Rensselaer Journal, Volume 11, Number 22, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 7 November 1901 — Page 3

NOTES ON SCIENCE.

CURRENT NOTES OF DISCOVERY AND INVENTION. Danger to Health in* School Room* —A Wire Fence Convenience —Carved Bale Invented by a Russian —The Smallest Watch. ' DANGER TO HEALTH IN SCHOOLS. Many people who are scrupulously aareful of the health of their children in the home are strangely indifferent to the conditions prevailing in the school. Hygiene in the public schools Is a subject that is yearly receiving more and more attention, with the remit that new school buildings in the larger towns and the cities conform generally to sanitary standards, but this is not true of many of the old buildings and of many schoolhouses in small places. It is the duty of all parents to know how far they fall short, and why, and what is needed to make them healthy. The rules as to contagious diseases Bhould be more strict, or rather more Strictly enforced, and parents should remember that danger may lurk in complaints often considered of slight Importance. Whooping-cough, for instance, is thought by many people to be an unimportant and necessary trouble of childhood which it is better to get over and have out of the way. They do not kndw, or they forget, that while whooping-cough is not a dangerous disease for older children, it Is dangerous and often fatal to very young children, and is easily carried by the children attending school to the babies in the nursery. ■ Too much attention cannot be paid to the question of light in the schoolroom. Many children are made premature wrecks from unrecognized eyestrain, and school visitors may often see small, helpless children .sitting blinking in the sunlight which streams through a large window in front of them, making frowning efforts through the blare to read from a blackboard, and using up in a few hours the nerve force of a week. Light should be abundant and should come from the left side, so that no shadow is thrown on slate or book, as is the case when the light comes from behind or from the right. Another most important matter is the properly constructed desk, which will prevent undue stooping, contortions, or Impediment to correct breathing. In considering the subject of ventilation, there should, of course, be some system In every schoolroom by which air can be introduced from outside and then allowed to escape without using the windows, which cannot always be depended upon on account of drafts and storms. These and many other points should be insisted upon by parents.

WHY SILVER TARNISHES. Although every housekeeper is painfully aware of the tendency of silverware to part with its brilliancy and become tarnished when exposed to ordinary atmospheric influences, many do not know that the cause of the tarnishing is the action of sulphur in the air. Unless frequently cleaned, the surface of silver will become black in the course of a few months. The best way to keep silver bright, without the necessity of cleaning, is said to be to coat the surface with a thin solution of collodion varnish diluted with spirits of wine. After being applied with a soft brush the spirit evaporates, leaving a thin, glossy, transparent Him on the polished surface. Warm water removes the varnish. Tarnished silver may be restored by careful rubbing with a soft cloth wet with dilute solution of potassium cyanide,—one ounce to a quart of water, —followed by rinsing. A WIRE FENCE CONVENIENCE. A wire fence always presents to those who understand the “power” of its barbs a formidable appearance, and, in truth, is an unpleasant affair to cross, either by climbing over or crawling under, -or between the strands. Happily, however, the accompanying illustration shows a convenient and safe arrangement whereby such barkers may be crossed as often as desired, and that without any

A STEP-LADDER.

tension on the wires being lost by cutting a gateway. It is simply a double stepladder, and can be constructed by any one at all handy with tools in a short time, the railing consisting of gas pipe, the lower ends of which should be deeply inserted into the ground. Where a wire fence has to be crossed frequently in somo out of the way locality this device is of great value. BOOH IN THE WEST. It is not generally known that there arg in the United States unutilized areas of land to the extent of 600,000,000 acres. There are times when one Is apt to think that the country is getting a trifle crowded, and one welcomes the opening of little tracts of a few hundred thousand acres as affording opportune relief to a condition of almost dangerous congestion. But all Europe does not possess the area which is Included in the arid region weet of the Mississippi. There’s the rub —it 1* an arid region. But in these

days of vast Increase In the employment of irrigation, the solution of the problem of congestion appears. This tremendous expanse of territory is capable of supporting a population of 50,000,000 people. At the increase rate of only 5,000,000 or 6,000,000 in a decade, It will be a long time before the population of the country has reached 126,000,000. But the preparations must be 'made to accommodate a population roughly estimated by these figures. CURVE RULE INVENTED. In the picture is shown an adjustable curved ruler invented by Prince Anareas Gagarin of St Petersburg, Russia, which will be found very convenient in drawing schools, architects’ offices and for designers’ use generally. With the aid of this ruler it is not only possible to draw a curve of any radius, but also to measure curves accurately, a gauge being provided to indicate the circumference or diameter of the circle formed by a continuation of the arc. The frame of the ruler consists of a series of pivoted levers connected with each other in such a manner that when the adjusting screw is turned the arc of the circle is varied accordingly. The face of the ruler which maintains

the curve is a steel strip suspended from the levers in such a manner as to allow free play between the ends. The adjusting gauge has a sliding indicator attached to the end of the steel strip, and as the levers are moved in either direction this indicator moves correspondingly to show the size oi the arc.

