Rensselaer Republican, Volume 17, Number 18, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 8 January 1885 — Page 7

The Republican. RENSSELAER, INDIANA wL & MARSHALL, Publish**.

A jury in Port Worth, Texas, has given a brakeman who had his head crashed while coupling oars, $15,000 damages. The road thus heavily assessed is the Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio. . Victor Noir, whose tragic death is well remembered, was a man of little or no education. Shortly before his murder he sent a challenge to Paul de Casaagnao for having written articles attacking Republicanism in France. On reading the letter the imperial duelist laughed heartily. It was full of ignorant blunders, especially bad spelling. He replied as follows: “Sir: You have challenged me without any plausible reason. Therefore I have the choice of weapons. I choose orthography. Consider yourself a dead man. Paul de Cassagnac.” Some men don’t know when they are well off. This is particularly true of John T. Norris, of Loveland, Ohio. He was arrested for wrecking a passenger train at that place, but was discharged for want of evidence. This did not satisfy John, and he wrote to the authorities threatening arrest for false imprisonment. The result must have been surprising, for the officers came forthwith and rearrested him. His letter compared with a memorandum book picked up at the scene of the crime, showed the chirography to be the same. Mr. Norris is not as aggressive as he was. Mr. Fawcett, the late universally regretted Postmaster General of England, though deprived of sight, always had a crowd of short-sighted members around him in the House, to whom he would tell the names of those who were speaking, as he knew all the members by their voices, even those who rarely took part in debate. When answering a question, too, he would quote from official documents as freely as though he was reading them. Mr. Shaw Lefevre, who succeeds him in the office, is a son of Sir John Lefevre, and a nephew of Lord Eversley, who was for so many years the popular Speaker of the House of Commons, and who, at the age of 91, retains his freshness unbroken by gout and years of toil. When Gen. Sherman visited the Atlanta Cotton Exposition he passed through a small town in North Georgia which, when he last saw it, was a small forest of chimneys. The population of the town came to the depot to see the old warrior, who stood on the rear platform of his oar shaking hands while the train stood still. One man in the crowd sang out: “Hello, GinerT; you ain’t iorgofc us, has you?” “Not quite, my friend; I was here about twenty years ago. But what have you done with all you - chimneys?” “O, there standin’ yet. We have just built new homes around ’em.” The General laughed heartily at this. He said afterward it was one of the best evidences he had seen of the rebuilding up of the South. Mare Twain had a funny experience in Albany lately, entirely unpremeditated by the humorist: In making a tour of the capitol he with his party, entered the Adjutant General’s office to pay respects to that official. The Adjutant General being away for the moment, the party chatted cheerfully, and *' Mark Twain, with his usual ease, set down carelessly on one of the Adjutant General’s tables. In a few minutes a dozen clerks and deputies of the departments rushed in and vehemently demanded what was wanted. None of the visitors could understand the intrusion, until it was discovered that Mark Twain had planted himself squarely on a long row of electric buttoms, and thus set ringing as many call-bells.

"George Gould,” said a gentleman, "is one of the nicest young men in the •world. Of course he has not had much chance yet, for he is about 25 and does not look over 20, but his father is pushing him ahead, and when the old man is dead the boy will make the name a better one than it is now. He has already put him into several Boards of Directors, and even now he often, sits at the head of the, table os Vice-Presi-dent of the Western Union, and calls to order and presides over a, board in which Bussell Sage and Sidney Dillon sit as directors. He is careful of himself, avoids bad company,and is perhaps better fitted to tak e charge of his father’s millions than many another son of a father with less than a tenth of Gould’s wealth to leavei Mr. S. Hi Decker, "the armless doorkeeper” of the house, has in his possession a "handkerchief” of very unusual value. Shortly after Jackson’s nullification proclamation, some of his admirers, desiring to preserve it in peculiar form, caused ,it to be printed on large silk handkerchiefs. There were seventeen of these in number. One es these seventeen Mr. Decker has, having received it from a friend who, although he prized it very highly, saw fit to indicate his regard for this armless defender of his country by transfecting it to his possession. It' is a

