Rensselaer Republican, Volume 16, Number 1, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 13 September 1883 — Page 2

The Republican. RENSSELAER, INDIANA, a. z. - - PUBUBant

THE NEWS CONDENSED.

XHE EAST. John Swixrox.of New York,appeared il | witness before the Senate Sub-Commit-tee on Labor and Education, sitting in that city. He recommended the revival of the income fa»v as originally in force; the establishment of a National Board of Industry empowered to collect labor statistics of every description, and including power to enforce the Might-Hour law; tne establishment of effectual Boards of Health, Education and Public Works; Industrial schools and colleges on the Erench system; the Belgium system of freedom from patents; postal banks under the British system; land laws which will prevent the holding by private individuals of great tracts of land; public ownership of coal, iron, gold and other mi««« and all oil wells. Every one of these measures has-been-pnl—in.. praotiee~in-.one-countrv or another, and they were all capable of enforcement by legislation, and have in every instance proved successful. Witness maintained that industrial schools, ■bch as exist in nearly all European countries, should be instituted here and be under the control of the Government; Working railroads and telegraphlines by the Government in Berlin showed conclusively it should l>e adopted in this country, lie thought the Legislature had the power to do tnis. He was also of the opinion that the Government' should institute postal banks, where the poorer classes could make deposita Ex-Presi-dent John Jarrett, of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers was also before the committee He favored the establishment of a Bureau of Labor Statistics, the enforcement of the Eight-Hour law, and prevention of strikes by arbitration. There should be a national law, he thought Incorporating trades uniona He believed {n*the organization of capitalists as well as workingmen The witness said there was a tendency to lower wages by the employment of Bohemians to do unskilled labor, and this tendency is encouraged by the constant introduction of labor-saviffg machines. Steel manufacturers have imported workmen for the purpose of lowering wtgea

A Boston dispatch says that “the ■evere drought from which New England is now suffering has not only ruined the ripening crops and spoiled the fall feed, on Which every farmer depends, but it has dried up the brooks and wells and scorched the forests until every meadow and grove is a tinder-box, ready to spring into a blaze on the first contact of lire. Forest .fires have been burning for several weeks in some of the outlying towns near Boston, tt is impossible to estimate the teal and entailed loss from these causes, but it will probably reach $1,000,000. Destructive forest fires are also reported in New York and other Eastern States.... .Mra Julia P, Smith, the novelist, was killed by a runaway at New Hartford, Ct - A SCORE of villagers attended the auction in Chappaqua, N. Y., at which Horace Greeley’s farm was sold. One bid waA made for the seventy-seven acres, and it was sold to Miss Gabrielle M. Greeley for #IO,OOO. Neighbors who wanted the property would not bid against the daughter. Die place cost Horace Greeley about $lO,-. OOQ. and he expended on 'its improvement about $75,C00..;. ,N. & H. O’Donnell’s steam cooperage works m Jersey City were consumed by fire, with ■ll the machinery and eight car loads of Staves The total loss is about $03,000..., The Elkhora tannery, belonging to Michael p. Kestler, at Stroudsburg, Pa., was destroyed by fire. The loss is estimated at $150,00.', covered by insurance. thl west, ... The Chief Magistrate of the nation was most royally entertained by the Chicagoans, and, from all indications, had ■ jolly good time in the Garden City. The presence of the distinguished visitor in the city had been so extensively advertised by'the local press that there was a feverisn excitement and constant anticipation by people who wanted to see a real live President The first evening of his stay he accepted a personal invitation from the veteran comedian and manager, J. H. McVicker, to attend his theater. When the party, consisting of President Arthur, Secretary Lincoln, Gen. Sheridan and others, entered the theater, the audience rose and applauded. The play was the ‘ Hunchback,” and ML-s Mather the star. At the end of the third act, ‘.vhen Miss Mather was called before the curtain with Mr. Leyick, she bad a bank of flowers in the center of which in violets were the words, “To the President, from Margaret Mather.” She handed this to him, and he bowed in return while thefiouseapplauded. At the end of the fourth act the President asked to be presented to Miss Mather, and she was accompanied to his box by her manager j Mr. Hill. The Pi esident thanked her personally and said he had been delighted by her acting. Miss Mather replied briefly and gracefully, thanking the President for the nonor he had bestowed upon her "by his presence. The party sat tbe play out, and when it was over the audience halted on the stairway and sidewalk while tbe President passed out, and cheered him as he was driven away. The next day the-,.President!: vidted the Boa’d of Trade, and devoted an hour or so watching the wild bulls and hears A dense crowd rfssemhlefl to set) the distinguished visitors. Ihe President was next driven to the rooms of the League Club, where a flue lunch was served. In the evening two hours were devoted to a pub ic reception at the Grand Pacific Hotel, and thousands of citizens availed themselves of this opportunity to Bee the nation’s ruler. The President left at midnight, expressing himself highly pleased at his sojourn in the Western metropolis. The young tragedienne, Miss Mar garet Mather, is in the third week of her en gagement at McVicker s Theater, Chicago, which has proven a highly-succe slul . ne. artis.ically and nnane.uilvi This week she appears in-‘-Romeo and'Juliet,” “Lady of Lyons,” and ‘-Leah, the Forsaken.* A Chicago dispatch of the 10th inst. ■ays: ‘Advices from representative points in the corn belt make it, positive that frost has wrought great destruction. Michigan seems to have fared badly, nearly everything in the vegetable line hav.ng bom kill® lat Battle Creek and Saugatuck, Tobacco in Dane and ltock counties, Win, was rained with the com. and cranberries at Bturgeon Bav got nipped. L ght frosts are reported at Des Moines, Atlantic and Burlington, lowa, and ice at Dubuque- Vegetables were injured at Klkhiin. and Huntington, Ind. Ice formed at Macomb, IIL, and frost was quite general throughout the central pnrt of the State, but the dry atmosphere saved corn at s- me points Leper jj from Northern Wisconsin, ... M innesrota Dakota andohio are fcaLbe-eTeat that the 6tund ng corn has been irreparably damaged. In some sections on the lowlands corn is a m st entirely destroyed. On the higher ground the frost was net so serious, and ie-s injury w as inflicted.” A Des Moines dlsi atcli says: “Beporis fiom different par sos the State to-night "indicate - that the damage to the corn cron of lowlands and ha* been slight" A dispatch from S ous Falls, Dakota, reports: “Another heavy frost last night has left no rco.n to doubt the ruiu of the com crop of this •action” The completion of the Northern Pacific railroad was formally effected forty miles west of Helena, Montana, on the Bth of September, ‘Jay. Cooke, the man tha: began, and Henry Vtllard. the man that fin-shed the work, were accorded the honor Of driving the golden spika WHO* a construction train on -the

