Rensselaer Republican, Volume 16, Number 47, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 31 July 1884 — Page 3

GEN. LOGAN’S LETTER.

An Able Second to Mr. Blaine’s Acceptance of the National Nomination. Protection Must Be Given Our Commerce, and Southern Bulldozing Must Be Suppressed. Civil Service Reform Safe in the Hands of the Republican Party—Our Foreign Relations. Washington, D. C., July 19. Dear Sib: Having received from you, on June 24, official notification of my nomination by the National Republican Convention, as Rupublican candidate for Vice President of the United States, and considering it to be the duty of every man devoting himself to public service to assume any position to which he may be called by the voice of his countrymen, I accept the nomination with grateful heart and the deep sense of its responsibilities, ami, if elected, shall endeavor to discharge the duties of the office to the best of my ability. This honor, as is well understood, was wholly " unsought by me, and that it was tendered <by representatives of the party, in a manner so flattering, will serve' to lighten whatever labors I may be called upon to perform. Although the variety of subjects covered in the very excellent vigorous declaration of principles adopted by the late convention prohibits, upon an occasion calling for brevity, exnression. of that full, elaboration of which they are susceptible, I avail myself of the party usage to signify my approval of the various resolutions of the platform, and to discuss them briefly. PROTECTION TO AMERICAN LABOR. .. The resolution of the platform declaring for the levy of such duties "as to afford security to our diversified industries and protection to the rights and wages of the laborer to the end that active and intelligent labor, as Well as capital, may have its. just award, and the laboring man his full share in the national prosperity,” meets my hearty approval. If there be a Nation on the face of the- earth which might, if it were a desirable. thing, build a wall upon its every boundary line, deny communication to all the world,., and proceed to live upon its own resources and productions, that nation is the United States. There is hardly a legitimate necessity of the civilized communities which cannnt be produced from the extraordinary resources of our severatfitates and Territories, with their manufactories, mines, farms, timber-lands, and water ways. This circumstance, taken in connection with the fact that our form of government is entirely unique among the nations of the world, makes it utterly absurd to institute comparisons between our own economic systems —and those of other governments, and especially —to attempt to borrow systems from them. We stand alone in our circumstances, our forces, our possibilities, and our aspirations. In all successful governments it is the prime requisite that capital and labor should be upon the best of terms, and that both should enjoy the highest attainable prosperity. It thete be a disturbance of a just balance between them, one or the other suffers, and dissatisfaction follows, which is harmful to both. The lessons furnished by the comparatively short history of our own national life have been too much overlooked by our people. The fundamental article in the old Democratic creed proclaimed almost absolute , free trade, and this, too, no more than a quarter of a cerrtnry ago. The low condition of our national credit, the financial and business uncertainties, and the general lack of prosperity under that system can be remembered by every man now in middle life. Although in a great nuihber of the reforms instituted by the Republican party sufficient credit has not been publicly awarded to that of the tariff reform, its benefits have nevertheless been felt, throughout the land. The principle underlying this measure has been in process of ■ gradual development by the Republican party during a comparatively brief period of its power, and to-day a portion of its antiquated Democratic opponents make unwilling concession to the correctness of the document, an equitably adjusted protective tariff, by following slowly in its footsteps, though a very long way in the rear. The principle involved is one of no great obscurity, andean be readily comprehended by any intelligent person calmly reflecting upon it. The political and social systems of some of our trade-competing nations have created working classes miserable in the extreme. They receive the merest stipend for their daily toil, and in the great expense of the necessities of life are deprived of those comforts, clothing, housing, and health-producing food with which wholesome mental and social recreation can alone make existence happy and desirable. Now, if the products of those countries are to be placed in our markets, alongside American products, either the American capitalist must suffer in his legitimate profits, or lie 'must imilre the American laborer suf- i fer, in the attempt to compete with the species of labor above referred to. In case of a substantial reduction of pay, there can be no compensating advantages for the American laborer, because the articles of daily consumption which he uses, with the exception of articles not produced in the United States, and easy of being specially provided for, as coffee and tea, are grown in our own country, and would not be affected in price by the lowering of duties. Therefore, while he woflid receive less for his labor, his cost of living would not be decreased. Being practically placed upon the pay of the European laborer, our own would be deprived of facilities for educating and sustaining his family respectably; he would be shornof proper opportunities for self-imprsvement, and his value as a citizen be charged with a portion of the obligations. The Government would be lessened, the moral tone of the laboring classes would suffer, and In time the interests of capital and the well-being of orderly citizens In general would be menaced, while one evil would react upon ‘ another, until there would be a general disturbance of the whole community. The true problem of a good and stable government, is how to infuse prosperity among all classes of the people, the manufacturer, farmer, mechanic, and laborerer alike. Such prosperity is a preventive of.crime, a security of capital, and a very best guarantee of peace and happiness. The obvious policy of our Government is to protect both capital and labor by a proper imposition of duties. This protection should extend to every article of American production which goes to build up the general prosperity of our people. The national convention, in view of the special dangers menancing the wool interests of the United States, deem it wise to adopt separate resolutions on the subject of its protection. This Industry is a very large and important one. The necessary legislation to sustain this industry upon a prosperous basis should be extended. Noone realizes more fully than myself the great delicacy and difficulty of adjusting a tariff so nicely and equitably as to protect every home industry, sustain every class of American labor, promote to the Highest point