Rensselaer Republican, Volume 19, Number 6, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 14 October 1886 — Page 6

DECEMBER 3.

That Is the Day Set Apart lor the Dkecation of the Convicted Anarchists . '< Judge Gary Asks Them for Reasons Why They Should Not; Be Hanged, AaA They Reply with Argirtnent, Denunciation, InTeclivc, and Tirade Against Capital. The motion to secure a new trial for the convicted Chicago anarchliU has failed, and Frl...4ay, the Sd of December, been fixed aa the dxj of execution. .U IXiK GARY'S DECISION. Seasons for Kl'Finiinf to Grant the Anarchists a New Trial. The Court bej;an by saying that the case was no voluminous that it was ini]>ossible, within reasonable limits, to Rive a synopsis. Be did not understand that either upon the trial or the argument on the motion had the defense attempted to deny tliat the defendants, except Nee be. w ere combined for some purpose. The object of that oombination had been debated by the counsel. It whs important to know wbat that fact was, whether it w hs merely Jo encourage the workingmen to resist unlawful attacks, or whether it was something else. There wae no better way than to read what they had apoken and written as to the object of the combination while the events were occurring. He would therefore read from the files of the Alarm and ArbeiUr-Zeitiing w hat the defendants tbe naelves have said, beginning as far back as Jau. BUMS. The court then read at length from the flies of the pajiers In question, choosing such articles as would throw the clearest light upoii the purposes of the defendants. He then said : “The papers and s)leeches furnish an answer to the argument of the counsel, that w hat they proposed was simply that they should ana themselves, so as to resist any unlawful attacks which the police or tin* militia might make upon them. “Now, there can be no claim thaj this was a lawful object. There can he no claim but that the force which would extend In the carrying out of that object to taking human life is murder. It is Impossible to argue that any set of men have a right to dictate to other men whether they shall work or not for a particular individual, and if they choose to work in defiance of that dietHtion to drive them off by force, and if the police undertake to prevent the use of that force, thentbev have the right to kill the police. It is impossible to contend for any such principle as that" He review ed at length the connection of Neebe with the conspiracy, and clearly showed that be was associated generally with it in encouraging the movement which had for its object the destruction of the Government. Upon the question whether the defendants or any of them did anticipate or expect the throw- ' ing of the bomb, he Bald that it was a question not necessary to consider, because the instructions to the jury did not go upon that ground, but upon the ground that they had generally by •peech and print advised a large class to commit murder, and had left the occasion, time, and place to the individual will, whim, and caprice of the individuals so advised, and that in consequence of that advice and in pursuance of it and influenced bv it somebody not known did throw the bomb. The crime was nothing leas than murder, and manslaughter was not to be considered. If verdicts were to be set aside for the cause urged.it was a sure way to bring about anarchy, since there would be no way to maintain government and administer Jaw. The Court closed by saying: “I think that no case at such magnitude could be tried with less in the way of irregularity of proceedingdn the trial than in this case, and the motion must be Overruled." “Prisoners at the bar,” spoke Judge Gary, “for the first time during these painful and protracte l proceed Inga it is my duty to speak to you, and call upon you individually and'separately now to ask whether you have anything to say why sentence should not be passed upon you according to the verdict of -the Jury. I will first call upon Mr. Neebe."

SPIES SPEAKS. He Denounces Capitalists, Berates Justice and Says He'll Die Game. August Spies rose before a little table upon ■which his notes were placed, along with a glass of water, wearing a plain black suit with a but-ton-hole bouquet, stroked his hair back over his •oxnewhat intelligent forehead, and perspired freely, indicating the great strain upon his physical powers which the critical situation imposed upon him He spoke for three-quarters Of an hour. We present a few choice extracts from his remarkable speech. He began by asserting that there was no evidence connecting him with the Haymarket massacre, and declared that the execution of the sentence •gainst him would be "nothing less than a willful, malioious and deliberate murder, as foul a murder as may be found in the annals of religious, political or ahy other sort of persecution. “The class that clamors for our lives, the good and devout Christians, have attempted in every way, through their newspapers and otherwise, to conceal the true and only issue in this case by designating the defendants anarchists and picturing them as a ticwl_y dis-y oovered frilfe or species of canniSali",'~hy inventing shocking and horrifying stories of their ■conspiracies. Tnese Christians sought to keep the naked evidence from the working people—namely, that the evening of May 4 two hundred armed men under the command of a notorious rolliau attacked a meeting of peaceable citizens —with w hat intention ? With the intention of murdering them—of murdering as many as the v could. I refer to the testimony, given' by two of our witnesses. Tbe wage-workers of this city began to object to being fleeced too much. They began to say some truths that were highly disagieeable to our patrician “class. They were discontented. They put forth some very modest demands. They thought that •eight hours' hard toil a day for scarcely two hours' pay was too much. This* low rabble had to be silenced The only way to silence them was to frighten them and'murder those whom they looted up tn as Unlit leaders. Yea. these foreign dogs had to be taught a lesson, so that they might never again interfere with the higb-h&nded exploitation of their benevolent and Christian families. Bonfield, the man who would brine a blush of shame to the murderers of St. Bartholomew night—Bonfield, the IHustridus. with a visage that woiild have ■done excellent service to Dore in portraying Dante's Fiends of Hell— Bdnfield was the man to consummate the conspiracy of the Citizens' Association of our patricians; And if I had thrown that bomb, or caused it to be thrown, or had known of it, I would not hesitate a moment to state so. It is true a number of lives were lost and many were wounded.; but hundreds of lives were thereby saved. Hut for that bomb there would have been a hundred widows and hundreds of orphans where now there are a few. These facts have been suppressed, while we were accused and convicted of conspiracy by the real conspirators and their agents. Tins, your Honor, is one reason why sentence should not be passed by a court justice. ■ “It has always been the opinion of the ruling classes that the people must, be kept in ignorance. They lose their servility, their inodestv, and obedience to the arbitrary' powers that be as their intelligence grows. The education of a blacksmith a quarter of a century ago was a criminal offense. Why? Because the intelligent slave would throw off his shackles at whatever cost, my Christian gentlemen. Why is tbe education of the working people to-day looked Upon by a certain class as treason against tbe «tate? For the same reason. Tbe state, however, wisely avoided this point in the prosecution of the case. Tbe court this momihg stated that there is no ease in history like this. I have noticed during this trial thai the gentlemen of