very large sized hankerchief, printed closely in black ink, and, although it is more than half a century sjnoe it was .printed, it is as clear and sharply defined as th<)h®tH?;B[id" , ftdßhe from the press but yesterday. “I don’t know,* said Mr. Decker answer to a question, “whether any of the other sixteen copies are still in existence, but I do know that I have been offered SSO for this one, and could get much more if I would sell it.” 1 Prof. EastmaSPs widow has made it all right with the community. She is the Poughkeepsie lady of some fifty summers who created a sensation last week by marrying a youth of 22, who was a pupil in a business college of which she is the proprietor. Mrs. Eastman, now Mrs. Gaines, explains to the world, through her intimate friends that the college, which she inherited from the departed Eastman, has been a source of great trouble to her, and that she needed a man to help her maintain her rights. Mr. Gaines to be about such a man. as she wanted, she married him. It was a business transaction; they knew what they were doing-, and regard the matter entirely as their own affair. Considered in the light of a business partnership, arranged by a business woman oonnected with a business college, no impertinent outsider has a right to criticise. This is an advanced age, and when lovely woman insists upon entering a business it is the custom to grant her the privilege. Mr. and Mrs. Gaines are eccused. A pretty and pathetio scene might have been witnessed in a New York court, last week. A lad arrested for stealing a violin was being arraigned for trial when a pretty young lady bounded across the room and clasped him in her arms, both bursting into tears. They kissed and embraced each other fervently, the tableau bringing tears to the eyes of even the judge. Turning to him, she said: “Judge, lam this young man’s sister. We are two orphans. Mother is dead, and for all the good he is to us, father might as well be, dead, too. That boy there is my only care in the world, and he is a good boy, too. If he yielded to temptation it wasn’t because he is wicked or weak, but because necessity drove him to it. He’s not a thief, and never can become one unless you make it impossible' for him to be an honest man by putting the brand of Cain on his life. Release him and you’ll have a sister’s guaranty that he will repay your leniency by leading an honorable career.” The eloquent pleading secured the boy’s release, and both went away rejoicing. San Francisco Chronicle: The whaling bark Alaska, which arrived in this port a'few days ago from the Arctic Ocean, brings a strange story of the narrow esoape from death of six of her crew. The first officer, George Johnson, stated the circumstances to a Chronicle reporter as follows: "On the 16th of last October, when the ves sel was forty-six miles south of Alaska, an object was seen in the distance whose proportions and shape indicated it to be a monster sea-lion. A boat was immediately lowered and placed in charge of First Officer Johnson and five of the crew, named Andy Nelson, William Wilson, Antone Niago, George Marsfield, and Hans Stuten. As the distance was being decreased between the boat and the huge animal, they became convinced that it was the famed sea-serpent. When they came within a few hundred yards the monster made a dash for the boat, striking out its immense tail against the craft. Several of the occupants were precipitated into the water, and were rescued with difficulty. A harpoon and lance were fired into the body of the beast, and it disappeared beneath the surface. Half an hour later ii reappeared, floating on the water, dead. It was secured with ropes and towed to the vessel and hoisted on the deck. There the capture was seen to be a villainous-looking

thing. Its head closely resembled that of an alligator, while the body resembled that of a lizard. It measured thirty-three feet in length, the tail being nine feet long.” The tail was cut off and staffed and brought to this city, and is now on exhibition in a waterfront saloon. If the monster had succeeded in striking the boat with the full length of its tail, Johnson thinks it would have been knocked into atoms and the occupants drowned.

Keeping Down Expenses.