our agricultural interests, and at the same time to give tb one and all the advantages pertaining to foreign productions not in competition with our own, thus not only bniiding up our foreign commerce, but taking measures to carry it in our own bottoms. Difficult as this work appears, and reallv is, it is susceptible of accomplishment by patient and intelligent labor, and to no hands can it be committed with as great assurance of success as to those of the Republican party. OUR MONETARY SYSTEM. The Republican party is the indisputable author ot the financial and monetary system [ which, it is safe to say, has never before been equaled by that of any other nation. Under the operation of our system of finance, the country was safely carried through an extended and expensive war with national credit, which has . risen higher and higher with each succeeding year until now the credit of the United States is surpassed by that of no other nation, while its securities, at a constantly increasing premium, are eagerly sought after by Investors in all parts ot the world. Our system of currency is most admirable in construction. While all the Conveniences of bill circulation attach to it, every dollar in paper represents a dollar of the world's money standards, add as long as the just and wise policy of the Republican party is continued there can be no impairment of the national credit. Therefore, under the present laws relating' thereto, it will be impossible! tor any man to lose a penny in the bonds or bills of the United States, or in the bills of the national banks. The advantage of having a bank note in the house which will be as good in the morning as it was the night before should be appreciated by all. The convertibility of the currency should he maiutaiuqd intact, and the establish-: ment of an international standard among all commercial nations, fixing the relative values of gold and silver coinage, would be a measure of peculiar ailvant.cg INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE. The subjects embraced in the resolutions respectively looking to the promotion of our interstate and f 1 reign commerce, and to the matter ot our foreign relations, are fraught with great importance to our fteople. In resjtect to interstate commerce there is much to be desired in the way of equitable'rates and its facilities of transportation, t hat commerce may flow freely to the States themeelves, divets t-y of Industries and employment be promoted in all sections of our country; and that the great gr a napes and manufacturing, establishments of the interior may be enabled to s< nd their products to the seaboard fur shipmint to foreign countries, re-

lieved of vexatious restriettons and discriminations in matters of which it mpy emphatically be said, “Time is money," and also of unjust charges upon articles destined to meet close competition from the products of other parts of the world. As to our foreign commerce, the enormous growth of our industries, and our surprising production of cereals and other necessities of life, imperatively require that immediate and effective means may be taken through peaceful, orderly, and conservative ipethods to open markets which have been and are now monopolized largely by other nations. This more particularly relates to our sister republics of Spanish America, as also to our friends the people of the Brazilian Empire. The republics of Spanish America are allied to us by the very closest and warmest feelings, based upon similarity of institutions and government, common aspirations, and mutual hopes. The “Great Republic,” as they proudly term the United States, is looked upon by their people with affectionate admiration and as a model for them to build upon, and we should cultivate between them and ourselves closer commercial relations, which will bind all together by ties of friendly intercourse and mutual advantage. Further than this, being small commonwealths, in the military and naval sense of European powers, they look to us as at least a moral defender against the system of territorial and other encroachments, which, aggressive in the past, has not been abandoned at this day. Diplomacy and intrigue have done much more to wrest the commerce of Spanish America from the United States than has legitimate commercial competition. Politically we should be bound to thsrepublics of our continent by the closest ties; and communication by ships and railroads should be encouraged to the fullest extent consistent with a wise and conservative public policy. Above all, we should be upon such terms of friendship as to preclude the possibility of national mlsunderetandings between ourselves and any members of the American republican family. The best method to promote uninterrupted peace between one and all would lie in a meeting of a general conference or congress, whereby an agreement to submit all international differences to the peaceful decision of friendly arbitration might be reached. An agreement of this kind would give to our sister republics confidence in each other and In us. Closer communication would at once ensue, reciprocally advantageous commercial treaties might be made whereby much of the commerce which now flows across the Atlantic would, seek its legitimate channels, and inure to the greater prosperity of all the American commonwealths. The full advantages of a policy of this nature cotfid not be stated in a brief discussion like the present. FOREIGN POLITICAL RELATIONS. ' The United States has grown to be a Government representing more than 50,000,000 people, and in every sense, excepting that of a mere naval power, is one of the first nations of the world. As such its citizenship should be valuable, entitling its possessor to protection in every quarter of the globe. Ido not consider it necessary that our Government shorfld construct enormous fleets of improved iron-clads and maintain a commensurate body of seauren in order to place ourselves on a war footing with the military and naval powers of Europe. Such a course would not be compatible with the peaceful policy of our country, thongji it seems absurd that we have not effective means to repel wanton invasion of our coast and give protection to our coast towns and cities against any power. The great moral force of our country is so universally recognized as to render an appeal to arms by us, either in the protection of our citizens abroad or in recognition of any just international right, qui te improbable. What we most need in this direction is a firm and vigorous assertion of every right and privilege belonging to our Government or its citizens, as well as an equally firm assertion of the rights and privileges belonging to the general* family of American republics situated upon this continent, wlien opposed—if ever they should be—by different sys~. -terns-of- government upon another continent. An appeal to right by such a Government as onrs could not be disregarded by any civilized nation. In the treaty of Washington we led the world to the means of escape from the horrors of civil war, and it is to be hoped the era when all international differences shall be decided.by peaceful