RUBBER FORESTS IN VENEZUELA. Along the river Orinoco the caoutchouc, or rubber, trees are scattered about in families, in forests composed of many other valuable woods. The men engaged in the collection of the raw rubber make entrances into the thick forest on the banks of the stream, and then open tracks penetrating the leafy wilderness. They find from 100 to 200 rubber trees along the course of each of these tracks, although the distance seldom exceeds two-thirds of a mile. The milk, which is white when it issues from the tree, is coagulated with smoke into dark balls, weighing about 44 pounds apiece. Recently the planting of rubber trees has become a considerable industry in Venezuela.

CAKE DISH AND CANDLE HOLDER. Mrs. Julia Alice Earl of Cincinnati has invented a combined dish and candle holder for use in connection with birthday cakes. It has a central vertical tube, with a second tuba coupled to the first one at Its upper end In such a way as to be easily removed. The second tube supports a senes of branches, which in their turn are provided with sockets to hold the candles. One advantage of the arrangement is that any one of the sets of candles may be removed at a moment’s notice, and thus one may have as many tapers as are wanted, or as few. THE SMALLEST WATCH. What is said to be the smallest watch in the worJd has recently been made. It Is so small that you could get four watches of its size on an area equal to that covered by a 25-cent piece. The watch was made at Geneva, where special tools were constructed for the purpose. It contains 100 separate parts and weighs one-thirtieth of an ounce, avoirdupois, The hands are, respectively, one-eleventh of an inch and one-twentieth of an inch in length. The watch has been valued at $1,250.

SCIENTIFIC NOTES. Improvement in Glaaa-Blowing. By employing compressed air, a Dresden manufacturer has lately succeeded in producing glass vessels of extraordinary size. Heretofore, it is said, concave glass could be blown into vessels having a capacity not exceeding about 26 gallons, but by the new process glass bath tubs and large glass kettles can be blown. Breoie Powder. The shining metallic dust that is used to produce the effect of gilt and bronze in wall-papers, printing, lithography, mirror and picture frames, fresco painting, and so on, has its principal source in the bronze-powder factories at Furth, in Bavaria, where this industry has been highly specialized. The material is “Dutch metal,” an alloy of copper and spelter. The larger the percentage ot spelter the more yellowish the alloy. Seven principal tints are produced, varying from golden yeltow to bright copper red. The alloy is first prepared in the form of leaf metal which is afterward ground into powder. ■ :• -

A Pathetic Message.

A. pathetic message was received by Dr. Gould of Rockland, recently from that lonely place called Matinicus. Dr. Gould has a system of pigeons which convey messages from there to the mainland, and there came a pigeon to the homing loft at Tenant's Harbor conveying news of the serious illness of Mrs. E. A. Young. The silent messenger that flew across twenty miles of seas to Tenant’s Harbor was found to have seven No. 1 shots imbedded in her body and wings. With this injury, by a thoughtless sportsman, the bird had flown across with her message, and, true to instinct, the bird had delivered her message. Shortly after the homecoming the bird died. —Kennebec (Me.) Journal.

"Straws Show Which Way the Wind Blows"

and the constantly increasing demand for and steady growth in popularity of St. Jacob's Oil among all classes of people in every part of the civilized world, show conclusively what remedy the people use for their Rheumatism and bodily aches and pains. Facts speak louder than words, and the fact remains undisputed that the sale of St. Jacob’s Oil is greater than all other remedies for outward application combined. It acts like magic, cures where everything else fails, conquers pain.

Mme, Pompadour's Wonderful Library.

A recently discovered catalogue of the library of Madame Pompadour, which was sold at auction in 1765, enumerates 266 theological works, 76 legal, 511 pertaining to natural history, 3,434 to belles lettres, and 4-,892 historical works.

Ladies Can Wear Shoes.

One size smaller after using Allen’s FootEase, a powder. It makes tight or new shoes easy. Cures swollen, hot, sweating, aehing feet, ingrowing nails, corns and bunions. All druggists and shoe Stores 25c. Trial package FREE by mail. Address Allen S. Olmsted, Leßoy, N. Y.

