Rensselaer Journal, Volume 11, Number 31, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 9 January 1902 — Page 2

CHRONOLOGY OF THE YEAR.

Events of Importance That Have Marked the Past Twelve Months. • <»

Two events overshadowed all others In the first year ot the new century. One was the assassination of William McKinley, president of the United States, and the other the death of Queen Victoria, bringing to a close the longest and in many respects the most remarkable reign In British, history. Each of the two great English-speaking nations of the world was thus called upon to mourn for its highest representative of authority and to face what at one time might have been a serious crisis in Its affairs; but in neither ease was there even the semblance of political or industrial disturbance or of gove. nrnental instability. Theodore Roosevelt became president and Edward VII. king precisely m the manner prescribed by law and the close Of 1901 finds each country as tranquil and secure as It was twelve months ago. In the United States tne affairs of greatest importance before the public, aside from the murder of the president, were the new Hay-i’auncefote canal treaty, the Schley Inquiry, the Supreme court decisions in the insular eases, the formation of the United States Steel corporation and other gigantic combinations of capital, the. panic in the New York stock market, and the princely gifts to educational institutions by Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rock'feller, D. K. Pearsons and others The year Politically. Politically, tile y. ir in lhe United States was a rather eventful one. William McKinley began Ids second term as president of the United States on the 4tli of March, when he was inaugurated with Theodore Roosevelt as vice-presi-dent. In September he was stricken down by an assassin and Mr. Roosevelt became the chief executive. No other changes took .place at the time, but in December the postmaster-general,“Charles E. Smith, and the secretary of the treasury, Lyman J. Gage, resigned. Henry C. Payne of Milwaukee was chosen to succeed the former and Leslie M. Shaw, governor of lowa, the latter.

Work of BOtli Congress. Among the Important laws enacted at the second session of the 56th congress were these: Reorganizing the army on the basis of a force of from 60,000 to 100,000 men; materially reducing the warrevenue taxes; increasing the membership of the house of representatives from 857 to 386 by reapportioning the congressional districts; abolishing the army canteen. The river and harbor bill, the Nicaragua canal bill and the ship subsidy bill were measures that failed to pass. Oar Insular Problems. Considerable progress toward the settlement of the insular problems was made. The greater portion ot the Philippine Islands had been brought under complete control early In the year and the capture of Agulngldo by Gen. Funston March 23 did a great deal to hasten the work of pacification. On the 4th ot July civil government was established with William H. Taft as the first civil governor. At the same time the military authority In the islands was transferred from Gen. Arthur MacArthur to Gen. A. R. Chaffee. Opposition to United States rule It not entirely at an end. In Samar bolomen attacked a detachment of the 9th Infantry Oct. 18, killing ten and wounding' •lx men. Other less disastrous encounters have occurred.

Trade with New Possessions. Under a decision of the United States Supreme court rendered Dec. 2 it was held that the Philippines became domestic territory immediately upon the ratification of the treaty of peace and that in the absence of legislation by congress duties levied upon the products of the islands were illegal. It was further held that the right of congress to pass laws for the regulation of the islands was unrestricted, coming from the constitution itself. In substance it was' held the collection of duties on products coming from Porto Rico between the time the treaty of Paris went into effect and the date when the Foraker tariff act became a law was illegal; that the Island of Porto Rico is a territory appurtenant and belonging to the United States but not a part of the United States within the revenue clause of the constitution, and that the Foraker act Is constitutional.

Relations with Cuba. ’♦s The relations to exist between the United States and Cuba were determined at least temporarily, by the adoption of the Platt by congress in June. Briefly, these provide that the government of the island shall retain its independence of all foreign countries, that the United States may Intervene to preserve such independence, that the acts of the United States during the period of military occupancy shall be ratified, that sanitary plans for the prevention of epidemics shall. be carried out and that this country Xj permitted to buy or lease naval or coaling stations at points to be agreed upon. On the 21st of February the constitution 03 agreed to by the members of the Cuban convention was signed by the members of that body. It is based largely upon that of the United States. Dec. 81 Gen. Tomaso Estrada Palma was elected the first president of Cuba. Free trade between Porto Rico and the Uniteu States went into effect July 25, the anniversary of the landing of the American troops on the Island in 1889. Civil government under the provisions of the Foraker act was established in May, 1900, and the first governor was Charles IL Allen. He was succeeded this year by William H. Hunt. President McKinley’s Murder. The facts in the assassinaton of President William McKinley are still too vividly remembered to require extended mention. He had entered upon his second term under the most favorable auspices. Everything pertaining to the future seemed bright with promise when, without a moment's warning, he was shot down by an anarchist. The fatal bullet was fired by Leon Czolgosz while the president Was receiving the public in the T< mple of Music at the Pan-American exposition in Buffalo on the afternoon of Friday, Sept. 6. He lingered until early on the morning of tfe 14th of the same month, when he passed away, with the words: “God's will, not ours, be done.” The grief of the people was as deep and atncere as It was widespread. Telegrams Of condolence came from all parts of the Ctylllxedworldand from persons in all Tie assassin jjWas speedily tried, convfcted and. the idantence of death execuCaolgosz died in the eleatric chair