tiie legal profession are not well versed in history- Again, in all historical cases of this kind the truth had to be perverted by the priests of the established powers that were nearins their «nds. 'We have explained to the people the different phenomena of the social laws and circumstances under which they occur. We have further stated that the wage system as a specific form of social development would, by the necessity of logic, have to make room for a higher form of civilization; that ths tem was preparing the way arid fr.mi-iim.' oie foundation for a social system of co-operation That is socialism. We have said that the tendency of progress seemed to be toward anarchism ; that is, a free society, without king and classes—a society of sovereigns in which the liberty and economic quality of all will furnish an unshakable equilibrium as a condition of natural order. It is not likely that the Hon. Bonfield and Grinnell can conceive of a condition of social order not held intact by the policemen's club and pistol, nor of a free society without prisons, gallowses, and State's Attorneys. In such a society they would probably tall to find a place for themselves. And is this

the reason why anarchism is such a pernicious and damnable doctrine T Griitpell has informed us that anarchism was on trial. If that is the ease, your Honor, very wall, yon may sentence roe, for I am an anarchist I believe with Itnckle, with l’aiha, Jefferson, with Emerson, with Spencer, and many other great thinkers of this century that the state of caste and classes, the state where one class dominates and lives upon the labor of another class, and., calls it order, should be abolished. You may pronounce your sentence upon me. honorable Judge, but let the world know that in the year Anno Domini IKHB, in the State of Illinois, seven men were sentenced to death because they had not lost their faith In the ultimate victory of liberty and jnstios "We, who have jeopardized our lives to save society from the fiend that has grasped her by the throat, that seeks her life-blood and devours her substance : we, who would heal her bleeding wounds, who would free her from the fetters you have wrought around her, from the misery you have brought upon ber—we are her enemies. We navel preached dynnunte, it is .said, and we have predicted from the lessons history has taught us that the ruling clasess of , to-day would no more listen to the voice of reason than their predecessors, and they would attempt by brute largo to stay the march at progress. Are not all the large industries of this once free courttry conducted under tho surveillance of th” police, the militia, and the Sheriff? “If you think that by hanging us you can stamp out the labor movement, then call your hangman. Hut you will tread upon tho spark. Here and there, behind yon, in front of you, and everywhere, flames will blaze up. Tho ground is on fire on which,ton Rtund. You cannot understand (t, Y'ou do not believe in witcncraft, but you do holies e in ‘conspiracies.' 'You want to stamp out .the conspirators, the agitators? All, stamp out every factory lord who has grown wealthy upon the unpaid laliorof his employes ; stamp out every landlord* who has amassed a fortuno from the reut < t overburdened w< rkingrneri and farmers. Y'ou, gentlemen are the revolutionists. Do you, in your blindness; think you can stop the tidal wave of civilization and human emancipation by facing a sow jkilieemen, a few Gatling guns, some regiments of the shore? Do you tliink you can frighteiMUio rising waveß back into their unfaMiomahtc depths by erecting a few gallowses in tha perspective ? Y’ou w ho oppose the natural forces of things, you are the real revolutionists. You and you alone are the conspirators and deBtruetionists.

