Rensselaer Republican, Volume 17, Number 47, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 30 July 1885 — Page 2

ULYSSES S. GRANT.

The Earthly Career of the Nation’s Hero Brought to a Close. Scenes and Incidents Attending the Closing Moments of the Old Soldier. Hundreds of Telegrams of Inquiry Beceived from All Sections of the Country.

A decided chance for the worse took plaoe In the condition of Gen. Grant on the afternoon of Tuesday, July 21, and it dawned upon the physician and family that the illustrious and kmg-snffering patient was surely sinking. Shortly after one o’clock on the morning of the 220, a hypodermic injection of brandy was administered, which had the effect of brightening him up. The weakness continued throughout Wednesday, the sufferer's nourishment consisting wholy of two glasses es milk. The hypodermic injections of brandy were repeated at intervals. Once during the morning the General attempted to write, but succeeded only in writing the date, the effort being greater than wart ranted by the little remaining strength. He •poke at intervals, but hts voice was very feeble. At 2:15 the members of the family and Dr. Newman were grouped in the darkened room near Gen. Grant. Observing their evidence of feeling the General said: “I do not want anybody to be distressed on my account." At sp. m. the pnlse was 130. At 6:50 p. m. the bulletin was •enkout that the General was sinking. At 7:4(t C. S. Grant, Jr., and Drs. Shrady and Sands reached Mount MacGregor by special train, and Dri Douglas said that Gen. Grant could live but • few hours. Dr, Newman also said that the General had almost reached the end. Telegrams came from all parts of the country inquiring about the dying chieftain's condition. At 9:03 p. m. he was unconscious, and fruitless efforts were made to arouse him. It was then believed that the beginning of the end was at hand. At 10 o’clock his respiration was 45. His arms were cold up to his elbows. The General could only speak in a faint, husky whisper. The General was fully aware of his condition. At times he lay with his eyes closed, and while, everybody around him thought he was sleeping he was fully aware of all that was taking place abont him. His faithful servants were with him near.y all the time. At midnight bottles of hot water were placed at Gen. Grant’s feet to induce warmth, and mustard draughts were applied upon the stomach and breast to preserve the flagging circulation. At one o'clock on the morning ot Thursday, the 23d, the General remained in the same quiet condition. Hypcdennies of brandy were being used. At two o’clock in the morning the family were astir, and the whole house was lighted np with the exception of the re-ception-room. Ilere the . General - lay in bed, and a dim light was burning on a table near the window. The physicians were still near him, as was also Col. Grant, while the ladies were in an adjoining room. His condition. remained com; aratively unchanged. At 3 o’clock Gen. Grant was in a somnolent condition. The respirations had grown shallow and the General was no longer able to expectorate because of the weakness, which was increasing. At 3:35 a. m. Dr. Shrady was walking in front of the cottage for the purpose of obtaining some fresh air. Col. Grant appeared •nddenly and beckoned to him, when the Doctor ascended the piazza and entered the sickroom. 4 A moment later the whole household wore grouped about the General. Day was dawning over the eastern hills, and it was feared that the rising of the snu would mark the close of the long struggle. At 4a. m. the respirations were 50, the pulse so rapid as not to be oounted, and hypodermics, which had been quite freely administered through the night, had no longer any marked effect. At 4:80 a. m. Dr. Donglas said: “Gen. Grant is just alive, and, is liable to" pass away at any moment," At 4:so’O*clock the breathing was quickened and reached so to the minute. At 5 o’clock Dr. Donglas remarked that the General’s brain, heart, and lungs were alive, and that was about all he could say. At 5:25 the respirations had increased to sixty, and the' death-rattle, occasioned ‘by the filing of the lungs and throat with mucus, was plainly heard by the loving and devoted ones at his bed- ' side. He then recognized his friends by opening his eyes. At a few minutes before 8 o’clock Gen. Grant breathed his last. The end was peaceful and without evident pain. He was surrounded by all the members of his family, and all were prepared for the final moment when it arrived. For ovferan hour before the General’s death he had diawn nte breath only with the utmost difficulty, the respirations coming in long, gurgling gasps, the throat * being clogged with mneus. At the last moment the General was, it seemed, conscious, and for a brief spare it seemed that the group of watchers could not realize that the General was at last beyond their care. —And thus passes from earth the most illustrious soldier of his time. The insidious disease to which he at last succumbed has long been in progress, and he has faced the end Which he knew was near with the same quiet courage that has faced every disaster with which he has been confronted. The life of the old hero has had few more impressive scenes than this last one of struggle against the common enemy of mankind—a struggle prompted by no selfish motives andby no trace of fear, but solely that he might perform yet one more service for his country, and complete with the pen the task that was begun with the sword. The end of his hard-working life found him still at work with untiring purpose and with energies unabated save by physical weakness. When he could no longer maintain the strife he surrendered with the dignity of those alone who have never given in to anything less than the inevitable, and passed “out of reach of time, out of sight of love, out of hearing of hatred," from the circle of friends and relatives who mourned him, from the country of which he had deserved so. well, from the world of which his is one of the foremost names. Now that the record of this man's life is completed, remarks a ccnt£mporary, it is surely best that we forget whatever there may have been of the inglorious about his later years, in sight of the glorious years which won for him a high place forever in the hearts of the American people. Nor is it any real discredit to the man who has once done so much for his country that he was at last caught in the world’s great snare, but rather a sign to set more sharply In relief that simplicity and straightforwardness of character which met and triumphed over all open dangers and difficulties, and was only found unfit to be pitted •gainst the practices of the trickster. Ali great men cannot be Napoleons or Caesars, and history emphasizes no fact more strongly than that the qualities which led to victory on the battlefield are not those most needed in the larger field of life. For the services of Grant as • military leader we may . be profoundly, reverently thankful. That as a statesman and a private citizen he was at times misled or at fault should not make ns for one moment forget how great those services were. On this day of sorrow our one thought should be of those deeds which have made their doer one of the great historic Americans. The English hero whose name is one with that of Waterloo lived to make his after years one great mistake, but men no longer remember this against him, and the words which the laureate sang in his praise we may with peculiar fitness apply to our own lost hero: Our greatest, yet with least pretense, Great in council and great in war, Foremost captain of his time, • Kit h in saving common sense, And, as the greatest only are. In his simplicity sublime.