* r >« t A 2v' Urn ~, ison . on the mm of Roosevelt Become* President. Theodore Roosevelt assumed the office .5 P res ident Sept. 14, the day on which McKinley died, taking the oath of office in Buffalo. One of his first public announcements was mat the policy of his predecessor would be faithfully executed. Sch ley-gam plton Controversy. The Schley-Sampson controversy as to which commander was entitled to the credit for the destructibn of Cervera's fleet at Santiago reached its culmination In July when the third volume of Edgar S. Maclay’s -History of the United States Navy" was published. In this book the conduct of Winfield S. Schley as commander of the flying squadron was censured in the severest terms. The author declared that the admiral was guilty of disobedience of orders In failing to proceed to Santiago when ordered to do so and that the Brooklyn's famous “loop" was the I. sulf of his cowardice. ~ Au the hisiotian was connected with the navy department as an employe Admiral Schley could not overlot.k the charges and on the 22d of July wrote a letter tn Secretary Long asking for an investigation. Ills request was compiled with and a court of three, with Admiral Dewey president, listened to the testimony .and 'ln- arguments of counsel from J epr. 2" until Nov. 7, when the court took tin case pnder advisement. Dec. i. verdict was announced. It was in two parts, the first signed by all the members of the court and the second by Admiral Dewey alone. Rear-Admirals Ben. am and Ramsay, compr.s ng a majority of the ei urt. condemned Admiral Schley' in ga neral terms, but Admiral Dewey ( t) a minority report declared Schley was entitled to the credit for the victory of Santiago. Secretary Long approved the majority finding and declared that the opinion added by Admiral Dewey was not proper. President Roosevelt ordered the immediate discharge from the employ of the navy department of Maclqy and the order was carried into effect.

Isthmian Canal Treaty Signed. The outlook for the building of an isthmian canal in the near future became much more promising when on Nov. 18 Lord Pauncefote and Secretary Hay signed a new treaty on behalf of their respective governments. This agreement superseded the old Clayton-Buiwer treaty and did not contain the objectionable features of the document which was so amended by the United States senate as to be unacceptable to Great Britain. Its most salient feature was the implied right of this country to fortify the canal whenever it is built. The agreement was laid before the senate and was ratified by that body Doc. 16 by a vote of 72 to 6. The canal commission appointed to investigate the two available routes—the Nicaragua and the Panama—reported in favor of the former, and a bill authorizing the bdildlng of a ship canal at NIc 1 aragua was at once introduced In the hopse of representatives. Late in December It was reported from Paris that the French Panama company was willing to sell Its property and rights for $40,000,000, and It is, therefore, possible that the claims of the Panama route will receive serious consideration at the hands ot congress.

DISASTERS OF THE YEAR. Record Is Long, and the Number of Deaths Involved Excessive. Jacksonville, Fla., was the scene of the most disastrous fire of the year in America. The greater part of the city was laid In ashes May 3. causing a total loss of about $11,000,000. Another serious fire was that in Montreal, Jan. 23. The loss was $2,500,000. Twenty-eight lives were lost by the burning of the Rochester (N. Y.) orphan asylum Jan. 8; nineteen persons were killed in a furniture-house fire in .Philadelphia, Oct. 25, and 100 or more were lost in a great oil fire at Baku, Russia. Feb. 5. Tornadoes, cyclones and floods were fortunately few in number compared to other years. The worst disaster of this sort was a storm and flood in the Elkhorn valley of West Virginia June 23. Between fifty and sixty lives were lost and property to the value of about $1,000,000 was destroyed. The following is a list of the most prominent disasters in 1901: In January 10 were killed by an explosion at Lei-Tung, China; 8 by a fire at Minneapolis: 6 by a railroad accident at Mikala, Austria; 20 by a panic at Tokyo, Japan; 120 by a blizzard in south Russia; 50 by the capsizing of a barge oft the coast of Madagascar; 400 by a storm on the coast of Japan; 70 by an explosion at Hang Chow, China; 10 by a boiler explosion at Recklinghausen, Bohemia; and 35 by a hurricane at Trondjhem, Norway. In February 87 persons perished in a mine accident at Durango, Mexico; 392 by a storm on the coast of China; 6 by an explosion at Guilford, England; 7 by railroad accident in New South Wales; GO by a mine accident in Cumberland, B. C., and 5 at Hermosillo, Mexico; 21 by fire at Tokyo, Japan; 40 by storm at Odessa. Russia; 6 by fire at Birmingham, England; and 32 by a mine accident at Kemmerer, Wyo.

In March 50 persons were killed by an explosion in China; 7 by explosion in Spain; 30 by a railroad accident at Walovo, Russia; 17 by a mine accident at Yaborl, Japan; 10 by mine accident at Gllsenkirche, Prussia; 8 by cyclone in Texas; 16 by a cyclone in Arkansas;- 10 by boiler explosion in Chicago; 8 by an avalanche at Lake Como; 20 by flood in Bolivia; 15 by bursting pt a dam at Bologna, Italy; 9 by a railroad accident in New South Wales; 18 by cyclone at Birmingham, Ala., and 6 by a mine accident in Fayette Co., Ala. In April 26 lost their lives by a mine accident in the Transvaal; 6 by a hotel fire at St. Mary’s, W. Va.; 12 by cyclone in the Canary Islands; 25 by an explosion at Griesheim, Germany: 18 by a mine accident at Hornu, Belgium; 20 bv a snow slide in Alaska; 1 by, a- railroad accident in Pekin; 8 by fire at St. Jean, France; 6 by a railroad accident at Caledon, South Africa, and 15 by the fall of a church in Albania. In May 35 perished by fire at AmreeU. India; 100 by a ferryboat disaster on the Dnieper River; 7 by fire in Chicago; 6 by an avalanche in Alaska; 130 by a boiler explosion in China; 8 by an avalanche in Switzerland: 7 by a mine accident in Fairmcnt, W.. Va.; 15 by an avalanche at Avacenza, Italy; 28 by fire at Sohendorf, Bohemia; 14. by floods tn Tennessee; 30 by an explosion at Cape Town; 73 by a mine accident at Wales; 21 by a mine accident at