"Skid the Court vosterdav : 'These men (referring to the Board of Trade demonstration) started out with the express purpose of sacking the Board of Trade Building.’ Well, I cannot see what sense there would have been in such an undertaking. Hut I will assume that the 3,000 workingmen who marched in that procession really intended to sack the building. In this esse they would have differed from the respectable Board of Trade men in that they sought to recover the stolen property in a lawful way, while the others sack the entire country lawfully and unlawfully. This being a very highly respectable profession, this court of justice and equity proclaims the principle that when two persons do the same thing it is not the same thing. I thank the Court for this confession. It contains all that we have taught, and for which we are to be hung, in a nutshell. It iH a respectable profession when practiced by the privi'Bged class, but it is felony when resorted to in self-preservation by the other class. This is order. Unis is the kind of order that wo have attempted, and are still trying as long a.-i we live, to alsilish. . ' ' "Cook ujion tho economic battlefield. Look at the starving pariahs,.the miners in the Monongahela Valley, or pass along the railroads of that great benefactor, the most orderly and lawabiding citizen in tue country, Jay Gould, and then tell me whether this order has in it any moral principle, and why it should be preserved. I say that tho preservation of such an order is criminal, is murderous. It means the preservation of the systematic slaughter of children and women in factories. And last, but not least, it means the preservation of past struggles and riots and bloodshed. That is your order, gentlemen. Yes, and it is worthy of you to be the champions of such an order. You are excellently fitted for that purpose. You have my compliipenti / ’ ’ " ‘These men.’ GrinnOll said repeatedly, 'have no principles. They are common murders, robbers, assassins,’ and so forth. I admit that our aspirations and objects are incomprehensible to the unprincipled ruffians. But the assertion is an infamous falsehood. Articles have been read here from the Arbn ter-Zritu ng and the Alarm to show the dangerous character of the defendants. Those articles generally followed and commented upon some atrocity committed by the authorities upon striking workingmen. They were picked out and read to you. Other articles were not read to you The other articles were not what the State wanted. And upon these articles the State's Attorney, who well knows he tells a falsehood when he says so, says these men have no principles. “When anarchism gains its point there will not longer be any use for policemen and militia to preserve so-called peace and order—the order that the liussian General telegraphed to the Czar after he had massacred half of Moscow, “Order is retored in Moscow." Anarchism does not mean bloodshed, does not mean chaos, arson, and so forth. These monstrosities are the characteristic features of capitalism. Anarchism means peace and tranquillity to all. "It is true that we have told the people time and again that the great day of a change was comiug It is' true that we have called upon -the people to arrote prepare Tor that day. This seems to.be the ground upon which the' verdict is to be sustained. But ‘when a long train of abuses and usurpations pursuing unvaryingly the same objects evinces the design to reduce the people uuder absolute desjrotism it is their right and duty to throw off such Government and provide new guards for their future safety.’ This is a quotation from the Declaration of Independence. If you think you can crush out these ideas that are gaining ground more and more every day, ii you would once more have people suffer tie penalty of death because they dare to tell the truth, then I say you may call your hangman and tam acsiiii mv frlt-ndsovorto farm. YYe have not told anything but the truth. I defv you to show us where we told a lie. I shall die proudly and defiantly in the cause of truth, as so many martyrs have done whom I could name to you, and among them is Christ."

THE LESSEK LIGHTS. Neebe Wishes He Was Going to Hang, Too Lingg Becomes Abusive. Michael Schwab followed the chief anarchist, reading a manuscript speech, which he held in both hands, through a pair of old-fashioned -spectacles, in an awkward position, and with a bad voice. He remarked that he would have kept silence if keeping silence did not look cowardly. He went over much of the same ground occupied by Spies, pictured the sufferings and Jiardsbiivs of the working people, and extolling the excellence of socialism and anarchy. Oscy Neebe then took the floor, speaking without notes in a firm, strong, grating voice, with a decided German accent He said that he had been marshal of a procession and chairman of a laepr meeting, and for those offenses he had.been accounted it criminal and convicted. He devoted some "time to denouncing the detectives of Chicago, called Grinuell and Furthmau scoundrels to their faces, and said that Mr. Ingham was the only gentleman aiming the attorneys for the State. Mr. Grinnell had caused him to be indictee in order to crush out the Arbeiter-Zeitunff, but he hud found his mistake. To-day that paper had two pressesmstead of one, a’ud now the workingmen reading its language owned their own paper. He explained bis connection with the labor moVement, and disclaimed all connection-with the Havmarket business. He enumerated tins various “crimes' which, he said, he had committed, but according to his own account these were all virtuous deeds on liehalf of the cause of labor. He pictured the terrible poverty of the lower classes of laboringmen in the city, and said that - when “these rats were let out of their holes then lookout.' The police had searched his home and found a red flag and a revolver. They had acted like wild Indians. He was sorry t hat he could not be hanged with the rest of the prisoners. Then liis wife and children cotttd'visit his grave. Now they would have to live under the stigma that he was a criminal in the penitentiary. *

Adolph Fischer explained as to the printing of the -Hevenge' circular, .and said that when he would be, sentenced to death it would be not because he was a murderer, but be-* cause he was an anarchist When he first began to speak Attorney Salomon advanced with the intention of giving the prisoner some instructions, but was rtceivcd with a rebuff; "lion't bother me ; I know what to say," was the reply. He made but a brief address, was very sulkv, and out of temper w ith his attorneys and all concerned. . t He was followed by Txnris I.ingy. who spoke in German. He said that the bombs he nn.de were not the sabie as that exploded at the Havmarket He spoke it; a vpry lon l voice, and frequently pounded the table with his clenched fist in .accentuation of his remarks, w’alking ' nervously ~np— and down the —space— which had been cleared to accommodate the speakers. He frequently turned upon Mr. Grinnell and his co-attorneys with outtmrsts of wrath and'German invectives in a style which led to some apprehensions that he was about to pounce upon them. His address was simply a tirade against the police and the authorities generally. He concluded by saying that' if he was hanged thousands of others would use dynamite after he was bead. He defied the law and despised 'its administrators, and would go to the gallows in ■ the cause of dynamite against unjust oppression of the capitalists.

