Rensselaer Republican, Volume 21, Number 27, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 7 March 1889 — PRESIDENT HARRISON. [ARTICLE]

PRESIDENT HARRISON.

THE NEW ADMIN' STR ATION IS INDUCTED INTO OFFICE. Th« Lurgut Crowd E»«r Known io Wa*h- . 1 g on is Thorough y Soaked Wi h R <ln--Tho Details of,the Inaugural Ceremonies. Benjamin Harrison, of Indiana, was inaugurated President of the Uni the Stages, Monday, March 4, 1889, to succeed Grover Cleveland, of Now York. The ardor of the occasion was somewhat dampened by the flood of rain that prevailed the entire day, drenching the thousands of spectators as well as making it extremely inconvenient and unpleasant for those more interested. The crowds that had gathered in Washington were larger than ever before known. For a week previous the railroads had been unloading their cargos of human freight, and on the day of the inauguration there were so many that they could hardly hold on to the edge of the great city. Steamboats and wagons also contributed-no little to the number in attendance. The streets were a living moving mass, drenched most thoroughly, but vociferously enthusiastic withal. Every hotel, loft, boarding house and private residence,* it seems, was brought into requisition to house the multitudes, and you may be sure that to sleep a few hours on a cot cost more than the cot itself, four times over. The decorations were elaborate in the extreme. Pennsylvania Avenue, the handsoujest street in the country, was a bower of flags and bunting and an inspiration to the multitude of patriots that hid gathered from the four corners of the land. ... As the hour drew near when the escort was to start with the presidential party for, the Capitol, the promises of the early morning were verified and the rain came down in a driving. shower. The Capitol seemed to float in a sea of mist. Horses bearing -aids dashed to and. fro enveloped in the stesm from their own bodies. Troops hurried to their posts with moisture streaming from, their uniforms and accoutrements. . The p lice began to force the speqtatdrs beyond the cables which ran along the curb, and busy workmen spun wires across the intersecting streets. A forest of umbrellas hid the sidewalks from view. Few, indeed, were the spectators vrho ventured at this hour upon the unprotected grand-stands. The chairs and benches Were covered with pools of water.

At lO o’clock the carriages to convey the Presidential party to the Capitol arrived in front pf Gen. Harrison’s hotel. A few minutes Mr. Morton escorted by Gen. Williams, and Morton escorted by Lieut. Parker U. S. A., appeared and entered the first carriage. A few minutes later Gen. and M"rs. Harrison and the other members of their party descended from their private rooms to the hall below, where they were met by the inaugural committee. The entire party seated themselves in carriages and drove off. In a few minutes the party arrived at Willard’s hotel where the congratulations of privileged friends were received. The party re-entered the carriages and were driven direct to the White House. Great crowds of people blocked the streets and as the distinguished party made their appearance they were received with vociferous cheers. Arriving at the White House they repaired at once to the Blue Parlor where they were soon joined by President Cleveland and his Cabinet. A» the carriages entered the grounds the Seventieth Indiana regiment presented arms and saluted the occupants as they passed. The recognition of Gen. Harrison, their old, commander, was particularly enthusiastic. At 11 o’clock the Presidential party took carriages and the march to the Capitol begun. The carriages were occupied as fellows: President Cleveland, President-elect Harrison, Senators Cockerell apd Hoar in the first; Vice President-elect Morton and Senator Cullom in the second and the members of the Cabinet in the carriages following. President Cleveland seemed in good spirits, and there being some trouble in laising one of the umbrellas, he asked Secretary Fairchild, who was standing by, to let them have his in its place, jokingly remarking, “We are all honest people and will return it.” Secretary Fairchild laughingly responded, “I’m not so sure of that, where umbrellas are concerned, but I will trust you this time.” Mrs. Cleveland and Mrs. Folsom witnessed the embarkation of the party from an upper window and seemed to be specially interested in the proceedings- When the President was faiily seated he glanced up at the two ladies and raised his hpt They both returned the salute, smiling and waving their hands. Mrs. Cleveland watched the carriages drive away and waved an adieu to the occupants of each. She also returned, with a smile, the salutations of several correspondents who raised their hats to her as she turned away. The word was then given and the party moved to the avenue and joined the first division in" the place assigned to it As the first carriage entered the avenUe a great shout arose from the assembled multitude'and was continued for some time. The carriages containing the cabinet officers waited until the entire first division had passed and then entered the line. Pr mptly at 11 o’clock the escorting party began the march to the capitbl in the following order: Mounted police; Third regiment U. 8. artilery; a battalion of lignt artilery; the naval contingent; light battery of sailors; Gen. James A. Beaver* the chief marshal of the day, with Brig. General Daniel Hastings, chief of staff; the special aid-de-camp, mounted on his spirited horse, came next in order, immediately preceding seventy five of the personal escort of the president-elect, the survivors