Prussia: 181 by volcanic eruption in Java.; 7 by a trolley car accident in Albany, N. Y.; 21 by a mine 'accident In Dayton. Tenn.; 29 by drowning at Manana Island, and 7 by drowning In Schuylkill River. In June 70 lives were lost by fire on the Tehuantepec Isthmus; 8 by a mine accident at Iron Mountain. Mich.; 9 by a railroad accident In Pretoria; 9 by dynamite explosion at Binghamton, N. Y.; 7 by a cyclone In Oklahoma; 16 by a mine accident at Jacob's Creek, Pa.; 12 by fire at St. Petersburg; 15 by explosion In cartridge factory, Paris; 9 by a cyclone at Naper. Neb.; 24 by explosion at Pater z son, N. J.; and 10 by flood In Elkhorn Valley, W. Va. In July 11 were killed by a lightning stroke in Chicago; 4,010 by a flood at Klang So, China; 300 by earthquake at Lung King, China; 7 by drowning accident In Baden; 4 by'a storm at Haiti; 9 by collapse ot a bridge at Springfield. Pa.; 6 by drowning at Savannah, Ga.; 700 by volcanic eruption In Java; 16 by oil explosion at Stockholm; 23 by flood In the Danube River; 40 by oil explosion at Batoum, and 7 by fire at Louisville, Ky. In August 17 perished by collapse ot a wharf at Tampico, Mexico; 8 by a gasoline explosion in Philadelphia; 20,000 by flood In China; 100 by fire at Wltebsk, Russia; 10 by fire at Cleveland, O.; 6 by floods in Louisiana; 7 by explosion .at steel works, Youngstown, O.; 5 by fire in Philadelphia, Pa.; 6 by a dynamite explosion in Herkimer. N. Y.; 6 by a hurricane at VJllarego-Jilota, Spain, and 6 by fire in Brooklyn, N. Y. In September 10 were killed by a mine explosion at Caerphilly, Wales; 5 by a boiler explosion at Oakland, N. J.; 17 by drowning off coast of Brittany; 6 by mine accident at Newcastle, Colo.; 28 by drowning In the Kulpa River, Croatia: 11 by powder explosion at Ripault, France; 32 by a railroad accident near Bucharest; 7 by fire at Naples; 8 by gas explosion at Newark, N. J.; 13 by a cloudburst in Presidio County, Tex.; 50 by a powder explosion in Cozens, Italy, and 15 by a mine accident at Nanaimo, B. C. In October 74 were lost in a gale on the Japan coast; 20 by a typhoon at Manila; 80 by a tjdal wave in the Sea of Marmora, and 11 by flood in Sicily. In November 170 perished by a storm at Lake Baikal, Siberia; 9 by Are at Hurley, Wis.; 7 by an explosion at Athens. Greece; 9 by mine accident at Pocahontas, W. Va.; 22 by earthquake at Erzeromi; 29 by mine accident at Telluride, Colo.; 8 by a mine accident at Bluefields. W. Va.; 7 by a mine accident at Wllkesbarre, Pa.: 30 by boiler explosion at Detroit. Mich.; 76 by railroad disaster at Seneca, Mich., and 15 by drowning In the Hawaiian Islands. In December 25 were killed by a railroad accident at Kabron. Russia; 20 lost their lives by drowning in Japan; 140 by drowning at Goa, India; 11 by gas explosion at Pittsburg, Pa.; 6 by boiler explosion at Pittsburg. Pa,; 38 by railroad accident at Altenbrechen, Germany; 6 by railroad accident at Melegnano, Italy; 45 by fire at Zacatecas. Mexico; 37 by railroad accident at Liverpool, England; by mine accident, Hartshorn, I. T., 6; by waterspout at Saffee, Morocco, 20o' The loss of life by railroad accidents reported by mail and telegraph for 1901 was 3,669, as compared with 4,169 In 1900 and 3,696 in 1899. The number of seriously injured was 3,265, as compared with 3,870 In 1900 and 3,385 in 1899.

