Rensselaer Republican, Volume 19, Number 31, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 7 April 1887 — Page 7

HOME, FARM, AND GARDEN.

Talks with the Farmer, Orehardis 1 , Stock-Breeder, Poulterer, and Housekeeper. Hints on House Decorations, Kitchen Economy, and the Preserration of Health. FARM ECONOMY. Buying Feed for Stork. Most farmers will agree that it is more profitable to feed coarse grain grown on the form than to sell it, providing they have the right kind of stock. But it is not considered good practice to buy feed for the same purpose. Keally, however, there is no difference except the snving of labor in using home-grown grain. The real trouble is that so much farm stock is not worth keeping. Farmers feed their scrub stock the grain grown at home regardless of whether it pays or not. When it comes to buying grain, which requires money, then they are more cautious, as here comes in the average farmer’s natural and laudable fear of running into debt. Light and Heavy Hay. In the various rules for estimating the amount of hay in bulk, not enough difference is allowed' for the variation in weight depending on the condition when cured, the exposure to rains, and other causes. The same sorts will have much less weight in proportion to bulk after being dried out by a cold winter. Hay that has been bleached by long exposure to rains will always be light in weight, and be proportionably less valuable than even its weight would indicate. The soluble iuices which give hay its greatest value have been washed out by rains, leaving an undue proportion of woody fiber. There is besides a considerable variation in the original constituents of grass- and hay, depending on the character of the soil on which it is grown. Farmers on wet, mucky, and overflowed land complain that their large crops of hay do not pan out well when brought to the weighing scales. Timothy grown on such soil has coarse, h0110w... stems, with smaller proportion of leaves. Such soils are often deficient in mineral fertilizers, and a dressing of phosphate when the land is seeded makes the crop better and the hay richer and heavier. Still this coarse hay is salable and does not exhaust the soil as does hay grown on upland. This may be one reason why the bulk of hay sold is grown on low, mucky, or overflowed lands. Drainage and Outlets. Year by year the thorough drainage of land is attracting more and more attention in the West. There is no one thing that is of more importance. Years ago the drainage of land was supposed to be so fine an art that a drainage engineer must be employed to superintend the work. Where the fall is so obscure that it is not so apparent to the eye, this may be necessary now. It is also necessary when ah extensive tract of drainage is to be undertaken involving an elaborate system of mains, “wells,” and “peep” holes. * Ordinary drainage on the rolling prairies of the West and our ordinary so-called flat lands may be accomplished by beginning at the lowest point of outfall and preserving a continuous and fairly equable water current in the bottom of the ditches. It is not the present purpose to elaborate the science of drainage, but to call attention to the preservation of the outlets intact. An outlet in which permanent water is running does not freeze up. But if the current eeases, as is apt to be the case in winter in many instances, the tile will burst. The reason is that the seeping water freezes the outlet full, and so far back as this occurs the tile will burst, in accordance with a well-known law. Another disability is the breaking down of tile from disintegration by the air where exposed. This latter disability may bo prevented by using vetrified tile for that portion at and near the outlet, extending so far into the land that frost will have no effect, say for a distance of eight feet. Bursting of the tile may be obviated by increasing the pitch (inclination) of the tile near the outlet. 1 Thus, in case you find the drains do not drain, as it is termed, look to the outlets. The difficulty will generally be found at the outlet from disintegration of the tile, or within -three feet of the outlet.. 'Where thero is a free and constant current of water through the tile no difficulty will be experienced. The plan prevents freezing. The reason is that, the constant current being comparatively warm and kept constant, by that which presses from behind, freezing is impossible.— Chicago Tribune. STOCK-BREEDING. Feeding Little Pigs. \ A pig will learn to drink milk as easily as will a calf, if from any cause it cannot get a sufficient supply from its dam. Many sows have more pigs than they have teats, hence feeding one or more becomes a necessity. It will be best to feed several times a day, and only a little at a time at first. If the sow is confined in the pen she should be liberally fed and with a large proportion of skim milk. When the pigs are two weeks Old they may be led a little milk in a yard adjoining the pen, where they can eat by themselves. Throw a few handfuls of oats for the sow. The pigs will soon learn from her to pick up the grains, which will be excellent for making “strong, healthy growth, and the oats are probably the best grain feed to make the sow give an abundance of milk. Breaking Horses. The horse is not, generally speaking, a ■vicious beast, and in breaking colts there