Rensselaer Journal, Volume 12, Number 2, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 19 June 1902 — Page 2

AN EXPANSION ERA

Marvelous Development of Indiana’s Industrial Interests as Shown By Census Figures. STRIKING STORY OF GROWTH How the Hoosier State Has Shared In the Benefits of the American Economic Policy—lndiana’s ( Manufactured Products Reach Every Quarter of the Globe. A quarter of a century ago Indiana was noted for its agricultural products. The state has not lost its preeminence in this particular. There has been no decadence of farm interests —the past four or five years have been a period of steadily rising land values, and from the standpoint of prosperity the Indiana farmer today occupies an enviable position. Indiana is not in the abandoned farm belt. A quarter of a century ago the argument that the people of Indiana had no special interest in legislation for the fostering of manufacturing interests seemed plausible'. The statement that protection was a device for the upbuilding of Eastern manufacturing centers at the expense of agricultural sections carried some weight. But changed conditions —conditions changed as the result of protective legislation, render such a position untenable. Indiana has become a great manufacturing state. In the words of the late Governor Mount: “The factory and the farm are in Indiana side by side. From the field one can hear the whir of the machinery in the shop and mill.” The local advantages of such a condition, in the creation of a near-at-hand market for all that the farmer produces are apparent. The output of the Indiana farm need not be shipped a thousand miles to find a consumer. It is a short haul from the farmyard to the millyard. Near the borders of the state are a half-dozen great cities, which have shared liberally in the marvelous industrial growth beginning with the adoption of the policy of protection by this government more than a third of a century ago, and finding its culmination at this hour in the greatest “good times” era this or anv other country has ever known.

The Growth of a Decade. The ten years ending with 1900 will not go down to history as an era of uninterrupted industrial progress. Out of this must be taken a full four-year period in which the industries of Indiana and of every other state came either to a full stop or moved backward. From an industrial standpoint the decade closing with the century was but six years long. Yet the sum total of progress is marvelous. The figures are eloquent beyond the power of human speech—and they are eloquent in no cause of reaction or retrogression. From 1890 to 1900 the population of Indiana increased 14.8 per cent. The number of manufacturing establishments within the borders, of the state grew from 12,354 to 18,015, or 45.8 per cent; the of wage-earners from 110,590 to 155,956, or 41 per cent; the amount of wages paid from $42,577,258 to $66,847,317; the cost of materials used from $130,119,106 to $214,961,610, or 65.2 per cent; the value of products from $226,825,082 to $378,120,140, or 66.7 per cent; the value of land and buildings Invested in manufactures, from $31,579,846 to $58,046,838, or 83 8 jter cent. The great prosperity of the state in 1900, as compared with the four-year term which should be sub-' traded from the decade as a period of growth, is shown by the fact that in 1900 the greatest number of wageearners employed at any time during the year was 216,925, or 50,000 more than the average number for the full decade. During the 50 years ending with 190 ' the population of Indiana increasedWom 988,416 to 2,516,462, or. 154.6 per cent, while the average number of wage-earners increased from 14,440 to 155,956, or 980 per cent. More significant still, the average annual wage paid to an Indiana operative increased from $265 in the decade ending with 1860 to nearly SSOO in the decade ending with 1900. Subtracting the four-year period of decreased wages, the average for the decade would be Increased considerably. It is safe to say that the average annual wage at this time is in the neighborborhood of S6OO. The Indiana workingman is more than twice as good a customer as he was 40 years ago. It Is not surprising that the Indiana farmer is realizing better prices for everything he has to sell than during any former period in the history of the state.

An Achievement of Protection. It is of course true that the more recent industrial development of Indiana is in no small part due to the discovery and utilization of natural resources. But these resources, if discovered while this country was industrially dependent, would have been comparatively useless. The manufacture of glass and metal are distinctively creations of the protective policy. Until the favoring tariff laws were enacted, not a square foot of plate glass, not a pound of tin-plate, not a yard of hosiery or knit goods was made in Indiana. It has not been a decade ago since a leader of the free trade propaganda declared, almost within the shadow of the rising walls r *f the tin-plate mills at Elwood, that Qts economical manufacture of tiri-