South Park railroad Thus coming down Kenosha mountain, in Colorado, the engine jumped the track and qight cars back of it were telescoped down the embankment Conductor Livingstone, Engineer Foster and Brakeman Lake were injured, probably fatally. / THE SOUTH. During the inaugural ceremonies, at Frankfort, Ky., - the outgoing Governor, Blackburn,endeavored to excuse himself for tlje large number of pardons granted, and the incoming Governor, Knott, declared that in no case would he remit criminal penalties unless satisfied that the sentence was unjust to the convict... .Two negroes of Edwards, Mis& confessed having robbed the grave of Mrs. of them who attempted to escape was riddled with bullets. The other was taken from the Sheriff and hanged. They confessed that they stole the .body- for the purpose of securing the bones or the arm, which they used in carrying out their profession as conjurers... .Sumuel Bulger (colored), for outraging a white chHd some time ago, was-hanged in the jail at Maysville, Ky. A raving maniac, armed with a club, entered a school-room at Williamson, Va, and attempted to kill all the girls in the room. His hallucination had taken the term of belief that, m order to escape eternal torment, he must sacrifice 200 female children. He hurt a number of the pupils, and was himself knocked senseless beipre his capture.... At Plaquemine, La, Henry Dickenson, colored, was hanged for murder, and at Greensboro, Ala, Frank .Sheldon, also colored, paid the extreme penalty for uxoricide. -~ TEASHINGTON. The United Spates of Colombia are again in trouble. Dom Pedro Solear Martinez has set up a little Government for himself at a town inthe interior, and President Otalora has marched with 1,000 men to overthrow the insurgents ~C. Thk forthcoming annual report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office will show that 50,000 agricultural patents were Issued during the fiscal year ended June 80, 1883. This is the largest number of patents ever issued in anv one year. Cot. David P. Holloway died at Washington last week in his 74th year. He edited the Richmond, find.) Palladium for many years, commencing in 1832, was a member of the Indiana Legislature for ten years from 1843 to 1853, and was one of the Indiana Representatives in Congress in the 1855-’SB term. He was appointed Commissioner of Patents by President Lincoln in 1851.