is only the element of fear through ignorance to overcome at first, and this is comparatively an easy matter to accomplish if the trainer maintains a uniformly kind, firm, consistent, and confident behavior towards the animal from the very start; for we must know that it is of the utmost consequence that the first handling Rhonld be -correct, as the impressions on a colt, as on other “young and plastic natures,” in any ( initial undertaking, is the deepest and most lasting, and if bad, it is next to impossible by any amount of kindness afterwards entirely to efface them from the horse’s memory; but by persistently following the course recommended the trust of the animal can very soon be wm. This point gained, it is an easy task to educate him—to make him understand what we want him to do, and he Will be ready to da it, provided we are reasonable and grndge his duties by his abilities and look ckrefully to his natural wants. Maslerjrlbrough fear is a very uncertain hind of mastership, and not to be depended ■on in after life on the occasion of new situations or in unexpected dilemmas, when the nnimal, lacking that unshaken trust in the humanity and intelHgence of_his.rider •or driver, becomes bewildered and scared, and disaster mayhap is the result, all for the want of a little of the commonest kind of sense practiced at the beginning of the equine career. Nine-tenths" of all the balky animals also are made so by the Vacillating and unreasonable treatment their young lives are subjected to. Even the “obstinate mule,’' I am convinced, if understandingly managed from the start, Would soon cease to d>e proverbial.

The writer has known instances (and no doubt others have also) where young obits have been harnessed to a carriage for'the first time with scarcely any trouble and driven off almost as steadily and safely as an old roadster, the only previous training being halter breaking, and this was very easily accomplished by* the humanitarian method of treatment apd discipline. I am well awnre that! have in the above broached nothing new to most stockmen; but these general principles of morality and utility in horse lore, merely hinted at here, appear-to be sadly over-looked and neglected, and many horsemen are disposed thoughtlessly to trust the drilling and management of - such animals to those who comprehend their nature, needs, and capabilities about as well as a hog does international law or a monkey decimal fractions; and the consequence is many are mined or spoiled in some way that otherwise might have become very valuable beasts.— Correspondence Inyo (Cal.) Independent. DAIRYING. Dairying in Ireland. A review of the Irish bntter trade in 1885 says that that year will stand out in the records of the butter trade as the cheap year, prices having been then at a lower range than for the past quarter of a century, The remarkably Tow prices were not confined to the produce of one country, but prevailed in all the butter-producing districts, and ruled in all the butter markets of the world. If there had been a short supply of butter, prices might have remained moderately high, but in 1885 not only was there a lessened purchasing power, but there was a very large supply, not alone of imported butter, such as firkins and other packages from Ireland nnd abroad, but the farmers of Great Britain have of late years been increasing the make of print or fresh butter, and the local supplies of this have to a great extent relieved certain districts that were formerly large buyers of imported butter from the necessity of having so much of any, thus narrowing the area in which imported butter finds a market. The Cork market showed an increase in its supplies, the following being the relative returns: In 1884, 311,321 firkins; 1885, 340,844 firkins; increase in 1885, 29,523 firkins. There is to be noted in Irelandan extention of the factory system. The factories already Jin' operation have shown good results, several new butter factories are projected, and with the improved appliances and methods adopted, and with neater and more convenient packages, the Irish dairy farmers, who have such great natural advantages in soil and climate ought, it is said, more generally to be able to produce the very highest class of butter as indeed some of them already do, some of the butter sent in last year being of such really fine quality that it could not possibly be excelled. But, it is added, there should have been more of this fine quality. The capabilities of the country to produce it were practically unlimited. It only wanted two things—technical education and proper application—to increase the make of this class of bntter enormously, and every effort, either public or private, to enable the farming class to get these, will be added to the wealth and prosperity of the country. Dairy Motes• Habk Comstock in the Country Gentleman relates how a big milk yield was made; “A gentleman stated that annual milk yield of a very famous cow,when another dissented from the amount. ‘How much do you understand it to have been?’ asked the first. “Four bucketsful,’ was the reply. ‘How do you make that out?’ ‘Because as often as she was milked the milk was weighednnd set before her, ana she drank it; so at each milking-time the same milk was weighed over again.’ ” Cream cheese is made in England as follows; Take a quart of cream, or, if not desired very rich, add thereto one pint of new milk. Warm it in hot water until about 98 degrees, add a teaspoonful of rennet, let it stand till thick, then break it slightly with a spoon, and place it in a frame in which you have previously put a fine canvas cloth, press it slightly with a weight, let it stand a few hours, then put a finer cloth in the frame; a little powdered salt may be put over the cloth. It will be fit for use in a day or two. In an address on butter-making at the Wisconsin dairymen’s convention, Col. Curtis said: “Not only every dairyman but every family should have a supply of ice in the summer. No expensive icehouse need be built for this purpose. Select a crowning or elevated point of ground from which the water will ran in alt directions. Cover a sufficient surface with a foot or eighteen inches of straw, then snugly pile on this all the ice you want. Be sure and get enough of it. Over this pile make a stack of straw —you have plenty of this —three or four feed all around when it is thoroughly settled together, and four or six feet thick on top. This is all that need be done. When you want ice, dig in and gel it, being sure to carefully close the opening made. In this way any family that can gather the ice in winter may enjoy this luxury aH through the summer, and have a needed supply for dairy purposes. POULTRY-BREEDING. 3 he Cost of Poultry. Five cents a pound will cover the expense of raising chicks to the age of three months. That is for the feed, but we must also consider that in order to hatch and raise a brood of chicks, there is the value of the egg from which the chick is produced, the interest on capital invested in quarters, fences,- etc., and the labor of caring ior the fowls. The larger the number of chicks raised the smaller the expense proportionately, as but little more care nnd labor is required for a larger number than a smaller. In one lot of 3,000 chicks on a farm in New Jersey, a strict account of all- the expenses developed the fact that while but 5 cents was required for producing a pound of poultry, the total cost for -building, labor, feed, and interest, was 9 cents. This sum may be safely festimated as the maximum cost of producing a pound of poultry; but H may be reduced or increased in proportion to the number raised, the larger the number, as we stated before, the smaller the expense for each .chiek. /The expense for food will not be diminished or increased, but the building, fences, and labor, will fluctuate in value according to the number. It has been estimated that the cost of the quartern amounts to about $1 per head, or, rather, that it requires about $lO to build a house for tenfowls. and SIOO for 100 fowls, but it is apparent that the larger the house the cheaper the cost proportionately, while, so far as the labor is concerned, one can as easily feed 100 fowls as ten, aud also keep the,quarters clean more economically i as compared with the fewer number. Yet, in the faCA of inese advantages Tnj i favor of the keeping of poultry in large 1 numbers, the general result heretofore has i been that the smaller the number the larger the profits, a result entirely at variance with the rules applying to all other industries. This can only be accounted for on the supposition that the small flocks receive more attention than the large ones, . and it is probably the 6olntion of the problem. Those who have a few fowls only, are careful to feed them a variety, and the quarters are made as comfortable as posi sible, not a day passing by that somo of

the family does not assist in caring for the fowls, while large numbers are often over- . looked, and many of the essential details neglected. The cost, of course, depends upon the labor, but with a small flock there is a bestowal of labor which is not valued, being performed by children and ladies ’as a source of pleasure, but which would be considered as an important item in an account kept with a large flock. That 9 cents will cover all the cost is a fair estimate, nnd it leaves a large margin for profit if the chicks are hatched early and advantage be taken of high prices. Even if only 12 cents per pound be realized, the profit is 33J per cent., which is much larger than may be expected from many other sources. —Farm and Garden. FRUIT-RAISING. I-oeating an Orchard. If an orchard is to be planted in the spring it is important to secure a good location. The small trees should not be placed where they will become unsightly, as they grow larger. Often a fine prospect is destroyed by putting an orchard in front of the house. But in the rear of farm buildings, especially on the windward side, an orchard is invuluable as a windbreak. The barns, corn crib, and pigstye should also be placed in rear of dwellings, that the manuro may be more convenient to the orchard than to any other part of the farm, and also that the orchard may be used for a pig run during the season of fruiting. Cultivating Blackberries. In an essay published in the transactions of the American Pomological Society, Mr. G. Cowing writes: A rich and welldrained clay Soil is most favorable to the blackberry. On such a soil I have never known some of the most hardy sorts to be injured by the most intense cold, while I have seen them much injured or killed in more sterile ground. This does not accord with the belief of many who claim that a pjph soil causes a rank growth which is easily winter-killed. Cultivation late in autumn should be avoided, nnd the plants should be allowed to rest and mature their wood. A deep and rich soil is necessary to the production of large and luscious fruit. To prevent the effects of drought I regard a heavy mulch of leaves or straw as better Than cultivation. The best wild blackberries are always found near brash heaps or rotten logs. In planting, the rows should be seven or eight feet apart. The plants should be two feet npartin the row, nnd I have found strong sucker plants to be quite as satisfactory as those from rootcuttings. 