Rensselaer Journal, Volume 11, Number 24, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 21 November 1901 — Page 2

NOTES ON SCIENCE.

CURRENT NOTES OF DISCOVERY AND INVENTION. : Some Causes of Catarrh —A Shoe Sapporting Bracket for Use While Polishing—Ancient Chinese Fire Clocks — How the Eye Sees In Reading. SOME CAUSKS FOR CATARRH. By the rather indefinite term “catarrh” we mean to include certain common inflammations of the nose, throat and ear. The portion of the regions affected Is, in each case, the mucous membrane lining them. This protective covering of the interior of these structures is not only of the same in each, but it is also, by means of various connecting orifices, continuous. , This close union c?r connection results in a common association of disease affecting these various parts. It is a frequent experience for individuals to suffer with a cartarrh of the nose or throat in varying degree of severity for months or years, \yhen suddenly or gradually, a similar disease of the ears may be added, resulting in impairment of the hearing, tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, and less commonly pain in the same region. It may be said that the majority of cases of impairment of hearing developing after youth are due to the aggravated extension of a long-standing throat or nose trouble, which has gradually involved the ear by reason of the unfavorable effect upon the latter of the diseased condition in the adjacent structures, or by direct extension of the disease of the ear along the Eustachian tube —the tube-like orifice connecting the ear with the throat and nose. As to preventing the occurrence of this much-to-be-dreaded result, it is plain that this must,Tor the most part, consist in preventing aggravations of an already existing catarrh in the nose or throat. 1 «- Actual obstruction in either of these organs is only amenable to the surgical skill of the physician. On the other hand, much can be done by the individual himself when the catarrhal condition has not arrived at the stage of obstruction, and likewise to prevent recurrence of the attacks when the normal method of nasal breathing has been re-establisned.

Oil. ENGINES IN PALESTINE.

To what extent the utilitarian spirit is growing in what one is disposed to consider as the dream lands of the Far East is shown by the recently made statement that oil engines are now used in numbers in Palestine for pumping water from wells. The first attempt at introducing the engines there for that purpose is said to have been made about three years ago by a German firm, the engines being small ones of three or four horse power. At first lo one would try them, but finally the agent of the firm in question volunteered in one case to set dp an engine free of expense by way of ■experiment, and this little installation worked so well luat it quickly led to the placing of several orders for more. Since then about sixty oil engines have been set up in different places, practically all the plantation work, about two-thirds of the engines having come from Germany and the others from British makers, the British engines, it is said, growing in favor on account of their greater simplicity cf construction. This is an important point when it is considered that the engines are put in charge of native laborers during most of the time they are worked.

SIIOK SUPPORTING IIRACKET.

It is flext to impossible to hold a shoe in the hand and polish it properly, and it is about as impossible for some people to shine their shoes on their feet. So Henry L. Gardner of Massachusetts, has designed the shoesupporting bracket, which we show in tne picture, with the idea of affording a rigid holder which will allow the proper amount of force to be applied to the leather while the shoe is supported in a convenient pcsition. The

DEVICE TO HOLD SHOES.

holder consists of a bracket for attachment to the wall at ihe right height, from which extends an arm ending in a triangular-shaped head to enter the toe of the shoe. To aid in fixing the shoe firmly on the arm a lever is pivoted in position to force the heel of the shoe backward, and a tongue resting in notches on the upper side of the arm holds the lever solidly against the inside of the heel. The s’bt in the bracket is slightly tapering at the sides to correspond with the end of the arm, allowing the latter to be lifted out when not In use. To place the Bhoe in position the brace is laid parallel to the arm and the shoe 'slipped ovfer the head, when a pull on the brace drives the head into the toe afid holds the shoe stationary for the •wqr£ of blacking. ANCIENT CHINESE PI RE CLOCKS. From a very early date fire was used srsstfKswss dwr by rasping and pounding it, and

thus obtained a sort of pulp of which they afterwards made cords and roda of various forms. For the use of rich persons, they employed woods of rarer species. These rods reached, when made of the more ordinary kinds of wood, two and three yards, and were about as thick as a goose quill. They were burned in front of the temples, and were used for carrying fire from one place to another. Such rods were often stuck into metallic vessels filled with ashes, the vertical position permitting an estimation of their combustion with the eye. Since these rods give no light in burning, they were only used for giving the hour in the house, which they at the same time perfumed. When the rods or cords had a certain length, they were twisted so as to form a spiral or conical figure, which widened out at every revolution and reached