,— Some statements alleged to have been made to President Arthur by Hon. Edwards Pierrepoint. of the Utah Commission. so astonished A. B. Carlton, another member, that he has addressed Secretary Foiger on the subject He claims that the hoard was completely successful’ in excluding polygamists from voting or holding office, and* that ten Mormons have sued tbe Commissioners for using authority in excess of that granted by the Edmunds act In the New York Greenback State Convention at Rochester George O. Jones, of Albany was nominated for Secretary of State, and declined. The Rev. Thomas K. Beecher was then nominated by acclamation. Louis A Post, of New YVrk, was nominated Attorney General by acclamation. CL L. Halsey, of Unadilla, was unanimously nominated for Comptroller. Julian Winne, of Albany county, was nominated for Treasurer. Edward' A. Stillman, of Ontario county; was nominated-for Engineer. The dissatisfied Democrats of Hamilton county, Ohio, held a convention at Cincinnati at which eighty delegates were present They nominated a ticket in oppo-sition-4® the one, which the resotioiis said was controlled by fraud and vio lencu. The platform indorses the Democratic State platform and ticket, demands municipal reform and a reduction of taxes, opposes “boss” rule, and farors honesc primaries and fair conventions... .EiaisSar.es of the National Woman s Suffrage Association are now at work hoping to eliminate from the new constitution of Dakota the hated word ’’male. ” GENERAL. Capt. Eads seems to have impressed Pittsburgh capitalists with the practicability of his ship railway across the Isthmus of Panama. One of the heaviest coal operators says the work will be ready for the commerce of the world' within four yeais, without assistance from, the Government The Mercantile Agency of It. G, Dunn A- Co., of New York, in their last weekly review of the state of trade say that during the week nothing occurred of a “character adverse to the steady improvement of trade It is true the exchanges chow a considerable decline in transactions, but this may be the result of hesitat i n and embarrassment growing out of the recent heavy dej tension in securities and j roduce. But notwithstanding this fact the tiguies show the volume of business is large on the whole, and larger than ivir Les >ie at a'>out half the leading centersoutside of New York citv. All indications point tothe I act that general business is getting into Letter sh /pe steadily and the ussjjrance of good crops and a fair market abroad for our products is stimula lug ino-t lines of trade.. ; xu : ;Uis c ty dry goods interests seem in tliema nheal liy, and the demand is beginning to be quite a..I i vo, nbsori ing !; rgP quantities of goods. In the grocery trade the- sitII ition seems to lie equiby favorable The demand for iron continues slow, and quotations were about steady ... .The bus:nes.s failures in tbe 'United Sca'es for the week numbered 142, being sixteen more than during the preceding wee i. and an increase of twen y-one over the correspouding period of 1.-52.... The tncht Explorer founde;ed ou Greenough Shoals, Lake Huron, and all on board peiished... .11 ail an offers to row Laycock on the Thames for $..,000 a side. FOREIGN. Farther accounts of the horrors in Java and Sumatra arrive with every hour. A whole district is entireiv inaccessible, and (he population Is sut posed to have perished Nothing can be heard from Laiupoug, the district of 8i in. ra nearest to Java Tue tidal wa\e wbi h swe; t over the Tjeringin province in Java crowned all the inhabitants, a out It.OOO ;eo 1e... .Specials to Lend n journals s y B\U> • C h.nese troops have entered Tonouin territory and others ere moving to the frontier, ihe trench Cabinet decided to sect reinforcements to Ton ui:i. Advices reepi ei at Berlin are to the effect that C inn means war... .Matwood, the Em Ish hangman, 1* dead... The Swiss Governm nt refu es to extradite an American student, named Lcun*g, who killed a schoolmate in a vine! in Germany, as dueling is not named in the treaty. At LePuy, France, a largo concourse a statue to Lafayette Messrs. Morton and Sargent, Ministers to Fiance and Gc many, were among the distinguished persons prevent, , • .The fiulus are figuting among themselves. . y An article by Henri Eocbefort, in Bj« journal K VS. Humbert of Italy with having poeketed funds, sent fer the relief of the Ischia sufferers has caused much inu:gnat;oa in Huiniarts ‘domain. An Indian o c .-r challerged Ro- hefor the insult but the la ter i efased to fight, j .... Under instructions item hue G vernj msnt, the Mai- ulsl'-eng d in ndedtha the ‘ trench withdraw from Ihe nue t:eaty. Piimc Minister terry refused to re lv, i ut gave assurance- th't Innsewil giuyrantej tue integi tty ot the Chinese fron mr... .The d tie plague in Russia at present is very virulent With n four years ~tAJO,tU) head have fallen victims to the disease.. ; .Fam-

ine is adding to the havoc wrought by the volcanic eruptions in Java.. . .Wet weather is hinderfug harvest work in England, and a large quantiiy of grain is still uncut - - RiGHAftD Power, a Parnellite member of Parliament, addressing a meeting at Waterford, described England as a nation insulted by France, hated by Europe and embarrassed by Ireland. Michael Davit-t, who addressed the same meeting, said that the object of tbe National League was to achieve national independence for Ireland, by which he doubtless meant legislative independence. .. . A dispaich from Rome says the Vatican has about come to ,an understanding with Prussia in regard to the church ouestion.

ADDITIONAL NEWS.

The Treasury Commission appointed to investigate the conduct of Architect HiJl have submitted their report to Secretary Foiger. They find the office which lie held guilty of official favoritism, which in its consequences entailed great loss upon the Government. The him of Bartlett, fyjbbins A Co., of Baftftnore, were jiaid $IH;f;0i) ftjr simply drafting the plans tor the heating apparatiis of .four buildings. In one case an they Were too popd rather than exactly of the qua itv advertised for. Mismanagement, robbery, inefficiency and many other kinds 'of rascality' are stated to have been preva ent all around Archi ect Hill, but he person :Aly is not found to have been corrupt.... Tne Agri.-ult.ural Department at Washington has issued its September report on the cotton crop, the average of which is now reduced to 74, while at the same time in 18,8 was 92: per cent. Drought has had this bad effect in almost every State, and rust, caterpillars, and the boil worm are prevalent in many districts. At a colored celebration in Beaufort county, K. C., boiled shrimps were freely dispensed Three negroes have died from their effects, aud seven are not expected to live... .A boy of 1« and a boy of 17 fought a duel at Richmond, Va. The difficulty was caused by a miss of 15l The difficulty was smoothed over alter a muss on both sides. The deadly toy pistol did not figure in the qffair. , _ ’

The Boston Herald says James G. Blaine recently informed a party of Maine politicians that if Gen. Butler, of Massachusetts, was elected Governor again he would be the next Democratic nominee for the Presidency, and win the contest. Mr. Blaine said that, as for himself, be was out of politics, and was not a candidate for the Chief Magistracy of the nation... .The Greenback and Democratic Central Committees met at Gskaloosa, lowa, and decided to support J. C. Cook for the seat in Congress made vacant by the death of Mr. Cutts.