1 recently pruned some rows of the Taylor kind irom sucker plants, transplanted sixteen months before; they were generally three and ono-haif feet high, three feet across the top, and presented the dense and compact appearance of a well-kept hedge. For pruning such a line of plants a grass-hook or sickle is best. To save time and labor, it has often been my practice when planting blackberries to plant strawberries in rows with them and in rows midway between them. Some of my best strawberries this season were from plants set last year along with blackberries. All blackberry plants, when three feet high, should have their terminal buds nipped, to force them to throw out lateral shoots. A severe nipping is often necessary to produce a compact and sturdy growth capable of resisting strong wind. The berries should not be picked until sweet, nor oftener than twice a week if intended for a home market, nor after being picked should they be exposed to a burning sun, as such exposure will change their color from black to red, and give them a bitter flavor. But few varieties of blackberry worthy of general cultivation have yet been tested. The Lawton, introduced about twenty-nine years ago, was the first generally cultivated. Kittatinny followed it, and proved slightly hardier and of better flavor, but very liable to rust, and not sufficiently hardy to be reliable in the West. Snyder, Taylor, and Wallace, all originating in Indiana, nnd Stone, from Wisconsin, have since been introduced and found to be the only sorts that can be profitably planted west of the Alleghenies and north of the Ohio River. They are all remarkably productive, vigorous, free from disease, and of the most luscious flavor. Snyder is the first to ripen,and its earliness is a strong point in its favor; when grown on rich ground its berries are above medium size. The berries of Taylor and Wallace are larger than those of Snyder, and are hardly equaled in their exquisite flavor by those of any other variety, and I can think of no reason why they should not prove profitable in the South.

COOKtNG. Choice Beclpes. Hominy. —Cut cold hominy or hasty pudding into thin slices, dip each piece into well-beaten egg and fry on a griddle.. Onion Sauce.— Boil some onions in milk with pepper, Sait, and nutmeg. When quite done pass them through a sieve. Put some butter and flour into a sauce-pan, when the butter is melted and well mixed with the flour put in the pulp of the onions, and add %ither milk or cream, stirring the sauce on the fire until it is of the desired consistency. Lemon Sauce. —Grate the yellow rind and squeeze the juice of one lenmn; mix ■together, over the fire, one ounce each of butter and sugar, until they bubble; stir in half a pint of boiling water; one ounce of sugar, the rind and. juice of the lemon and serve in a’saUcfe-boat with the dumplings. Do not let the sauce boil after adding the lemon or it will be bitter. LemON Pudding. —Take six eggs, beat them well; boil half a pint of milk; let it cool, but before it cools put into it two ounces fresh butter, when it is perfectly cold mix it with the eggs; then add two tablespoonfuls of sifted white sugar and the juice of a lemon; line the dish with puff paste and pour in your pudding; bake it in rather a quick oven for half an hour. Serve it hor. Delicate Indian Pudding. One quart of milk, two heaping lablespoonfuls of Indian meal, four of sugar, one of butter, three eggs, one teaspoonful of salt. Boil the milk in the double boiler; sprinkle the meal into it, stirring all the while. Cook twelve minntes, stirring often. Beat together the eggs, salt, sugar, and half a teaspoonful of ginger. Stir the butter into tho meal and milk. Pour this gradually on the egg mixture. Bake one hour. Cheese and Egg Salad.—Boil six eggs hard nnd cut each in two transversely. Remove the -yelks and rub them smooth with a little pepper,'salt, and melted butter and grated cheese in the proportion of a teaspoonful to each egg. Cut a small piece from the end of each halved white so that the cup may stand up, till them with the cheese and yelk compound and arrange them on the leaves of lettuce, prepared as the preceding recipe. Pass the dressing and let each guest help himself. Ghovnd Rice Pudding.— One quart of milk, five tablespoonfuls of ground rice, four of sugar, one teaspoonful of salt, six eggs, half a cupful of butter. Put tie milk iu the double boiler, reserving half a cupful. Mix the rice and cold milk together, and stir into the milk in the boiler when this is hot. * Stir constantly for five minutes. Add the salt, butter, nnd sugar and set away to cool. When cold, add the eggs, well beaten. Bake one hoar in a moderate oven. Serve with cream sauce.