CHINESE FIRE CLOCK.

two or three palms in diametpr. Their combustion then lasted several days, and sometimes even a month or more. They were suspended by the center and were ignited at the lower extremity. The fire then ascended slowly and insensibly in following all the spirals. Five marks made upon these spirals served to indicate the five parts of the night. This method of measuring time was, it is said, so exact that no error oUany moment was detected. It is curious, says "La Nature,” to compare this Chinese device with that employed in Europe in the middle ages. The duration pf lighted candles or tapers also served them to mark the time of night. These candles were graduated just as the Chinese graduated their rods or cords. The Chinese rods and cords spoken of above, while given the time, also served as alarms. When a Chinese wished to rise at night at a given hour, he suspended a small weight of metal very exactly at the place in the rod or cord which the fire was to reach at the hour specified. The moment,having arrived, the weight fell into a copper basin, and the noise of its fall was loud enough to awaken the sleeper. This method was as simple as it was economical, for a rod or a cord, the combustion of which lasted a day and night, cost but three farthings.

HOW THE EYE SEEff IN READING. By dose study of familiar things, surprising facts about them often come to light. Professor Dodge, of Wesleyan University, by a number of careful experiments, has made a strange discovery. He declares that to see, the eye must be motionless. Now that he has told us, it is easy to understand that this must be true. You cannot tr.ke pictures with a moving camera, and the eye is only a perpetual camera with self-renewing plates. The eye must stop motion while it takes a picture. In reading, therefore, the eye does not move along the lines regularly. It takes an impression, moves to a new position, takes another still view, then moves again. Thus the words are taken by groups. Perhaps, following Professor Dodge’s lead, some other clever experimenter will now tell us just how wide the lines of print should be for the easiest reading. Every one knows that very long or very short lines are tiring, so there must be a right length. When the proper medium is found, the chances are that we shall learn that the "old masters” of the printing art had chosen the best widtn for their pages. MAKING WATER BUILD DAMS. Many readers who do not follow the literature of engineering will be interested in the statement that one of the methods employed by American engineers in forming reservoir dams is to call in the services of a powerful jet of water, as in hydraulic mining. By directing such a jet against the upper slopes of a valley, the sand, soil and gravel scoured from the hillsides csn be carried by the force ot the stream to the site of the dam in the lower part of the valley. By suitable management the water not only conveys the materials, but consolidates them in position, dropping the larger stones at the sides and carrying the finer material to the center of the dam. PUTTING OUT FIRE IN SHIPS. A new method of extinguishing fires on board ship has recently been tested at Bremen. It consists In fitting pipes in every compartment of the vessel, communicating with the deck,, and acting as safety-valves through which smoke may ascend in case of fire, thus giving warning of danger, and making it possible to watch the progress of a fire in the hold without removing the hatches. The chief feature of the system 1b the use of carbonic acid gas, to be pumped through the pipes Into the hold until the fire is extinguished. Provision is made for introducing the gas under pressure among the cargo, so that it will penetrate tightly stowed cotton hales. London has adopted the American expression “goo-goo eyes,” but pronounces it “goo-gie eyes." Love is blind. That is why so many women marry men to reform them.— Chicago News.

Self-Discipline.

' The method of maintaining discipline in the state prison at Folsom, California, is declared to be very successful. There are no dungeons or dark cells, and none of the old modes of punishment are recognized in this institution. When a new prisoner is received, he is informed that they have three different bills of fare in the , prison, and that it is optional with each man as to how well he lives. If he Is industrious, orderly, well-be-haved and in all things conforms strictly to the rules of the prison, he is served with excellent food, nicely cooked. He can have chops, steaks, eggs, tea and coffee, milk and white bread; if he is only fairly well-be-haved, and does not do his allotted task properly, is inclined to growl and grumble at the regulations of the institution, he is given ordinary prison fare, mush and molasses, soup and corn bread; and if he is ugly ano insubordinate, he is permitted to feast on unlimited quantities of cold water and a rather small allowance of bread. There is said to be an intense rivalry among the convicts to enter the first class, and once there it is very seldom that one of them has to be sent back to a lower class.