George Engel spoke next, using the German tongue: "This Is the first time," said he, “I have ever stood before an American com t, and at that 1 find myself condemned to death. I am brought to this by the same causes that compelled me to leave the fatherland. I have seen »lth ray own eyes that ii> this freest and richest country in the world there are existing proletawho are cast out from every omer of society. I saw human beings who fished out their food from the slop-barrels on the streets in order to exist from day to day. I read of examples in the daily papers, which prove to me that in tlii. glorious oountry hero are people condemned to die from hunger. I became sorry for having left my own land, and asked myself what are the jr aeons that could bring about inch a state of things. / * -es-yrri "I liavo lost my respect for American laws. 1 am convinced, and this conviction no one can tear out of my heart, that the proletariat, by means of machinery, will gain power to educate themselves. Not even those can hinder It who tr*-i.lay arrogate to themselves the government of the workingmen." Engel lifted his voice and flourished his right hand over his Head os he cried : "In spite of all, anarchy will exist; if not in public, it w ill exist in private. It the State's Attorney thinks by sending seven men to the gallow s ami another one to the jieuiteutiary ho can break up anarchy, he is mistaken. He can only change the tactics, he cannot stop the movement. Nothing enn stop the workingmen from making bombs, and they will' be used. I am convinced anarchism cannot be rooted out." Engel wound up with a tirade-against the capitalists and coal barons. He was followed by Sam Bidden, wjho prefaced what he had to sav by reciting a poem from tho German of Ferdinand Freiligrdtb, entitled, "Bevolution." The first stanza was as follows : And tho’ ye caught your noble prey within your hangman’s sordid thrall, And tho' your Captive was led forth beneath your city's rampart wall, And tho' the grass lies o'er her green, where, at the morning's early red, The peasant girl brings funeral wreaths, I toll you still—she is not dead. After eulogizing the poet, Fielden declared he himself was a revolutionist; that it was only a crime to be a revolutionist w hen the man entertaining Ruch ideas was a poor man ; among intellectual jieople it was no crime. He declared he had been arrested and indicted for murder but had been tried for anarchy. Fielden took up the Haymarket meeting and discussed his speech at great length, claiming that it was not incendiary in any sense, and that there was no excuse for the interference of the police. In closing, he said : “Y’our Honor, with due respect to your years, I wish to say this, that it iH quite possible that you can not understand, having lived in a different atmosphere from what wo have lived in, how men can hold such ridiculous, ideas. T have no doubt that you have Jett that way. Y'et it is well known that jScrsons who live to a very ripe old age very seldoin chaiige their opinions. But I impute no wrong motive in that. It is a natural result. But we do claim that our principles will bear discussion, investigation, and criticism. “If I can say anything in the Interests of humanity, in the interests of liberty, equality, and fraternity. I would say it now. Take heed! take heed ! The time, my friends, is not far off. The swift process of reduction of the masses into a condition of depravity and degradation, as is evinced by the ni mbers of men out of employment, shows us clearly where we are going. YYe cannot deny it. No thinking man, no reasoning man, no friend of his kind can ignore the fact that wo are going rapidly onto a precipice. “Your Honor, I have worked at hard labor since I was eight years of age. I went into a cotton factory when I was eight years old, and I have worked continually since, and there has never been a time in my history that I could have been bought or could have been paid to say a single thing by any man or for any purpose which I did not believe to be true. To contradict the lie that was published in connection with the bill by the grand jury charging ub with murder, I wish to say that I have never received one cent for agitating. "To-day, as the beautiful autumn sun kissel with balmy breeze the cheek of every free man, I stand here never to bathe my head in its rays again. I have loved my fellow-men as I have loved myself. I have hated trickery, dishonesty, and injustice. The nineteenth century commits the crime of killing its best friend. It will live to repent of it. But, as I have said beforq, if if will do any good I freely give myself up. I trust the time will come when there will be a better understanding, more intelligence, and, above the mountains of iniquity, wrong, and corruption, I hope the sun of Righteousness, and truth, and justice will come to bathe in its balmy light an emancipated world. I thank your‘Honor for your attention." Albert R. Parsons followed Fielden. With a flower In his button T hole, water, lemon,-red handkerchief, and a bundle of manuscript on the taDle before him, it was seen at once that he is vain and affected. He rolled his “r’s” and his eyes, said “me" for my, was gentle as a lamb one second and frothed at the mouth the next. He paced up and down, stood on his toes, and crouched to the floor. Ho aimed to be dramatic, and Succeeded only in being sensational and“vehement. Almost his first utterance showed the character of his address, as with dramatic gesture and intense tone*, he thundered forth : “I will tell the truth though my tongue be torn from my mouth, and my throat cut from ear to ear, so hdp me God i” Continuing, he said fYour Honor, I Stand here as one of the people, a common,, man, a workingman, one of the millions, and I ask you to give ear to what I have to say. Y'ou stand as a bulwark ; you stand as a brake between them and us. You stand here as the representative of justice, holding the poised scales in your hands. You are expected to look neither to the right nor to the left, but to do that by which justice and justice alone shall be subserved. Now, the conviction of a man, your Honor, does not necessarily prove that he is guilty, Your law books are filled With instances where men have been carried to the scaffold and after their death it has been proven -that-the murder was judicial; that it was a .jasScM cud. tan lm sub*, served in hurrying this matter through in the manner in which it has been done? Where are the ends of justice subserved, and where is truth found in sending seven human beings at the rate of express speed upon a fast train to the scaffold and an ignominious death? Why, if your Honor please, the very method of our extermination, the deep damnation of our taking off. appeals to your Honor’s sense of justiee, of rectitude, and of honor, A judge may also be an unjust man. Such things have been known. ' < ?