THE FINANCIAL REVIEW. United States Has Sustained Position of Leader of the World. A review of the financial history of the past year should make every American's heart thrill with pride. For if In 1900 the United States fought its way to a position as the financial leader of the world, the last year saw this country so fortify Itself in the first place that its pre-eminence in the financial matters of the world Is assured for an indefinite period to come. Not only was the money center of the world made permanent in Wall street during the year, but the Invasion of the markets of the world by this country that had been gathering in strength for ten years was likewise pushed during 1901 with such success that this country may now fairly lay claim to the Industrial supremacy of the globe. The extent of our invasion of foreign markets during 1901 may be judged from the figures contained in the annual report of the Secretary of the Treasury. The foreign commerce in merchandise for the S 9b C 7ko moY Bhowed a decrease of n lm P° rts and an Increase of $92,281,909 In exports when compared with the preceding year. Comparing the figures of 1901 with those of 1891, there is a decrease of $21,744,031 In imports and an increase of $603,284,181 in exports. The imports of the year 1901 were $823,172,165 and the exports $1,487,764,991, making the excess of exports over imports $664,592,826 Both the total exports and the excess eXports over im P° r tß were greater In 1901 than In any preceding year in the history of our commerce. To say that the country has prospered during 1901 Is a weak statement of the facts The floodtide of prosperity has rolled ahead for the past twelvemonth with ever-increasing strength, and with no indications that the ebb Is to come. T he government’s finances have profited mu C h during the past year. Revenues of the government from all sources for the last fiscal year were $699,316,530.92, and the expenditures for the same period were $621,598,546.54, showing a surplus of $77 - 717,984.38. Compared with the fiscal year 1900. the receipts for 1901 Increased $29,721,099.74. There was an increase of $22 - 253,561.44 In expenditures. The private moneyed Interests, as gauged by the condition of the New York associated banks, have an equally happy story to tell. During the year the New York banks gained in deposits $56 680 600 and In loans $61,507,000.

LARGE SUMS GIVEN AWAY. Liberal Donations Made to Charitable and Educational Institutions. The year 1899 was a record-breaker In donations and bequtsts made educational institutions, libraries and art museums, charities, churches and religious enterprises, and to towns and cities for the public benefit and entertainment, the total reaching the colossal sum of $79 - 749,956, while the year 1900 was a close second, the total being $62,461,304. Both these years must now give way to 1901, which is the record-breaker of the centuries. The total of its gifts reaches $123,888,732, an amount which may properly be called "colossal.” The world has never before known such generosity as this in a single year. The century has opened well for education, art culture, religion and humanity. Of the total amount stated above there has been given to educational institutions the princely sum of $68,850,961. to charities, $22,217,470; to churches, $6,298,489; to museums and art galleries, sll,133,112; and to libraries, $15,388,732. Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan, Jane L. Stanford and others contributed sums running up into the millions. The greatest single contribution was that of Mrs. Stanford, who gave the Stanford university property to the value of $30,000,000. Mr. Carnegie founded scores of libraries throughout the United States, gave $10,000,000 to the Scotch universities and offered the same sum to the United States for the cause of higher education. In the west Dr. U. K. Pearsons of Chicago continued his liberal giving to the smaller colleges. The total contributions made for li-u brarles during the year outside of those made by Mr. Carnegie urast to $2,374,200. Including his, the totnl is the extraordinary sum of $15,237,700.