Rheumatism and the Eyes.

Chicago, 111., Nov. 18th.—Mr. R. A. Wade, the celebrated criminal lawyer of this city whose opinion on legal matters is unquestioned, has recently made public his unqualified opinion on a matter of medicine. Mr. Wade says that Rheumatism and Kidney Trouble affect the eyesight, and further that there is no case of the kind that can not be cured by Dodd’s Kidney Pills. He has no fear of being set right by any of his medical friends, for both statements have a living and indisputable proof in the person of the great lawyer himself, “who as a result of Rheumatism and Kidney Trouble from which he suffered for years, became totally blind. Physicians, the best in the country, pronounced his case incurable and hopeless, but Dodd’s Kidney Pills cured him, restored his sight, drove away the Kidney Trouble and with It the Rheumatism and made an allaround well man of him.

Diving on Bicycles.

The embankment of the Tiber, just outside the Porta del Popolo, is the vantage ground from which the most expert members of the famous swimming club, "Rara Nantes,” careering along in midair on bicycles, gracefully plunge into the river and swim to shore. Many of the feats performed by the divers in turning back somersaults while plunging from the bridges or the embankment are really surprising, and always drew admiring crowds. —Traveller.

Bowl Tills! We offer One Hundred Dollars rewardforany ease of Catarrh that oannot be cured by Hall’s Catarrh Cure. F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, a we, the undersigned, have known F. J. Cheney for the lust, 15 years and believe him perfectly honorable In all business transactions and lluanetully able to carry out any obligations made by their Ann. West & Truax, Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, O.; Warning, Kinnun & Marvin, Wholesale Druggists. Toledo, Ohio. Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally, acting directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces Of the system. Testimonials sent free. Fries 75c per bottle. Sold by all druggists. Hall s Family Fills are the best.

Food Luxuries for Soldiers.

All European armies have certain extras weekly In the way of food. Sugar is given in England and France, two gallons cf beer in Russia, half a gallon of wine in Italy, three pounds of fish in Spain, and five ounces of butter in Belgium.

Are You Using Allen's Foot-Ease?

It Is the only cure for Swollen, Smarting. Burning, Sweating Feet, Corns and Bunions. Ask for Allen’s Foot-Ease, a powder to be shaken Into the shoes. At all Druggists and Shoe Stores, 25c. Sample sent FREE. Address Allen S. Olmsted, Leßoy. N. Y.

Ingenious Italian Newspaper Man.

America does not possess all the ingenious newspaper men. Luigi Carreno, a journalist of Rome, in order to get up a story on the Pope’s daily life, seemed employment in the Vatl can as a gardener.

Brooklyn, N. Y„ Nov. 15th.-A medical authority says: "In many families throughout the world Garfield Tea often takes the place of the family physician for practically everyone suffers at times from disorders of stomach, liver, kidneys or bowels. Certainly, from no other medicine can such good results be obtained. This Herb remedy makes people well, thus greatly Increasing their capacity for enjoying life; it is good for young and old." A. G. Jones, the governor of Nova Scotia, is reported to have twice declined the honor of knighthood, offered while the Duke of Cornwall and York was in Canada. PUTNAM FADELESS DYES do not spot, streak or give your goods an unevenly dyed appearance. Sold by druggists, 10a per package. “Lazarre” is one of the most charming romances written in many a year.” —New York Press. The well posted druggist advises you to use Wizard Oil for pain, for he knows what it has done. One of the streets in Canton, China. Is occupied entirely by druggists and dentists. Plso’s Cure cannot be too highly spoken of as a cough cure.— J. W. O Bribn, 322 Third Are* N., Minneapolis, Minn.. Jan. 6.1900. The gifted bride Is the one that gets tne presents.—Philadelphia Record. Have you seen Mrs. Austin's new dre sal To borrow is human—to pay back it divlnt.

