Sentences. 1. This boy's name ls Jake, and he has a rake by his side. 2. He will take the rope andgoandtie theoow. 3. Thls boy’fl fiame is James, and he has a spike and a naiL 4. Milo will take them and file them for two hours. KEY TO PLATE 5. 7 Ace eyes thief loathe shave shire weak yoke. 8 Bew wrote rise row rout Reno rising roar. 0 Hoeing shaking heath shoal house hoax height yore. 10 Recede geyser Kaiser miser spacer chosen pacing facing. 11 This week I take my fifth lesson In stenography. Word-Signs. 12—Them [or they] think was your way he are stenography advantage a and [or an] period. Translate lines 13,14 and IS. c i glate 5*

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.-nun tor cneeie. A cow th it gives a large mess of fairly rich milk, as to solids, may be a good cheese cow. but not worth much for butter: or, she may give milk rich in butter fat, but in globules so small that they do not separate freely and perfectly from the milk, and be a good cheese cow, or producer of milk for market, but be unprofitable for butter making. The market doe 9 not demand very rich cheese, that containihg 28 to 30 per cent of fit bringing about as much as that containing 40 per cent, and hence it is not profitablo to make very rich milk into cheese. But it is desirable to retain in the cheese all the fatthere is in tho milk. For this reason.milk for cheese miking needs to be handled very differently from milk for butter making. For the latter, you cannot strain the milk too soon nor too warm from the Cow and set it for creaming. But for cheese making, you cannot stir and air milk too much In a clean atmosphere, nor eool it too soon.