of the Seventieth Indiana volunteers. The President and President-elect and the Vice President-elect in their carriages were sheltered by umbrellas from tbe penetrating rain, but were plainly visible to the populace which cheered and shouted its welcome at every step. Another section of the escort marched behind the cortege. The Third brigade of the first division was made up of the District of Columbia colonial gua* ds, under command of Gen. Albert Ordway. A gatiinggun pattery, with their curious death-dealing machines, brought up the rear of the Bret escorting division. At 11:3$ the music of the bands and the cheering of tne crowd announced the arrival of the van of the escort to the Presidential party., At that time the chief of the Capitol police, attended by six of his assistants, descended the marble steps of the east portico of the Senate wing to keep the crowd from in

trading itself within the prescribed limits. A few minutes later the head of the approaching proeessioimaile its appearance, having left Pennsylvania avenue, and going through the southern part of the Capitol grounds, passing the House of Representatives and coming up the east front to the Senate portico. Upon reaching the portico the party alighted and President Cleveland, leaning on the arm of Senator Cockrell, and President elect Harrison, on the arm of Senator Hoar, ascended the steps amidst the repeated huzzas of the crowd. The second carriage, drawn by four gray horses, next stopped at the staircase and Vice President Morton, leaning on the arm of Senator Cullom, followed the previous party. Presidentelect Harrison and Vice President-elect Morton acknowledged the applause of the multitude by raising their hats and bowing. After going through the door President Cleveland went* immediately to thef President’s room, in the rear of the Senate lobby, and President-elect Harrison and Vice President-elect Morton went io the Vice President’s room at the other end of the lobby and adjoining the marble room. The Senate chamber was the mecca of the distinguished people with tickets of admission. At 10 o’clock the people began to come in and at 11 the room was well crowded. Hannibal Hamlin and Mr. Blaine were greeted with applause. Gens. Fremont and Sherman and MajorGeneral Schofield and aides (in gorgeous uniform) also attracted attention. At 11:10 the diplomatic corps were conducted to their seats. Most of the foreign potentates were bedecked in their “Sunday” best, i. e„ gorgeous uniforms. At 11:45 the Presidential party were admitted—Mrs. HaYrison, Mrs. McKee and others. At 11:59 the President was announced. He came in on the arm of Senator Cockrell, followed bv the ■ members . of the Cabinet. Then was announced the President-, elect, who appeared on the arm of Senator Hoar. The same ceremony was repeated when Vice President-elect Morton appeared. •At 11:59 Senator Ingalls arose and closed the Fiftieth Congress. Vice President Morton waa then sworn in. He' then ascended the forum and called the Senate of the Fiftyfirst Congress, to order in special session. The new Senators were sworn in apd the Senate adjourned. The procession was then formed in'regular order and marched to the east portico of the Capitol. where the President-elect took the oath of office administered by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, ail standing with uncovered heads in the rain. The ceremony was simple 'and solemn, and at its conclusion, a tremendous burst of .applause swelled up from the surrounding multitudes. Gen. Harrison then read his inaugural address. Immediately after, the procession started for the White House. There were 40,000 men in line, and it was indeed a beautiful spectacle. President Harrison and ex-president Cleveland and natty, after the treasury building had been reached, and the procession halted, hastely drove to the White House. They partook of a light lunch and witn the exception of Mr. Cleveland, repaired to the reviewing stand. The crowning event of the day, the inaugural ball took place according to programme. It was an affair brilliant beyond description, attended by 10,000 persons. The President and Vice President reached the ball room at 40:30. After some delay the President and party promenaded once around the ball room floor but did not attempt to dance. They were received with great enthusiasm. At 11:50 they left the ball room for the White House few much needed rest. THE ADDRESS. There is no constitutional or legal requirement that the President shall take the oath of office In the presence of the people. But there is so manifest an appropriateness in the public induction to office oi the chief executive officer of the Nation that from the beginning of the Government the people, to whose service the official oath consecrates the officer, have been called to wituess the solemn ceremonials. The oath taken in the presence of the people becomes a mutual covenant—the officer covenants to serve the whole body of the people by a faithful execution of the laws, so that they may be the unfailing defense and security of those who respect and observe them, and that neither wealth, station nor the power of combinations shall be able to evade their just penalties'or to wrest them from a benefleient public purpose to serve the ends of cruelty or selfishness. My promise is spoken, yours unspoken, but not the less real and solemn. The people of every State have here ti ves. Surely Ido not misinterpret the spirit of the occasion when I assume that the whole body of the people covenant with me and with each other to-day to support and defend the Constltu - tion and the Union of the States, to yield willing