THE DISTINGUISHED DEAD. List of Tiiose for Whom the World Monro* I* Long. , United State*. Following is the year’s necrology: Aldrich, Louis, actor, June 17. Armour, Philip D_, packer, capitalist and phllanthrophlst, Jan. 6. Archer, Frederick, organist, Oct. 22. Babcock. Maltbie D., clergyman, Jan. 25. Batchelden. Gen. Richard N., Jan. 4. Belknap. Hugh R., paymaster, Nov. 12. Bickerdyke, Mrs. Mary A., civil • war nurse, Nov. 8. Blair, Jacob 8., jurist, Feb. 12. Boutelle, Charles A., congressman, May 21. Bradbury, James W., ex-senator, Jan. 6. Brewer. Mark S., member of the United States civil service commission, March 18. Brodie, Steve, bridge-jumper, Jan. 31. Brosius, Marriott, congressman. March 13. Bunce, Francis M., rear-admiral, Oct. 19. Butterfield, Gen. July 17. Cammack, A. C., brorvr, Feb. 5. Cannon, George Q., mormon church leader, 4 pril 12. Cheney, P. C., ex-minister to Switzerland, June 19. Cooß, Joseph, Boston clergyman and lecturer, June 25. Cramp, Henry W„ shipbuilder, Oct. 3. Croly, Mrs. Jennie C. (“Jennie June”), author, Dec. 23. Cumberland, George W., actor, June 6. Cushing, Samuel T., brlgAdier-general, retired, July 21. Daly, Dr. William H., surgeon, June 9. Deacon, Edward Parker, Boston millionaire, July 5. Delmonico, Charles C., restaurant proprietor, Sept. 20. Donnelly, Ignatius, author, Jan. 2. Donahue, Patrick, editor, March 18. Edwards, Dr. Arthur, editor, March 20. Elkins, Henry King, lumberman, July 20. Ellicott, Henry J., sculptor, Feb. IL Evans, R. G.. attorney, Aug. 25. Evarts, William M., lawyer, Feb. 28. Flshback, William P., lawyer, Jan. 15. Fisk, Franklin W., founder of the Chicago Theological seminary, July 4. Fiske, John, eminent historian, July 4. Gage, Mrs. Lyman J., May 17. Goode, John, botanist, Nov. 17. Gray, Elisha, telephone inventor, Jan. 21. Harkness, W. H., scientist, July 10. Harrison, Benjamin, ex-president of the United States, March 13. Haverly, "Jack,” manager of minstrel companies, Sept. 28. Hay, Adelbert S., son of Secretary Hay, June 23. Howgate. Henry W., captain in army charged with heavy embezzlement, June 1. Hunt, George, ex-attorney-general of Illinois, March 17. Irwin, John, rear admiral, retired, July 28. Kimball, Edward, “church-debt raiser,” June 5. Kyle, James H., United States senator, July 1. • Ladue, Joseph, founder of Dawson City, June 26. Leary, Richard P., captain U. S, navy, Dec. 27. Le Conte, Joseph, scientist, July 6. Littlejohn, Abram* L.,. bishop, Aug. 3. Lorillard, Pierre, capitalist, July 7. Ludlow, Brig-Gen. William, Aug. 30. McClurg, Alexander C., bookseller and publisher, April 15. Meehan, Thomas, horticulturist, Nov. 19. Mlchler, Lieut.-Col. Francis, May 29. Moore, John, bishop, July 30. Moran, Edward, artist, June 9. Mount, James A., ex-governor of Indiana, Jan. 16. McKinley, William, president of the United States, Sept. 14. Negley, Maj.-Gen. James S., Aug. 7. Nicholson, William R., bishop, June 7. Nicolay, John G., private secretary to Abraham Lincoln, Sept, 26. Nlnde, William X., bishop, Jan. 2. Nordhoff. Charles, author, July 14. Peavey, Frank H., elevator owner, Dec. 30. Phelps, Thomas F., rear admiral, retired, Jan. 10. Phillips, Jesse J., Illinois Supreme court, judge, Feb. 15. Pierce, Gilbert A., ex-United States senator, Feb. 15. Pillsbury, John S., ex-governor of Minnesota, Oct. 18. Pingree, Hazen ,S., ex-governor of Michigan, June 18. Porter, Fitz Jon, general, May 21. Raab, Henry, ex-superintendent of public instruction of Ilinols, March 13. Rearlck, Peter A., rear admiral, retired, Feb. 9. Rogers, Jacob, locomotive manufacturer, July 2. Ruggles, Gen. J. M., veteran, Feb. 9. Safford, Truman H., astronomer, June 13. Salisbury, Edward E., orientalist, Feb. 6. Samford, William J., governor of Alabama. June 11. Shaw, Col. Albert D-, ex-commander of the Grand Army of the Republic, Feb. 10 > Sewell, William J., United States senator, Dec. 27. Sllllman, Benjamin D„ lawyer, New York, Jan. 14. Snow, Lorenzo, head of’ the mormon church, Oct. 10. Starr, Eliza Allen, writer, Sept. 7. Stokes, Edward S., slayer of James Fisk, Nov. 2. Studebaker, Clem, manufacturer, Nov. 27. Tanner, John R.. ex-governor of Illinois, May 23. Thompson, Maurice, author, Feb. 15. Trenholm, William L., ex-comptroller of the currency, Jan. 11. Turchin, John 8., general in the civil war, June 19. Uhl, Edwin F.. ex-assistant secretary of state, May 17. Waite, Davis H., ex-governor of Colorado, Nov. 27. Walker. Aldace F., railway man, April 12. Whipple, Henry 8., bishop, Sept. 16. White, Stephen M., ex-United States senator, Feb. 12. Wlgger, W. M., bishop, Jan. 6. Wildman, Rounsevllle, ex-consul to Hongkong, Feb. 22. Wilson, Jere, lawyer, 3ept. 24. Woods, William A., United States Circuit court judge, June 29. Yeatman, James E„ philanthropist, July 7.

Foreign. Abdurrahman, ameer, Oct. 1. Allan, Andrew, steamship owner June 27. Audran, Ijdmond, composer, Aug. 19. • Besant, Sir Walter, author, June 9. Broglie, Due de, statesman, Jan. 19. Buchanan, Robert W., poet, June 9. Conquest, George, playwright, May 14. Crlspl, Francesco, statesman, Aug. 11. D’Oyly, Carte, producer of light operas, April 3. Errazuriz, Federigo, president of Chile, July 11. Ex-Empress Frederick, Aug. 5. Gourko, field marshal, Jan. 29. Greenaway, Kate, artist, Nov. 6. Halil Rifat Pasha, grand vizer of Turkey, Nov. 9. Henderson, John, shipbuilder, July 22. Hohenlohe, Prince von, German statesman, July 5. Hoshl Toru, Japanese statesman, June 21. Kruger, Mrs, Paul, July 21. LI Hung Chang, Chinese statesman. Nov. 7. Milan 1., ex-klng of Servla, Feb. 11. Murat, Prince Joachim Napoleon, Oct. 21. Nordenskjold, Baron Adolf Erik, explorer, Aug. 9. Orleans. Prince Henry of. explorer, Aug. 9. Ormerod, Miss Eleanor A., scientist. July 19. Pretorlxi, Maftlnus Wessel, first president of the Transvaal republic. May

Rothschild, Baron Wilhelm von, head of the great banking house, Jan. 25. Rummel, Franz, pianist, In Germany. Stainer, William,-bishop of Oxford, April 22. Tanner, Dr. Charles K. D„ Irish statesman. Sept. 7, Verdi, Gulseppe, composer, Jan. 27. Victoria, Queen, Jan. 27. Yonge, Charlotte M., author, March 24.