plate in the United States was a delusion. Yet these mills, dedicated by William McKinley himself, and placed in operation as the result of the law to which he gave his name, are now the largest of their kind in the world. The glass industry, in which nearly $13,000,000 is invested in 110 Indiana establishments, employing 13,000 men to whom $7,250,000 in wages is paid annually, had its beginning in this country with Mr. DePauw at New Albany, and is a creation of the policy of Morrill, Blaine, Dingley and McKinley. The same may be said of the iron and steel industry, in which there is invested in Indiana nearly $15,000,000, and in which 7,500 men receive in wages annually nearly $4,250,000 in wages; of the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods,, in which 1,421 men are employed in Indiana at an annual compensation of $1,565,752, and of many other Industries. Indiana’s Leading Industries. During the decade covered by the last census almost every Indiana industry showed a marked advance over the conditions of 1890. In the meatpacking industry the number of estal>lishments increased in number from 21 to 36, in wage-earners employed from 2,107 to 3,597, in value of products from $27,913,840 to $43,862,273, or 57.1 per cent. In the manufacture of foundry and machine shop products 337 establishments, with 10,339 wage-earners and products valued at $17,228,096, were in existence in 1900, as against 206 establishments, employing 5,904 wageearners, and a production valued at $9,542,499 in 1890. The increase in value of products amounted to 80.5 per cent. In the iron and steel industry there was an increase during the decade from 15 establishments, 2,648 wageearners and products valued at $4,742,760 to 27 establishments, employing 7,579 wage-earners and products valued at $19,338,481. The increase in value of products was 307.7 per cent. Comparative figures with reference to the tin-plate industry are not at hand, because in 1890 it did not exist in this state.

In the manufacture of lumber and timber products the increase during the decade was from 1,633 establishments, 15,021 wage-earners and products valued at $20,278,023, to 1,849 establishments, employing 9,503 wageearners and turning out products valued at $20,613,724. The glass industry shows a growth in Indiana for the period from 21 establishments, 3.010 wage-earners, and products valued at $2,995,409, to 110 establishments, employing 13,015 wage-earners, with products valued at $14,757,883. Indiana glass is shipped to foreign parts scattered from Norway to New Zealand. In 1890 there were 394 establishments engaged in the manufacture of carriages and wagons in Indiana, with 4,508 wage-earners, and products valued at $8,248,873; in 1900 the number of establishments had decreased to 275, but the number of wage-earners had increased to 6,490, and the value of products to $12,742,243. In car construction and general shop work the number of Indiana establishments increased during the decade from 48 to 54, the number of wageearners from 6,613 to 8,081 and the value of products from $7,829,382 to $10,242,422. The expansion of other Indiana industries has been almost uniformly in the proportion Indicated by these figures. Growth of Five Cities.

The growth of manufacturing and mechanical industries in the five Indiana cites of greatest population is illustrative of the recent commercial expansion of the Hoosier state. Tn! Evansville between 1890 and 1900 . there was an increase in the number ■ of establishments from 482 to 705, tn | number of wage-earners from 6,815 to 7,279; in Fort Wayne the number of j manufacturing establishments increased during the decade from 235 to 397, the number of wage-earners from 5,644 to 7,255; Indianapolis in 1890 had 1,189 establishments, in 1900, 1,910, in 1890, 16,025 wage-earners, in 1900, 25,511; South Bend had in 1890 208 manufacturing establishments, in 1900 302, in 1890, 5,750 wage-earners, in 1900, 8,257; there were 367 establishments in Terre Haute in 1890, in 1900 there were 429, employing 5,427 wageearners, as against 4,720 in 1890. In more than one of these cities the increase in number of establishments and wage-earners has been much more rapid in the two years which have succeeded the taking of the last census, than during any portion of the former decade. Of the six leading cities of the state New Albany was the only one to suffer diminution of industrial interests —this on account of the removal of some of her factories to the gas belt. Figures That Are Eloquent. These figures speak so eloquently of the growth of a great state that comment Is superfluous. Indiana stands in the front rank of American commonwealths. From an industrial viewpoint her geographical position is strategic, from an agricultural standpoint she is among the most favored of nature. Within her borders beats the heart of American civilization, and the center of population is assured* to Indiana for many years to come. Under such conditions every step in the movement for the world-wide expansion of American commerce, the conquest of foreign markets which has been so signal a feature of our recent industrial development, and the maintenance of our flag at the gateway to the vast commerce of the Orient, is of vital interest to every citizen of the Hoosier state.