obedience to all the laws', and each to every other citizen his equal civil and political rights. Entering thus solemnly into covenant witli each other, we may reverently invoke and confidently expect the favor and help of Almighty God that He willg've to me wisdom, strength and fidelity and to our people a spirit of fraternity and a love of a righteonisnei* and pence. This occasion derives peculiat* interest from the fact that the Presidential term which begins this day is the twenty-sixth under our Constitution. The first inauguration of President Washington took. place in New York, where Cowgreis was then sitting, on the 30th day of April, 178'J; having been deferred by reason of delays attending the organization of the Congress and the canvass of the electoral vote. Our people have al ready* worthily observed the Centennials es the Deelawi tion of Independence, of the battle of Yorkti rfvn and of the adoption of the Constitution mid Xvill shortly celebrate in New York the institu ti'/i of the second great department of our constitutional scheme of government. When the centennial of the institution of the judicial department, by the organization of the Supreme Court shall have been suitably observed, as I trustJt will be, our Nation will have fully entered its second centtiry A RETROSPECTIVE GLANCE. I will not attempt tornote the marvelous and. In great part, happy contrast between pur country as It steps over the threshhokl into itaaeioud century of organized existence under theCoustir tutfon, and tnkt weak but wisely ordered young nation that looked uadauntedly down the first century when all Its years stretched out before it. Our people will not fail at this time to recall.the • incident* which accompanies the institution of govermeut under the Constitution or to find inspiration and guidance in the teachings and exampiegef Washington and his great associates, and hope and courage In the contrast wbieli thirty-eight populous add prospcrousStates oiler to the thirteen States, weak in everything except courage and the love of liberty, that then fringed our Atlantic seaboard. The Territory of Dakota has now n nopul’.tion greater than any of the original States (.except Virginia) 'and greater than the aggregate of five of the small ar States in 1790. .The center of population, when our National Capitol was located, was east of Baltimore, and it was argued by many well-in-formed persons that it would move eastward: yet in 1880 it was found to be near Cincinnati, and the new census about to be taken will show another stride to the westward. That which' was the body has come io be only .the- rich fringe of the nation’s robe.' But our growth has not, been limited >to terrs- . tory, population and aggregate wealth, irarvgloti* as it has been in eaeh of Hiteitions. ' The masses of our people arc bettered. clothed and housed than their ia’ hers Were. The fucill-lii-s fqr popular education have teseii vastly enlarged and more generally dimmed. The virtues of courage and patriotism .have -given recent .proof of their continued presence aijd increasing power in the hearts and over. *tne lives of our people. The influences of religion Jiave. lieeii ■ multiplied and strengthened. Thie sweet offices of charity have Plhe virttic of temi>era>ice is held in higher erthyatipn. We have not attained an ideal condition; not all' of our people are happy and prosperous; Hot all of them are virtuous and'law-abiding, but bn the whole, the opportunities ottered the individual to secure the comforts of life are better than are found elsewhere, and largely better than they Wf re here 100 years ag o. The surrender of a large measure o! sovereign'iy to" the. General Goveruan-ut eaecutd by tue

adoption of the Constitution was not accomplished until the suggestions of reasons were strongly reinforced by the more imperative voice of experience. The divergent interests of pence speedily demand a "more perfect unipn?* the merchant, the schoolmaster and the man'llfacturer discovered and disclosed to our statesmen and to the people that'commercial emancipation must be added to the political freedom which had been so bravely won. The commercial policy of the Inothpceountry had not relaxed any of Its bard and OppriSwive features. To bold in check the develiipinent of our commercial marine, ttyprevent or retard the establishment and growth ot manufactures In the States, and so to secure the American market tor their products, and the carrying trade for their sbf(>s, sp as (he policy of European statesmen and was pursued with the most selfish vigor. Petitions poured in npon Congress, urging the imposition of discriminating duties thut should eneoitrnge the production of needed things at home. The (xitriotism of the people, which no longer found a field of exercise in war, was energetically directed to the duty of equipping the young Republic for the defense of Its Independence by making its people self-dependent. 'Societies for the promotion of home manufactures and for encouraging the use of domestics in the desires of the people were organized in many of the states. The revival at the end of the century of tlie same patriotic interest in the preservation and development of domestic industries and tiie defense of onr working people against injurious foreign competition, is an incident worthy of attention, it is not w departure but if return that we have witnessed. The prptVetive policy had then its opponents. The’argument was made as now that its baniUWs inured to parti- - ctilar classes or sections. If the question -became in any sense or lit any time sectional it was only because slavery existed In some of the States.