arbitration is not far off. EQUAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENSHIP. The central ideas of a republican form of government is the rule of the whole people as opposed to other forms which rest upon the privileged class. Our, fosel'athets, ill the attempt to erect a new government, which might represent the advanced thought of the world at that period upon the subject of governmental reform, adopted the idea of the people’s sovereignty, and thus laid the basis of our present Republic. While technically it was a government of the people, it was in strictness only a government of a portion of the people, excluding from all participation a .certain other por'tion, held in a condition ot absolute, despotic, and hopeless servitude, the parallel to which, fortunately, does not now exist in any modern Christian nation. With the culmination, however, of another cycle of advanced thought, the American Republic suddenly assumed the full character of a government of the whole people, and 4,000,000 human cieatures emerged from the condition of bondsmen to the full status of freemen, theoreta ically invested with the same civil and politicaT’ rights possessed by their former masters. Tire subsequent legislation, which guaranteed, by every legal title, citizenship and full equality before the law in all respects for this previously disfranchised people, amply covers the requirements and secures to them, so far as legislation can, the privileges Of American citizenship. But a disagreeable fact ip the case _is that while, theoretically, we are in enjoyment of a government of the whole people, practically wp are almost as far from it as we were in the ante-bellum days of the republic. There are but a few leading and indisputable facts which cover the whole statement in the case. In many of the Southern States the colored population is in large excess ,of the white. The colored people are Republicans, as are also a considerable portion of the white people. The remaining portion of the latter are Democrats. In face of this incontestable truth, these States invariably return Democratic majorities. In other States ot the South the colored people, although not a majority, form a very considerable body of the population, and, with the white Republicans, are numerically in excess of the Democrats, yet precisely the same political result obtains, the Democratic party invariably carrying the election. It is not even thought advisable to allow an occasional or unimportant election to be carried by the Republicans as a "blind,” or as a stroke of finesse. A careful and impartial investigation lias shown these results to follow systematic exercise of physical intimidation and violence, conjoined with the most shameful devices evpr, practiced in the name of free elections. So confirmed has this result become that we are brought face to face with the ext’aordinary political fact that the Democratic party oil the South relies almost entirely upon the methods stated for success in national elections. This unlawful perversion of the popular franchise, which I desire to state dispassionately and in a manner comporting with the proper dignity of the occasion, is one of deep gravity to «ffie American people in a double sense: 1. It is in violation —open, direct, and flagrant—of the Srimary principle upon which our Government i supposed to rest, viz.: That contnsl ot the government is participated in by all legally qualified citizens, in accordance with the plan of popular government; and that majorities must rule in the decision ot all questions. Second, it is in violation, of the rights and interests of the States wherein are partictrlarly centered the great wealth and industries ot the nation,. and which tuy an overwhelming proportion of tfffe national taxes. The immense aggregation of interests embraced within, and the enormously greater population of these other States ot the Union are subjected every tour years to the dangers of a wholly fraudulent show of numerical strength. Under this system minorities actually attempt to direct the course of national affairs; and though up to this time success has not attended their efforts to elect a President, yet success has been so perilously imminent as to encourage a repetition ot the effort at each quadrennial election, and subject the interests of an overwhelming majority of our people. North and South, to the hazards of illegal subversion. The stereotyped argument in refutation of these plain truths is that if the Republican element; was realty in the majority they could not be deprived of their rights and privileges by a minority ; but neither the statistics, the population, nor the unavoidable logic of the situation can be overridden. Tlte colored people of the South have recently emerged from th'e bondage of their present political oppressors; they have had but few advantages of education which might enable them to compete with the whites. As I have heretofore maintained. in order 'to . achieve the ideal perfection of popular government it is absolutely necessary that the masses should be educated. This proposition applies itself with full force to the colored people of the South. They must have better educational advantages, and thus be enabled to become the intellectual peers of their white brethren, as many of them undoubtedly already are. A liberal school system should be provided fer the rising generation of the South, and the colored people be made as capable of exercising the duties of electors as the whlte.people. In the meantime it is the duty of the National Government to go beyond the resolutions and declarations on the subject, and to take such action as may lie in its power to secure absolute freedom at the national elections everywhere, to the end that our Congress may cease to c- htain members representing fictitious majorities of their people, thus mis ilrecttag the popular will concerning na ion al legislation, and especially to the end that in Presidential contests the great business and other interests ot the country may not be placed in fear and trembling lest