AWAITING THE FINAL SUMMONS.

Beenes In end About the House of Death a Few Hours Before the End. Abfttt end around the cottage. Bays a special from Mount MacGregor, all was still and quiet, except fonthe occasional twitter of some belated bird in the birches or pines. Mrs. Grant, attired in a loose gown of white, came ont upon the veranda and seated herself in one of the many deserted willow chairs that were scattered in groans about the piazza. Ten minutes she' sat motionless, gazing away to the east, where the gray ont of another day bad grown to, , a full promise. Her face rested against one hand, and she was evidently wrapped in thought Suddenly there came the sound of a rattling, laboring cough from within. It was the General clearing the affected parts of his throat of gnucus. Mrs. Grant left the piazza quickly and seated herself by the General’s side, slowly fanning the sick man’s face. The coughing was not severe, but only incldentaL CoL Fred Grant entered the room while the nurse was aiding the General, and took a place at the side and behind his fstber. The nurse fetched, a lamp and held It at the Sick man’s shoulder, and at the moment the General, turned his face toward the light and upward to bid tbe nnrse bring his pad and pencil His wish was not at the instant uuefer-

stood, and, turning a trifle further, the . General repeated bio wish. The scene at the moment was sgpicture In shadows. As the flickering rays fell across the face of the General.it became a grim llembrandt, with strong, rugged lines bioken down by suffering's fid pain. On bis head was the aknil-cap that at all times lends a startling effect to the sick plan’s appearance, and from beneath it stragg ed the hair that clung in sweat-moistened locks about the emaciated neck. A crimson scirf had been thrown over the back of the General’s chair, but as he leaned forward it drew across his shoulders, one end being gathered under his arm. A dark dressing-gown covered the pat ent’s attenuated form, and a handkerchief encircled his neck. The gray of the close-cut beard seemed white, and the lines on cheek and forehead were d.ep Indeed, and when the face was turned upward to speak the eyes seemed grayer, too, and abnormally large. They were clear and steady, showing that the General's reason was clearly at his command, but there was a wistful and yearning expression in them. The General’s face, as he spoke, appeared strained and drawn, but its color and fullness were not such as would be expected after such suffering and care. The lips moved heavily and the whisper was husky and iow.jbut the nurse understood and the pad and pencil were brought. Then, while the red light of the lamp fell on his downcast face, he wrote, but only briefly. The slip was handed to Dr. Dougwho at once turned it over to Col. Grant, who had arisen and stood beside Ms mother at the General’s side It was a private family communication, and when finished the sick man resumedhls half -reclining position, with his head slightly inclined forward and his elbows on the sides of the chair, while the fingers of either hand were interlocked, each with the other, beneath his chin. The family were all gathered at the side of the sick man. and again Dr. Newman, at about the same hour as last night, and at Mrs. Grant’s request. knelt beside the General and prayed. Heads were bowed and silent tears were on the cheeks of njen as well as women. Afteran hour death seemed a little less rapidly gaining on the man it has pursued just nine months today, forit is just nine months ago to-aav that Gen. Grant walked into Dr. Douglas' office to seek his professional aid for the cancer that h s done what foes and war could not. Then the doctors and clergyman strolled out upon the piazza and sat near the parlor window, and Jesse Grant joined them at times, but the other members of the family remained in the sickroom and watched and waited, while the General answered ’ yes’’ and “no" to several questions.

HIS SICKNESS.