I heard a young man telling how he managed to keep his living expenses down to close figure, without having to practice any self-deniaL You see, I take my meals down street. I have bought two meal tickets, one at a firstclass restaurant, and the other at a cheap place. When my appetite is good, or I want to take anybody to dinner with me, I go to the best place, but when I don’t feel particularly sharkish I go down to the other restaurant and give my order there. In that way I keep up about a comfortable average living. That cheap meal ticket also comes handy when I don’t feel very flush, and have to begin cutting down expenses. Another way in which I find it useful is in relieving the hunger of my impecunious friends. When they get so hard up they can’t afford a square meal and come around to me for relief, I display my magnanimity bv handing them my meal ticket and telling them to go and eat their fill. Bnt its always the cheap ticket, though they suppose they are living as well as their benefactor, and Sh% ver down their blessings according.” Paul Pioneer Press.

EATING BEFORE SLEEPING.

A Journalist's Experience, of Vklne to i-V Mankind la General. _ The notion is widely prevalent that it is unhealthy to eat late at night or just before retiring. This came from the severe denunciation of ’‘late suppers” contained in all the old popular works on diet The argument in these publications was not directed against what was involved in s late snppec, at a period when the revelers slipped from their chairs and spent the night under the table, or were carried by waiting lackeys insensible to their beds. It was the midnight debauch that was the object of attack, and even here it was less the gluttony than the drunkenness which alarmed she doctors and called forth their reprehensions. A man may indnce apoplexy by gorging himself with food at any hour of the day, but the bottle after bottle of heady wine or the bowles of hot punch at the evening revel were what did the business for most who ran a brief career of dissipation to an untimely grave. Man is the only animal that can be taught to sleep quietly on an empty stomach. The brute creation resent all efforts to coax them to such a violation of the laws of nature. The lion roars in the forest until he has found his prey, and when he has devoured it he sleeps over until he needs another meal. The horse will paw all night in the stable, and the pigs will squeal in the pen, refusing all rest and sleep until they are fed. The animals which chew their cud have their own provision for a late meal just before dropping off to their night slumbers. Man can train himself to the habit of sleeping without a preceding meal, but only after long years of practice. As he comes into the world nature is too strong for him, and he must be fed before going to sleep. A child’s stomach is small, and when perfectly filled, if no sickness disturbs it, sleep follows naturally and inevitably. As digestion goes on the stomach begins to empty. A single fold in it will make the little sleeper restless; two will awaken it, and if it is hushed again to repose the nap is short, and three folds put ah end to the slumber. Paragoric or other narcotic may close its eyes again, but wifchont*either food or some stupefying drag it will not sleep, no matter how healthy it may be. Not even an angel who learned the art of minstrelsy in a celectial choir can sing a babe to sleep on a empty stomach. We use the oft-quoted illustration, “sleeping as sweetly as an infant,” because this slumber of a child follows immediately after its stomach is completely filled with wholesome food. This