“Now, I hold that our execution, as the matter stands just now, would be judicial murder, and judicial murder is for worse tlian\|ynch law—far worse. But, your Honor, bear in mind, please, this trial was conducted by a mob, Csecuted by a mob, hv the shrieks and the rls of a mob, an organized powerful mob. That trial is over. Now, your Honor, you sit here judicially, calmly and quietly, and it'is for you now to look at this thing from the standpoint of reason and of common sense. There is one peculiarity about the case, yoilr Honor, that I wantto call your attention to. It was the manner and the method of its prosecution. On the one side the attorneys for the prosecution conducted this case from the standpoint of capitalists as against labor. On the other side, the attorneys for the defense conducted this case as a defense for murderers, not for laborers, and not against capitalists. The prosecution in this case throughout has been a capitalistic prosecution, inspired bv the instinct of capitalism, and I mean by that by class feelings, by a dietatoriar right to rule and a'denial to common people the right to say anything or have anything to say to these men. They conducted this trial from that standpoint throughout. “The capitalistic press has taken great pains to say that socialists tight machinery ; that we light property. Why, sir, it is an absurdity, it is ridiculous, it is preposterous. No man ever heard one of us speak who ever heard an utterance front the mouth of a socialist advising anything of the kind. They know to the contrary. We don’t fight machinery; we don’t oppose these things. It is only the manner and the methods of it, your Honor, that we object to. That is all. It is tbe manipulation of these things. When we see little children huddling around the factory gates, die poor little things whose bones are not_yet hard, when we see them clutched from the hearthstone, taken - away from the family altar, and carried to the bastiles of labor, and their little bones ground up into gold dust to bedeck the farm of some aristocratic Jezebel, then it stirs the manhood in me, and I speak out. We plead for the little ones; we plead for the helpless ; we plead for the oppressed ; we seek redress for those who are wronged: we seek knowledge and intelligence for the Ignorant; we seek liberty for the slave; we seek the welfare of every human, being." i r-iiTTgr-. z. .. .u:. % A Torse, married woman was very much worried during the recent storm. Her husband had just bought a cow and pat it in tbe barn. As soon as it commenced to thunder, the lady rushed wildly to the kitchen and cried to her cook: “Run, Mary, and shut that stable door. If that cow hears that thunder.it will turn her milk sour.” ■ A Kentt cky woman has nearly reformed her husband by persuading him to use bottles of whisky as weights for the clock. The ofteuer he drinks the slower the dock goes, and the longer be has to , wait for his meals.

JUDGE GARY’S LAST WORDS.