A young man called for a glass of soda-water in New Orleans. The clerk responded. The customer said the glass was dirty. The clerk denied It The customer called the clerk a hog, in French. A duel was arranged. After a combat with rapiers lasting eighty-seven minutes one of the young men ' was “winged,” and the affair was ‘honorably”' terminated.... A mob of sixteen masked men forcibly entered the Yell County jail at Danville, Ark., seized John Coker and Dr. Flood, took them to a bridge and hung them from the centerspar cross beam. Coker was accused of leading into ambuscade the Sheriff’s party in search of the Danville outlaws several weeks ago, in which two men weie killed. Flood was accused of harboring the outlaws.

Edward D. Cowan, city editor of the I.eadville Herald, was brutally assaulted by Aid. Joy, of,that city. The parties were discussing local politica Joy took exceptions to a remark of Cowan’s, and knocked Aim down, and with drawn revolver kept the crowd at bay. Than he jumped on the face of the pros.irate man, and with his heavy boots kicked aud stamped until his vic.im was almost unrecognizable. Cowan will probably die. Joy escaped tothe mountains. Cowan was well known in the West as a brillian young writer of excellent character George Williams, a colored porter In the First, National Bank at Las Vegas, New Mexico, suddenly became demented. He took a gun and compelled the clerical force to stand in a row and go through military drill Outsiders came in and captured him.

The Newark (N. J.) Evening News publishes two letters from the abductors of little Charlie Boss, written Nov, 22 and 24, 1874 (the year in which the child was spirited away), to Mr. Christian K. Ross, and demanding 320,D00 ransom or his son would be put to death. The documents were found among the papers of the late William R. Heins, Chief of the Philadelphia detectives. The point aimed at by the Avum is that the evidence of those letters was unknown to Mr. Ross or his friends, and so prevented, in a measure, the return of the child to his farenta .... At a rehearsal in a theater in ourteenth street. New lork, a bridge gave way, precipitating a number of supernumeraries thirteen feet. Several persons were severely injured. Harry Hill, the stakeholder in the Mitchell-Slade contest, has issued an ultimatum that the men must fight Oct- '£i at a point within 100 miles from New Orleans Mrs. Philip Speed, of Louisville, a nieneiof«J®h»iKeats, the English, -poet,- died at Cobourg, Ontario. f~~

THE MARKET.

NEW YORK 8eeve5.......... $ 4.15 ® 660 H 005...,., 5.00 ® 5.75 Flour—Superfine 330 at 4.30 Wheat—No. AW bite......L00 @ I.OOM No. 2Red.i.. LffiM# 1.16 Corn—No. 2.. .61 .62 Oats—No. 2 ,34M.«i .35 Pork— V ss 13.50 .013.75 Lard o sbjv't .osM CHICAGO. Beeves—Good tq Fa.'.cy Steers.. 5.85 (<? 6.25 Common to Fair 4.00 i<t 4.40 Jlydium to Fair........ 6.25 c- 5.7.1 Hoos,.Vi?fc. 5.00 <<B 5.75 Flour—l-'anov While Wiut- r Ex. 5.75 <<B 6.00 Good to Choice Spr's fix. 5,00 ■<& 5.50 Wheat—No. 2S, rnie. ,97V' .974-4 No. 2 lieu W.n or ’. 1.05 Corn—No. 2..... 41 <«< Oats—Na 2...... ,257 a <rf .20 Rve-—No. 2.... ■ .56 c« ,0614 Barley—No. 2 '. .58 <<t .ssy Butter —Choice Creamery...... .25 fio'.s—Fresfi ~y 16 <<i .17 Pork—Mess. ll.ffo gt 11.35 Lard .08 Me' .09)4 MILWAUKEK. Wheat—No. 2. 96 Ma® -.9634 Corn—No. 2...., .L'qtn, .50 Oats—No. 2 25M,v' .26 Rye—No. 2. .’. .54 ? s « .55 Barley—No. 2 .tUM<sji .65 Pork—Mess... .-. 13.-.5 v< 13.30 Lard...... .os <•< .03)4 ST. LOUIS. . Wheat—Na 2 Red Lo2Mi><' 1.02 M Corn—Mixed .46 <<t .46M Oats—No. 2 .26 e? ,2' Rye.; 48 <«. ,48M Pork—Mess ..A.. 11.90 y< 12.00 I.ARD 7 ,0744<rj .08 - ■ CiNCLNNATL *—r— Wheat—No. 2 Red i.(M4i<<s: 1.05 Corn.... .1 •_•<<« .52 OATS .SSMlf# .28M Rye. .5; <<>■ .57 Pork—Mess...., 12.6 J <w12.75 Lard. iffM-vP <OB TOLEDO. Wheat—Na 2 Red 1.07 <<t 1.07*4 C0rn...:......... 53 .54 Oats -Na t DETROIT. 1 * Flour 4.01 <<i 6175 Wheais-No. 1 White LUSM * LO6M Oats—Mixed..... ,2J .2J5s Pork—Mess i».oe <#13,50 — =s::: IN Dl AN AJ>ODIS. WHEAT-Na a Re. 1......... LO2 1.02 H Corn—-Na 2.... .as c# .43 Oats—Mixed :. .25 t# .25)< EAST LIBERTY, PA. OAraufr-8eM......: „.... 6JX) (9 6.25 F«lr... J w 6.60 <3 5.85 Common 4.00 ® 5.2 s Hoos 6.25 (# 6.45 8HRKP.,.3.75 (fi'6.-15

THE NORTHERN PACIFIC.