sleep which comes to adults long hours after partaking es food, and when foe stomach is nearly or quite empty, is not after the type of infantile repose. There is all the difference in the world between the sleep of refreshment and the sleep of exhaustion. To sleep well, the blood that swells the veins in the head during onr busy hours must flow back, leaving a greatly diminished volume behind the brow that lately throbbed with Buch vehemence. To digest well, this blood is needed at the stomach and near the fountain of life. It is a fact established beyond the possibility of contradiction that sleep aids digestion, and that the process of digestion is conducive to refreshing sleep. It needs no argument to convince ns of this mutual relation. The drowsiness which always follows a well-ordered meal is itself a testimony of nature to this interdependence. The waste of human life by the neglect of the lesson is very great. The daily wear and tear of the body might be restored more fully than it usually is if this simple rule was not systematically violated. Sleep is wonderfully recuperative, but it may be shorn of half its benefits by unfavorable conditions. Fonl air in the bedchamber leaves the sleeper almost as exhausted in the morning as when, weary with the day’s labor, he sank upon the bed. A gnawing stomach, empty of food, takes out of the nightly sleep that refreshing sense of comfort which properly belongs to it It leaves the blood to throb in the heated brow, andiiannts the sleep with an ever-present source of disquiet It is like the sleep which the mother takes while her sick child is under the care of watchers in another room. An uneasy stomach is , just like an aching heart in its effects upon the nightly repose. A healthy person who goes to bed on a full stomaoh will always wake in the morning with a better appetite for breakfast If dinner is eaten in the middle of the day and a light supper is served at 6 in the afternoon, a hearty luncheon should be provided at 10 in the evening, or jfot before the hour of retiring. The role should be to eat at the last moment before going to bed, whatever that honr- may be. And the latest meal should not be of “light” viands, as this phrase is commonly understood. The less a person hats at any time of cake or pie, or the countless flummeries that go to make up a fancy tea-table, the better, but none of these should be eaten at bedtime. Cold chicken, cold roast beef, corned beef, or wholesome meat of any kind, with well-baked bread and butter (sauce and pickles will do no harm) will serve the substantial requisites for this collation. Milk is perhaps the best of all where the pure article can be obtained; “Borden’s condensed” will supply it in the best shape to suit the taste, and if that is used it should be mixed with warm or hot water, instead of cold, and eaten before it cools. With bread and fruit (baked apples will serve when berries and peaches fail) this makes a very wholesome evening meal. All persons should he very cautious when they reform their habits in this respect. A mouthful or two each night at first is all that should be attempted gradually- increasing the quantity until luncheon becomes a pretty substantial meal. If indigestion follows at any times, chewing " the meat of one or two peach pits (for the prnssic acid in thorn) after eatingis better than sending for a doctor. With a clear conscience and a full stomach, any man in tolerable health may derive from his nightly sleep that Recuperation which ought to come from this sweet restorer of life’s daily wear and waste. —David M. Stone, in New York Journal of Commerce.