Steel Sheets for Pen-Making.

The sheets of steel for pen making are, in their original condition, eight feet long and three feet wide. From these strips are cut wide enough to permit of the cutting of three or four pens. - Are you Interested In having a little money, frpm •20 upward (In vet ted without any effort on your part) earn for you a permanent caah Income, bigger every week than a whole year's legal Interest upon the same amount? If so, send us your name and address. No speculation or gambling scheme, but legitimate business. First-class references in any part of the United States. E. J. Arnold, Benolst Bulldtng, St. Louis, Mo. When men comfort themselves with philosophy, ’tis not because they have got two or three sentences, but because they have digested those sentences and made them their own; so upon the matter, philosophy is nothing but discretion. —Selden. Plso's Cure for Consumpt.cn Is an Infallible medicine for coughs and colds.—N. W. SamublT Ocean Grove, N. J., Feb. 17. 1900. To lie nowhere is better than to tell the truth everywhere.

Mvs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup.'

iitoiun 1* ouutiiiuK oj A uiii For children teething, softens the Kunis, reduces inflammation, allays pain, cures wind colic. 25c a bottle. It Is easy to despise—to understand is much better. For the real, good old Buckwheat flavor, buy Mrs. Austin’s Buckwheat and don't forget the name. The brave man thinks, of himself last

MR OHIO MADE SHOES! iSRsRH We have the output of a factory, and will send by mail B | ISC prepaid, for 0n1y.... QliDO JBBMMgi., LADIES' FINE VICI-KID SOLID LEATHER SHOES Balk 'ace or button, Kid or patent tip. - C, D, E or EE, MmBJ sizes 254 to 8. These are up-to-date, snappy Shoes, state size, width and tip desired, and inclose 1166. Money refunded If not satisfactory. Address SCfILAEOEL BROS., P.O. Box 202,Pomeroy, 0. SB.OO For this AT YOUR STATION. /aHiiflHHft. /—jahMißsliklft Warranted Accurate fUNßEmuffiSl Other sixes equally low. VH BUY OF THE MAKER Jones (He Pays the Freight.) Binghamton, N. Y.

■ k We 4 H GRANULATED SIOO Sell 4U lbs. SUGAR 1“ ■ with other groceries and mdse.atcnt ■ prices. Valaatl* formulas free to new | customers, send eight 2-ct. stamps r for our catalogue detailing our big [ bargains and how to order. We rebate lt-cts. on first grocery order so catalogue costs yon nothing. Big Money Jor Agent*. s,J. WAS BIS ■xbcastilkco., Importers A Jobbers jauciiio

[FSSare WrL. Phelps Brown's Great Remedy for W Pits, HpHepey and all Werroiie Diseases. Address V ft nmn Bswkwgh, u. ~ ©...CURES..* FISTULA. POLL Em. In 4 to 18 weeks. When Just forming usually cure* without discharging, in four weeks. Humane nnd easy to giro, "rice 60 cts. By mail, OOcts. Treatise (teeupon application CLOUSE k mil, demists, aa> a a a a sa comizios PowDga. 1.11 I I II Pure, harmless, perfect Wr II |• | || Send for free sample. 4 W r S I BUSOHD CHRIIfAL CO., lust ■ 1 fcmU Chicago. 111. nPOPfiY discovery: gives IwlaWr H I quick relief and cures worst eases. Book of testimonials and is Days’ treatment IMBL BS. M. M. UDggg’B SODS. Baa I. tllaata. G*. A SILK WAIST •* made to order for 50e »,° twfndlei loe brings full information. Dressmakers' Asa’n, 1014 Superior St.,Toledo,O. #% O 111 Ikll Habits. Specialty 80 years. Free S 1 W STS Trial. Dr. Marsh,Quincy, Mich. BS Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good. Use fjl Ed In time. Sold by druggists. pH

SBZODORT A PERFECT LIQUID DENTIFRICE FOR THE TEETH and BREATH Me EACH SOZODONT TOOTH POWDER HALL &RUCKEL. New York ARE YOU ANXIOUS^ FUTURE—love,marriage, money, business, etc . 10c. date of birth, acx and stamp, for prospects of the coming year. Prof. J. Alison, Box Y, Springfield, o. HAMKMIF AMERICAN LADY, independIlHlllieunifc ently rich, wants good lioueat husband. Address Mbs. E. 87 Market St.. Chicago, IU. I AUnCI Anything you want, from stock lands at LMIVUO a »2.(i0 to wheat lands at »25 per acre. Write me what you want. w. B. hkllouu, DKAITON. mrtn-