Passing Sentence Upon the Convicted Anarchists—To Be Hanged by the Seek Dec. 3. [From the Chicago Tribune. ] •Iq tones so-low and sympathetic that those not immediately around the bench cOuldwlth difficulty catch the import of his words, Judge Gary began his address to the prisoners. V\ hen he came to the formal pri nouncing of the sentence, even Parsons, seemingly In spite of himself, fixed his eye upon his face, Spies listened to the words of doom with steadfast eye and defiant smile. Schwab’s face was grave and inscrutable. Neebe looked excited. Fielden pulled at bin long beard. Lingg and Fischer gave no outward signs of emotion, and Engel's manner was as stolid as ever. Far more agitated than the prisoners was Judge Gary himself. His voice fell lower and lower. As he pronounced the words “hangid by tho neck" ho paused, turned in his chair, and the concluding wpriis, "until dead,” were barely audible. The full text of bis address and the sentence is as follows : I am quite well aware that what you have said, although addressed to me, has been said to the world; vet nothing has been said which weakens the force of the proof or the conclusions therefrom upon which the verdict is based. You are all men of intelligence, and know fffat* if the verdict stands it must be executed. The reasons why it shall stand I have already sufficiently Btated in deciding the mp-tion-for a new trial. I am sorry beyond any power of expression for your unhappy condition, and for tho terrible events that have brought it about. I shall address to- you neither reproaches nor exhortation. Whut I shall say shall be said in the faint hope that a few words from a place where the People of the State of Illnois nave delegated the authority to declare the penalty of a violation of their laws, and spoken upon an occasion so solemn and awful as this, may come to the knowledge of and be heeded by the ignorant, deluded, and mißguided men who hav6 listened to your counsels and, followed your advice. I say in the faint hojie; for if men are persuaded that because of business differences, whether about labor or anything else, they may destroy property and assault and beat other men, and kill the police if they, in the discharge of their duty, interfere to preserve the peace, there is little ground to hope that they will listen to any warning. It is not the least among the hardships of the peaceable, frugal, and laborious poor, to endure the tyranny of mobs w ho, \\ itb lawless force, dictate to them, under penalty of peril to limb and life, where, when, and upon what terms they may earn a livelihood for themselves and their families. Any government that is worthy of the name will strenuously endeavorto secure to all within its jurisdiction freedom to follow the lawful avocations and safety for their property and their persons, while obeying the law, and the law is common sense. It holds each man responsible for the natural and probable consequences of his own acts. It holds that whoever advises murder is himself guilty of the murder that is committed pursuant to his advice, and if men band together for a forcible resistance to the execution of the law, and advise murder as a means of making such resistance effectual, whether such advice be to one man to murder another, or to a numerous class to murder men of another class, all who are so banded together are guilty of any muider that is committed in pursuance of such advice. The people of this country love their institutions, they love their homes, they love their property. They will never consent that, by violence and murder, those institutions shall be broken down, their homes despoiled, and their property destroyed. And the people s,re strong enough to protect and sustain their institutions and to punish all offenders against their laws; and those who threaten danger to civil society, if the law is enforced, are leading to destruction whoever may attempt to execute such, threats. The existing order of society can be changed only by the will of the majority. Each man has the full right to entertain and advocate by speech and print such opinions as suit himself, and the great body Of the people will usually care little what he says. But if he proposes murder as a means of enforcing, he puts his own life at stake. And no clamor about free speech or the evils to be cured or tho wrongs to be redressed will shield him from the consequences of his crime. His liberty is not a license to destroy.. The toleration that he enjoys he must extend to others, and not arrogantly assume that the great majority are wrong and may rightfuUy be coerced by terror or removed by dynamite. It only remains that for the crime you have committed, and of which you have been convicted after a trial unexampled in the patience with which an outraged people have extended to you every protection and privilege of the law which you derided and defied, that the sentence of that law be now given. In form and detail that sentence will appear upon the records of the court. In substance and effect it is that the defendant Neebe be imprisont d in the State Penitentiary at Joliet at hard labor for the term of fifteen yt ars. And that each of the other defendants,-be-tween the hours of ten o’clock hi the forenoon unddwo o'clock in the afternoon of the third day of December next, in the manner provided by the statute of this State, be hung by the neck until he is dead. Remove the prisoners. Capt. Black—Your Honor knows that we intend to take an appeal to the Supreme Court in behalf of all the defendants. I ask that there be a stay of execution in the case of Mr. Neebe until Dec. 3. Mr. Griunell—lf the court please, that is a matter that usually stands between counsel for the defendants and the State. Every possible facility will be granted you, and no order can possibly be entered of record which would not be other but that will be allowed. Everything shall be granted you in that, particular that good sense and propriety dictate. Instantly upon the pronouncement of the sentence all was confusion. Every eye was turned upon the prisoners, who rose from their seats as though from force of habit and without volition. The .spectators rose also and the relatives of the condemned men pressed forward. The- court caUed sharply for order and the heavy wand of the crier descended upon the bar. The women shrank back and the prisoners hastily resumed their seats. Only for an instant, however, for the bailiffs, seeing that it was but a burst of natural affection*- let Nature have her way. Mrs. Parsons alone did not heed the crier's gavel, but rushed forward and threw her arms about her husband's neck as he stood at his chair. She hid her face in his neck and he .bent hia -head until his face was concealed from view in her arms. Husband and wife retained their attitude for nearly a minute. Then she released him and turned away, her dark face hard and tense and her eyes dry. As she turned away Gen. Parsons threw his arms about his brother’s neck, and the two men hid their faces on., each other's shoulders. Spies, with a careless smile on hia face, shook hands with his sister and other relatives, and spoke a few reassuring words to their tearful expressions of sympathy. As he turned to go Mrs. Parsons rushed up to him, threw her arms about his neck, and kissed him vehemently on the lips. The other prisoners received the expressions of sympathy quietly and filed out of court without betraying emotion of any kind, handsome Louis Lingg looking even more indifferent and scornful than usual.

Some Further Excerpts from'Parsons’Six Hours’ Harangue. Do you think, gentlemen of the prosecution, that you will have settled the case when you are currying my lifeless bones to the potter’s field? Do you think that this trial will be settled by my strangulation and that of my colleagues ? I tell you that there is a greater verdict yet to be heard from. The American people will yet have something to say about this attempt to violate their right which they hold sacred. It is proposed by the prosecution here to take me by force and strangle me upbn the gallows for these things I have said, for these expressions. Now, your Honor, force is the last resort; it is the last resort of tyrants ; it is the last resort of despots, of oppressors, and he who would strangle another because that other does not believe as he would have him, he who would destroy another because that other will not do as he says, that man is a despot and a tyrant, and unworthy to live. Now, your Honor, I speak' plainly ; I speak as an anarchist; I speak as a socialist; I speak as a wage slave, a workingman Now, does it follow because I hold these views that I committed this act at the Haymarket? My own deliberate opinion concerning this Haymarket affair is that the death-dealing missile was the work, the deliberate wnrk. nf. monopoly—the act of those who themselves charge us with the deed. lam not alone in this view of this matter. What are the real facts afih»t Haymarket tradgev? Mayer Hagrison, of Chicago, has caused To be published his opinion, in which he says: “I did not believe thsEt' there was any intention on the part of Spies and those men to hive bomba thrown at the Havmarket." He knows more about thi3 thing than the jury that sat in this room, for he knows—l suspect that the Mayor knows—of some of the methods by which some of this evidence and testimony might have been manufactured. I don’t charge it, your Honor, but possibly he has bad some intimation of it, and if he has he knows mare about this case and the merits of this case than did the jury who sat here. «.