A STORY OF THE HAYES REGIME.

How Garlan|p of Arkansas, Narrowly EM&peda Seat on the $a- * promo Bench. [Washington telegram to Chicago News.] Senator Garland, of whose name has been mentioned so prominently for the Attorney-Generalship under Cleveland, is now serving his second tern in the United States senate. He is about 52 years old. His frame is tall and. well built, surmounted with a large, well-rounded head, covered with bushy black hair. His face is clean shaven, his mouth firm hut pleasant, solemn one moment and twitching the next with some nascent drollery. His eyes are brown, small, frank, and piercing, kindly withal, but changing rapidly from earnest to quizzical. The 8 enate does not contain a more universal student or a more restless wag. After hours spent in profound and abstracted study he will refresh himself with a series of practical pranks, sparing no one in the range of his sallies, hitting home with the most grotesque solemnity, but never in malice. His especial delight is to get hold of some dismal'personage with ho more juice in him than there is in a boarding-house steak and test him with some ludicrous yarn, "and then enjoy telling to others the effect A guilty conscience keeps him always on the lookout for some terrible retaliation, and it is a red-letter day in the Senate when this biter is bitten. On one occasion, when an important measure was before the Senate, Garland delivered a careful and exhaustive speech, to which close attention was given. About ten minutes after he had finished Don Cameron went over to the Arkansas Senator’s side of the chamber and said: “Garland, when are yon going to speak cm this question? I want to hear you?” , “Good Lord,” remarked the surprised Senator; “why, I just got through. Where were you?” About five minutes later Mr. Whyte (Maryland), who had not been in the Senate during the speech, had the job put up on him, and asked the same question in good faith, “Why, I just finished, Whyte. Consult the Record in the morning. ” Another five minutes passed, and then Butler of South Carolina, another sleepless wag, went meekly up to Garland and asked when he was going to speak on the bill. Considering the source of this last inquiry, the remark was in the nature of an eyeopener, ancLMr. Garland tartly replied: “If you have any more of ’em, Butler, bring them on in a body; it saves time,” Politically Mr. Garland’s career has been a wise and eminently conservative one. By training and instinct he sympathized deeply with the old Whig party in politics and entered the war like other thousands more through fidelity to his region than because he believed in its wisdom or necessity, or had any special faith in its outcome. He was less than 30 years of ago when his State passed the ordinance of secession, and he was shat to the Provisional Congress at Montgomery. He served in both branches of the Confederate Congress, and was a member of the Senate when the war closed. At the age of 35 he was elected to the United States Senate, but the smoke of the late conflict had not sufficiently cleared away, and he was refused his seat. He nexTserved a term as Governor of Arkansas." Upon the retirement of Poweffi Clayton from the Senate in 1877 Mr. Garland again appeared at Washington. This time he took his seat in the Senate without objection. Six years later, without a dissenting voice, he was re-elected for a second term. The legal reputation which had preceded him secured him, oil his first entrance to the Senate, a place on the Judiciary Committee, and for four years he has been first on that committee from the Democratic side. He not only enjoys the profound confidence and esteem of his Democratic colleagues, but is equally admired for Ms personal and professional qualities by such critical adversaries as Edmunds and GonkUng. On points of legal doctrine they, seldom clash. The esteem in which Senator Garland is held by the Bepublican side of the chamber brings to light a bit of curious and unwritten history. When Hayes was eking out the last days* of his administration there occurred a vacancy on the Supreme bench. As the court was overwhelmingly Bepublican, a happy and magnanimous idea suggested itself to Senator Edmunds. Taking with him several other Republican Senators, including Mr. Morrill, of Vermont, all of whom cordially indorsed the plan, he went to the White House and presented the name of Mr. Garland for the vacancy. They took the broad ground that a competent and vigorous lawyer was the chief need of the court at that time. The docket was far'behind. No Bepublican principle could be in jeopardy, and the appointment of Mr. Garland would be an extremely graceful and well-merited compliment. Of course all tMs was done entirely without the knowledge of the Southern Senator. The idea struck Mr. Hayes apparently with some force. He promised to consider the matter carefully, and asked the distinguished gentlemen to call again. On their second visit he expressed himself better pleased with the idea, and promised to comply with their unselfish wishes, and give Mr. Garland the place. It was impossible to keep tMs important news a secret in Senatorial circles. Somebody leaked and Mr. Garland, to his amazement, found himself in advance of Ms appointment the victim of hearty congratulations. He was, of course, deeply gratified to learn how this unexpected thing had been accomplished, and would have relished the honor, as law is more in the line of Ms ambition than politics. It is* hard to paint the profound disgust of Mr. Edmunds when the Presidential gift,*only a few days later, was placed on the plate of Stanley Matthews. It largely accounts for the fact that Mr. Matthews was confirmed by one vote—not, by the way, under Hayes, but when the nomination had been renewed by Garfield. Should Mr. Garland become a member of Cleveland's Cabinet the Legislature will probably re-elect him to the Senate in 1889, thus enabling him to resume Ms seat in that body on the very day the coming administration steps down and out.

A peculiar-looking fish, measuring over nine feet in length, came ashore at Gape Hatteras, North Carolina. It weighed over €OO pounds, and was of a dark color. It has been sent to Prof. Baird, of the Smithsonian Institution. Lieut. Gew.D. H. Hill, of Confederate army fame, who is writing war reminiscences for the Century magazine, has resigned the Presidency of the Arkansas Industrial University, and has taken up his residence at Macon, Ga. The private desk of the late Chief Justice Chase is still in the law office in Cincinnati where it has been for fifty years. In Ohio on Jan. 1 the standard weight of a bushel of ear com will be sixty-eight instead of seventy pounds, Thomas IHst is getting ready to lecture. He ought to daw.

THE NEGROES.