An Account of the Dead General’s Illness— His fortitude. The decline of Gen. Grant's health may really be said to date from his severe fall upon the sidewalk over a year ago, when he received the injury to his hip. Last September, while the General was at Long Branch with his family, he spoke for the lirst time of a swelling and Foreness of the tongue. He refused to see a physician about it, and preferred to treat it as a joke. Later on, however, the trouble increased so that it interfered with his speech and the takingof food. At the earnest solicitation of his family and friends he consulted the physicians. The latter decided that .he was suffering from a cancerous affliction of the mouth, that this, together with the trouble Of the tongue, was aggravated by the patient’s excessive smoking. Gen. Grant, therelore, reduced his quota of ciga’.s one-half. The real condition of the General's health was not made public, however, until Jan. il, when his tlgtroat trouble had increased to an alarming point and took on a mote violent form. From this time on his condition varied, at times allowing him to ride out, and at others confining him to his bed and causing great alarm in the family. He was attended by Dr. Fordyce Parker and other of the most eminent physicians and surgeons. During the latter part of January, however, the rumor gained credence that the reports of the medical journals upon his ease had been decidedly rose-colored to allay the fears of the public. It was made known, also, that his physical condition was completely shattered, and that the affection ot the tongue had developed into a malignant and fatal disease. From this time bn he was only able to take liquid nourishment, with a few exceptional days, and he was unable to sleep save in naps. Besides the ulceration of the throat the tongue was painfully swollen and Inflamed, and the patient suffered so from neuralgia In the head that most of his teeth had to be extracted. During all This time the General had been -patient and uncomplaining, and had worked every day upon his military autobiography, scarcely stopping to revise his “ copy,” tor fear he would not live to finish the work. ' After April ‘JO Gen. Grant greatly improved: He was able to take frequent drives in the park, which did him great good. About this .time it was announced that if the improvement continued he would go away to the >luoantains, and also that he would, if possible. take a trip to California. April* 27 lm celebrated his t)3d birthday by a drive, ana bis physicians were jubilant over his improved condition. In May he resumed work on his book, dictating to his stenographer. He suffered considerably from the effort, but With frequent Interruptions he continued the work. May 10, he was able to walk several blocks with the assistance of a cane, but three days later he was much worse, and it was feared the end was at hand. He again rallied, however, and in the beginning of June the drives were decided not to be beneficial and they were discontinued. It was decided about the middle of June to remove the patient to Mount MacGregor, and on June 16 he went there in a special train, accompanied by his family.—The General stood the trip fairly well, and the succeeding day astonished his physician by walking to the top of a steep knoll. But the effort was too much, and he suffered a relapse. At Mount MacGregor he has lived ever since, with some days of suffering, but on the whole being better than if he had remained in the stifling city.

The Fatal Lump at the Hoof of the Mouth. Gen. Grant's disease first made itself apparent in June. 1881, while he was at his cottage at Long Branch. While eating fruit at Fun h he felt a lump in the roof of his mouth. He mentioned the fact to Mr. George W. Childs, whose cottage adjoins his, the lawns being in common. Dr. Da Costa, whose brother-in-law was chief of Grant's medical staff, was visiting Mr. Childs, and at the latter’s suggestion he called on the General. Having examined the throat, he advised Gen. Grant to consult Hr. Fordyco Barker, his family physician, at once. The General made little complaint 'about the matter after that until autifinn. One day in September, however, the General inquired of Mr. Childs: "What did Dr. Da Costa say about my throat?” Then, for the first time, Mr. Childs, who, like all the other friends of the General at Long Branch, thought that the ailment had disappeared, had his suspicions aroused. Dr. Da Costa was seen again by Mr. Childs and asked whether the disease conld be incipient cancer. The physioian avoided a direct answer, but repeated that the General should see his family physician immediately. It was not until almost the last week in October t hat the old soldier thought it necessary to consult Dr. Barker. One of the first intimations that the public had of Gen. Grant's illness was when Mr. Childs invited him to Philadelphia to a series of public receptions some months later. The General declined on the advice of his physicians, and wrote in an explanatory letter dated Feb. 2: “I am feeling quite well, except a soreness at the root of the tongue ana ,the tonsil over it, which causes me great p-in in talking, and especially when I attempt to swallow water. I have not smoked a cigar since the 20th of November.” On F£b.-27 a telegram from New York, based on reliable medical authority, created genera] alarm among Gen. Grant's friends. It said: "It is a fact that should no longer be concealed from the country that Gen. Grant is rapidly breaking down, and apparently without hope of reaction, and unless there should besome unexpected relief he will not be long among the living. He is wonderfully patient and uncomplaining, and he proloundiy appreciates the expressions of sympathy which have been called out by bis recent appalling misfortunes." The more recent history of Gen. Grant's disease, and the sufferings of the illustrious patient, are too familiar to the newspaper reader to require rehearsal here.

THE GRANT FUND.

Arrangements for a Reinvestment. fNew York telegram.] Despite efforts to conceal the fact. It has leaked out that arrangements, were making to reinvest the $250,000 trust fund raised for Gen. Grant, or that portion of it which was invested in the first mortgage bonds of the Wabash Railway. It was said that this reinvestment of the fund would be made Aug. l, A because the trustees ot the Morgan estate desired to lie free from the responsibilities attached to them. When the funds were invested in the Wabash bonds, Gov. Morgan gave a personal guarantee for the payment ot the principal and interest. One of the promoters of the fond said: "It is not trne that all the amount raised for Gen. Grant — $280,ouo —is invested In Wabash first-mortgage bonds. I do not care to say what proportion of this amount was so invested. If the trustees of the Morgan estate desire to turn over the amount of money for which Gov. Morgan made himself responsible and accept these bonds, that fact will be made known in a short time." •' - ■ ■ = Harvard’s next freshman class will be the larglest ever nitric plated.

THE HEAD HERO.

Pen and Pencil Sketches of flis Busy and Eventful Life i O * V ■ ' r-7 —cz : —T-T Outline of His Career and Public Services from the Cradle to the Grave. © The Great Commander’s Military Campaigns, from Belmont to Appomattox.