AN OLD-TIME DUEL.

The Meeting Between James Watson Webb and T. F. Marshall. [Philadelphia Times.) “Political differences are settled easier nowadays than they were a half century ago,” said an old, gray-haired statesman. “1 remember distinctly,” he "continued, “when James Watson Webb, oijie of the, great editors of the olden time, lay wounded at the United States Hotel, on Chestnut street. He was shot in a duel within twenty-five miles; of the city by a Kentucky statesman, Col. Thomas F. Marshall, sdn of Chief Justice Marshall. That was forty-four years ago this summer. The duel took place early in the morning in a lonely field skirting the Delaware State line, below Marcus Hook. Josiah Randall, ex-Speaker Randall’s father, was one of the participants. An ill feeling had arisen from a congressional debate on the repeal of the Bankruptcy bill of 1841. About the same time Monroe Edwards was convicted in New York of forging drafts to the tune of $60,000 on bankers and others in that metropolis. Among those who defended Edwards in court was Col. Tom Marshall. An editorial paragraph from the pen of Col. Webb, published in the New York Courier and Enquirer read as follows: ‘We learn that the Hon. T. F. Marshall, after wandering about the country some thirty days, lecturing on temperance and giving his experience as a devotee of the bottle, has returned to defend the notorious Monroe Edwards. For his forty days’ absence he will draw from the Treasury $320 for making a mountebank of himself and devoting his time in advocating the claims of a notorious scoundrel.’ In addressing the jury, Marshall adverted to this attack, and spoke in a meaning way of charges made against him and fellow-members in receiving, by way of bridery, British coin to the music of SIOO,OOO apiece. The defeat of his client and other grievances were too much for Southern blood, and the satisfaction then usually exacted among gentlemen was demanded.” “After some skirmishing a meeting was held in Wilmington and preliminaries settled. The arrival of the parties becoming noised abroad, by a clear recourse to stratagem they out-man-euvered legal vigilance. Dr. Carr and Dr. Gibson, son of Prof. Gibson, of this city, waited on the six-foot-two Kentuckian, while Major Morell, proprietor of the Courier, and Dr. Tucker, a Virginian, then residing here, did the honors for Col. Webb. Josiah Randall was present as a friend of the editor. He was then, like Col. Webb, a staunch Whig. By daybreak ten paces were measured off and a stone placed at the extremities of the line. Major Morell tossed a coin for choice of. position. The silver falling in the grass caused some controversy, but Marshall settled it by impatiently calling out to his second: “Give it to them, Doctor. I came here to have a shot at him, and I do not mean to be baffled by trifles. ” “We ask you to give nothing,” proudly answered the Major. “We ask but what is our right. ” Again the coin spun upwards and fortune was again with the New Yorker. The duelists and tlieir friends were searched, acto stipulation. “Gentlemen are you ready?” sang out the Major, as the sun was struggling into light. “I am,” said the Colonel. “I am not,” put in Marshall, now the object of general observation. With a searching, earnest look at Col. Webb lie flung off his coat and slowly lifted his liat and tossed it aside. “Now, sir, I am ready.” The Major distinctly commanded: “Fire—one, two, three.” The simultaneous report made some believe at first that only one had fired. Both were wide of the mark. “Another shot,” shouted Marshall," raising his pistol. Again came the signal, and Col. Webb was observed slightly staggering. Ho was prevented from falling by one of the seconds. Upon the surgeon reporting to Marshall that Colonel Webb was wounded below the knee, lie thundered out:’ “Hit in the knee! It is the lowest act of my life; -We must exchange another shot; that man has injured me more than any being on earth. If he can stand I expect and demand that we shall exchange fire again.” The bystanders interposing, the matter was left to the surgeon’s decision, who made it understood that it was impossible, owing to-the-Colonel’s- condition, to continue the matter at present. The irate Southerner thereupon shrugged" his shoulders and observed: “We have no further business here and may as well return to the hotel.” The wounded Colonel was laid up some time in the United States Hotel. He took it good-naturedly, and upon one occasion lie facetiously remarked: “I am confined to, bed under Marshall law.” Under the statutes of the State of New York he was tried and convicted,, but evecutive clemency being evoked, interposed in his behalf. Col. Webb was appointed Minister to Brazil by President Lincoln, and while Ja that position he was credited with obtaining a settlement of the claims of the United States against that country, and of being instrumental, through his intimacy with Napoleon 111., of having the French troops withdrawn from Mexico.

He Was Confident.

There is a suburban youngster who is evidently intended by nature for a lawyer, if nature can be said ever to liave intended a man to be a lawyer. He has two prayers that he says at night—sometimes the one and sometimes the other; one is the dear old “Now I lay me,”and the other a prayer that this boy calls “The Good Shepherd.” . The other night his older sister, who., was putting him to fled, improved the occasion by giving k'*U a little lecture on the omnipresence and omniscience of the Creator. _____ _ --f i‘jMamie T ”saicLhe T -after awhile, “does God know just everything that we are going to do before we do it?” “Yes, Johnny.” U—“Does he know that I’m going to say: ‘Now I lay me?’ ” “Yes, Johnny. ’’ “Ha!.Well, Lain’f going to say it. I’m going to say ‘The Good Shepherd!’ ” —Boston Record. '■■■■■■

POPULAR SCIENCE.