FOE WOMEN AND HOME

ITEMS OF INTEREST FOR MAIDS AND MATRONS. Give the Girls a Chance—Let Them Work In Their Own Way—Experience Is the Best Teacher —Fashions In Fan, FASHIONS IN FUUS. Neckpieces run to long, flowing ends. Boas of flat fur are generally made flat and long; those of black fox, black bear and of white fox are round and very large, as well as long. Innumerable tails are brought into requisition to adorn the various types of neck scarfs. Very novel are the square collars in Persian lamb, ermine and other furs, which are arranged so that they form a V-shaped trimming in front and which are finished at the waist with little tails. The combination of two, and even three, furs will be frequent, even In boas. One of the latter, a variation of the victorine type, has a center of ermine with a wide border of white fox finished by two tails which are extremely ful| and fluffy. accompanying muff suggests a huge snow ball, being of the fluffiest white fur and very large, says the Philadelphia Times. Muffs generallyy are of generous size. They are round, but the flat carriage muff will also serve for street wear. Fur trimmed gowns will not appear before December, but there is promise that they will be seen in larger numbers than for several seasons past. Hats, also, will he fur trimmed. One which is typical of the way fur will be used in the winter millinery is made entirely of white lace over a white satin foundation, with black velvet ribbon caught on and beaded through the lace here and there. A slender band of mink fur on the side gives the finishing touch. The fur hats In vogue are somewhat larger than the toques

WINTER HATS AND TOQUES HEAVY AND LARGE.

Large toque of folded fur, trimmed with shaded pink chrysanthemums Toque, with upper part entirely of pins: wings: face trimming of black velvet. White felt hat, faced on edge with black velvet, large black feathers. Strap and rosette of deep turquoise blue.

of yore, and Paris is trimming them merely with soft scarfs of lace. Another style of chapeau which pleases the chic Parisienne is the ribbon toque, yards and yards of wide silk or satin ribbon gauged Into the shape of leaves placed round the brim. The crown Is cohered with ermine, sable or any omer fui 2 harmonizing in color with the ribbon. A toque in geranium red has an astrachan “little beastie,” the head upon one side, and the tall restinj upon the hair at the back. The little animal Is fixed upon the hat with a large pearl pin in a prominent position.

LACK AND VELVET.

Over white, with yoke of white silk mull embroidered with roses in natural colors. The wide pleated girdle under the lace is of figured silk in colors matching the yoke. CONFETTI AT WEDDINGS, Confetti is known to English travelers on the continent at festive seasons of the year. In Paris, for Instance, they know how to do their confetti-throwing harmlessly, gracefully, and with good humor. It is one of the things they do better In France than in England, into some quarters of which the fete day amusement has been imported. But the sport which Inspired Canon Atkinson of Coventry with a clerical Jokelet-rwhich might.

or might not, have disastrous differs from the pastime of continental streets. He means confetti-throwing at weddings. The canon j»vs there “can be no objection to of wUSte satin shoes.” Shoe-throwing la an ancient custom, and means good luck to you. It depends on how you throw your shoe. We know of an instance in which the throwing of shoes caused the horses in the bride’s carriage to “bolt,” knocking down the bride’s father, who tried to stop them, and seriously injuring him. In this case, the honeymoon took the form of six weeks’ nursing. Accidents of the kind do sometimes happen, says the London News. It i 3 not long since a case of blinding by rice-throwing was reported. The custom which has the canon’s innocent approval is somewhat silly. The canon confesses to having more than once tied a shoe to the "axletree at the back of the carriage,” so that the “spectators along the route might enjoy the fun.” The device is certainly safer than throwing shoes promiscuously; and if it amuses the canon without harming anybody no one will complain. GIVE THEM A CHANCE Don’t discourage the girls when they are learning housework by confining them too closely to the prescribed methods, says a writer in the Philadelphia Times. Let them introduce new systems in the kitchen if they like. Let them do as they will, so long as they do it thoroughly. Don’t think that because you were taught to iron pillow slips on the wrong side they must necessarily do so, too. Often the girls go out more than the mothers do, and in visiting the various homes among their girl friends they have an opportunity of learning how other people work. - Many of our daughters leave home and seek employment in mills and stores —in fact, take any work that is offered at small compensation—rather than stay at home when they must go through the dull routine of housework.