WAGES AND LIVING

Wage-Earner's Pay Has Increased More Rapidly Than Price of Provisions. FIGURES ON STAPLE ARTICLES Show That There Has Been a Substantial Decrease In the Price of Staple Articles of Food Since 1891. The assertion that the cost of living has advanced in the same proportion as wages during the past decade will not stand investigation. Indeed, there is a very general misapprehension as to the relative cost of staple commodities at this time and the price obtaining in former years. That wages have advanced very substantially during the past five years and that labor is better paid today than during any previous period in the history of the country is very generally granted. Figures collected by the Indiana bureau of statistics show that the average daily wages paid to skilled labor in the 193 manufacturing ertablishments covered by the inquiry in 1991 were $2.56; to unskilled labor, $1.58. In the industries covered by the report of 1890-1 the average wages to skilled labor were $2.09; to unskilled labor, $1.38 —an Increase in the case of skilled labor amounting to 25 per cent, in that of unskilled labor of more than 15 per cent. The Cost of Living. Has the cost of provisions, for instance, increased in proportion? Investigation shows that most staple articles of food were lower in price last year than they were ten year ago. In 1890-91 the average wholesale price of flour per barrel on the New York I Pioduce Exchange, derived from the I Monday quotations during each week 'of the year, was $4.72, in 1901 $3.31; the average wholesale price of rice per pound at Chicago in 1890-91 was 6 cents, in 1901, 5 cents; of potatoes in Chicago, 67 cents per bushel in 1890-1, 56 cents in 1901; of eggs in New York city 20 cents per dozen in 1890-91, 21 cents in 1901; smoked ham at Chicago 10 cents per pound in 1890-91, 10% in 1901; of the best grade of graulated sugar in New York city in 1890-91, $9.0535, $0.05 in 1901; of bacon and short ribs in New York city in 1890-91. $0,063 per pound, in 1901 $0,086 per peund. 1 A Practical Illustration. 1 The following table will illustrate ' the relative cost of of a bill of staple in 1890-91 and in 1901: 1890-91 1901. 2 lbs. butterso.47 $0.42 I 5 lbs. smoked hamso .55 ,5 lbs. rice.3o .55 I I bu. potatoes 67 .56 ' 2 doz. eggs4o .42 1 1 bbl. flour 4.725 3.31 I 3 lbs. baconl99 .258 $7,799 $6,268

“THE PLAIN PEOPLE”

An Indiana Editor Preaches an Effective Sermon From This Text. (From the Muncie Times.) Did you ever stop to consider who are the plain people in this country? Did you ever stop to reflect what a pitiable and miserable minority is composed by those who are not “plain" people? You and I, your neighbor and my neighbor, are the “plain” people. Your neighbor may be a banker and mine a toiler in the mills, yet both are of one blood, democratic In its origin, with interests as closely linked as those of relationship. This republic Is governed by the plain people—it is a government of and for the plain people. This government was established by plain people and the brains and blood of plain people have perpetuated the democratic institutions and added glory to them. In the last presidential election McKinley received 7,208,224 votes and Bryan 6,358,789. This was popular suffrage. It was the vote of the people. Analyze it as we may we find no evidence of class distinction. The plain people voted their convictions and Mr. McKinley was the choice of the majority. The present administration Is of the people’s making and for the people’s welfare. With the confidence that came with the people’s I vote the mills and factories resumed work. The full dinner-pail became a reality. The returning prosperity was no gift, tied by dainty ribbon and handed out as a pretty package; It was the si.bstantlal work of the plain people, reflecting good judgment. The Republican party with Its seven, million votes must necessarily be a party of plain people. Put all the cads ard snobs in a bunch—class them as apart from the plain people—and you wouldn’t have enough influence to carry a county. The Republican party is the great popular party in whose organization all men of all Interests are found, working for better laws and the enforcement of laws that are. The Republican party is the party of the plain people. In It are found working men, the loyal friends of organized labor—and working side by side with them are professional and business men. The Republican party recognizes no classes. It seeks the greatest good to the greatest number. It stands for clean and businesslike administration—lt stands for the rights of the plain people, that is the rights of you and me, your neighbor an ! my neighbor.