Formal Opening of the Great Bailway Signalized by Impressive Ceremonies. Driving the Golden Spike at the Joining of the Two Sections of the Bead. . - ' History of the Work—The Discouragements Encountered by Its Builders. At a point 'fifty miles west of Helena, Montana, which has appropriately been christened, and will hereafter be known as •Gold Spike, the formal ceremonies of completing' the Northern Pacific railroad were celebrated on the sth of September. A pavilion had been erected for theguests, capable Ofholding I.BCO persons, andiheband of the Fifth United States infantry furnished the music. ’ President - Vi! lard made the opening address, and introduced Hon. W. M. Evarts, who was the orator of the occasion. Secretary Teller, sex-President Billings Gen. Grant, the Governors of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Dakota, Montana, Oregon and Washington made brief speeches of congraiulationa The German Minister, Von Kisendecker, presented the good wishes of his countrymen, and was followed by Dr. Kneisß, f>f Berlin University, and Dr. Holfman, the greate-t living microscopist. A photograph was taken of the entire assembly. Immediately before the final ceremonies took place, 3U) men stepped up and laid the connecting rails on the l,u<) feet left uncompleted, spitting them firmly, leaving the last spike for the railroad king himself to drive. Meanwhile the band Was playing and the crowd shouting, through all of which • noise was heard the clanking of the bars of iron and the beating of the sledgea When nearly completed a salute was' fired, and the golden spike was tapped by President of the road with a silver sledge. The final blows were given by H. C. .Davis, Assistant deneralJJassenger Agent o£_the road, who drove the first spike on the opening of the road. The last spike was uonneeted by telegraph with "New York, and 1 the blows were thus heard throughout the length of the land.

History of the ltoad, from Its Inception to Its Completion. Although the Northern Pacific railroad was the fust projected acioss the continent, it has proved the last to be completed in the United Statea In 18.15, almost fifty years ago, the newspapers of the country discussed a proposition to build a railway from New York city to the moujli of the Columbia river. While the papers presented an advanced theory,,they confidently expressed the belief that, although the task then seemed to be herculean in its nature, it would eventually be accomplished. Many of the papers that then took part in the discussion have survived, the storm and blasts that crowd upon the newspaper world, and will chronicle the completion of the great railway .which they then advocate ! Ten years after the question was first presented by the newspapers of the country, in 1845, Mr. Asa Whitney, a merchant of New Ytirk. submitted a proposition to Congress for the construction of a railroad from the head of Lake Michigan to the mouth of the Columbia river, on the Pacific coast His plan embraced a provision for a grant of land sixty miles in width—thirty mi;es on either side of the line—for the whole length of the road. After the maturity of his plan, it was embodied in a bill which was presented to Congress, where it hung for many years, and in 1847 ctfine very near passing. Mr. Whitney traversed the country from Maine to Louisiana in support of the bill, addressing public meetings at various points, for the purpose of creating public opinion in iis favor, and legislative bodies, in order to have them jrass resolutions recommending Congress to take fa\orable action in reference to his bill. In his efforts to accomplish his purpose he expended his entire fortune and was forced to retire from the scene, acknowledging, for the time being, that his project was a failure. ■ ■ For his propositions and his advocacy of them, Mr. Whitney is entitled to be recognized as the father of the enterprise, which is now an accomplished fact, aLer a peiiod of nearly forty years has elapsed, under the title of the Noitaern Pacific railroad. •

In 1853, 1851 and 1855, an expedition of officers and men under the leadership of Isaac I. Stevens, Governor of Washington Territory, who was commissioned by the United States Government, made an exploration of the country lying between the forty-seventh and forty-ninth \ arallels of latitude, to determine the practicability of a route for a railroad from the great lakes and the Upper Mississippi to the waters of Puget s sound. The scope of the exploration included, among other data, the characteristics of the intermediate reg.ons, then very indefinitely known, or wholly unknown,' as to their adaptability to agricultural .pursuits, their water supplies, their mineial, timber and other resources, and their conditions in general for the maiutenapce of a civilized and progressive population. The official report of the expedition confirmed the truly-na-tional character of such an enterprise as the Northern Pa ific, brought prominently into view its advantages iu respqct to oistanees as a route of- travel and commerce, its greater proximitv to Asia, its shorter distance between grea, wa.er lines, its greater proximity to Europe, and the fact that it was much the sh- r.est and most direct route between _ As a and Europe. It also established the fact that by the Northern route were ihe easiest graUien.s, the least and fewest engineering difficu.tie -, and that there existed an abundance of wood, water and materials of construction. With re pect to the general resources of the countries to i.e traversed by the proposed line, for thq support of a compact population, the elaborate reports of the expedil.on presented the stronge-t confirmatory ] roofs. Except at the crossing- of the mountain .ranges the entire route \\ as found to pass through a su session of line at able lands—countries extraordinarily well wa eredbyiaige rivers, manv important < on meats and numerous tributary streams —ancTco .ered \vi,h a vegtation which plainly -indicated the lichlyproduccive capacity of their soils. The dims e was shown t >'i e universally superior iu the quaities which assure l eal hful and pleasant living, geneially favorable for the product on' of crops, and ften more propitious man elsewhere found for tl.e growth of wheat, oats, rye, bar.ey and the vegeta blea In 1852, when the Union and Central Pacific i ailway Com) anies were chartered, a vey st ong~»eJOrt v\as made to obtain a charter for tue Northern Pacific line. For ihe rime be,ng it fa led, but ii was again revived in 18 4, at the time the. Union and Central Pacific C mpim.es were asking Congress tor legislation subordinating this* Government to the liist mo-tgages of *the two li US. .; ' , —Supported by-*fche-woll a curtained facts emtraced in,the report of-Gqv. Stevens and hi; corps of engineers, the enthusiastic friend* of the North ?rn ro ite again - confide;] tly sought the aid an.l encouragement of the Government, and,'By acfc of Congress, approved July V. i 0 , a large b dy of corpora ors were treated a body corporate ind j o itic, und r the style of the Northern Paer e ltat matt Company wrh power to build a railr, ud from lake Bi| erior to Puget sound on the iiue of the forty-, fth parol cL 'lhe man who ucceeded In gettng the charter was Josiah Perh ug w'ho I ad orgunF.ed a company, under ihe sanction of the Le‘- isla tore of Maine, c lied the People a lacifio I,abroad Company, a d bad attempted, in lbu , to obtai i the Union Pacific charter for his corpora i n. Fading in this, le.turned his atfc n ion to the Northern toiite. and. by promising to ask ’Or no subsidy m bonds or money from the Government, he obtained, in 18t>4, a charter co-pled with a land grant just doable in