SLAVERY CAUSED RTAOXATIO*. But for this there was no reason why the cottonprodueing States should not have led or walked’ abreast with the New England States in the production of cotton fabrics. There was this reason only wtiy the States that divide with Pennsylvania the mineral treasures of the great south’•ii'itcm and central mountain ranges should i ave license in bringing to tnu smelting ,furnace and to' the mill the coal and iron from their opposing hillsides. Mill ■ tires were lighted at the funeral piro of. slaveu'. Ihe emancipation '. proclamation was. hl-ard ! in the depths Of the earth as well ns in the sky. men were made free and material things became our better servants. The sectional element nos? happily been eliminated from the tdiiffl' sioiu We have no longer States that are iideCs>arily only planting States. None are excluded from achieving that diversification of pursuit among .the people, which brings wealth and contentment. |The cotton plantation will notbe less valuable when the product is spun In the country • town by operatives,. whose necessities call for diversified crops, and .«rente ,'a home demand sos garden and agricultural products. Every liew mine furnace and factory in hu extension of the productive capacity of. the . state, more real and valuable than added territory. Shall the prejudices and paralysis Of slavery continue to- hang upon the .skirts of progress? How long will those who rejoice that slavery no longer exists cherish and tolerate the iueapucities it put upon their communities? 1 look hopefully to -the continnanee of onr protective system and to thO consequent development of manufacturing apd mining enterprises in the States, hitherto wholly given to agriculture, aS it potanbinffaience hi the perfect unification of our people. The men who nave invested thefr capital in thessy enterprises, the farmers who have felt the benefit of their neighborhood, and the met? who work in shop or field, will not fail to find and defend a community oof interest. It is not quite possible that the farmers and the promoters of the great mining and manufacturing enterprises which have recently been established in the South.may yet find that the free ballot of the workingman; without distinction of race, is needed for their defense as well as for his own. Ido not doubt that if those men in the South who now accepted the tariff views of Clay and the constitutional expositions of Webster, would courageously avow and defend their real convictions they would not find it difficult by friendly instruction and co-operation, to make the black man their efficient and safe ally, not only in establishing correct principles in our National adminstratlon, but in preserving, for their local communities the benefits of social order and economical and honest government. At least until the good offices of kindness and education shall be fairly tried, the contrary conclusion can not be plausibly urged. A SPECIAL EXECUTIVE POUCY. I have altogether rejected the suggestion of a special executive policy for any section of our country. It is the duty of the Executive to administer and enforce, tn the methods and by the instrumentalities pointed out and provided by the constitution, all the laws enacted 1 by Cotigress.«These laws are general, and their administration should be uniform-and equal. Asa citizen may not elect what laws he will obey, neither may the Executive elect which he will enforce. The duty to obey and execute embraces the constitution in its entirety Mind the whole code of laws enacted under it.. The evil example of permitting individuals, corporations or communities to nullify the laws because they cross some selfish or local interests or prejudices, is full of danger, not only to the Nation at large, but much more to those who use this pernicious expedient to escape their just obligations, or to obtain an unjust advantage over others. • They will presently, themselves becompelled to appeal to the law for protection, and those who would use the law as a defense must notdeny that use of it to others/' If our great corporations would more scrupulously observe their legal limitations and duties, they would have lass cause to complain of the unlawful limitations of their rights or of violent interference with their operations. The community that by concert, open or secret, among its citizens, d'nies to u portion of its members their pi. in rights under the law has served the only safe bond of social order and prosperity. The evil works from a bad canter, both ways. It demoralizes those who practice it anil.de-. stroys the faith of those who suffer by it In 'he efficiency of toe law as a safe protector. Tire man in whose breast that faith has been darkened is naturally the subject of dangerous and uncanny suggestions. Those who use unlawful methods, if moved by no higher motive thm the selfis tiies-i that prompted