BIOGRAPHICAL. From the Cradle to the Breaking Out of ■tfan Itebolllonr ——— Ulysses Simpson Grant was born at Point Pleasant,- Ohio, April 27, 1822. His ancestors were Scotch. In 1823 his parents.removed to the village of Georgetown, Ohio, where his boyhood was passed. He entered West Point Military Academy in 1839, appointed by the Hon. Thomas L. Hamer, member of Congress. His name originally was Hiram Ulysses; but the appointment was blunderingly made out for Ulysses S.i and so it had to remain. The study' in which he showed most proficiency during his course at the academy was mathematics. He graduated in 1843, ranking twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine, and was made a brevet Second Lieutenant of infantry, and attached as A supernumerary Lieutenant to the Fourth Regiment, which was stationed on the Missouri frontier. In the summer of 1845 the regiment was ordered to Texas, to join the army of Gen. fi'aylor. On Sept. ;:0 Grant was commissioned as a full Lieutenant. Jle first saw blood shed at Palo Alto, May s, 1846, and took part also in the battles of iiesaca de la Palma and Monterey, and the siege of Vera Cruz. In April, 1847, he was made Quartermaster of his regiment, but still participated in ali active operations; and after the battle of Molino del Key, Sept. 8, 1847, he was appointed on the field a First Lieutenant for his gallantry. In his report of the battle of Chapuitepec (Sept. 13, 1347), Col. Garland, commanding the First Brigade, s iid: “The rear of the enemy had made a stand behind a work, from which they were driven by detachments of the Second Artillery under Capt. Brooks and the Fourth Infantry under Lieut. Grant, supported by other regiments of the division, alter a short but sharp conflict." “I must not omit to call attention to Lieut. Grant, Fourth Infantry, who acquitted himself most nobly, upon several occasions, under my own observation." Grant? was brevet ted Captain for his conduct at Chapultepec, to date from the battle. After the capture of the City of Mexico he returned with his regiment and was stationed first at Detroit, and then at Sackett’s Harbor. In 1848 he married Miss Julia T. Dent, of St. Louis, sister of one of his classmates. In 1852 he accompanied his regiment to California and Oregon, and while at Fort Vancouver. Aug. 6, 1853, was commissioned, full Captain. On July 31, 1854, he resigned, and removed to St. Louis, cultivating a larm near that city and engaging in business as a real estate agent. In 1859 he was employed by his father in the leather trade at Galena, 111.

, . GRANT AS A SOLDIER. His Military Campaigns from Springfield to Richmond. » - ,

N.&. Craut

asst.] - President Lincoln’s call for’troops to aid in suppressing the rebellion was made April 15, 1861, and April 19 U. S. Grant was drilling a company of volunteers at Galena, with whom he went four days later to Springfield, 111. In May Gov. Yates offered him the Colonelcy of the Twenty-first Illinois Regiment, of which he took command early in June and marched at once to Missouri, reporting to Gen. Pope, by whom he was stationed at Mexico, about fifty miles north of the Missouri River. Aug. 7he was commissioned by the President as Brigadier General of Volunteers. Aug. S he was transferred by Fremont to Ironton/Mo., and a fortnight later to Jefferson City. Sep. 1, by direction of Fremont, he took command of the District of Southeast Missouri, and Sept. 4 made his headquarters at Cairo, at the mouth of the Ohio. His first movement was to seize Paducah, at the mouth of the Tennessee River, Sep. 6. and Smithland, at the mouth of the Cumberland, Sep. 25. On Nov. 7 he made a vigorous attack on the Confederate camp at Belmont. He drove the rebels down to the river bank and. burned their camps and stores, but re-enforcements having been sent by Gen. Polk across the river, and the guns of Columbus brought to bear on the Union position. Grant was forced to ..retire. For the following two months hre was employed in disciplining his troops, making no movement save a reconnoissance toward Columbus in January. Preparations were now set on foot for an attack upon Forts Henry and Donelson, the former of which commanded the Tennessee River, and the latter the Cumberland, near the dividing line between Kentucky and Tennessee. With this object Grant started from I'adu.cah Feb. o with a force of 15,090 men, to be aided by a fieet of gtmboats under Commodore Foote. Fort Henry was captured Feb. 6. its batteries having been silenced by the fire of the boats before the land forces arrived. The most of the Confederate troops escaped across the country to Fort Donelson. twelve miles distant. Gen. Grant transported his forces over the same road, surrounded that fort, and Feb. 14, as soon as the gunboats had come up the river to co-operate with him, began the attack upon the rebel works. The battle was severe,! and ended Feb. 16 in the unconditional surrender of the Confederate forces under Gen. Buckner. Grant was commissioned Major General of Volunteers from the date of that- victory, and immediately achieved national fame. Gen. Halleck, however, was prejudiced against him at this time, and used his utmost endeavor to deprive Giant of the honors of the Donelson victory, giving the credit of it in his report to Gen. C. F. Smith, Grant’s Second in command. The Government, however, had perception enough to understand the truth and to give Grant his well-deserved promotion. Whether from irritation at this act of the Secretary of War or other motive is not known, but Geq. Halleck immedia’ely began preparations ior an expedition into Tennessee, the command of which was given to Gen. Smith, 'and Gen. Grant for alleged disregard of orders was placed under airest. After a few days, however, he was freed from this restraint, and again joined his command, with headquarters at Savanna; Tenn. Gen. Smith had camped with the troops at the point where the battle of Shiloh was afterward fought, near Pittsburg Landing, on the west bank of the Tennessee River, some miles above Savanna. There Gen. Smith was taken ill with a sickness from which he never recovered, and Gen. Grant was placed in chief command. At davfireak of April 6 the camp at Pittsburg Landing was attached by a targe force under Gen. A. S- Johnston, and driven back with heavy loss. Gen. Giant speedily arrived on the field of battle and reformed the lines. Re-enforcements under Gen. Buell coming up in the night, the battle was renewed the next morning, and the Confederates were defeated and forced to retreat to Corinth. Gen. Grant was slightly wounded In this battle. It was one of the most hotly contested fights of the war, and the losses oh both sides were terrible. False reports concerning Grant s conduct in this battle were circulated; and tor a time the great General—whose military genius, however, had not yet .been fully shown—was under a cloud. Halleck joined the ftrmy a few days after the fight at Shiloh, and took personal supervision of the siege of Corinth. During the fighting in that locality the next two months Grant was left In camp, though still retaining