"SEEING THINGS AT NIGHT”

Senator Patterson Tells of an Officer Who Sat in the “Shade” After Sundown. Senator Patterson of Colorado is a former resident of Indiana, having, like former Senator Wilson of Washington, gone west from Crawfordsville to grow up with that section and' become an active factor in its political life. As editor of the Rocky Mountain Ntws Mr. Patterson proclaimed on the morning after Dewey’s victory. In a type display that occupied most of the front page of his paper, the doctrine: “Where Dewey has hoisted the flag there shall It float forever,” or words to that effect. The nimble Colorado statesman doubtless thought the administration wculd withdraw American authority from the Philpplnes, thereby creating a first-class Democratic issue. But Editor Patterson guessed wrong. Now Senator Patterson is the leader of the opposition to the policy of maintaining American supremacy in the Philippines. That he, in common with his associates of the minority in the senate, has been hard-pressed in the effort to maintain himself in his new position, is Indicated by a somewhat amusing colloquy which took place between him and Senator Beveridge the other day, as shown by the-Con-gressional Record. Senator Patterson had been discussing American “atrocities” in the Philippines and said: “The senator from Indiana wants to know whether there was any instance but the one in which there was an order from an American officer to administer the water cure. My sole alm, I will say to the senator, is to be correct. I want to say to the senate, Mr. President, that in every instance in which the water cure was administered —sometimes to as many as 20 Filipinos, then again to 12, and sometimes to lesser numbers —in every instance an officer was in the immediate vicinity.” Mr. Beveridge—That is as near as you can get an officer—“in the immediate vicinity.” Mr. Patterson —In the Immediate vicinity, when the water cure was applied all night, commencing early in the evening and running until broad daylight in the morning, the officer in command of the troops was sitting under the shade of a tree, within less than 100 yards from where the process was being conducted. Mr. Beveridge—Great Heavens, Mr. President, sitting in the shade of a tree at night . [Laughter.] We have it at last, I am glad to say. Tn the courts, both federal and state, if a lawyer who is confused presents some half a dozen theories upon which he desires to proceed, no one knows better than the senator from Colorado that the court requires him to elect the theory upon which he proposes to try his case. Mr. Patterson —Mr. President — Mr. Beveridge—Just wait a moment. I want to get through with that officer sitting at night under he shade of a tree. [Laughter.] Mr. Patterson —Ah!

Mr. Beveridge—Mr. President, I started out with the expectation of occupying the attention of the senate for three or four minutes In a kindly way to call attention to what I said was an unintentional error of my friend the senator from Utah [Mr. Rawlins]. Immediately a diversion was required; and the senator from Colorado proposed another subject of discussion. That was taken up, and then my friend the senator from Tennessee took up another subject of discussion, and that was the American soldier. He exonerated him, and then he attacked the American officer. I then asked the senator to name the American officer, to file his specifications, and he said it was not a subordinate officer, but it was Chaffee and Bell; and yet we had Chaffee yesterday exonerated by the senator from Utah. Then comes again the senator from Colorado to the rescue and says, “Yes, there is more than one instance; there is a horrible and dramat’c circumstance of water cure given all night long until broad daylight, and during the whole of it an American officer sat within a few yards under the shade of a tree.” [Laughter.]

Motion. I— 510

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[Oharos MOTION.

OF HOOSIER ORIGIN

An Iftfianian Made Rural Delivery a Permanent Part of the Postal Service. A THOUSAND ROUTES IN INDIANA Will Be In Operation Soon After the Beginning of the Next Fiscal Year— The Service Has Enjoyed Exceptional Popularity in Indiana—lto Rapid Development. Before the close of the coming summer more than 1,000 rural carriers will be distributing mall over Indiana routes, equaling in aggregate length the circumference of the globe. It is a point of special interest to Indianlans that the father of this “most striking new development in the continued and rapid growth of the postal, service” was a Hoosier, Perry S. Heath, who as first assistant postmaster general, found the service in the earliest experimental stage and made it, before the close of his administration, a vital part of the work of the postoffice department. The appropriations made by congress in 1894, 1895 and 1896 for experimentation in a service originally suggested by Postmaster General Wanamaker, were rendered futile by the skepticism with which Postmasters General Bissell and Wilson regarded the innovation. With the administration of Mr. Gary and Mr. Heath a new attitude toward the plan for extending daily mail facilities to the farmer was assumed by the department. As a result nearly 10,000 routes are in operation at this time, while the liberal appropriations for the service made by the present congress insure increased activity in the establishment of routes after the beginning of the next fiscal year. The Service in Indiana.

From the beginning Indiana led in the number of routes, and is the pioneer state in the matter of rural free delivery. From Indianapolis is directed the work of extending the service in one-third of the states of the Union. In number of routes established Indiana has been in the front rank, not only because of the disposition of General Heath, in the earlier stages of the development of the service to favor his own state and the activity of her members of congress, but because Indiana is blessed with an unusually Intelligent and progressive rural population. Indiana is a state of good roads, of schoolhouses, libraries, newspapers and magazines. Her people write and receive as many letters per capita as those of any other state in the Union. In the number and quality of her newspapers she surpasses most of her sister states. All these things have combined to make rural free delivery a popular institution in Indiana, as shown by the number of petitions for additional service now pending in the division offices at Indianapolis. Extent of the Service.