SENATOR SHERMAN.

Report or His Nashville Speech—Why Tennessee Ought to Be a Republican State. No Division of the Colored Vote Can Take , Place Till Negroes Have Their Bights. We present below a liberal synopsis of Hon. John Sherman’s speech, delivered at Nashville, Tenn., on the 24th ult.: Senator Sherman said he accepted the invitation of the Republican members of the Tennessee Legislature to address them because he believed a fair presentation of the principles of the Republican party to the whole people of the State would induce them to join “in a public policy that will contribute to the interests or the people of Tennessee and of the whole country more aud greater benefits and advantages than can possibly be conferred upon them by the Democratic party.” After referring to the slavery controversy, and the repeal of the Missouri compromise, Senator Sherman continued: I still regard the repeal of the Missouri compromise as nothing less than a crime, and therefore I, with the great mass of the Northern Whigs and Democrats, as a patriotic duty, resolved, so far ns I could, I would secure to Kansas and Nebraska free institutions, and thus restore the status quo. This was done," as 1 thought, bv the election of Abraham Lincoln. Had his election been acquiesced in the South now knows how kind, forbearing, and conservative would have been his policy; for, of all the public men I have met. he, more than any other, combined the loving kindness of a woman with the moderation and wise forethought of a statesman. Both sides felt that the abolition of slavery was the necessary result of the war, aud it seemed to us if the slaves were to be free they must be armed with the privileges of freemen, and these were secured to them by constitutional amendments. The attempt to enforce these rights by national authorities has thus far partially failed, and now it is conceded that under the limitations of the Constitution the rights'of the citizen of a State can only be enforced through State or national tribunals. I trust that the time is not far distant when the people of every State will feel it to bo just and expedient that every citizen of the State shall be protected in the free and equal enjoyment of every right and privilege conferred by the Constitution of the United States. The Bepublican party is pledged to this policy, and, though it will use no unconstitutional means to secure equal rights, it will be false to its principles if it does not use all its moral and legal power to that end. Sectional feeling will continue to exist as long as large masses of people, whether poor or rich, white or black, are denied their rights to share in self-government. It sets a bad example, which the criminal classes in the North have in some cases eagerly adopted to oheat at elections, as in Cincinnati two years ago. It also produces inequality of representation between the North and South, and this keeps up sectional lines in party politics. It opens the way to the corruption and fraud which in time destroy all pretense of republican government. The freedman in the full enjoyment of his rights will divide between parties as other citizens do, and his labor will become the great factor in the wealth and prosperity of the region in which he lives. It is now contributing its full share in building up with marvelous rapidity the region I have recently traversed, and will be of infinitely more value to the South than the heedless and listless labor of slaves in the olden times. Win these people by kindness und a just regard to their constitutional rights, and they will vote with you and do their full share to make the South rich, prosperous? and happy. At this time the only articles made in this country subject to national taxation are whisky, tobacco, and beer. They have been continued so long only to pay expenses growing out of the war, such as pensions and interest ou the public debt, aud because from their very nature the tax cannot be levied by State authority. If Tennessee Bhould tax the production of manufacture of whisky, tobacco, or beer, it would only drive the manufacture into neighboring States which levied no such tax. Another reason why these articles are taxed by Congress is that the tax is easily and cheaply collected, and is more freely paid than any other. In this way over $100,000,000 of national revenue is raised. But these taxes, though not felt as a serious burden, can be dispensed with, reduced, or modified whenever it is deemed best. There 3 till remain the duties levied on Imported goods, and in the mode of doing this liep the main issue between the Republican and Democratic parties. Both parties concede that these taxes or duties on goods imported from foreign countries must be, as they have been in the paflft, the main source of national revenud.’ Tthe Democratic party claims, however, that they shall be levied for revenue only, while the Republican party claims that, while levied for revenue, they should be so adjusted as to protect, foster, and encourage American industry. The domestic production of manufactured articles in the United States for the year 1886 is rouldly estimated at $5,500,000,000, of which amount about one-half, or $2,500,000,000, are domestic articles which oompete with foreign’ productions. The amount of importations from abroad in 1886 was of the value of $625,000,000. The revenue received from the duties on these articles amounted to $188,000,000, making an average rate of duty of about 30 per cent. Tho general idea of the Democratic party is to levy these duties by such a rate approaching an ad&ilorem average rate as probably would produce the requisite revenue. The Republican idea is practically embodied in the tariff laws as they now exist. , Of the $625,000,000 of goods imported, $211,000,000 —or more than one-third—are now admitted duty free. The remaining $414,000,000 are subject to duties varying from 10 per cent, to over 100 per cent, it is the general policy of the law to admit free of duty all articles of foreign production that cannot be produced in this country, for which we have not the natural soil aud climate, and yet which are in common use in every family here, such as tea, coffee, and similar articles. The second rule is to admit free of duty all raw articles which cannot be produced in t‘-is country and are the necessary basis of domestic manufactures. Such articles as chemicals, indigo, sulphur, indin rubber, raw silk and the like are admitted free of duty: Under this provision perhaps 500 art cit s described in sixteen pages of the document I hold in my hand, Being the annual report of the imported merchandise for consumption in the United States for the year 1886, are admitted free of duty. On the remaining articles of import, embracing probably more than 1,000 in number, the whole customs duties are collected, amounting to $1h8.000,000. These are ■ classified into: First, luxuries, consisting * of wines, liquors, and ci are —articles con- : stlmed mainly by the rich, which pay duty at a rate approaching or above 1(0 per cent, i These are articles which cannot be readily smuggled, can be certainly described and

yield a large revenue. Jewelry, difisonds, and the like are articles of luxury, upon which the highest duty is levied that can be collected, but as they are easily concealed on the person, and, therefore, easily smuggled, rates of duty are imposed upon them as high os experience shows can be collected. There are also classed as luxuries a large amount of expensive dress goods, such as silks, fine clothß, satin or furbelows, aud the like, mainly for gentlemen’s and ladies' wear, which also pay a high rate of duty, and are purely articles of luxury or ornament consumed by the rich. The next class of articles are those which enter into competition with domestic manufactures, such as cotton goods, linen goods, woolen goods, aud innumerable articles made out of metals, and also raw articles like iron, coal, and similar natural products. Upon these articles are such a duty levied as will, without destroying competition, give to the domestic manufacturer of similar articles what may be called a protective duty ranging from 26 to 75 per cent., sufficient to encourage their manufacture in this country, and thus to increase and diversity our products. There is a third class of duties on a great variety of articles which come into competition with tho productions of the farmer and the planter. Among these are wool, live animals, wheat, and various forms of grain, sugar, rice, and other productions of the South. On these such a duty is levied as will encourage our farmers in producing every article of agriculture suited to our climate and soil. Under these general groupings may be classed all the numerous articles embraced in the tariff, with duties on each carefully adjusted for the protection of home industry. This protective policy has been recommended by every President of the United States prior to Martin Van Buren, and by statesmen of all sections, but was never put into.effective force until the ascendency of the Republican party in 1861. The first really protective tariff was passed in the closing hours of Mr. Buchanadministration, and is purely a Republican measure, though signed by him. We have had now an experience of twentyfive years under this system, and we can judge of its effects by actual results; In 1860 the total manufactures of the United States were estimated at $180,000,000, including every variety of mechanical employment. As I have already stated, these have increased to over five billion dollars in value aud nearly five-fold in quantity, and they include almost every article essential for human life. In the production of all these articles there is now free trade and close competition in the United States, and the price has been greatly reduced on all of them. They embrace almost every article used on the farm, in the workshop, and in nine-tenths of the families of the United States. Our industry is so diversified that there is hardly an object of desire outside of luxuries of the rich that is not produced in’, the United States,, and our home industries are rapidly displacing the foreign article ot similar character and quality. ■Formerly manufactures were confined to a small region of the country, mainly in New England and the East, and now these manufactures are diffused all over the United States, especially in the North, and rapidly extending to the South, especially to Tennessee aud Alabama. In tnis way we bring together the consume# and the producer of nearly all the articles necessary to human life and happiness. We give to the farmer a home market for home products, so that now of all the products of the farm over 90 per cent, is consumed in this country, and less than 10 per.ceht. exported abroad, though the aggregate of exportation of food products amounts to nearly $500,000,000. In