an unscrupulous m&rority should succeed in stifling the wishes of the majority. In accordance with the spirit of the last resolution of the Chicago platform,' measures should be taken at once to remedy this great evil. FOREIGN IMMIGRATION. Under our liberal institutions the subjects and citizens of every nation have been welcomed to a home in our midst, and in compliance with our laws to co-operate with our Government. While it is the policy of the Republican party to encourage the oppressed of other nations and offer them facilities for becoming useful and intelligent citizens in the legal definition of the term, the party has never contemplated the admission of a class of servile neopie who are not only unable to comprehend our institutions, but are indisposed to become part es our national family pr embrace any higher civilization than their own. To admit such immigrants would be only to throw a retarding element into the very path of progress. Our legislation should ,be amply protective against this danger, and if not sufficiently so now, should be made so to the full extent allowed by ortr treaties with friendly powers. THE CIVIL SERVICE. The subject of the civil service of the administrationis a problem that hasoccupied the earnest thought of statesmen for a number of years past, and the record will show that toward its solution many results of a valuable and comprehensive character have been attained by the Republican party since its accession to power. In the partisan warfare made upon the latter with a view of weakening it in the public confidence, a great deal has been alleged in connection witu the abuse of the civU service, the party making the indiscriminate charges seeming to have entirely forgotten that it was under the full sway of the Democratic organlza'tion that the motto, “To the victor belongs the spoils," became a cardinal article in the Democratic creed. With a determination to elevate our governmental administration to the standard of justice, excellence, and public morality, the Republican party has sedulously endeavored to lay the foundation of a system which shall reach the highest perfection under the plastic hand of time and accumulating experience. The problem —is — one of far greater intricacy than appears upon the superficial consideration, and embraces sub-questions of how to avoid abuses possible to the lodgment of an immense number of appointments in the hands of the Executive; of how to give encouragement to and provoke emulation in the various Government employes in order that they may strive for proficiency, and rest their hopes of advancement upon the attributes of official merit, good conduct, and exemplary .honesty; and how best to avoid the evils of creating a privileged class in the Government service who, in imitation of European prototypes, may gradually lose all proficiency and value in the belief that they possess a life calling, only to be taken away in a case of some flagrant abuse. .'- The thinking, earnest men of the Republican party have made no mere wordy demonstration upon this; but they have endeavored quietly to perform that which their opponents are constantly momising without performing. Under Republican rule the result has been that, without engrafting any objectionable features of the European system upon our own, there has been a steady and even rapid elevation of the civil service in all its departments, Until it can now be stated, without fear of successful contradiction, that the 'service is more just, more efficient, and purer in all its features than ever before in the establishment of our government; and if defects still exist in our system, the country can safely rely upon the Republican party as the most efficient instrument for their removal. lam in favor of the highest standard of excellence in the administration of the civil service?and will lend my Lest efforts to accomplish the point of greatest attainable perfection in this branch of our service. - REMAINING TWIN RELIC OF BARBARISM. The Republican party came into existence in a crusade against the Democratic institutions; slavery and polygamy. The -first has been buried beneath the embers of the civil war. The party should continue its efforts until the remaining iniquity shall disappear from our civilization under the force of faithfully executed laws. There are subjects of importance which I would gladly touch upon did space permit. I limit myself to saying that while there should be the most rigid economy in governmental administration there should be no "'self-defeating parsimony, either in dur domestic or foreign service. Official dishonesty should be promptly and relentlessly punished. Our obligations to the defenders of our country should never be forgotten, and the, liberal system of pensions provided by the Republican party should not be imperiled by adverse legislation. The law establishing the labor bureau, through which the interests of labor can he placed in an organized condition, I regard as a salutary measure. The eight-hour law should be enforced as rigidly as any other. We should Increase our navy to a degree enabling us to amply protect our coast lines, our commerce, and to give us a force liffforpizn waters which shall be a respectabje and proper representative a country like our own. The public lands belong to the people, and should not be alienated from them, but reserved for free homes for all desiring to possess them, and finally our present Indian policy should be continued and improved upon as our experience in its administration shall froip time to time suggest. lhave the honor to subscribe myself, sir, your obedient servant, John A. Logan. To the Hon. John B. Henderson, Chairman of Committee.

First Bale of New Cotton.

A special from Houston, Tex., says: Tho first bale of the new cotton crop was received to-day. The cotton was grown by Dr. R. L. Harris at Pettsville, Fort Bend County. The bale weighed 370 pounds and classed low middling. A second new bale was shipped to-day from Cicero, De Witt County, consigned to a cotton factor in this city. It was grown by C. H. Amecke & Son, Ameckeville, De Witt County. Thus for six successive years the first bale of new cotton in the United States has been produced in Texas and shipped to Houston. Reports from all sections of the cotton belt state that the cotton crop, though fully two weeks late, is in splendid condition. Arrest of Notorious Horsethieves. . [Dallas (Tex.) dispatch.] To-day a Trinity River-bottom officer succeeded in capturing Robert, alias “Sonny” Mosely, William Mosely, and James Gilliland, alias Briggs, notorious horsethieves. They have been operatiug in Northern and Western Texas and Indian Territory for the last two years, and have been constantly pursued by officers. At the time of their arrest they had a contract to deliver 100 horses to a party in Louisiana. This led to their arrest. Robert Mosely, chief of the gang, is 24 years odd, has been engaged in horse-stealing for twelve years, and is one of the most daring iu Northwest Texas.

HERE AND THERE.

An electric tricycle is being imported from England. Snakes are being killed in the streets of San Antonio, Tex. Mushbooms have pushed up the asphalt pavement in Beading, England. The perceptible earthquakes of the civilized world are estimated to average 110 per annum. "i. ■ There are 22,200 pensioners on the rolls who draw their annuities from the Syracuse (N. Y.) agency. The Tennessee mountains are becoming fashionable as a summer resort among people in the South. A Meridian, Miss., man while recently digging a well found a petrified snake covered with iron pyrites. A New York jeweler has invented a process for utilizing the city's garbage in the manufacture of gas. Thousands of cattle are perishing in the State of Queietafo for want of water. They never had a worse drought. During the first six months of the current year, the sum of $69,221,060 has been invested in new industries in the South. Twenty-one thousand widows of soldiers of the war of 1812 are stated to be still drawing pensions from the Government. t Holyoke, Maas., js expected soon to become not only the greatest paper manufacturing but the greatest paper exporting city in the world. *

WAR ON WHISKY.