Free p-TobaccoTags NOV.3O™ | „ '«»» . 1902. '•osr&fe star "iatew-, HP® “HORSE SHOE* JEMM “SPEARHEAD” “STANDARD NAVY’ I aJ.T. §*■ PIPER HEIDSIECK” I ® “B OOTJAC K” 9 B wMw W H wk TAG*. tUMUMUCK/UT HH( CUT TBtAttt. & "DRUMMOND"NATURAL LEAF “OIDPEACHAHONEY” -£ss] “NOBBY SPUN ROLL” JPSIf o—o SliLl “miivtad” I® I lAit ra.. 01 Bl E.RICE.GREENVILLE” bKAIfucRTWIST “Master Workman,” “Sickle,” “Brandywine,” uvijnmn, TAOS may be assorted in sbcurinq presents. E| TA * g * < MATCH BOX. Our new illustrated I ** c/, * r 9 CATALOGUE OF PRESENTS I I ei))j§ wiH Include many articles not shown here. It will contain the Ikl ■ JV I'fk *ha**us. \\\W. « Ollm moat attractive List of Presents ever offered for Tag*, end will Ik I U W l/m I b * *® nt by * nmil ° n recei P t ot postage—two cents. IPI j§ 1U MU (Catalogue will be ready for mailing about January ist, 1902.) JmSLJ nw„ni**,r Our offer of Pressots for Tags will expire Nov. 30th, 1903. gafaMWPW—A'TSyjg*" 'l CONTINENTAL TOBACCO COMPANY. u Write your name and plainly on outside of packages I | containing Tags, and send them and requests for Presents to ’ _

HOWE SCALES BEST AI L. KINDS FOR In The World Ts* 2 * 53 ! ALL PURPOSES ..■»i*fi'.v-'.Tril'r l ’" '"gr;. A ,i/ }vnte The only scale with ball bearings. BORDER & SELLECK CO.^h 9 ,^ 1 ' HEAVES IN HORSES Heave sure and safe cure for heave, and pulmonary diseases in horses. AS) lute leave will cure an ordinary case of lieavea ASS order fe guaranteed to ouro any caae of heaves, no matter how long atandlng. S 3 order sent postpaid and M order expreas paid, with full direction* on receipt of price. Give It a TRIAL Sold only hy MINERAL HEAVE REMEDY COMPANY; Nos. 902 A 504 Fourth Ave., Pittsburg,Pa. WORKINGMEN ssSstSSS sarfrent. 8 room house, barn, out bulldlnga. nice orenara, fine spriuv; gi»oci ncißhborhooa; 7 acres culttbalance oalc timber; tillable. Perfect title. *JJ• SIOO down, balance to ault. LOTT “THE LAND MAN," Kansas City,Mo. TO INVESTORS! Money Invested In Sheep and Cattle In Montans Is safe and pays 30 per cent. A small Investment now grows Into large flock In few years. Write forparLSFi'KV, *4“NT A NA UO-OPKRATIVK RANCH CO., GREAT FALLB, MONT. Important to Agents. We flu orders for all McKinley books at better terms than you now get. Mention terms offered, author of hook aiul rtrm you work for; write today. Address P.O. Box -144 Hammond, lud.

ON MAOE i; '#' W: I lOES2j|p|jji Borslbaa a IJa.rtrr oraOnlarr M t*}.- ' ' $3 \ I : W. I„ Douslas $3.00 ami M.tof II , ouifort and wear has excelled m {S39t 9Cfiy» sai y| lold at tlieoe prices, This er f pf*7 'frtl ■ ahas ttf" w £" hymerltalonef %JJ ■ jetton Uian other Jru> am’l I f_y I md SSM shoes rmi«l"x> o niain.M A M tndard lias al ways been placed* I M lie wearer receives more value* A Jl l» the \V. 1.. Douglas $3.00 .11 he call act elsewhere. W. Us more $.1.1X1 and sa.lso shoes lharVWk§&>«aeP3y I cturers In the world. Fast I 11e.n1.. SI sail SS Ml .hoc. .■■«/JT ■ ,j latter, u.ej la *S sad «S .hues, sad I '*?■ CaAToo Fear. I lowoMs ttoret in -Wrtr.in eitiet telling direct from/actorvU one profit; ami the best time dealert evervuhere. V | * Thomcson'* Eyt Watir | w. n, u. Chicago, no. 4s, isoi.