If the home work were managed so as to give each member of the family time for the development of dormant taste and talents, fewer girls would leave the comfortable homes and the privileges which they might enjoy under the parental roof for the monotonous life in store or factory. The girls should be taught very early In their lives that housework is not so unpleasant as it is often pictured, and if they are allowed to experiment and use their own judgment to a certain extent, even when they are quite young, they will soon learn to take satisfaction in the results of their experiments that will make them see the pleasant side of their \<rork. They will discover later that our happy home-makers are those who know how a home must be run; and even If they need not do the actual work they will know how It should be done and how to superintend It.

TASTE OP AUTISTIC DECORATORS. What a feeling of rivalry would exist in the bosoms of our colonial forefathers, the several Louises, Napoleon and other notables for whom the artistic furniture and house decorations of the day are named, could they step together Into an up-to-date 20th century residence and behold the splendor therein. Each would undoubtedly feel that in the reproduced furniture of his day is embodied all that is beautiful and artistic, and each would be justified in this belief, for the house furnishings of the different epochs, as reproduced today, represent art and beauty to a marked degree, says the Pittsburg Dispatch. To those who admire straight, stiff, but withal beautiful effects, the colonial, empire and Napoleon furnishings appeal, while the lover of soft graceful folds in draperies and the furniture whose every line represents grace, turns instinctively to the Louises—the XIV. and XVI. Vespectively. Black silk waists, to be worn with odd skirts of black serge, cloth or cheviot, are much in vogue. Benjamin Russell, Hanby, author of the famous ballad, “Darling Nellie Gray,’’ is buried at Waterville, Q., twelve miles from Columbus. The department of fisheries 1b Introducing In Nova Scotia waters the rainbow trout from British Columbia.

St.Jacobs Oil for Chest-Colds. Bronchitis, Croup and Pleurisy.

An outward application for bronchial difficulties is many times far ; more effective than syrups, cough mixture, cod liver oil, &c., simply because it penetrates through to the direct cause, which is, as a rule, an accumulation of matter or growth tightly adhered to the bronchial tubes. St. Jacobs Oil, possessing as it does those wonderful penetrating powers, enables it to loosen these adhesions and to induce free expectoration. Cases have been known where expectorations have been examined after St. Jacobs Oil has been applied, and the exact formation was clearly shown, where the adhesions had been removed or pulled off the bronchial tubes. All irritation of the delicate mucous membrane of the bronchm is quickly removed by the healing and soothing properties of St. Jacobs Oil. In cases of croop and whooping cough in children St. Jacobs Oil will be found superior to any other remedy. St. Jacobs Oil is for sale throughout the world. It is clean to use—not at all greasy or oily, as its name might imply. For rheumatism, gout, sciatica, neuralgia, cramp, pleurisy, lumbago, sore throat, bronchitis, soreness, stiffness, bruises, toothache, headache, .backache, feetache, pains in the chest, pains in the back, pain 3 in the shoulders, pains in the limbs, and all bodily aches and pains it has no equal. It acts like magic. Safe, sure, and never failing.

Big Bets Compared.

Elections have not produced the biggest bets. In August, 1900, a New York firm wagered $250,000 on McKinley’s election, but in 1843 Lord George Bentinck bet $720,000 on one of his race .horses in England. Have you seen Mrs. Austin’s new dress? It costs $4 for ten words by the new telegraph line to Yukon. Some men’s idea of being a Christian 1b to look solemn.