area that given to the Union and Central Pacific Companies The Northern Pacific grant embraces the alternate sections of land for twenty miles on each side of the road in the States and for forty miles in the Territories, with an additional ten miles on each side as an indemnity limit, within which lands may be selected to compensate for those taken by settlers inside of the original grant Perham had been a merchant In Maine, and also in Boston, and was principally known for his success in organizing railroad excursion parties; in fact he was the inventor of the cheap excursion system He tried in vain for nearly two year's so obtain capital fbr the Northern Pacific Company, of which he had been elected Pr. sident." The obstacle In the way,beside the tendency in the public mind to regard the Northern belt of States and Territories as a semi-Arctic region, was chietly a clause which Perham himself had inserted in the charter,andwhich prohibited the company from mortgaging its road or land grants, or issuing bonds. Per hi m’s idea was that $100,000,0C0 of the stock of the company would at once be taken by popular subscriptions. The first set of Direotoi-s was elected Dec, 0, 1864, and on the following day organized by the election of Josiah Perham, President Air. Perham and his associates were not men of practical experience. They proposed to raise $100,(XX),0uO by the subscrij>tioa—of a million individuals, whom . they believed could fie found willing to take one share of stock each at par, and thus build the roail. The scheme, of course, failed, and in December, 1865, Air. Perham turned aver the franchise to a syndicate ofNew Erg,'and capitalists, for barely enough to pay bis debts, and did not live to see the first spadeful of earth turned in the prosecution of the enterprise for which he had obtained from Congress a grant of laud greater in extent than many of the kingdoms of Europe. He died at Boston in 1868. The next set of Directors, headed by J. Gregory Smith as President, memorialized Congress to the effect that the land grant, being mainly located remote from the then settled portions of the country, and little known to the public, had, with the many other favorable provisions of the charter, proved insudioient-to indnee capitalists to embark in the enterprise, more particularly so because other roads to the Pacific were able to offer not only their land-grant security. bu.t also the * bonds of the United States. The memorialists solicited similar aid for the Northern Pacific in Government bonds. Congress finally failed to adopt legislation authorizing aid in Government issues, and in May, 1865. and in January, 1810, the Northern Pacific Company, then controlled and directed by a combination of the best railroad experience and general ability and wealth in this country, made a contract with .Jay Cooke & Co., then become eminent in finance by their success in negotiating the war bonds of the Government, to act as the fiscal agents of the Northern Pacific. Jay Cooke obtained legislation in Washington authorizing £he issue of bonds and changing the main line of the road, so that it should run down the Columbia river to Portland, and thence north to Puget sound, instead of across the tremendous barrier of the Cascade mountains Cooke first proposed to place the Nc rtlierii Padfice loan in Europe, but his plans to this end were defeated by the breaking out of the FrancoGerman war.

He then put the bonds upon the American market, using the same means to popularize them which he had successfully employed in selling the great war loans of the United States Government. In two years’ Lime, beginning in the spring of 1810; he sold about $60,000,000 of bonds. In 1810, with the means supplied by him, the company began to build its line, commencing work at Thompson Junction, twenty-three miles west of Duluth. Jay Cooke was then, building a line from St Paul to Duluth, and the Northern Pacific bought a half interest in the twenty-three miles from its junction to Duluth. Duluth was an obscure hamlet in the forest, inhabited by perhaps a hundred people. It had no harbor, but a good one was obtained by cutting a canal across a long, narrow sand-bank inclosing the Bay of Superior. Construction was also begun, in the same year, on the extreme Western division of the road, running from the Columbia river at Kalamo northward to Puget sound. Ip 1871 the road was finished across Minnesota to the Bed Biver of the North, and in 187.1-3 it was built as far as the Alissouri river, Where a town was laid out and named Bismarck. Qn-tke Pacific side liß miles of road, between the Columbia river and Puget sound, were completed by the fall of 1873, and a terminal city laid out in a dense fir forest, on the sound, and named Tacoma During the same period there were completed and put in operation 555 miles of road —viz.: The Minnesota division, from Thompson Junction to Fargo, 650 miles; the Dakota division, from Fargo to Pism trok, I!<s miles; of the Pacific division 105 miles, from Kalamajio Tacoma; also, jointly with the St Paul and Duluth railroad, the line from Thompson to Duluth, 65 miles. , In September, jsj3 the house of Jay Cooke A Co, suspended—a memorable event, which precipitated a general financial revulsion, a sudden and enormous contraction of prices and values which-had obtained in the period of extravagance and inflation engenderedby the wardebt and the»papcr issues of the Government The failure of Jay Cooke & Co. involved the speedy bankruptcy of the Northern Pacific.