them, may wc-11 stop and inquire what is to be the end of this*? An unlawful expedient can not become a permanent coalition of Government. If the educated.a'i<LJnlluential clas-ies in a commun ty either p'nclice <>r eoiitiv at the systematic violation of laws that seem t • them to cros* their convenient*, what <*»n they expect when the lesson, that convtnienc ;or a supposed class interest is a sufficient cause for lawlessness, has been well Jeanied- by the ignorant classes’’ A coatm iqity where law Is the rule of conduct and where court-, not mobs,- execute its penalties 4s tire oiffy attractive field for business iuvestmenw and bon- st labor. ou« NEW tIT ZENS. Our naturaliz ition laws' should be so amended as to make the 1 quiry*int> the character and g odplisposi ions of persons applying f>r citizenship mbre careful atid searching. Our ex-i-ting niWs have been in their administration an uninprtssive and often an 'unintelligible form. .We aeeepi the man as a citizen without any knowledg .of ihis fitness, and he assumes the duties of ci’izenship without any knowledge as to wliat’they are- The privileges of American citizenship are so .great and its dudes s> grave that we may welt-insi«t upon a good Koowfevgeof every person anplyyig for citizenship, arid agood knowl dge by him of our institutions. WU’Bhould not cease to be hospiwble to immigration, but we should cease to be c i;eless as to the character of it. There are men bi a 1 races, even >he best, whose coming is neceisarily a bur len up n our p iblic revenues or n threat to-Boeial <>rie.; Thesq should beldenti fled and excluded. ( . FOREIGN RELATIONS. We have happily maintained a policy of avoiding ail interference with European affairs. We have been only interested spectators of their contentions in diplomacy arid In war, ready to usp our friendly offices to promote peace, but nevef obtruding onr advice and never attempting unfairly to coin the distresses of other powers into commercial advantage to ourselves. ■ Wc hate a just right to expect that our European policy will be the American policy of European- courts, ft is so manifestly incompatiljle with those precautions for our peace aiid'safety which all thegreat powers habitually observe and enloree in Hint’ters iiffecting'fhen), that a shorter wuter-way betwlteii our latstcrii and Western seal-oards should bedoiidnated by any Eurofiean Government;' that we may confidently exj>eet that such a purpose will not be entertained by any friendly power. ,We shall in the future, as in the p wt. use'evi ry’endeovot to maintain and enlarge our frfendly relatioiu with ail the great powers, but tbey wfll-not expect us to look kindly us on m y prelect-, that would leave us subject to th dangers of a hostile observation or environ men'. We nave'not sought to dominate or to alisoib any of our weaker neighbors, biit rather to aid arid encbtirage them to establish freiS ibid stable 'governments, resting upon the consent of tl'.'eir owDp->aple. We have a clear right ex[»ect. therefore, that no Eurojpean Government will seek to establish colonial dependenoies upon tha territory of those independent American Stites., That wha. a seaso of justice restrains us 'fivna seeking they may be reasonably expected willingly to forego. It must not be assumed, (however,;* ttpc our interests arc • so exCltunvcly American that our enttaf ' inattention '.to Any events that may transpire el -e----wncre can be taken for granted. Out* citizens, domiciled for tlitf purpose of trade inain-oun-triesand in many islands of the seu, demand and will have 6,ur adequate care in their fatEsonal and commercial rights. The ne< eadties of our navy require convenient coaling stations and dock anil harbor privileges. These and other trading privileges we will f< el free toobtain only by means that do not in any degree MUtake of coercion, however feeble the Govern

inent from which we ask smffi conoMmons. But, having fairly obtained them by methods and for purposes entirely consistent with the most friendly disposition toward all other powers, our consent will be necessary to any modification or iiniial’rmentoi the concretion. We shall neither fail to respect the flag of any. friendly nation or the just rights of Its citizens,\ nor to exact the like treatment of our own Calmness, jristlee and consideration should characterize our diplomacy. The offices of tin intelligent diplomacy or ,of frieiylly arbitration in proper cases should be adequate to the pent idul adjiistmeiurif all international, difficulties. By such methods we will make onr contribution to the world's peace, which no nation values-more highly, and avdid the opprobium which must fall upon the nation that ruthlessly breaks it THE APFOI TINO POWER. The dnty devolved by lawnpon the Trealdcnt to nominate and by and with the ,t»nwnt of the Senate to appoint all public bfficeni whose appointment is not otherwise