National Convention of the 'Prohibition Party. A Presidential Ticket Nominated and a Platform Adapted. The National Prohibition Convention met at Pittsburgh, on Wednesday, the 23d of July, and wasoalled to order by Gideon L. Stewart. More than 400 delegates were in attendance. The call of the' conyention was read by the Secretary. W. R. W. Nelson, of Chicago. C. L. Ross, of Pittsburgh delivered an address of welcome, to which Mr. Stewart respomled. He called attention to the fact that the hall in which they met was one of historic interest. Nearly tiiirtv-two years ago the anti-slaverj' patriots assembled in it to organize a national champaign against the crime which at that time almost ruined the republic. Mr. Stewart merged his response to the welcome into his opening address. He held that there was a relation between the enemies of slavery and of liquor, and that, they had mutually sustained each other. The destruction of liquor, he said,'' was beginning as had that of slavery. He denounced local option as a dangerous compromise witli the liquor crime. In effecting the temporary organization, William Daniel, ot Maryland, was elected Chairman, and Mrs. Woodbridge, of Ohio, and Charles .8. (Carter, of Washington, as Secretaries; Mr. Daniel spoke of the progress the cause of temperance had made in Maryland. He thought that if the Christian voters of the country were united, they could put St. John or some other good-man White House; After the appointment of a Committee on Credentials, the convention adjourned until the afternoon. The afternoon session opened with a felicitous demonstration, the entire convention participating in the singing of "John Brown.” and, after prayer, of “Crown Him Lord of All.” The Secretary reported the following State representatives : Alabama, 2; California, 23; Connecticut, 2; Illinois, 45; Maine, 3; Kansas, 17; Kentucky, 6; Michigan, 56; Nem aska,“3"; Dakota,TT Ohio, 34; New Jersey, 18; Maryland, 16; New York, 75; Missouri, lo; Tennessee, 12; Texas, 10; Pennsylvania, 58; Wisconsin, 55; total, 446. Telegrams were received from all parts of the country encouraging the work of the convention. ______ ’ W.C. A. Blanchard, of Illinois, addressed the convention, but in the course of his remarks gave offense to some of the Wisconsin delegates, who succeeded in forcing him to give up the floor before ne had concluded. ~ r; At the evening session the permanent organization was announced, with Prof. Samuel Dickey, of Michigan, as President, a great many VicePresidents,andMrs.\Voodbrirtge,ot"Ohto, as Secretary. The selections of the committee were concurred in. On taking the chair Prof. Dickey said that the delegates were forced by their powerful convictions to attend this -meeting. They were not in harmony with those who believed in the taxing or licensing of liquor. They could not let'it alone. They believed that it ought to be suppressed. There was no hope to be placed in political parties. This Prohibition party stood committed to earnest, independent political action. Its object was to found and to build up from its foundation an intelligent body of voters whose political thought would be a complete suppression of the liquor traffic. To that work they were pledged, and by that work they expected to stand. With the power of the General Government in their hands it would be wielded wisely and well, and the nation would be redeemed from the curse ■of the nnn power. A proposition was made to adopt a two-thlrds rule for the nomination of candidates. It was discussed and rejected, and it was decided that it would require only a majority of the vqtes cast to nominate. The roll of States was called for the nominal tion of one member from each, of a committee on finance, and two members of the National Executive Committee. Various propositions were submitted and referred to the Committee on Resolutions. Among them was one to make the basis of representation at the. next National Prohibition Convention two for each Congressional District and four for each State; and another to change the = party's name. The convention at 10 o'clock adjourned till 9 a. m. Thursday. ~ ' Second Day, The convention was called to order at 9:10 a. m. by Chairman Daniel, and the exercises of the day were opened with i>rayer by Rev. Dr. Leer, of New York. Mr. Mosher, of Maryland, said, satirically, that the thanks of the < onvention were due to the General Government for the interest shown by it in this convention as evidenced by its sending two high officers (the Commissioner of Pensions and the Commissioner ot Indian Affairs) to Pittsburgh to advise the delegates. These gentlemen, it appeared by the morning papers, had gone back to Washington and re: ported that the convention could not be bribed at any price—that they could not even ,be hired to go home. At 10:30 a call of the States was ordered for the presentation ot candidates for the Presidency. When California was reached Mr. Babcock ascended the rostrum and placed in nomination Dr. McDonald, of California. The speaker described Mr. McDonald as a man who had borne the banner of temperance in the wine-cursed State of California, and who in return had been maligned because he manufactured a brand of patent medicine. Mr, Babcock was positive that there was no foundation for any of the charges that had been mad&against Dr. McDonald, and he assured the convention that there was not a particle of alcoholic stimulant in the bitters. fie described his candidate as a man of great generosity, and of conservative views. In response to the call for Illinois, Mr. George C. Christian advanced to the rostrum and presented the name of ex-Gov. J. P. St. John, whom he described as a man whose record specially commenced him to the consideration of the convention. He was a man who had seen war, who had lived on the bloody plains of the far West. He was the father ot actual, practical, constitutional prohibition. He was a man whose whole soul and energies were entirely devoted to the cause. He might not be able to contribute very largely in a material way, but he oould give to the cause the influence of moral force and moral heroism which no other man now named or to be named could ever hope to give it. Not only that, but he was a brother-in-law of the President of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union. Miss Frances E. Willard seconded the nomination ot St. John, whom she had known since childhood. St. Jonn's nomination was also seconded by Mr. Minor, of Massachusetts; Mr. Hanney, of Michigan; Mr. Satterlee, of Minnesota; Mrs. Hoffman, of Missouri; Mr. Hopkins, of New York; Mr. Finch, of Nebraska, and many