A French botanist. M. Rnvßman, has enumerated 378 species of plants growing in Greenland, and he finds that they resemble those of Lapland more **>an those* of the American continent. The manufacture of solid carbonic acid gas had liecome a settled industry in Berlin. It is put up in small cylinders* and if kept under pressure will last Borne time-*-that is, a cylinder one and one-half inches in diameter, and two inches long will take five hours to melt away into gas. About midway between St. Petersburg and Moscow, Prince Putriatin has made the imjairtant arclnelogical discovery of an image of the constellation ..of Ursa Major engraved on a grindstone of the Stone Age, A similar discovery had already been made near Weimar in Germany. A botanist has attempted to estimate the*iumber of seeds found upon single specimens of some of the most obnoxious weeds of this country. For shepherd’s purse he makes the number 37,S(K) per plant; dandelion, 12,108; wild pepper grass, 18,400; wheat thief, 7,000; common thistle, <55,366; camomile, 15,920; common purslane, 388,800; common plantain, 42,200; burdock, 38,068. In order to settle the question as to the proper treatment for persons who have been frozen, Dr. Laptchinkski has made a series of very careful experiments upon dogs. He found, that of twenty animals treated by the method of gradual resuscitation in a cold room Tourteeh perished; of twenty placed at Ince in a warm room, eight died, while twenty put immediately into a hot bath recovered quickly and without accident. Skin from the back of a frog has been used by Dr. O. Petersen for hastening the healing of wounds. Grafts of the size of the thumbnail were caused to adhere firmly in two days, and in two days more the pigmentation of the transplanted skin had almost disappeared. The resulting cicatrice is of great softness and elasticity. Some of the London hospitals are now beginning to employ frog’s skin as grafts in place of other skin. It has been a matter of extensive belief in Franee that the drinking of water in considerable quantities has a tendency to reduce obesity, by increasing the activity of oxidations in the system, and favoring the burning away of accumulated fat. The error of this idea has just been shown by Dr. Debove, who has proven that the quantity of water taken has no influence on nutrition or body weight so long as the solid diet remains unchanged. Walls laid up of good, liardJiurned bricks, in mortar composed of good lime and sharp sand, will resist a pressure of 150 pound per square inch, or 216,000 pounds per square foot, at which figures it would require 1,600 feet high of twelve-inch wall to crush the bottom courses, allowing 135 pounds as the weight of each cubic foot. Walls laid up in the same quality of brick and mortar, with one-third Portland cement added, will resist 2,900 pounds per square inch, or 360,000 pounds per square foot, which would require a height of wall of 2,700 feet to crush the bottom bricks. According to the calculations'”made by a scientific writer lately, it requires a prodigious amount of vegetable matter to form a layer of coal, the estimate being ttiat it would really lake a million years to form a coal bed 100 feet thick. The United States has an area of between 300,000 and 400,000 square miles of Coal fields, 100,000,000 tons of coal being mined from these fields in one year, or enough to run a ring around the earth at the equator five and onehalf feet wide and five and one-half feet thick, the quantity being sufficient to supply the whole world foi’ a period of 1,500 to 2,000 years. When the coal is burned for illuminating purposes, the" estimated "waste is some ninety per cent.; in the heating of houses, 67 per cent, is lost.

Protection of Birds.

One of the chief obstacles to the preservation of birds is.the fashionable craze among women for these feathered songsters as head ornaments. This wicked fashion causes the destruction of millions of birds yearly*, and the supply is fast running out. This, however, will make no difference to fashionable ladies 1 , who will perhaps be all the more anxious to obtain bird ornaments when scarcity enhances their price. The threatened destruction of little birds, which are generally friends of rn'an, as’they are destroyers of his insect enemies, is a matter of serious import to the farmer and gardener, and in fact, to the entire country. It is suggested by a lawyer that when humanity and reason fail to influence silly women,a wholesome fear of the law may prove effective. — Most States have game laws which strictly prohibit, not only killing of small birds, but impose penalties of tine and imprisonment on any person having them in possession. Ladies wearing four to six birds on their hats render themselves liable to as many years’ service in the State prison, though this penalty may be modified at the discretion of the Judge. Each bird worn constitutes a distinct offence. The agricultural, horticultural, and religious press has piled various arguments against this barbarous fashion, but to no avail, and it is time that more effective measures be taken. As an old man said to the rude boy lie found in his apple tree, “If neither words nor tufts of grass will bring thee down, I must even try what virtue there is in stones.”

That Dreadful Child.

Little Mamie Peterby attracted considerable attention at a social gathering by asking where Mrs. Yerger got her new baby. ;r"" “It came down from heaven on a rainbow,” said Col. Yerger, somewhat embarrassed. . ... “I know that,” replied'Msfme, “but how did it get into the house?” „ “Through the window, I guess.” "So that’s the way it got into the house'? Grandma, is that the reason yon goes around every night to see that the windows are ail shut?”— Texas Siftings. u The old lady who never saw a railroad has just turned np again.