provided for tn the constitution or by act of Congress, has •become very burdensome and its wise and efficient discharge full of difficulty. The civil Hat is bo large that a personal knowledge of any begc number of the applicants Is impossible. The President must rely upon the representation *rrt others, and these are often made inconsiderately and without any just sense of responsibility. I have aright. I think, to Insist that those who volunteer or are invited to give advice as to iJppointments, shall exercise consideration nnd fidelity. A high sense of duty and ambition to improve the service ihould.characterize all public officers. There are many whys iu which tire convenience and comfort, of those who have business with our jiublie officers may be promoted by a thoughtful and obligt g officer, and ! Shall expect those whom }I may appoint to justify their selection by a eonsplcuoiis efficiency in the discharge of their duties. Honoritblejparty Service will certainly not - lei esU-cnied by me u die qualification for public office, but it will In no " case be allowed to serve as a shield of official negligence, iricompetCney or dulinquency. It Is entirely creditable to seek public office by proper methods and with proper motives, and nlLapplicanteM ill; he treated with consideration. But I shall need, nnd the heads of departments will need,; time for Inquiry and deliberation. Persistent importunity will not. therefore, lie the brat support of an application for office. Heads Of departments, HflFeiiris and all other public • officers • having any*'diitv Connected tnercwith. will l,e expected to enforce the civil BOEvtcp '.tew frilly 'And without evasion. Beyond this obvious duty I hope so do something 0 more to advance the,.reform of the civil service.. The Ideal; or even my own'ldcal, I shall probably not attain. RetroBpeet will be in safer basis of judgment than promises. We shnli not, however, lam sure, be able to put our civil service upon a non partisan basis until we hnye.seeiired an incumliency.that fair-minded men ot-the opposition will . approve for imp ittiallty and* integrity. As the uumiier-drsueh in the civil list is increased, removals from office will diminish, • ~ ~. . THE TREASURY SURPLUS. While a'ireasury 'BHrpliis is not the greatest evil it tea serious evil. Out revenue Bhoukl lie iimple'to meet the ordinary annual demands upon our Treasiity with a sufficient margin for those extraordinary but scarcely less Imperative demands which arise now and then. Expenditure should al ways be made with economy and only upon public necessity. ‘ Wastefulness,pr<dand favoritism in public expenditure:* criminal. But there is nothing in tne condi lion of our country or of our people to sugcesl tlmt ' anythirfg-presently necessary to the public jwosS, security! or honor should be unduly rntet- .“ It wiirbe the duty of Congress wisely to st and estimate these extraordinary ’ demands, and having added them to our ordinary expenditures to so adjust our revenue laws that no considerable annual: surplus will remain. We will fortunately be.able tp apply to the redemption of the public debt any small or unforeseen excess ot revenue. This is better than to reduce our income below our necessary ex-' penditures with the resulting choice between another change of our revenue taws and an increase of the public debt. It fsquite possible, I am sure, to effect the necessary reduction in our revenues without breaking down our protective, tariff or seriously injuring any domestic industry. „ AN IMPROVED NAVY. The construction of a sufficient number of modern war-ships and of their necessary armament should progress as rapidly as is consistent with care and jienei tion In plans and workmanship. The spirit, courage and ski lof our n-vsl officers and seamen have many times in our history given to weak shins »nd inefficie t guns a rating greatly beyond that <-f the navai ti-t. That they will again do so upon occasion I do not doubt, btu thevTiught not by prem>-dita ion or neglect, to be left to the risks and exig ncies of an unequal combat. We should encourage the establishment of American steamship lines. ,The exchanges of commerce 'etnaml state i, reliable and rnp <1 means of eorumunieatimi, and until these are p ovidad the <leve opnient o our trade with th*- States lying south of us Is imiMWsible. Our pension lnws>h<>u d gl> e more adequate and discriminating relief to the Union soldiers arid Bailor* and to their widows a , d orphans. Such occ sions ns this shbuld remind us that we owe everything to their v. lor and satriflee. NEW STARS IN THE FLAG. It is a subject of eongratu ation that'there is a near prospect of the admission into the Union of the Dakotas and Montan* and Wii hin”top Te-ritories. This act of justice has been uri- | r ason ibly delayed in the case of some of them. Tbe people who have settled these Territorire are