others. Mr. Babcock withdrew McDonald's name, and seconded the nomination of St. John. Mr. Eustis, of Maine, presented the name of Gideon T. Stewart, of Ohio, but Mr. Stewart declined. He said that he was in favor of St. John. The Hon. James Black, of Pennsylvania, also refused to be a candidate, and urged his friends to vote St. John. Mr. Chapin, of Wisconsin, seconded the nomination of St. John, and declared' that the light in the coming election would be between St. John and Cleveland. --n After some talk, without acting on the nomination, the convention at 1:30 took a recess till 4:30. When the convention reassembled, a large number of dispatches were read urging the nomination of Gov. St. John, of Kansas, for President. One from New Hampshire read: “ Two hundred thousand Methodists are waiting to vote for St. John.” Another from the State Prohibition Convention at Indianapolis conveyed greetings. The Chairman said, after the reading of these dispatches,, that the pending business was to make the nomination of Mr. St. John unanimous. Prof. Hopkins, of New York, submitted an amendment that the rdll of States be called. Many of the delegates urged that the nomination be deferred until after the adoption of the platform. The convention refused, however, and the call of the roll was ordered. All the delegations voted unanimously for St. John, and wheu the Secretary made the announcement giving the total vote cast as 602, the audience rose to its feet and cheered. These demonstrations were kept Up for several momenta and finally broke out into a song of “Glory Hallelujah,” closing by the long meter doxologyi The committee on resolutions reported the platform, which is as follows: 1. The Prohibition Home Protection party, in national convention assembled, acknowledge Almighty God as the rightful sovereign of all men, and from whom the just powers of government are derived; to whose laws human enactments should conform, and that peace, prosperity, and happiness only' can come to the people when the laws of the National and State Governments are tn accord with the divine will. " 2. That the importation, manufacture, supply, and sale of alcoholic beverage, created and maintained by tlte laws of the National and State Governments. during the entire history of such laws, is everywhere shown to be the promoting cause of intemperance, with resulting crime and pauperism, making large demands upon public and private charity, imposing large and unjust taxation and public burdens for penal and sheltering instituting upon thrift, industry, manufactures, and commerce; endangering the pub-

lic peace; causing desecration of the Sabbath, corrupting our pol tics, legislation, and administration of the laws; shortening lives, impairing health, and diminishing the productive in- j dustry; causing education to be neglected and despised; nullifying the teachings of the Bible, the church, and the school— i the standapis and guides of our father* and their children in the founding and growth, , und’er God, of our , widely extended country, and which, imp: riling the perpetuity of our civil and Religious liberty, are baleful fruits, by which we know that these laws are alike contrary to God's laws and contravene our happiness; and we call upon our fellow-citizens to aid tn the repeal of these laws and the legal suppression of this baleful liquor traffic. 3. The. fact that during the twenty-four years in which the Republican party has controlled the ] General Government, and that of many of these States, no effort has been made to change the policy. Territories have been created from the national domain, and governments for them established, and States from them admitted to \ the Union, lu neither of which has this traffic been forbidden, or the people of these Territories or States been permitted to prohibit. That there are now over 200 000 dirtilleiles. breweries, and retail dealers in these drinks, holding certificates and claiming the authority of the Government for th ’ continuation of a business destructive to the moral and material welfare of the people, together with the fact that they have turned a deaf ear to remonstrance and petition for the correction of the abuse of civil government. Is conclusive that the Republican party is insensible to, or impotent for, the redress of those wrong-, and should no longer be intrusted with the powers or responsibilities of government. That although that, party, in its late national convention, was silent on the liquor question, not so its candidates —Messrs. Blaine and Logan. Within the wear past Mr. Blaine lias publicly recomnfbnded •iat the reventie derived from the liquor traffic 'shall be distributed among the States, and Senator Logan has by bill proposed to devote these revenues to.the support of schools. Thus both virtually recommend the perpetuation of the traffic, and that the States find its citizens shall become p rtners in the liquor crime. The fact that the Democratic party has in its national deliverances of party policy arrayed itself on the side of the drink-makers and sellers by declaring against the policy of prohibition of such traffic under the false name ot “sumptuary laws," and when in power in some of the States refusing to remedy legislation, and in Congress refusing to permit the creation ot a board of inquiry to investigate and report upon the effects of this traffic, proves that the Democratic party should not be intrusted with power or place. That there can be no greater peril to the nation than the existing competition of the Republican and Democratic parties for the liquor vote. Expertesee shews—that- any -party net epenly opposed to the traffic will engage in this competition, will court the favor of the Criminal classes, will barter away the public morals, the purity of the ballot and every trust and object of good government, tor party success, and patriots and good citizens should find in this practice sufficient cause”«for immediate with4 That while we favor reforms in the administration of the Government in the abolition of all sinecures and useless offices, we favor the election by the people of the Dostoffice officers of Government, instead ot appointment by tho President; that competition and sobriety are essential qualifications for holding a civil office, and wc dppose the removal ot_ such persons except so far as it may be absolutely necessary to secure effectiveness as the vital issue on which the Government is intrusted to a party; that the collection of revenues from alcohol, liquors, and tobacco should be abolished as the vices of men. and not a proper subject.for taxation. 