In the last report of the postmaster general are found some interesting facts concerning the rural service. At this time nearly 6,000,000 persons living on farms are favored with daily mall delivery. More than one-fourth of the eligible territory and population are now covered by the service. It is estimated that within less than four years mail can be delivered at every door in the United States except in the most Inaccessible localities or in villages where the postoffice is near at hand to every resident. Applications are now on file in the department sufficient to more than double the extent of the service, and despite increased facilities for the investigation of routes the demand for the location of routes far surpasses the possibilities of immediate favorable action. With the Increased appropriation soon to become available, it is expected that the work of investigation will be pushed with unprecedented rapidity, and localities where the installation of the service has been long delayed, will soon be favored. The Farmer Favored. The argument that the farmer is the least favored by legislation of any factor in American citizenship no longer holds good. In the matter of postal facilities he has been given during the past five years, more than It seemed at all probable he would receive within a generation—certainly more than he could have expected to obtain within that time had the postal policy prevailing in 1896 been continued. Rising value for the land the farmer owns, Increased prices for all that he has to sell, growth in the market value of livestock on American farms alone during the past five years sufficient to pay the national debt, a department of agriculture active beyond precedent in the development of American agricultural interests, and the widening of markets for products of American agriculture abroad, a discharge of mortgage indebtedness on American farms far greater than has ever before been known within a similar period, and, along with all this, the Inauguration of a movement looking to dally malls for practically every rural resident, would seem to Indicate that the American farmer is at last coming into his own.

A South Carolina cotton factory has Just started 40 tons of cotton drilling for Manila, and a Georgia mill has sent 22 tons of cotton cloth to China and Japan. It is a good thing for Democratic leadership that the Southern states do not vote the way they ship.

II • Il ilii’l IqllflnillmllOHlllllnullliniiUllllllllll r* K t. M 1t liy M EET WRITER REQUIREMENT. BUILT RIGHTjJ? '■ Bjj frw a’' USEDBYTHE LEADAMR ANU MERCH OiEitfwiitßOi .. •y ■ »_• **- ~ 1 * * »** -f. n .. because the MOST ECONOMICAL PRINTED tae SMITH □PREMIER. , TYPEWRITER company! 265 Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. Notice of Hearing of Ditch Petition. IN THE MATTER OF THE PETITION OF ROBERT ZICK, ET. AL. Notice is herby given that a petition has been filed w th the Auditor of Jasper County, State of Indiana and viewers have been appointed who have viewed and reported said view which is on fi’e mmy office. The hearing of said petition upon its merits will be had before the Board of Commissioners of Jasper County, State of Indiana, on Tuesday, the Bth Day of July, 1902, the same being the second day of their July Term, 1902. The prayer of said petition is that a ditch be constructed on the following route, to-wit: Beginning six hundred and eighty (680) feet south of the northwest corner of section seventeen (17), township thirty-one (31) north, range five (5) west, and running thence in a general southeasterly direction a total distance of 21430 feet to its outlet in Stumph Slough Ditch at a point thirteen hundred and twenty (13 2 °) f eel north of the center of section twenty-seven (27), township thirty-one (31) north, range five (5) west. This proposed work will affect the lands of the following persons: » Guy F Barnard, Albert S, Green, Thomas B. Allison, Ida A. Allison, Francis’ Hershman. Lewis S. Chase, Emmet L. Hollingsworth, M. A. Filion, whose full name is unknown, Philip Staller, William Webb, David H. Wesner, Howard F Chappell, Joseph M. Wampler, Caroline Barger, Julius Rosenburger, Thomas Barger, Cecelia M Drew, Michael Zick, Dennis McLaughlin, William Reinhertz, Robert Zick, Rosa Schreiber, Stephen Salrin, Willis K. Bliss, William B Austin, Thomas Brian, Sr. Rasmus Jesperson, Thomas J. Moore, August F Meyer, John F. Barnard, J F. Barnard, whose full name is unknown, Christopher Salrin, Benjamin J. Giftord, Mary Tezlaff, Alexander Schrader, Samuel James Mann, Carey F. Smith, Ray D. Thompson, Thomas Thompson, Louis Fritz, Civil Township of Walker, Trustee of Civil Township of Walker. Wm. C. Babcock, Auditor of Jasper County. June 6, 1902. J. 12 -i 9

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