Got. Headricks Says the Constitutional J Amendments Cannot and Win Net Be Disturbed. Some time sinoe Edwin F. Horn, editor of the Colored World, at Indianapolis, addressed a letter to Vice President-elect Hendricks, asking him what would be the probable policy of the incoming administration toward the colored people. Mr. Hendricks sent a reply, which has been madapublio. He says: You ask me what will be the probable policy of the Incoming administration toward the colored people. The Inquiry seems to be made that the answer may allay the fears of many who think the colored man will be shorn of many rights guaranteed to him In common with all citizens, and that he will gradually be subjected to a species of slavery. The convention that nominated the National Democratic ticket adopted a platform for the candidates to stand upon that so clearly and fully stated the principles «id purposes of the party that no voter could be mistaken or misled In casting hie ballot. It has never occurred to me to question that the success of the party would be followed by the adoption and maintenance of the principles and purposes so declared. The following is a paragraph of the platform: “Asserting the equality of all men before the law, we hold that It Is the duty of the Government in Its dealings with the people to mete out equal and exact justice to aH citizens, of whatever nativity, race, color, or persuasion—religious or political." Can I use language that will give stronger assurance to the colored people that their rights, legal and constitutional, will be respected ana upheld by the Incoming administration? This pledge was made by the greatest political convention ever held in the country—perhaps In the world. That convention represented more than half the people. But stronger and firmer than the pledge of any party are the constitutional provisions that prohibit slavery, confer citizenship, and guarantee equality of civil and political rights. These provisions have become a partof the machinery of organized society, and being in support of natural rights are practically Irrevocable. Whatever any of us may have thought,of the propriety of the adoption of the later constitutional amendments at the time and under the circumstanoes of their adoption, they are now tCL be regarded as a part of the fundamental law of the land, never to be questioned or disturbed. The liberty and citizenship of the colored man are held by the same right and guarantee as those of the white man, and oan no more be taken from him nor Impaired than they can be taken from the white man. I would not concede that a part or the-whole of the people could by any action or in any fond of law deprive me of my liberty, except for crime committed, or strip me of citizenship; sol regard the liberty and citizenship of the colored man as inviolable. It was a cruel thing at the late election to play upon the credulity of the colored people and anbject them to a groundless fear of a return to slavery, and thna control their action aa voters. I had occasion, some years since, to express my views upon the subject <ot “negro suffrage, and in that disonssion I said: “I am not able to see why the subject of negro suffrage should be discussed. It must be known to all that the late amendments will not be, cannot be, repealed. There is but the duty upon all to make the political power now held by the enfranchised race the cause of the least evil and of the greatest possible good to the country. The negro la now free, and Is the equal of the white man In respect to his civil and political rights. He must now make his ewn contest for position and power. By his own conduct And success he will be judged. It will be unfortunate for him it he shall rely upon political sympathy for position rather than upon duties well and intelligently discharged. Everywhere the white race should help him, but his reliance must mainly be upon himself.” I am very respectfully yours, i

NEARLY 1,000 LIVES LOST.

Frightful Results of the Recent Earthquake In Spain. [Cable dispatch from Madrid.] The official reports show that 266 persons were killed in Malaga and Granada by the recent earthquake. The population of Granada is still encamped in the square, the richer classes lodging in carriages along foe promenade. The facade of the cathedral is seriously damaged. Many houses were destroyed in Jimena, and a whole family killed in foe village at Cajar by a falling cMmney. Over half foe inhabitants of Albunuchas were killed. Alhama is mostly in ruins. Commerce is paralyzed. Two hundred houses at Alfaraetojo were damaged. The panic is subsiding. The shock was not felt in foe northern and northwestern provinces. The Government has granted $5,000 from foe national calamity fund for foe relief of foe sufferers in foe province of Granada. Later advices, state that 300 lives were lost at Alhama; 750 houses and foe church were destroyed and foirty persons killed at Periana; foe Town Hall and many houses were damaged at Torrox, foe inhabitants of which fled panic-stricken. It is now estimated that 600 persons were killed in the province of Malaga, including those killed at Alhama. Fresh shocks more violent than foe first have occurred at Torrox and Alhama. The panic in those places has revived. Official returns from the province of Granada say that 526 were killed by the earthquake there, and in Malaga 100. In Alhama over 350 bodies have already been recovered. In Peri&na sixty bodies have been recovered. Many persons died from flight. The convicts in Seville prison attempted to escape.

A Mad Mother’s Act.