LYNCHINGS IN 1901. Executions Due to Popular Excitement , Show an Increase. The lynchings reported in 1900 showed an increase of eight over those of 1899. A still further increase must be noted this year— an Increase in brutality as well as In number—the record standing 107 In 1899, 115 In 1900 and 135 in 1901. The following table showing the number of lynchings in the last seventeen years may be of valtie to those engaged in the study of this branch of criminology: 1885, 184; 1886, 138; 1887, 122; 1888, 142; 1889, 176; 1890, 127; 1891, 192; 1892, 235; 1893, 200; 1894, 190; 1895, 171; 1896, 31; 1897, 168; 1898, 127; 1899, 107; 1800, 115; 1901, ;35. The lynchings in the various states and territories were as follows: Alabama, 15; Arkansas, 5; California, 6; Colorado, 0; Connecticut, 0; Delaware, 0; Florida, 7; Georgia, 14; Idaho, 1; Illinois, 0; Indiana, 1; lowa, 0; Kansas, 2; Kentucky, 7; Louisiana, 15; Maine, 0; Maryland, 0; Massachusetts, 0; Michigan, 0; Minnesota, 0; Mississippi, 16; Missouri, 6; Montana, 4; Nebraska, 0; New Jersey, 0; New Hampshire, 0; New York, 0; Nevada, 0; North Carolina, 1; North Dakota, 0; Ohio, 0; Oregon, 0; Pennsylvania, 0; Rhode Island, 0; South Carolina, 5; South Dakota, 0; Tennessee, 12; Texas, 11; Vermont, 0; Virginia, 2; West Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 0; Washington, 0; Wyoming, 0; Arizona, 1; District of Columbia, 0; New Mexico, 0; Utah, 0; Indian Territory, 1; Oklahoma, 2; Alaska, 0. Of these lynchings 121 occurred in the South and 14 in the North. Of the total number 107 were negroes, 26 whites, 1 Indian and 1 Chinaman. The alleged crimes for which they were lynched were as follows: Murder, 39; criminal assault, 19; theft, 12; murderous assault, 9; attempted criminal assault, 8; cattle and horse stealing, 7; complicity in murder, 6; quarrel over profit sharing, 5; arson, 4; sus-. pected murder, 3; suspected criminal assault, 1; murder and criminal assault. 1; train wrecking, 1; alleged theft, 1; keeping a gambling house, 1; suspected of killing cattle, 1; resisting arrest, 1; insulting a white woman, 1; burglary, 1; forcing a white boy to commit crime, L Besides these, 9 were lynched because or race prejudice, 3 for unknown reasons, and there was 1 case of mistaken identity.

FIRE LOSSES_WERE GREAT. Year Has Been Very Hard on the Insurance Companies. The year has been especially hard on the fire insurance companies, because it has come immediately after another year of disaster. Losess were heavy in 1900, many companies were forced to quit the business, and those that held on did so in the belief that the worst had been passed and that better conditions were inevitable. Instead of that the losses for the year in the United States are 220,000,000 greater than in 1900. The result has been a number of reinsurances, retirements and amalgamations of companies unprecedented since the year of the Chicago fire, when so many companies were ruined. Fourteen stock companies and eight mutuals have retired absolutely from the field, beside a great number of small mutual and assessment companies. Scores of other companies have retired from the West, the South or both, or have materially restricted their writings in the sections of the country where they had suffered most. - As a result business men needing large amounts of Insurance have been unable to get it, and a horde of wildcat companies and irresponsible Lloyds have been started, to prey upon the necessities of the people. The losses for the entire year are put at 3152,084,414, as against $135,028,000 in 1900, and $119,696,000 in 1899. Life insurance has closed the most prosperous year in its history. The people have been prosperous and have been investing their money liberally in endowment policies and ordinary lite policies for the benefit of their families. It is believed that the total of new business written during the year by the legal reserve companies will be $1,500,000,000, and that their insurance in force’ will amount to $7,500,000,000. One company alone has written over $300,000,000.

BUSINESS OF RAILROADS. Traffic Receipts Enormous, and Many Mlles ot New Track Laid. Keeping pace with the general prosperity of the country, railway building in the United States during the year 1901 has exceeded that of any previous year since 1890, when 5,670 miles of new lines were completed, and the record fpr that year might have been surpassed had the steel mills been able to furnish the necessary cars. The records of the Railway Age for 1901 show that with the returns thus far received not less than 6,057 miles of track have been laid on 332 lines in 43 states and territories. With the exception of Pennsylvania there has been little building In the Eastern and New England states, but there has been much important work in all other sections of the country, the greatest activity being shown in the southwest. The construction west of the Mississippi River has amounted to 3,187 miles, and the states east of the Mississippi and south of the Ohio have added 891 miles, making a total of 4,078 miles diullt in the states south of the Ohio and west of the Mississippi. Official reports to the interstate commerce commission for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, show gross earnings of all the steam railroads in the United States were $1,578,164,202, or an average of $8,211 per mile. The previous year the gross earnings were $1,487,044,814. The net earnings the past fiscal year were $553,007,924, or $35,577,213 more than in the previous fiscal year. The amount of dividends to stockholders last year was $121,108,637, which is $13,000,000 more than the dlvldent payments the previous year.