this way also we secure to, T tho laboring man far better wages than are paid in any country of Europe, enable him to be self-reliant and self-respecting, to educate* his children, and to enjoy the substantial comforts of life. It is this system, by which onr industries have been increased and diversified, which makes this country, others, the strongest, the richest, and<|(appiest among the nations of the world. You in Tennessee are now beginning to enjoy the benefits of this system. Vou have, perhaps, in your State a greater variety of natural resources than any other. You are as deeply interested in the tariff question as Pennsylvania, for there is nothing in the way of natural resources in Pennsylvania that you do not possess in Tennessee. All that is needed to make your State rich and prosperous beyond all former experience is to accept the* Republican policy of protection. Indeed, all that is needed iu Tennessee is- that it should become a Republican State. If the Democratic party has any fixed creed or policy it is in opposition to protection. Mr. Carlisle, in his recent speech in Boston, says that the Democratic party is unalterably opposed to any tax except for revenue only. But I sometimes doubt whether it has any creed or policy. I do not doubt the integrity and honesty of purpose of our Democratic neighbors, but 1 do doubt their capacity as a party to deal with thßse great business questions. Take another question, in which you are as deeply interested as any portion of the people of the United States, and that is the currency question. | Mr. Sherman here eulogized the financial policy of the Republican party. ] He said: Within a .few days I have been in Cuba, and had an experience with this kind of money. A gold dollar was worth 100 cents; a paper dollar was worth 40 cents, and intrinsically worth nothing. Why is it the Democratic party in the olden times, when it had almost continuous power, could not deal with the currency question? It was simply because, from their narrow notions of the powers of the National Government, they would not allow, or denied the power of Congress to provide, a national currency. Tne untohj, loss by their system of finance to the peo--ple of all the West can only be measured by hundreds of millions of dollars.

So also as to the education of the people. The Republican party is in favor of aiding the States in the education of illiterate children by liberal appropriat ons of public money. This is considered an object of the highest public policy, for without intelligeuce no people can safely be trusted with political power. This is especially true as to the South, where a large population has been converted by the results of war into citizens with political power. In the last Congress the Senate of the United States passed a bill making a large and liberal prov sion to aid the States in the education of their children. The Democratic party has thus far been able to defeat the proposition. I notice from the message of your Governor that he is in harmony with the Republican party on this question. Take also the question of internal improvements, I believe, in common with the ltepubl can party, that it is the dnty of Congress, from money in Treasury not otherwise appropriated, from time to time to make proper appropriations for national improvements. , ■ Continuing Mr. Sherman said that if 1 “Jim” Blaine had been President he would htrave signed the Bill that Cleveland vetoed. ■ At the conclusion of his speech Mr. Sherman was enthusiasti ally app auded ] and was congratulated on all sides, many ; Democrats crowding to the platform to thank him for his words of fraternal kindness. *

INDIANA STATE NEWS.

l —Charles D. Hilderbrandt, one of the most noted criminals of modem times, who claimed to have been reformed, died at Evansville recently. He was taken with pneumonia, and although he received the best medical attention and nursing, his shattered constitution conld not withstand the disease, and after ffiucb suffering he passed qnietly away. Hilderbrandt began his careqr of crime when a mere child, receiving a thorough schooling at the hands of a gang of thieves. He wae a member of the famons Qnantrell guerrilla band. He was also a member of the outlaw band of James boys. Out of forty-nine years of his life, twenty or more were spent in various prisons in this country. —A shocking accident occurred six miles south of Warsaw, by which Will Walton, a young farmer living just outside the city limits, lost his life. Walton and Fred Moon, a young grocer, were duck-shooting at Muskalonge Lake. While walking through the marsh surrounding the lake, a duck flew over them, and both raised their guns to 6hoot. Waltou slipped and fell backward, bringing his head directly in the range of Moon’s gun at the moment the latter fired. The load took effect in the back of the head and neck, and death was instantaneous. The men were tho best of friends, and have hunted together for years. —Circulars are to be sent to the county health officers by Secretary Metcalf, of the State Board of Health, calling attention to the requirements of Section 2151 of the Revised Statutes, relative to the enforcement of tho fire-escape law. It is also the purpose of the Board to see that the hotels and places of amusements here are provided with suitable means of saving life in case of fire. No epidemic diseases have been reported to the Board from any point in the State.