nominal command ci tjie District of West Tennessee. In June he transferred his headquarters to Memphis. July 11 Was summoned to \\ achingtton to supersede McClellan, and Grant succeeded him in command, and transferred his headquarters to Corinth. Bep. 17 h'e ordered an advance against the Confederate Gen. trice, then stationed with a large lorce at luka. There a battle was fouaht Sopt. 19, and a complete victory gained by Gen. Rosecrans. As Bragg's force was pushing toward the Ohio Elver, Grant now removed his headquarters to Jackson. The Confederates, .under liens. Price and Van Dorn, then attacked the camp at Coriiith, where Rosecrans wa* in command, and after a desperate fight, Oct. 3-4, w. re repulsed with heavy loss and pursued beyond the Hatchie River. Though * not i resent in person at either of these battles, Grant directed tbe movements In both by telegraph. Buell had moved eastward to intercept Bragg, and met and defeated him at Perryville, Oct. driving him back into East Tennessee. Oct. 18, Grant's department was extended by the addition of a part of Mississippi, as far south as Vicksburg, and he now began to lay plans for a movement against that city. Nov. 1 he began a movement toward the river, seized LaGrange and Grand Junction Nov. 4; on Nov. 13 tbe cavalry took Holly Springs, driving tbe enemy south of the Tallahatchie River, and Gr.ant followed, taking possession of that point Nov. JO, and Dec. 5 he entered Oxford. While he was at this point Van Dorn’s cavalry made a dash at the camp of stores In his rear at Holly Springs, took 1,500 prisoners, and destroyed ordnance aDd supplies amounting in value to nearly $1,000,000. The army was now moved back to LaGrange, but headquarters were transferred no further than Holly Springs. Jan 10 headquarters were moVed to Memphis, Grant having resolved to reorganize "his entire force for a campaign against Vicksburg, to co-operate in which forces under Sherman and McClernand w'ere now coming down the Mississippi. Jan. 30 Grant assumed immediate command of the expedition against Vicksburg. Much time was lost at first In the attempt to cut a canal through the peninsula before Vicksburg, a plan which had been suggested by President Lincoln, but 'which, after an immense expenditure of labor, was found to be impracticable. An effort was also made to cut thrdtigh the Yazoo pass, so as to hem in the enemy. But these attempts were found to result', only in failure, and finally Grant undertook to carryout his own plan, which was to move the army down the west bank of the river, and cross to the east side below the city. April 30, 1863, he crossed the river, took Port Gibson and Grand Gulf, and began his march into the interior, defeating the enemy in the actions of Raymond, Jackson, Champion’s Hill, and Big Black, kept J. E. Johnston from joining his forces with those of Pemberton at Vicksburg, and finally laid siege “to that, city May IBr After a great deal of hard fighting, Vicksburg was forced to surrender, with ‘47,000 prisoners, July 4,1865. Grant was immediately made a Major General of the regular army. He remained at Vicksburg till Aug. 30, when he made a visit to New Orleans. While and so much injured that he was not able to return to his post until Sept. 16. Oct. 10, under instructions from Washington, he came northward, meeting Mr. Stanton, the Secretary of War, at Indianapolis. That official notified him that all the military departments of the West. were now to be under his supervision, with the exception of the Department of the Gulf. At Louisville,word was received by Mr. Stanton that Roseerans. whose campaign in East Tennessee had been so disastrous, was now about to abandon Chattanooga. Grant, therefore, with the full sanction of his superior, immediately relieved Rosecrans of his command, assigning Gen. Thomas<%o his position, and Oct. 19 started by rail for Chattanooga, to take personal direction of the operations there. The army here was nearly surrounded by Confederates, and greatly weakened by sickness and losses,; but Grant’s presence put new hope into their drooping hearts. He there concentrated tjoops from other points, attacked Bragg’s army, strongly intrenched on Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, and carried both points by assault Nov. 24 and 25. Bragg's forces Were now driven back to Dalton, Ga. Sherman being sent to the relief of Burnside, who was besieged by Longstreet at Knoxville, drove back the Confederates from that point, and by these successes the Confederate communication between the Atlantic and the Mississippi was broken. Dec. 7 President Lincoln ordered a thanksgiving in all the churches for the victories of the Union cause. Dec. 17 Congress passed a resolution ordering that a gold medal should be struck for Gen. Grant, and returning thanks to him and his army. About Christmas Grant went in person to Knoxville to inspect the command there, and Jan. 13 w'ent by way of Cumberland Gap to Nashville, where he now placed his headquarJan. 