intelligent, enterprising and patr.otic, and the accession of these new States will add strong ii tothe nation. It is due to the settlers in the Territories, who have availed themselves of the invitations of our land taws to- make homes upon the public domain, that their titles should be speedily adjusted and their honret entries confirmed by patents. ELECTION REFORMS. I' It is very gratifying to observe the general interest now being manifested in the reform of our election laws Those who have been for years calling attention to the pressing necessity of throwing about the ballot-box and alxiut the elector further safeguards, in order that our elections might not only be free and pure, but might clearly appear to be bo, will welcome the accession of any who did not so soon discover the need of reform. The National Congress has not as yet taken control of elections in that case over which the Constitution gives it jurisdiction, but has accepted and adopted the election taws of the several States, provided penalties for their violation and a method of sdpervirfon. Only Die inefficiency of the State taws, or an unfair or partisan administration of them, could suggest u departure from this jioliey. It was eleariy, however, in the contemplation of the framers of the Constitution that such an exigency might arise, and provision was wisely made for it. The freedom of the ballot is a condition of our nar tional life,and no power vested in Congress or in* the Executive to secure or perpetuate it should remain unused upon occasion. The people of all the congressional districts have an equid interest that the election in each shall truly ex< pres* the views and wishes .of a majority of the qualified electors residing within it The results of such elections nre not local, and the insistence of electors residing in other districts that they shall ta- pure and free, doe* not savor at all of impertinence. If, in any of the States,' the public security is thought to be threatened by ignorance among the electors, the obvious remedy is education. The sympathy and help of our people will not' be withheld from any community struggling with special embarrassments or difficulties connected with i the suffrage, if the remedies proposed proceed upon lawful lines, and are promoted by just and honorable methods. How shall those who practice election frauds recover that respect for the sanctity of the ballot which is the first condition and obligation of good citizenship?* The man who has come to regard the ballot-box as a juggler’s hat has renounced his allegiance. Let s us exalt patriotism and moderate our party contentions. Let those who would die for the flag on the field of battle give a better proof of their patriotism and a higher glory to their country bv promoting fraternity and justice. A party success that is achieved by unfair methods or bv practices that partake ol revolution is hurtful and evanescent everi from a party standpoint. We should hold our differing opinions in mutual respeqt, and, having submitted them to tire arbitrament oi the ballot, should accept an adverse judgment with the same respect that we would have demanded of our opponents if the de isKm had been In our favor. iNo other people have a Government”more, worthy of thein respect and love, ora land so magnificent in extent, so pleasant to look upon and so full of generous suggestion to enterprise lifld tabor. God has placed upon our head a diadem aud has laid at our feet power and wealth beyond definition or calculation. But we most no: forget that we take these gifts upon ihe condition that just ce a id mercy shall hold the reins of power and that the upward avenues of hope shall t>: free to all the people. Ido not mistrust the future. Dangers have been Infrequent ambush along our path, but » e have uncovered and vanquished them all. Passion has swept some of our commun txs. but only to give us anew demonstration that the great body of o w people arc stab e, pa ti io tic tnd law-abiding. No political partv ean tong pursue advantage at the eX- s ’ penseoi publ c honor or by. ru.le and Indecent methods without protest and fata! disaffection in Its own body. The only hopeful agencies of c liuuero. are more f ully revealing the necessary unity of allour lommunities and increasing inter oune of our people is nromothig *• utual resjieet. We shall liud unalloyed pleasure in i tbe rev< tatiori. which our next 3*ensus will mak*:, of the swift developmeiHof >ne gre*t bsourvi- of some of the States. Each Suite will bring it* generous contribution to the great »g----grex.it oi tbe Nation’s increase. And. when . the harvests from tbe flalds. the cattle from the hills nnd the ores ol tile earth shad have been w-cig ed, i ritinted igM.valneil, we will turn from them al'to ero vn with,the highest honor Hie suite tha has most promoted edu-ation. virtue, justice and patriotism among it* jieopta