—At Milroy, Rush County, Wesley Martin, Methodist class-leader, ejected A. L. Jenner, a young man, from church for disorderly conduct, and he sought to get even with him by securing his conviction for assault and battery. The trial took place in the Town Hall, before a jury of twelve men. The defense claimed that Martin did rightln preserving order at the church, and asked his acquittal on that ground, and the jury returned a vedict of not guilty. —On April 21 a Sunday-school convention will be held at Liberty Church, near New Richmond, Montgomery County. Addresses Will be made by Rev. Thos. Birch, of Crawfordsville; Rev. S. Garrigus, of Lindon; Rev. J. F. Foster, of Crawfordsville; Rev. Aaron Wood, D. D., of Yountsville, and W. H. Orr, W. M. White, Eva M. Miller, Jessie B. Freeman, Rev. Maxwell, Fred Sbanklin, Betty Thompson, D. S. Morris, Maggie Jones and others. —A distressing accident occurred at Seymour, which resulted in the death of Mrs. Sarah Cooley, an estimable lady, the wife of Matt Cooley, am old resident. Mrs. ! Cooley was a devoted member of the M, E. Church. She attended.services at church, and upon her return home she took a portion of what she supposed was quinine, but which proved to be strychnine. The poison caused her death within an hour. —Wheat in Nbrlhem Indiana is still in an unusually advanced state, and as the season is so far along it is probable that growing crops will not suffer from any suddeu change of the weather. The outlook for both grain and fraits is still excellent. There is a prospect for a larger crop of peaches this year than for several years, as the trees are known not to have been damaged by. the last winter. —The second spring meeting of the Indiana Academy of Sciences will be held on May 19 and 20 at the “Shades of Death,’* near Wavelapd, Mongomery County. The committee on arrangements —C. R. Barnes and B. W- Everman, of Brookville —request that members who expect to be present notify them by postal card at the earliest pot-si hie moment.,—,. —The Lafayette City Council has ordered the claim of Dr. Isaac 0, Walker, of Indianapolis, against Latayette for infringement of certain patents used by tho Fire Department, paid. Dr. Walker asked SI,BOO damages, bnb accepted $1,500 in payment. Other cities in the State are involved in similar claims. —Patents have been issued to the following inventors in Indiana: J as. K. Triname, Indianapolis, chimney; Jacob L. Paynter, assignor of one-half to J. P. Kyle, Salem, pulverizing cultivator; John P. Brown, assignor to M. E. Brown, Rising Snn, fence machine; Henry J. Banta, Logansport, brake for vehicles.

—The ticketoffiee ak the Wabash depot, at LaPorte was burglarized, and several dollars were taken from the money-drawer. Some four or fire holes were drilled in the safe, but an entrance was not effected. The thieves were probably frightened away, as their tools were left in the office. —Levi Kemper, a prominent farmer of Tipton County, was run over by a Wabash engine, attached to the pay-car at Atlanta City, a small station south of Kokomo, and was instantly killed. . Kemper was attempting to eross the track with a team. Both horses were also killed. —Col. B. P. De Hart, Prosecuting At-' toraey, is making a vigorous crusade against Lafayette liquor dealers for selling to minors. About thirty convictions have resulted, with heavy fines in each case. His energetic work is commended by the lawabiding citizens. —The result of the competitive examination held at Marion by Congressman Steele, to elect a naval cadet toAnnnpolis, was announced. The lucky boy is Clement C. Gober, of Grant County. There were seventeen competitors for the honor. —Oil of the same quality as that at Findlay, Ohio, has been found at Peru. —The Governor has appointed Judge Milton S. Mafhty, of Paoli. as Prosecuting' Attorney for the judicial circuit of Monroe, Orange, and Lawrence counties, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Abraham Noblett. —William Miller, a lad oMhirtoen years, riding on the tender of »■ locomotive on the Wabash Railway at Fort Waynes fell off, struck his head on a rail and cracked his skull, causing fatal injury. —Capitalists from Cincinnati and other cities are investing in laud In and about Portland, lad. Natural gas is the magnet.