BUSINESS CONSOLIDATION Increasing Tendency Shown to Form Combinations of Capital. The feature of the industrial situation of the year was the continuation of the tendency to form great combinations of capital qr trusts. In the first eight months the aggregate capital of the new corporations organized was $2,467,355,000, as against $1,865,650,000 for the same period in 1900. The most gigantic of the combinations effected was that known as the United States Steel corporation, having a capital of $1,100,000,000. Its chief organizer was J. Pierpont Morgan. The companies entering the trust were the Carnegie, Federal, American Steel and Wire, National Tube, American Bridge, National, American Sheet Steel, American Tinplate, American Steel Hoop, Lake Superior Consolidated iron mines and the Shelby 'Steel Tube.’ Some of the other combinations brought about were the Al-lis-Chalmers, Amalgamated Copper, American Can, American Locomotive, American Plow, Consolidated Tobacco, N»uh

•American Trust, United Bo», Bow d and Paper, United States Shipbuldlng and the Northern Securities companies. CHIEF SPORTING EVENTS. Americans Uniformly Succes.fal Over Tbelr Foreign Opponents. Sporting-events of importance included the races for the America’s cup, resulting in another victory for the American yacht the Columbia over Sir Thomas Lipton's Shamrock 11., Sept. 28 and Oct. 3 and 4: the defeat of an English team of tnwshooters by Americans at Hendon, England, in June; the winning of the world's sculling championship by George Towns of Australia at Rat Portage, Ont., Sept. 7, and the decision of the international committee at Paris, May 21, that the next Olympian games are to taks place tn Chicago In 1904. Pittsburg won’ the championship In the National Baseball league and Chicago was first in the American league. In the east Harvard was the undisputed football champion, while in the west the honors were divided between Wisconsin and Michigan. In horse racing the feature of the season was the trotting of a mile in 2:02% by Cresceus at Columbus, 0., Aug. 2. Wars of the World. The war which has most conspicuously engaged public attention during the year has been the Boer war. It has now assumed the form of guerilla warfare, and the new year opens with serious losses Inflicted upon British arms. In addition to the South African struggle there has been the customary number of revolutions In Central America, and a more or less sanguinary conflict between Venezuela and Colombia. The pending trouble between Argentina and Chile may be settled by arbitration. The Chinese has been closed by treaty. In the Philippines desultory warfare with strolling bands of natives continues. The list of casualties, including killed and wounded, for the year is as follows: Abyssinia, 7,000; South Africa, 5,377; Arabia, 5,144; Venezuela, 2,583; Colombia. 2,588; China, 1,604; Africa, 1,261; Philippines, 968; Mexico, 421; Corea, 315; Sumatra, 283; Java, 65; Albania, 54; Bulgaria, 44; Macedonia, 24. The total losses for the year are 27,681, as compared with 133,878 In 1900. Strikes Only Slightly Disturbing. Strikes were a somewhat disturbing factor in the industrial world. May 20 the machinists In some of the largest plants in the country struck for a nine-hour day without reduction in wages. About 20,000 men went out. In several cases they were successful, but in others their places were filled with other men. On the 15th of July a strike of iron, steel and tin workers was ordered In some of the mills of the United States Steel corporation to compel the adoption of the union scale. Seventy-five thousand men were effected. Growing out of the strike was that ordered by President Shaffer of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, in August. This ended in September in failure. Strikes Involving riots and loss of life occurred in Albany, N. Y.; in the Telluride mines. In Colorado; among the teamsters in San Francisco and the miners in Kentucky.

Embezzlements of 1901. The record of embezzling, forgery, defaulting, and bank wreckage for 1901 shows a small decrease as compared with that of 1900. The total is $4,085,569, as compared with $4,660,134 in 1900. The statement of dishonesty by months is as follows: January, $345,186; February, $75,500;. March, $413,136; April, $507,185; May $368 - 074; June, $89,000; July, $179,306; August $197,892; September, $121,400; October $698,232; November, $458,758; December $550300. The losses are distributed as followsStolen by public officials, $696,945; from banks, $1,513,496; by agents, $227,700; forgeries, $354,000; from loan associations, $266,315; by postmasters, $18,136; miscellaneous stealings, $1,008,977. Loss of Life by Epidemics. The loss of life by epidemic diseases has fallen off considerably as compared with 1900. The ravages of the plague have increased, the number of victims in 1901 being a little over 38,000, as compared with 20,000 In 1900. Cholera, however, has greatly decreased in fatality, its victims in 1901 being about 5,000, as compared with about 60,000 in 1900. The total of deaths in 1900 owing to the Indian famine reached the large sum of about 579,600. It Is difficult to make any accurate list of statistics of this kind, but, roughly estimated, the cholera and plague last year claimed about 43,000 victims. No returns have been made of the fatalities by famine in India and Russia. Legal Executions in 1901. The number of legal executions in 1901 was 118, as compared with 119 in 1900, 131 In 1899, 109 in 1898, 127 1n 1897, 122 in 1896. 132 In 1895, 132 In 1894, 126 In 1893, and 107 In 18’92. There were 82 hanged in the South and 36 in the North, of whom 71 were negroes and 47 whites. The crimes for which they were executed were: Murder, 107; crimInal assault, 9; attempted criminal assault, 1; and train rot>bery, 1.