5. That revenue for customs duties should be levied for the support of the Government, economically administered, and when so levied, the fostering of American labor, manufactures, and industries should constantly be held in view., 6. That the public lands should be held for porations, or to be held in large bodies tor speculation upon the needs of actual settlers. 7. That all money, coin, and paper shall be made. Issued, and regulated by the General Government, and shall be legal tender for all debts, public and private. 8. That grateful care and support should be given to onr solciiers and sailors, their dependent widows or orphans, "disabled in the service of the country. 9. That we repudiate as uh-American, contrary to and subversive of the principles of; the Declaration of Independence, from which our Government has grown to bc a Government of 55,000,00 Dof people, and a recognized power among the nations, that any person or people shall or may be excluded from residence or citizenship with all others who may desire the benefits which our institutions confer upon the oppressed of all nations. 10. That while these, are important reforms, and demanded for the purity of administration and- the welfare of the people, their importance sinks into insignificance when compared to the reform of the drink traffic, which annually wastes $800,000,000 of the wealth created by toil and thrift and drags down thousands of families from comfort to poverty; which fills jails, penitentiaries, insane asylums, hospitals, and institutions for dependency; which destroys the health, saps the industry, and causes loss of life and property to thousandsin* the land, lowers intellectual and physical vigor, dulls the cunning hand of the artisan, the chief cause of bankruptcy, insolvency, and loss in trade, and by its corrupting power endangers the perpetuity of free institu-. tions 11. That Congress should exercise its undoubted power and prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages in the District of Columbia, the Territories of the United States, and in all places over which the Government has exclusive jurisdiction. 12. That hereafter no State shall be admitted into the Union until its e.nnsr.ttntion shall expressly prohibit polygamy and the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages. We earnestly call the attention of the laborer and mechanic, the miner and manufacturer, and ask an Investigation of the baneful effects upon labor and Industry caused by the needless liquor business, wiiich will be found a robber, which lessens wages and profits—the destroyer of the happiness and family welfare of the laboring man; and that labor and legitimate industry demand deliverance from the taxation and loss which this traffic imposes, and that no legislation can so healthily stimulate production or increase a demand for capital and labor, or produce so much ot comfort and content, as the suppressing of this traffic would bring to the laboring man, mechanic, or employer of labor throughout our land. 13. That the activity or co-operation of the women of America for the promotion of temperance has, in all the history of the past, been strength and encouragement which we gratefully acknowledge; and the methods, the earnestness, zeal, intelligence, and devotion ot the mothers and daughters of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union have been eminently blessed by God. Kansas and lowa have been given her as "sheaves” of rejoicing, and the education and arousing of the public mind, and the constitutional amendments which now prevail, are largely the frujtof her prayers and labors; and we rejoice to have our Christian women unite with us, sharing in the labor that shall bring abolition of the traffic. She shall join in the grand "Praise God from Whom All Blessings Flow,” when, by law, our boys and firesides shall be free from legal drink temptation. 14. That, believing in the civil and political equality ot the sexes, and that the ballot in the hand of woman is right for her protection, and would prove a powerful ally for the suppression of the drink saloon, the execution of the law, the promotion of reform in civil offices and the removal of corruption in public life, we delegate the practical outworking of this reform to the discretion of the ProhibiOn party in the several States, according to the condition of public sentiment in those States. 15. That gratefully we acknowledge and praise God for the presence of His spirit, guiding counsel, and granting the success which has been vouchsafed fn the progress of temperance reform, and looking to Him for all wisdom and help, we ask the voters of the United States to make the principles of the above declaration a ruling principle in the government of the nation and of the States. The Rev. Dr. Miner, of Massachusetts, one ot the three members of the Committee on Resolutions, to whom the platform was referred for literary- revision, said that the committee would not be able to report to the convention for He moved that the name of the party be fixed as the Prohibition party. Miss Willard spoke in favor ot retaining the name of the Prohibition Home-Protection Party. The vote resulted in 223 to 156 in favor of Mr. Miner’s motion, and the. name of the party was ordered to be "The Prohibition Party." The convention then, at 6:30 o'clock, took a recess till 8 o'clock, when, after some discussion regarding the raising ot a campaign fund, the roll of States was called for nominations for the Vice Presidency. Mrs. Caroline Buell, of Connecticut, presented the name of George P. Rogers, of Connecticut, speaking Of him as a Christian gentleman and a ChrtsUanprohibitionist—the father of that party in Connecticut. Mrs. Minnie Mosher Jackson, of Savannah, Ga, presented the name of William Daniel, remarking that as they had John P. St. John to lead them on they should have “a Daniel come to judgment." Mr. Babcock, of California, seconded Daniel's nomination, being assured that he would carry Maryland for prohibition. “ After a rambling discussion Of various topics and a profu-e seconding of the nomination of Daniel, the States were called and he was unanimously chosen the candidate for the Vice Presidency. Mt Daniel briefly returned thanks, and, after some further unimportant bnsiuess, the convention at midnight adjourned sine die. <

PLAGUE’S PICTURE