CDahlgren (BL) special.] The good people of this town are considerably worked up over a horrible double tragedy and suicide committed in their midst. Mrs. James Williams was the daughter of Squire Atchison, a well-to-do resident of Dahlgren, and one of the leading men of Hamilton County. Several years ago she married, against her father’s wishes, a poor farmer named James Williams. They rented a small farm mid tried to mwi a good living, but somehow the crops didn’t turn out well, and they had bard work keeping the wolf from the door. Then Squire Atchison died, and, as he was well off, Mrs Williams thought now they conld pay for their farm and make some much-needed improvements; but unfortunately the old gentleman had cut her off with a pittance, leaving his property to her more fortunately situated brothers and sisters. This preyed on her mind, and she finally determined to end her sorrows and save her children from a miserable future. While her husband was off at Work last Friday she threw her oldest child, a little girl, into the well, and, fastening her baby to her dress, jumped in herself, dragging the baby after her. She left no note behind to tell where she and the children had gone, and it was not until the next day that their bodies were found at the bottom of the well, with a sheet of ice above them, the water having frozen daring the night The coming American pianist is coming from California. He is James K. Mansfield, who has been a pupil of Liszt and lately has astonished a critical audience in Berlin by his wonderful performance on the piano. It is reported in Louisville that a woman of that city in November sent Gov. Cleveland a large plum pudding which was found to contain poison. She has disappeared. Several great statesmen wifi keep their stockings hanging until the last horn blows, if it takes until dog days. President Cleveland will have the appointing of at least two Major Generals.

Statistics Showing the Railway Can* stmctJoß In TUs Ceuutry During the Past Year. •’—7 ■ - The number of miles of now railw»y constructed in the United State* daring the year says the Railway Ape, would have been pronounced extraordinary if it had been built six yean ago, and yet it ia small compared with any year since 1878, Onr returns, very carefully collected from official sources, show the total of the new main line track added during the year to hare been a little under 4,000 mile*, which figure may possibly be reached by final return*. This is about 3,C00 mile* lege than that laid in 1883, and about 7,600 miles tea* than the total reached in the wonderful year 1882. It is also much tern than that of th* year* 1879, 'BO, and 81; bat on the other hand it far exceeds the work of 1875, 76 77, and 78. Conaidering the general condition of the country, the new mileage added in the last year was enough; and yet, with the exception of a few parallel and unnecessary lines, it can not be said that railway building has been overdone. In general the roads built were needed for the development of the regions which they enter, and there is room for a large amount more of new construction of this character. The following is onr statement of the new mileage added in the different States and Territories, arranged in what may be edited the nine natural geographical subdivisions of the country. It should be understood that these figures show main Hne only, and do not include side tracks, or second tracks, of wMch many miles have been laid. The intention also is to report only the mileage actually laid down since Jan. 1, 1884, and hence we have thrown out a considerable number of miles officially reported to ns as built during the past year, but on wMch we know the rails to have been laid in 1883, and which were included in the report of that year: TRACK LAID DURING TB* TSAR 1884. States. Lines. j= No. ■= New England 3 States. lines. 2 Maine 3 41 Tennessee........ 6 72 New Hampshire Kentucky 8 40 Vermont I_4 Missouri Belt— Massachusetts... 3 19Minnesota 10 279 Rhode Island lowa u 279 Connecticut 1 11 Mi550uri.......... 7 11* Eastern Middle— _ Arkansas,... 4 32 New York ... 1 20 Louisiana 4 120 New Jersey....... 4 19! Kansas Belt— Pennsylvania ...14 252 Dakota 8 2*9 Delaware.. ...... 2 24Nebraska 7 79 Md. and D. C.... 8 17 Kansas * I*o Middle Western— Indian Territory. „ .. West Virginia... 4 70|Texas 4 72 0hi0... 8 108 Colorado Beit— Indiana 3 29 Colorado 2 34 Michigan...... .. 4 26Montana 1 9 Illinois,.. 8 40 New Mexico 2 48 Wisconsin...... . * 224 Utah 2 7 Southern— Wyoming .. Virginia ........ 8 118 Pacific BeltNorth Carolina.. 8 184 California. 8 *8 South Carolina.. 1 7 Nevada Georgia 8 111 Oregon b 218 Florida 8 IS3 Arizona 1 8 Alabama 6 74 Idaho 2 39 Mississippi 3 216 Washington Ter. 1 62