24, 1864, he went to St. Louis to visit his eldest son, who was very ill. Feb. 5 he was back at Nashville. March 1 President Lincoln signed a bill passed by Congress reviving the grade of Lieutenant General of the Army, and immediately nominated Gen. Grant for the position, and March :i the General received the order summoning him to Washington. He reached that city March 9, received his commission at'the hands of the President, and March 17 issued his first general order, dated at Nashville, assum-ng command of the armies of the JJnited States, and announcing. that Jhis headquarters would be in the field, and until further orders with the Army of the Potomac. March 23 he arrived at Washington again, and immediately began his preparations for the grand campaigns which were to terminate the war. At midnight, May 3, Grant began the movement against Richmond, crossing the Bapidan with the Army of the Potomac. His force now numbered 140,000 m'6n. His first battle was that of the Wilderness, fousht May 6, 6, 7. The losses were terrible on both sides, but the results were indecisive. Lee retired within his intrenchments, and Grant rdade a flank movement on the left in tbe direction of Spottsylvania Court House. Here followed from the morning of May 9 to the night of May 12 one of the bloodiest struggles of the war. in -which the Union forces gained some ground, and captured one division, but made no impression on'the defenses of the enemy. Grant now made another movement to the left,crossed the Paihunkey and brought his army before the almost impregnable rifle-pits of Cold Harbor. These he attacked on June 1, but was repulsed with terrible loss. The assault was renewed June 3, with even more frightful loss of life, and the gaining of no advantage. Grant’s losses in the campaign from the Rapidan to the James (May 3to June 15) aggregated a total of 54,557; those of Gen. Lee were about 32,000. Jane 15, Gen. Grant joined Gen. Butler’s army at Bermuda Hundred and the combined force moved again on Petersburg. On June 17 and 18 assaults were made on the Confederate intrenchments without effect Lee’s army retired behind the defenses, and by the latter part of June Petersburg was regularly besieged. Previous to this Grant bad ordered flanking movements by Gens. Bigel and McCook, both of which had failed. In the hope of drawing Grant away from his position before Petersburg, Lee sent an army under Gen. Early to raid Maryland and Pennsylvania. caused so much alarm that In August Gen. Sheridan was sent against Early, and in a series of fights, closing with th"t of Oct. 19 at Middletown, completely defeated him and laid waste the entire valley of the Shenandoah. During the summer, fall, and following winter. Grant £ressed the siege of Petersburg with varyig success. July 30 a mine was exploded under one of the forts, and an assault was made, only to be repulsed with great loss. Aug. 18 a division of Grant's army seized the Weldon Railroad and held It against several fierce assaults by the Confederates, in which both armies lost thousands of men. Altera hard-fought battle on the road south of Petersburg the army went into winter quarters there, postponing active operations until spring. Feb. 27, 1865, Gen. Sheridan again assaulted and defeated Gen. Early’s forces at Waynesboro, and then joined his com-mander-in-chief with his army. The battle of Hatcher's Run and Five Forks was fonght from March 29 to April 1, resulting in the defeat of the Confederates and the capture of 6,000 prisoners. On the following day Grant ordered a general assault eh the lines of Petersburg and the works were carried. On that night the army of Lee evacuated Petersburg, and-, the members of the Confederate Government also fled from Richmond, and April 3 that city, as well as Petersburg, was taken possession of "by the ,Union army. The war lasted but a few days longer. Lee retreated as rapidly as he could to the Southwest, hoping to join the army of Johnston. Grant and Sheridan pursued and intercepted him, and, after making one or two ineffectual efforts to rally his broken and demoralised armv acainst the victorious forces of the Federal?, oh April 9 he surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House. Va.