ENGINEER’S LICENSE FIREMEN, ELECTRI^CIANS^tc' 40-page_pamphl(U centaln' ng questions asked by Examining Board of Engineers’ SENT FREE. °f2SMfc£iJ THE HANDY PARING AND SLICING KNIFE /. —_ is a HOUSEHOLD NECESSITY for paring and I 111 slicing fruits and vegetables. As the depth is u regulated by a gauge both paring and slicing are ■ nil —fit perfectly uniform. Therefore fruits and vegem , . . , , tables cannot be wasted. Made of highly tem- ? nd , retai ?. s keen edge. Will pay for itself the first week usin£ Money refunded if not satisfactory. Sent to any address postpaid on receipt of price 25 cents. 3 CROWN SUPPLY HOUSE, Box 299, CHICAGO, U. S. A. FOR COMFORT WHEN RIDING OR DRIVING USE CARRIAGE .id LEHMAN sleigh ™.£!L heaters LEHMAN BROS., Mfrs., 10 Bond St, New York. JAMES W. ERRINGER Mention this paper when writing. Gen. West. Sales « n t.. 297 Wabash Are.. Chicago, lIL -UNION-MADE- ’HT..._ WiLDQUGbAS |wt«<yCs.«iiotsa» asgf ygwssJl Equm«sAtAnrrSc£ Be I I MS^®WLTfiSB2 For Mor* Then a Quarter of a • M $3.00 end s3.soshoes than he can Century lire reputation of WT_ Vy.----'.-/JyiSyyew m set elsewhere. W. L. Douglas Douglas $3 oo and *3.50 shoes' for « ?J^LSS?UL clla lnoro jnd style, comfort and wear has ev- weffiS&wYVgfu 7AVSy/NW JF* 10 f* l< J cs *^ a J l Bn y other two ccllei aU other makes sold at those VWrJjW in tho world, prices. This excellent reputation Vyy'Jf TC3EDhas been won by merit alone w T. r™»* ®P<m haying W. L. Cooglat show Douglas shoes have togive bettersat- 5w d pric * *, taa:: * d - isfactlon than other s3.ooand jam . on bottom, bhoes sent any- xM Ixsßl •** SSEH W. E. Donglas 83.00 and 83.50 shoes IS?L“ ,, , ho ' Tn i Bt?J?J,triedeare made of the same high-grade loath- width ers used, in SS.OO and are lost ag good In every way. 8 068 r BY TELEGRAM FROM THE Waldorf mines **We have just struck a very large ' body of ore in our Commonwealth Mine—too busy taking care of the ore to write ad for this' week.** I 2 FEET OF SOLID ORE GOLD, SILVER, LEAD and COPPER WE GET PAY FOR THE 4 MINERALS THE BIGGEST STRIKE MADE IN NORTHERN COLORADO DURING THIS YEAR. V v w v Sokir of our agents in ths East ara making $400.00 per month for themselves and good money for their friends. This makes our stoek the best purchase on the market £. J. WILCOX, Manager 1038 Emerson St., DENVER COLO. P

Home-Mads Holiday Gifts.

An article made br one's own band is invested with a charm and sentiment that a purchased gift never brings. Five full pages of the December Delineator are devoted to the illustration and description of holiday gifts that may be made at home. Every member of the household, and every part of the house, has been considered in these remembrances, which will appeal as much on account of their ease of construction as their beauty and their utility.

Three-Quarters of a Century.

For seventy-five years the Youth’s Companion has been published every week as a family paper. In these seventy-five years the paper’s constancy to a high standard has won the confidence of the American people. It has kept pace with the growth of the country. Its stories its special articles, its editorials, its selections represent all that is best in American life. For 1902 the foremost men and women of the English-speaking world have been enlisted os contributors. The work of an unprecedented number of new and promising writers has also been secured. Thus the constantly increasing demand for the best reading suited to all members of the intelligent American household will be fully met

His One Chance.

“Goodness! Ido bope our young minister won’t marry that Miss Strongmind.” “I didn’t think you took bo much Interest in him as to care very much.” “I’m thinking of myself, that’s all. If he marries her he’ll never have a chance to talk except from the pulpit and then we’ll suffer.” —Philadelphia Press.

Mother Gray’s Sweet Powders for Children

Successfully used by Mother Gray, nurse in the Children’s Home in New York. Cure Feverishness, Bad Stomach, Teething Disorders, move and regulate the Bowels and Destroy Worms. Over 80,000 testimonials. At all druggists, 25c. Sample free. Address Allen S. Olmsted, Lelioy, N. Y. There is four times as much nourishment in rice as in an equal weight of potatoes. Have you seen Mrs. Austin's new dress? When a man gives his word he should try to keep It.