Drawn by a Visitor to the Cholera-In-fected Districts of Marseilles. The Air Laden with Gases from Streams Reeking in the Foulest Filth. A special cable dispatch from Marseilles to the New York Times gives a graphic narrative of scenes and incidents of the cholera district by an eye-witness. It says: Passing along the narrow and squalid Hue Caisserie, over one-half the shops were i seen to be closed at every crossing. From a tenement region on. the hill above a stream of fetid water flowed across the street and plunged down a precipitous descent on the other side through dark lanes crowded with towering rookeries swarming below with idle men and children I playing in the filthy gutters, the women meanwhile swashing the water about with their brooms, under the evident impression that they were cleaning something. Each glimpse of any one of these streets is enough to turn the stomach of any healthy man. The smell through all this quarter, in which during a space of twenty minutes we met three laden hearses, was bad enough, but the smell was indescribably worse when we had driven across town to two of the most afflicted quarters of all Marseilles—Capelette and the adjoining quarter. In order to reach them we crossed the old ship oanal, which was filled to <he brim with reeking water and had its surface thickly covered with garbage and refuse of a decidedly miscellaneous and revolting kind. Finally we got on a street known as Toulon road, a wide thoroughfare without a shade-tree. Its gutters ran rivulets of drab-colored water which had overflown from the canal where it was dammed now and then by heaps of rotting vegetables or worse substances, including dead cats and dogs. Four out of every five houses were found closed. Those which remained open were mainly estaminets, where, under dirty awnings andon dirty sidewalks, men and women sat drinking, or were already reduced to stupor by previous drinking, and junk-shops -whieh filthy people were sorting rotten rags in an unspeakably vile atmosphere. Festering filth was around them, and a tropical sun beat fiercely down upon the scene, blinding the eyes as its rays were Reflected from the White road, across which in the Quartier Capelette courses a stream the size of a main sewer in New York, winding its way uncovered among the houses on its journey to the sea. The stream was laden with the sewage of the vilest of the Marseilles quarters—Capelette and the adjoining —which have furnished much over one-half of the deaths that at Marseilles, and it is an interesting fact that the largest proportion of them were Italians. The wharfs all along the water front we*: found to be crowded with quarantine shipping, most Italian and French, and picturesque sights were the Mediterranean sailors, among whom were many negroes, lying about in the shade. At the beginning nineteen-twentieths of the patients received at the I’haro failed to recover. For the last fortnight matters have so far improved that only two-thirds of those received have died. This excessive moitality at first was largely due to the fact that most cases when received developed into a hopeless condition. The highest number that have been in the hospital at any one time is 110, and the largest number received in any one day is thirty-seven. There are two chief doctors. The treatment, both here and at Toulon, in the first stages, is twenty drops of laudanum with three grains of ether, with ice in the mouth to stop the vomiting. In the second stages the patients become very cold. From ten to fifteen grammes of acetate of ammonia, the same quantity of alcohol, and two injections of morphia are given daily. If the patient can not breathe, artificial respiration of oxygen is produced and the limbs are rubbed with turpentine. The third stage is the coffin. Delay in placing the bodies in the coffins is made necessary by the fact that violent post-mortem action of the limbs takes place, caused by a terrible reaction after death, in which the temperature rises from extreme cold at dissolution to 120 after it. Of many pathetic sights the most painful that I saw occurred in the female ward, where onejroom was mostly occupied by children. A nun held in her arms by an open window a dying babe 18 months old. Its three sisters (the oldest being only 10 years) lay on beds near by their parents, both of whom died the same day, and there was small hope for any of the remaining children save the oldest. A dozen children in all were to be seen here, some of them in a state of recovery. Late at night I drove with my courier outside the city to the Cemetery St Pierre to see the burial of the three patients whom I had observed in the Pharo hospital in the afternoon. After a brief burial service, intoned by a pale young priest who looked badly scared, three boxes wei< hurriedly lowered into atrencheight feet deeply twenty feet long, and a goodly quantity of lime was shoveled on top. It was a ghastly trench and there was plenty of room for more coffins. It was a weird and saddening sight. There stood the tall white houses. The dead still wore their tawdry trinkets, and the whole was lighted up as in a picture by Rembrandt by the fitful glare of three lanterns. Those gaping trenches were big enough to hold their thousands. A concierge showed me a burial permit. Across the face of the document was written: ‘ ‘Cholera—urgent,” and were was a requisition for some disinfectant. The same correspondent visited Toulon, ! and thus depicts what he witnessed: If in I a sanitary sense the condition of Marseilles was frightful, that of Toulon struck me as i simply murderous. Although Toulon has ; a background of mountains, the city itself is situated on a flat plain, four feet only above the level of a tideless sea. The consequences arising from imperfect drainage, with a natural want of slope, are that the sewers have only a fall of eighteen inches; so, with a sluggish movement, the filth of the town drops into an almost stagnant sea. What is worse is that at the points where these drains flow they are only covered with plank, and the filth, disgusting to the nose, impresses itself on the eyes. You not only then smell but you see the public garbage of Toulon. Just fancy people living in this city of quite 80,000 inhabitants without the faintest glimmer of common sense in regard to common hygiene! Toulen must be inhabited by people who utterly ignore every precaution which health requires. Their habits both in their houses and in the public streets are indescribably filthy. ' The plain English of it is about this: That it is impossible for people who lire on fruit, who drink all kinds of poor fluids, who sleep in dirt and nastiness, who breathe an air polluted by the sewage of the town itself, and rendered doubly poisonous by excreta left by the training-ships, to escape cholera. ‘ - • J.-,.-- _ During the last six months there have been sixty-two suicides in San Francisco.