GRANT'S POLITICAL CAREER. The Chief Events of His Two Terms as President. At the Republican National Convention held in Chicago May 21, 1868, Gen. Grant on the first ballot was unanimously nominated for President, with Schuyler Colfax for Vice President. Their Democratic competitors were Horatio Seymour and Francis P. Blair.' Grant and Colfax carried twenty-six States, and received 214 electoral votes, against 80 for Seymour and Blair. Grant was inaugurated President on March 4, 1869'. and on the next day sent in to the Senate the following nominations for Cabinet officers: Elihu B. Washbume, of lUinoU, Secretary of State; Alexander T. Stewart, of New York, Secretary of the Treasury; Jacob D. Cox, of Ohio. Secretary of the Interior; Adolph E. Borie, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of the Navy; John Jf. Schofield, of Illinois. Secretary of War; John A. j: Creswell, of Maryland, Postmaster General; E. Rock wood Hoar, of Massachusetts, Attorney General. Thesennominatlons were at once Confirmed, but it was discovered that Mr. Stewart was disqualified by an act of 1789, which provided that no person should hold the office of Secretary of the Treasury who waa

“directly or indirectly concerned or interested in carrying on tbe business of trade or commerce. The President, in a .brief message, thereupon suggested to Congress'fhat Mri Ste wart be exempted by joint resolution from the action of tue law. This was Objected to, and Mr. htewart declined, and George S. Boutwell of Massachusetts was appointed in his stead. Soon afterward Mr. Washburne gave np the office of Secretary of State, being appointed Minister to France, and was succeeded by Hamilton Fish, of New York; while Secretary Schofield retired from the Wag Department, and was succeceed by John A. Rawlins, of Illinois, who died in September, when the vacancy was filled by the appointment of William W. Belknap, of lowa. Mr. Borie resigned in June, and was succeeded by George M. Robeson, of New Jersey. Mr. Hoar resigned in July, 1870, and was succeeded by A. T. Akerman, of Georgia, who resigned in December, 18T1, and was succeeded by George H. Williams, of Oregon. Mr. Cox resigned in November, 1870, and was succeeded by Columbus Delano, of Olmo. As President Grant was in political harmony with the majority in Congress, the reconstruction of the lately rebellious States, which had been delayed by the lack of such harmony during the previous administration, now went on. A proclamation by President Grant, dated May 19, directed that there should be no reduction of the wages paid* to Government employes in consequence of the reduction in the houys of labor which Congress had enacted. In 1871 President Grant urged the annexation of Santo Domingo as a territory of the United States. A treaty to effect this, and a’soone by which the peninsula and Bay of Samana were ceded to the United States for fifty years, at an annual rental of $150,000 in gold, had been signed Nov. 29, 1869, on behalf of President Grant and President Baez. Early in 1870 these treaties were confirmed by a popular vote in Safito Domingo; but it was believed that'a freetelection had not been held, and it was said that, in anticipation of annexation, the Dominican Governmen had granted to private individuals every valuable franchise or piece of property in its possession. In conformity with a resolution of Congress, President Grant appointed B. F. Wade of Ohio, A. D. White of New Yock, and S. G. Howe of Massachusetts's commissioners to visit Srnto Domingo, accompanied b.v several scientihc men, and report upon the condition of the country, the Government, and the people. Their report, submitted in April, 1871, was favorable to annexation, but the Senate withheld its approval of the treaties. A "joint high commission” of five British and five American members met at Washington Feb. 27, 1871, and on May 8 sinned a treaty on the subject of the' coast fisheries, river navigation, and the "Alabama claims." The last named question was submitted to a court of arbitration to meet at Geneva, Switzerland, which, on Sept. 14, 1872. awarded the gross sum of $15,500,< 0a to be paid by the Brit,ish Government to the United States Tor damages to American commerce by Confederate cruisers fitted out in British ports. The act to enforce the provisions of the fourteenth amendment of the Constitution, popularly known as theKu-Klux bill, was followed by a Presidential proclamation exhorting obedience to it; and on Get. 17, 1871, the President suspended the privilege of habeas corpus in the northern counties of South Carolina. Under the provisions of an act of Congress of March 3, 1871, President Grant appointed a board of seven commissioners to inquire into the condition of the civil service, and devise a plan for rendering it more efficient. The Chairman of the Board, George William Curtis, resigned in March, 1873, bec use of essential differences between his views and the President’s on the enforcement of the rules. At the National Republican Convention held in Philadelphia, June 5, 1872, President Grant was renominated by acclamation, and Henry Wilson of Massachusetts received the nomination for Vice President; while Horace Greeley and B. Gratz Brown were the candidates of both the Liberal Republicans and the' Democrats. Grant and Wilson received 268 votes in the Electoral College, against 80 for other candidates. Grant’s popular majority over Greeley was 762,991. During the last session of the Forty-second Congress the salary of the President was doubled, and those of the Vice President, Speaker of the House, Justices of the Supreme Court, and heads of departments increased 25 per cent.

AS A CITIZEN. The East Eight Tears of tbe Old Soldier’s Eife.

N.&. Craut

[lßßl.]' . Gen. Grant retired from the Presidency, upon the accession of Rutherford B. Hayes, on the 4th of March, 1877. His career since that date, which has been in the main a quiet and uneventful one, is too familiar to the reading world to require any extended notice. Every one knows of his trip around the world, and the enthusiastic receptions that met him in every city, town, and village through which he passed upon his return journey across the continent; of his candidacy for a third term of the Presidency, and the heroic devotion with which his adherents in the Chicago Republican Convention of 1880 stood by him as long as there was i. hope; of his unfortunate connection with the banker Ward, and how the honest old hero was used as a Stool-pigeon by that wily rascal; and, finally, of his fall upon an icy pavement, resulting in a fracture of one of his hips, which wals followed soon after by the development of a cancerous growth near the roots of the tongue. For a time the public was kept In-Ignorance—-possibly the doctors were in the same blissful state—regarding the nature of the distinguished patient's malady, and in some features, such as the unreliable or purposely colored reports of his condition, the case bears a strong resemblance to that of the lamented Garfield. EARLY DAYS. Grant’s Boyhood—The House Where He Was Born. The life of Ulysses S. Grant is a romance as eventful, wonderful, and Interesting as anything ever evolved from the brain of a novelist. He lived in a time of extraordinary activity in the development of this country, and figured in its history more conspicuously than any other man of his time.

HIS BIRTHPLACE AT POINT PLEASANT. O.