Two years were required to complete the readjustment of the company 8 affairs The foreclosure of its mortgage was initiated by the Trustees, with the concurrence or parties jin interest, April 15, 1873; and a receiver appointed by the court Later,-during the same year, the entire property was sold under decree of foreclosure, and purchased by a committee of the bondholders The reorganization was . perfected and -a- new of Directors elected Sept 2tU'lß?s. The directory was organized by the election of Charles B. Wright, Presidents. .George Stark, Vice President Samuel Wilkeson, Secretary, and by the choice also of Treasurer an: general counsel. In' May, 18711, Mr. Wright, for reasons of health, resigned the Presidency of ihe Northern Pacific, which he had held*for more than three years, nnd was succeeded by Frederick Billings. During the incumbency of Mr. Wright in the office of President the general financiel condition of the country and the difficulties opposed to extension into Montana by uontmued Indian hostilities, had long rendered the recommencing of .con.truction aero s the continent impractiable. Important renewals, improvements and betterments in road-bed track, and equipment of the operated Ine had, however, been made Also a branch line had been b lilt sixty-four miles from Brainerd to a connection with the cities of St Paul and Minneapolis at S.iuk Kapids, and thirty-one miles had been added from Tacoma *to Wilkeson, on the Pacific coast , In 187 b the company had s_> far Recovered its credit that-it u asal.de to borrow money to re uiue construction operu ions on a large scale It begun to build from the Mb so iri river westward, and from the Columbia r ver, in Eas e n'Washing on Territory, near the junction of the 8n .ke river, northeastwardly toward Lake Pend d’Oreiiie, in Northern Idaho. Toe company ditl not feel strong enough to put for.h any financial sc.ieme for completing the entire road, but only asked for money enough to build two ..d.visions, which it mortgaged separately, wi.h ihe land gran s attaching to mem. in 1880, after Mr. Billings had succeeded to' the Presidency, negotiations were completed with a syndicate of bankers, including the New York hou-es of Winslow, Lanier A Co.. Dre.vel, Morgan a Co. and August Beimont A Co., and the London hous.' of J. S. Morgan •A Co., bv which a .oan Of $-0,1X0,00J was p accd during that and the two following years, and money thus tecured for compie lug the load a toss Montana and filling the gap-in- the trackswhich then amounted tkio.er HoOmles. In irßl a very important change took place in the man igement of the Northern Pacific's at: airs. Fenry Viliard, a Geunan bv birth, who came to this coun ry at the age of 18, and who won considerable reputation as a newspaper oorre-pc ndent during and after the civil war, and who had l>et»me interested in railroad managemen in Kansas and Oregon m the representative of large financial interests had gradually obtained control,during the six years following the panic of of the tr ansportation lines by rail, river, and tea in the State of Oregon.