RECAPITULATION. No. lineSc Milos. New England States 8 75 Eastern Middle States 24 332 Middle Western 5tate5........ 25 664 Southern States (east of Mississippi Hirer). so 1,008 Missouri 8e1t...,,. .. 38 828 Kansas Belt 22 680 Colorado Belt T 98 Pacific Belt 14 390 Total in 42 (of the 47) States and Territories 186 *jm It will be seen that the railway mileage was increased during the year in every State except the little, finished commonwealths of New Hampshire and Bhode • Island, and the inhospitable mountain land of Nevada, and in every Territory except the Indian country, which is still strangely sealed by legislation against the inroads of civilization, and Wyoming, whose mountain wastes offer few inducements to the railway builder. The States and Territories showing the greatest addition to their mileage are lowa and Minnesota, each 279 miles; Dakota, 269; Pennsylvania, 252; Mississippi, 246; Wisconsin, 224; and Oregon, 218. In the others the increase runs from 4 to 160 miles. The number of lines reported is 186, against 257 last year, and the average extension is only a little over 20 miles to each road. COKPAEXTXVE RATLWAT MILEAOX TOB TEW YEABS. Miles Total Miles Total Tear, built, mileage. Tear, built, mileage. 1876 1,712 74,696 1880...... 7,174 93.4*4 1876 2,712 76,808 1881. 8.789 109.242 1877 2,281 79,089 1882..... 114,838 1878 2,687 81,776,1883 1879 4,721 86,49711884...... 3,670 125,482 It will be seen that in the last ten years our railway mileage has increased more than 51,000 miles, or nearly 70 per cent, and that tihe total mileage of the United States is now, in round numbers, 125,500 miles. This is an immense and magnificent system, but every coming year will add thousands of miles more until these figures shall have been at least doubled, with a country so vast and rapidly growing as ours, none ean set bounds to the possibility of -our railway extension.

T. A. HENDRICKS.

An Encouraging Outlook. The Age of Steel (St. Louis) publishe over 200 letters from prominent manufacturers, in all parts of the country—furnacemen, dealers in iron-working machinery, steam-engine builders, and editors of trade papers—on. the state of trade last year and the prospect for the next six months. Taking the whole country together, the volume of sales in these branches in 1884 does not differ materially from that of 1883. There was, however, a depreciation of values in the neighborhood of 15 per cent, so that the margin of profits and the aggregate of sales were smaller than in 1883/ The extensions of plants and improvement of facilities for manufacturing were also less than for the previous year. Manufacturers generally take a hopeful view of the future for the following reasons: The values of raw materials and of manufactured products are now at the lowest point, further depreciation being impossible; stocks in the country are unusually light, inquiries for spring delivery are numerous, and the production of pig-iron in the United States dnring the year was about 10 per cent, less than in 1883. The coke and charcoal furnaces jn the South, having an annual productive capacity of 920,000 tons per annum, me not now making above 8,000 tons a week. Ex-Senator Sharon's estate, in which Sarah Hill—by the decision of the court, "Mrs. Sharon”—will share, is put down at $4,000,000. Ex-Judge George W- Tyler, Mias Hill’s counsel, took the esse for onehalf of what might be recovered. Tyler is said to have grown rich taking divorce cases on these terms. - - —T— A MAN m York County, Pennsylvania, had his wife arrested for pouring a gallon of molasses on his head. He said he didn’t want his taffy that way. Electric breastpins are the latest iavfotiona for the benefit of hotel clerks. ■

RAILROADS.

IRON AND STEEL.