The boyhood of Grant has not more remarkable than that of any child in the same circumstances. Indeed. |be anecdotes of his childhood in no way convey the idea that he manifested any precocity. He was the eldest of six children. His early surroundings were severely

plain, his father, who was of Scotch descent, being a dealer in leather, neither rich nor poor, bnt ranking among the hard workers of a young and glowing State. The humble home where Grant was born is not unknown to the public through the engraver's sldlL . ,At the age of 1.7 Grant entered the Military Academy at West Pohit. Those who believe that a name has much tojdo with the destiny of its owner will find confirmation of their theory in the accident which gave hi u the name he has made famous. He had been christened Hiram Ulysses, bnt the Congressman who procured his appointment by mistake wrote him down as Ulysses B. Grant. The authorities at West Point and the Secretary of War were petitioned by the young cadet to correct the blunder, but no notice was taken of the request. Ulysses S. Grant he had been recorded and Ulysses S. Grant he remained, the name now so world-wide in its fame having been bestowed through a Ct>ngressman’s defect of memory. The initials U. S. suggested “Uncle Sam to his comrades, a nickname he never lost, and one peculiarly prophetic in view of his extraordinary career. During the War he was not infrequently nicknamed “United States Grant” and “Unconditional Surrender Grant,” the U. S. seeming to have special significance in those days which “tried men’s souls.” >

5 REMINISCENT. Gen. Grant’s Early Eife In St. Louis—His Marriage to Miss Dent. The happiest davs and the darkest days in the long life of Gen. Grant were spent in St. Louis. Lieut. Grant and Fred Dent had become friends in the military school at West Point, and when young Dent mvlted his chum to come with him on a visit to his St Louis home, he did much toward shaping the destiny of Grant and possibly of the nation. The two young men. after Grant’s visit,.went to participate in the Mexican war, and when young Dent fell with a bullet in his groin while leading his company to a charge, Grant picked him up and carried him in his arms to a place of safety. The affection between the young men increased, and the affection between the beautiful Miss Dent and her brother’s friend, with -Whom she corresponded, more than kept pace with it. After the war, the wedding. The elite ot St. Lonis were there, the officers from the barracks attended In full uniform, and it was the social event of the year 1848. The journals of that day were not given to making mention of social events, and the only newspaper reference to the wedding that has been discovered consists of the following notice that appeared in the Republican of Aug. 24, 1848, two days after it occurred: Married—On the 22d inst., by Rev. J. H. Linn, Lieut. Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. A., to Miss Julia, daughter of Col. Dent of St. Louis.

HOUSE IN WHICH GRANT WAS MARRIED.

The house where Col. Dent lived, and in which the marriage was celebrated, now stands on the southwest comer of Fourth and Cerre streets, St. Lonis. There is very little now in the grimy and dilapidated exterior of the house to suggest the elegance that characterized it in the days when it was the citv residence of the Dents. Mrs. Putcher, a very obliging lady, answers the old-style bell and admits the caller to a spacious hall, from which a very precise stairway leads to the floor above, with one abrupt and uncompromising turn at the middle of the ascent, the stairway affords the first strong trace of the old-time richness. Its balusters are exceedingly plain and straight, and its sharpcornered newel post is innocent of carving, hut all the parts are of mahogany and the top of the post is inlaid with pearl. The double parlors in which the wedding occurred open off the hall to the left. They are commodious rooms of about 10x18 feet in dimensions, and separated by very heavy sliding doors. The door facings and window facings are very broad, but without carving or molding, and are painted white just as they were in their days of glory. The knobs of the doors are of solid brass, and perfectly smooth, as was the fashion when the house was built. The fireplace is surmounted by a wooden mantel, and is faced by an ornamented sheet-iron front, which has escaped any serious defacement or injury all these years. The most notable feature, however, Is the chandelier, whieh is thp same that lighted the memorable bridal festival. It is a very unique affair in bronze, with three burners and three supporting rods, between which latter is a handsome knightly figure. The wonder is that such a souvenir as this has remained safely through all the mutations to which the house has been subjected. The front room is now a sleeping-room; v the back parlor is a dining-room. There is nothing in the general plan of the house to call for special mention, as it is an ordinary dwelling place, with three large rooms on each of the three floors, and a hall-room additional on the second floor. v “ It would appear that the days of this relic are already numbered, as It lies directly in the line of the proposed route of the elevated road which is to connect the Iron Mountain Road with the Union Depot. The bridal couple did not make this house their home, but after a wedding trip they returned to St. Lonis, and lived for some time with Mrs. Grant’s parents out at the farm, on the Gravois road. Young Grant resigned his army commission in 1854, and located with his family out on the Dent farm, Mr. Dent haring made his daughter a present of eighty acres and four slaves. They lived there very nicely, but Grant did not find the life congenial The chief farming he did was to haul cordwood to town and sell it, on whieh occasion the very familiar costume which clad his gaunt form was a jeans pants, gray woolen shirt, one or two “galluses, a pair of raw-hide boots, a slouch hat, and an untrimmed beard. A blacksnake whip made him complete. Tiring completely of farm life, he moved into town, and at first occupied for a time a house at the southeast comer of Seventh and Lynch streets, and then moved to a little house which is now numbered 1008 Barton street. His employment was the real estate business, but he did not prosper, and in 1857 moved to Galena, 111., where he went into business with his father as a tanner. Soon afterward the war broke cut, and Grant was not long In discovering that there was at least one way in which he coaid earn a living, and earn it nobly.

GEN. GRANT’S NEW YOBK RESIDENCE.

ANECDOTAL. An Obstinate Man. .In the early days of the campaign, Mrs. Grant gave an opinion abont Richmond, winch was as well founded as that of the General’s father about Vicksburg. Somebody was so good as to express to her a hope that her husband would take Richmond Mrs. Grant observed, with a dry simplicity of phrase that sounded as if she had gone to school to her husband as well as married him: ’* Well, I don’t know I think he may. Mr. Grant*lways was a very obstinate maul”