These lines he had consolidated and greatly extended, so that they represented what, tor a new country, was a transportation system. In 1880 Mr. Yillard determined, it possible, to secure a harmony of Interests and control between his Oregon lines apd the Northern Pacific line, so as to make the former the western extensions and feeders of the latter In 1681 bo organized what was known as the “blind pool” in New York, and obtained within a few weeks from subscriptions over SB,OOD,eOO of money, without diarlnsing the use which he meant to make of t>i«« large sum, and without giving any other security than his personal receipts. With money and Other means of his own he quietly purchased a controlling interest in the stock of the Northern Pacific Company and was elected Its President in September of that year, placing his friend and former associate in railroad management in Kansas and Oregon, Mr. Thomas F. Oakes, in the Vice Presidency as the chief executive of-r fleer of the company. Construction operations went on rapidly during the years 1880, 1881 and 1886 from both ends of the line, and at the beginning of the year 1886 the track remaining to be constructed was reduced to about ; 0j miles, on which the grading had been mainly done. The Missouii division was completed" in the spring of 1882, 617 miles to Glendive, its western terminus, and was at once accepted by the Government There are two great tunnels on the line; one at the Bozeman pass, in the Belt mountains, and the other at the Mullan pass, in the main division of the Bocky mountains. The fawr is 5,60) feet long, and the latter 3,‘850 feet: There are two great bridges upon the Northern Pacific: The Bismarck bridge, across the Missouri, at Bismarck, Dakota, which is placed so high aboye the rivSr as to require n 6 draw, and fairly ranks among the great railroad bridges of the world; and the Ainsworth bridge, not yet completed, across the Suake river, at Ainsworth, Washington Territory, which is a low bridge with a draw. Both these bridges are built upon stone piers, with superstructures of iron and steeL The Yellowstone riverls crossed three times, the Upper Missouri once, and the Clarke’s fork or the Columbia three times, by Howe truss bridges. Other interesting features of construction are the two long pile bridges across the arms of Lako Pend p’Oreille, each about a mile in length; and the great Marent Gulch trestle in the Coriacan defile, which has a height of 226 feet The mileage of the main line and branches of the—Northern Pacific system, now in operation, is as follows: MAIN LINE DIVISIONS. Miles. Minnesota Division, Duluth to Fargo 25214 Wi-consin Division, Northern Pacific Junction to Superior 2314 St, Paul division, St. Patti to Brainerd.... 136 r Dakota division, Fargo to Mandan 19954 Missouri division, Mandan to Glendive... 216 division, Glendive to Billings 225 Afontana division, Billings to Helena 239 Bocky 'Mountain division, Helena to Heron. ) 274 Pend d’ Oreille division, Heron to Wallula 269)4 Pacific division, Portland to Tacoma...... 145 TotaS mileage, main line divisions 1,980)4 ~~ " ISItANCHKS. Little Falls and Dakota branch. Little Falls, Minn., to Al-jrrls, Minn 88 Northern Pacific, Fergus and Black Hills r branch, Wadena, ‘Minn, to the present end of the trank in Pakqte. 116 Fargo and Southwestern branch, Fargo, Dakota, to Lamoure, Dakota 88 Jamestown and Northern branch, Jamestown, Dakota, to Devil’s Jjake, Dakota.. 104: Sykeston branch, Carrington, Dakota, to Sykeston, Dakota 14 National Park branch, Livingston, Alontana, to the boundary of tue National —Park .... 54 Palonse branch, Palouse Junction, Washington Territory, to Moscow, Idaho, (nearly completed) 150 Cascade branch, Tacoma, Washington Territory, to Wilkeson, W ashington Territory (under construction across the ‘ Cascade mountains and down the Yakima valley to Ainsworth, 210 miles)... 39 Seattle extension, Puyallup to Seattle, Washinton Territory...; ; 30 Total mileage of branches. 674 Grand total mileage of main line and branches. .2,654)4 The distance front Portland, Ore., to New York, all rail, is 6,683 miles.

GENERAL NOTES.

Metallic red is the color of the new 2cent stamps. Georgia s manufactured products will aggregate almost $41,0,000,000 this year. The aggregate demands of Councils for appropriations for next year foot up at $13,810,755. Two sunflowers in Lancaster, Fa, ureas* ure respectively forty-eight and forty-nine inches in circumference. Over 71,000 Califonria mountain trout and 505,000 salmon treut have been placed in Lake Keuka, N. Y., this season. One hundred and sixty-four bodies of drowned persons were taken from the East river, Brooklyn side, during the year ending July 31, I*BB3. The Montana Assessors’ Convention voted to assess the roadbed of railways within the Territory at $4,500 a mile and telegraph and telephone lines at S2OO a mile The body of Joe King, one of the rioters who was hanged onthe 21th of October, 1882, at Eastman, Ga., and buried at Cochran, was unearthed recently and found to be petrified. In a population of 1,300,000 New York City has 01,052 real-estate owners, 'lt further apuears that while the real estate annually increases in value the owners become A raft measuring 1,2t0 feet long, twelve feet d .'ep, and twenty-four feet wide, and consisting of 5,81.0 logs, has just been towed down in safety from St John, N. 8., to New York, a distance of 05<j miles. Five sixty pound weights used in the 'execution of William Fee, who was hanged in ISO.) at Lyons, N. Y , have sinoj been playing a useful part in pressing out the white paper on which a local newspaper is printed. Cid Fancy, the war-horse ridden by Stonewall Jackson, is tenderly cared for at the Virginia Military - Institute, at Lexington. He is a handsome sorrel, ot good form, but his joints are stiff. He is : 0 years old. In Akron, Ohio, a follow who had been unable to urge his "horse to draw -a load up hill unfastened the tugs from the singletree anti tied the poor creature’s toil to it. He then whipped thi horse until the indignant bystanders interposed. The fellow had to escape from the town. Aeabi Pasha seems quite reconciled to his exile in Ceylon, and even* admits that the English are perhaps the best friends of Egypt. To shew bis s ncerity in this phv testation he is studiously acq'uiring the English language. He would like to tee Igypjfe again, but would not retrrn at the risk of adding to the complications. If no better in other respects than their brethren, in Eastern cities, San Franc.sco sinners ceitainly have the virtue of superior boldness. Jp a single number of a Monday newspaper published in that city there ara accounts of pigeon-shvoting matches bv three- different clubs, of a great billiard tournament,,and a ba"e-ball match, all of which took plhee on Sunday. . “tp— — One of the most impor ant subjects now receiving the at ention of the Government is the dep etion qf. the American forests. In order to obtain fell detai s as to the actual area of 1 eriitory covered ly timber Mai. Powell, Director of ’ the United States Geo ogica Survey, has detailed an - gent to guiix This State is selected first because he is familiar with the 1 topo .rap icai bearings of West Virginia. Cir. u'ars have been sent to prominent men of t- e State, asking co-opera ion in the collection of information concerning the timber area. Many answers have been re eived. Several have furnish l d the o nee with county maps with the t mber areas marked. Ihe result of the inquiries so for has been gratifying to Xaj. Powell, and' it is probable that the final result will be of sufficient value to warrant the Bureau in continuing the inquiries in the other Statea ■ j . ,