Suicide on the Increase. Suicide continues to increase in the United States. The total number reported for the year 1901 is 7,245, as compared with 6,755 in 1900 and 5,340 in 1899. Of this total 5,850 were males and 1,395 females which curiously shows the same proportion of nearly five males to one female for several years past. Physicians, as usual, head the list among professional men, the record standing: Physicians, 33; attorneys, 10; clergymen, 10; bankers, 6; journalists, 6; college professors, 1. In the Stock Market. In May a stock panic took place in New York as a result of the efforts of opposing interests to get control of the Northern Pacific railroad. The stock was cornered and forced up to the unheard-of price of SI,OOO a share. While many lost heavily because of the slump in the values of other securities, there were no serious failures and the effect outside of speculative circles was exceedingly slight. Pan-American Exposition. The Pan-American Exposition opened at Buffalo May 1 and closed Nov. 2. It was a financial failure, due in part to the assassination of the President, but in other respects it was a success. The total attendance was 8,295,073. Stockholders were about $3,000,000 out of pocket. At Charleston, S. C„ the South Carolina In-‘-terstate and West Indian Exposition began Dec. 2, to run throughout the winter. Most Notab'e Invention. In the way of inventions, the most notable achievement -of the year was the successful attempt of Marconi to signal across, the Atlantic ocean by means of wireless telegraphy. The test was made Dec. 12 between a point on the Cornwall coast and St. John’s, N. F„ and the letter "S" was repeatedly sent and received. -- - - X ' V, Chicago Stock Yard'Receipts. Nineteen hundred and one in the livestock trade has been one oi’ the greatest years in Chicago's history. The combined receipts of all kinds of live stoqk during the year reached 16,257,000 head,/valued at $291,800,000, both being the larxfcst on record. with the valuation over $22,000,00* greater than ever before. J

ADVISES YOUNG MEN.

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR., TELLS OF THE ROAD TO SUCCESS. Bon of th. Richest Individual In tho World Talk, of the Trials of Hid Own Life —How He Was Convinced of tho Weakness of His Methods. Before a large number of young men, many of them members of his Bible class in New York, John D. Rockefeller, Jr/, delivered a short address on “Opportunity.*' In an earnest manner he expressed the belief that mere chance has little to do in shaping the fortunes of men, and that opportunity must be sought. He based his remarks on the promise given in Matt vii, 7: “Ask, and it shall be given yoq; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you." “It often happens," said Mr. Rock*, feller, “that a young man in all earnestness says, 'I want to do something for myself, something for my friends, something for my family and something for my God,* and falls to do anything. Then he sighs and believes that opportunity has never offered itself to him. “I suppose that it often happensthat men are the victims of circumstances, but more often a better explanation for failure can be found. Some say that Hobson did that great deed in the harbor of Santiago because fortune favored him. Others who were there were brave and competent and Just as willing as,Hobson, yet the opportunity was only for him. “The reason that one man finds an opportunity while another fails is that the first seeks while the other waits to be called. It is not always so, but at least ninety-nine times In a hundred fortune favors the persistent hunter' and passes by the laggard. “Christ says, ‘Go and knock on the door if you want to get In. Don’t sit back and wait for the door to open.’ So when a man knocks on the door to success and demands an opportunity, he may be a mighty poor specimen, he may be Ignorant, he may know nothing of the task on the Other side of the door, but the fact that he knocks and

John D. Rockefeller, Jr.

demands admittance shows that he deserves to be tried, and in nearly every case fortune opens the door to him and the opportunity is his. “It has been my experience that, though I have been willing to do church work, and felt it my duty to do it, I failed for a long time. It was because when the request for a teacher came, when there was a call fpr volunteers for mission work, I at once said: 'That isn’t my call. That is for one more experienced than I. I am ready, but the opportunity hasn’t arrived.’ “Then I changed methods. I knocked, and the door was opened. I sought an opportunity and presented myself, admitting my unworthiness. My work has been easier ever since. And so it is with all things in this world. In business and in professional life opportunities must be sought If you find yourself idle while willing to work and you think that opportunity passes you by, stop and consider more carefully. In all probability you will find that the fault is yours. “Opportunity consists of one-tenth circumstance and nine-tenths effort Look at the men and women who succeed in the world.' In a majority of cases success has come, not because opportunity ran against them, but because they ran against opportunity with so much force that they carried everything before them. "I believe that the man who has found his opportunity and has made the most of it is more greatly benefited by the results than the world is benefited by his work.”

China’s Fleet for Sale.

Everything goes by contraries, of course, out here. The European of proverbial experience buys a grand piano which, being bought, necessitates corresponding alterations and improvements in the drawing room, and so to the house in general, the result being a removal from the villa t oa mansion. China,, knows better. She buys an expensive fleet, and then, foreseeing the trouble and expense it is going to be to her In u thousand different ways, gets into a quarrel with Japan so that she may rid herself of a considerable portion. That done, the second step is taken. So that all temptation may be removed she gives away her naval ports. Now she puts up to auotlon the few remaining vessels. "Going, going"—and not yet "gone," the troubles and anxieties of a fleet. “Hans in Luck” was nothing to it. Wonderful China! —Shanghai Mercury.