Plymouth Weekly Democrat, Volume 14, Number 22, Plymouth, Marshall County, 4 February 1869 — Page 4

Tli v my Usaaaktte Democracy. The rawlrttffl- of Qm recent New Hfimy-h:r Democratic State convention my brk-ltjr and fairly state what are now the bum cf the greatest importance I wti the parties. We Append the firrt one : Ri . Tbst the Democratic party f ew Hampshire, in convention MNiMMi dvchre their adho-i in to certain prirciple by them hitherto natatataeA, rtnd which, in victory or ili leat. thov Will Hin aneader: Fir?t-The paramonnt adbta4tg authority of the Constitution over 11 department of ramnal nd "' States or the i'nion. to the extent of the powers therein mated S -eond The exemption of every BttH from iinv interference or control not clearly warranted hv the Constitution. Third The ri?ht or wry State to an equal participation in the OTcrnnion'. n .-niranteed by the Constitution. Foii'th The ieparatfon and proper Independence of the Executive. l'irNlaMv and Judicial departaaaa&e, M provided Wf the Constitution. Fmh W o pri vil. ed classes ni: 1 no privileged capital. Sixth An honet ar.d economical aclmini?' ration of the Ooitiia nt tin the rood of the eople. and not in the interest of monopolists and thieve, and plunderers of the p'iMic treasury and thfl national dom-nn." There is not a Democrat in the country who frin I t indorse every word of the above, and majority of the voters in the RepattHcao party win approve the entire resolution. This, not because it Is general, commonplace, ar.d susceptible of a hftltdozen different constructions, but because it declares what the (haily managet lent of the Government shows to be essentia; to th" safety and preservation of the Union oder th-Constitution. The Democrats were beaten last fall Try pr.judices which are d riff dvin out, and by money. The principle' of the partv f ere not condemned by a majori? v of the voters in the Northern States. No Republican newspaper, witb any brains about It, will butt atrainst m single statement in he rrsolu lion. Wherefore let DsMOctata be en-

rared they are riht, and are earning strength ever day. mmehamge. TfceCewrM of Tiling Since the Re pnbliran Party Came in Powr A Tiew from a Bepflfetltau' Stand Point. Final "the New Yoik Commern' -.1 Advertiser (Cassel rati RepshUcsa,) Jan A " The Snrinatipld Iit'nuhh'r.in insists that, before the Senate of the United States admits Mr. Fcnton to his seat, it aHatll hrvMtiMifl the charges aüiiinst him of bavin? obtained it by corrupt means. The Se nate of the United States will do nothing of the kind, for the simple reason that there is no longer any political mor alitv. and miblic virtue is so demoralized thai the greatest rascal is recognized in financial and political circle! as the smart fellow and the Statesman Fi-k and Fcnton par nobel fraPntm. Twenty years ago the Senator charged with venality c tainted with corruption could have held no position in the Senate of the United States.an 1 would have been ignored in Washington society. Not so nam. The Senator or Congrefsnvm who boys his way to place and power by money and duplicity, takes rank with the first men .nd in the best society at the capital. Thirty years ago Kemblc and Bishop were expelled from the Senate of this Slate for being concerned in a tusJsTill rn movement t affect the stock of the Harlem railroad. Less than fifteen years ago a member of Congress was expelled from that body on the mere suspicion that he was connected with some corrupt transaction. l)at how wonderfully affairs have changed! Public sentiment has become dissolute, shameless, hardened, corrupt, profligate, and depraved. Men are chareed at every session ol our Legislature as corrupt, with being bought .nd sold like pffjB, poultry and other groceries. Brazen-faced scoundrels stand ou' in the lobbies of the Legislature, and sell tueir votes as openly ss the razor strop man in Nassau street sells hi-s wares A few may cry shame ! but the gre:.t body is tainted and corrupt, and venality la the rule and not the exception. The Speaker of the Assembly, vho has passed for an honest and well-meanintr man, becomes the tool in the hands of these shameless corruntienists, and ap points them on committees where the can exact toll and carry on their trade to the best advantage. In view of all these things, it cannot be expected that the United States Senat? will investigate the charges made against the Senator elect. Had the Tammany ring carried the Legis lature, and elected a United States Senator with the blistering and damning record that Reribl n B. Fcnton will bring to his sent in that body, the Tribune and all the little Republican echoes throughout the State would have howled shame, shame, disgraceful, " wicked corruption." Rut they are silent now. Fenton is an injured innocent in their eves. With this state of thing? prevailing everywhere, what hope is there to see honest men in high places. " The times are padly out ot joint. ' Grant Staute Baaks. A STATSMUri appeared in the New York Tim. on the tiOth ult.. to the effect that " when Grant began the investment of VickabUTg, the movement was condemned at headqnaxtera, and finally, after the unnecessfa sjsenJI on Vfctobnrs;, in May, an order was sent to Gen. Ranks, then inSSStlaSj Port Hudson, directing him to co sad take the command of the army from Gen. Grant and assume it himself. The order was an imperative one; nevertheless Oen. Ranks did not obey it. He replied, expostulating. The considerations on which that efllcer based h'3 expostuit;on will appear when this remarkable correspondence sees the light. To this rejoinder there came from Washington a second communication to supersede Grant, and when the impolicy of the step was again p fated out by Ranks, he was erereiy censured for his disobedience ol oiders. The correspondence between Gen. Ranks and the authorities at Washington continued till the fall of Vieksburg, when every scrap of paper hearing on the subject was spirited away from the archives in the department, while Ranks, putting the writing! safely by, kept his own counsel. The secret of this critical fMBSSnge in his life was, until a month ago, nnkn. wn to Gon Grant himself." A dispatch to the New York papers dated Boston, Tuesday, Jan. JO. says : " The following editorial appeared in the aT ning Trattütr to day, which is understood t.. be written, or, at any rate authorized by Gen. Rinks himself, who arrived in this city from New York la -t evening .-" " The n et at revelation that an order wis is in d from the War Department to Gen. Banks, jnt nef ,re the fall of Vickshejr& directing him to repair to that point and supersede Gen. Grant, has been made a topic fur comment in newspapers, in all ' ' of the e antry. sit has been denied by ry Btanton, and the truth of the tat -m n' h-ts been called in question by Mr. Dam, who was Assistant Secretary of Vfaratthetimi ; but, notwithstanding this, we have the assurance that the statement is true. "The f . r may a:k, if this is so, how has th fact leaked out now, and why was it withheld from the public so long. In answer to this it may be said that the enemies of Gen. Grant have reported something to this effect before, the matter baring been brought to the knowledge of a B w army oaVess at the time. This has been dented at the War Department, and there are no papers on file there to confirm .ne truth of the report. Oen. Grant never h ard of the st ry until about four week s SfO, when one of his friends e-alled fiis attention to it. Gen. Madcau, of his stall, and a Congressional friend called on Gen. Hanks, and not only learned that the ' ry was true, but obtained from him all the correspondence between himself and the War Department on the subject, he having retained h;i? orders, and guarded them with th more eara when M learned

that Secretary Stanton had disposed ot the duplicates. The contents of these doc

uments were discussed at Iren, urant s headquarters, and a member of the staff communicated the master to the corre spondent of the New York Time, Who first made it public. It may be asked how Secretary Stan ton can deny these trtc?. out moee wno know him bc.t tino little difficulty in answering it. Per hi pi the fact that they are in the handwriting of Gen. Halleck, and signed by him. will be urged as an excuse for his denial : but their content, when published, and we presume Gen. Grant will publish them some time, will show that both Secretary Stanton and President Lincoln knew what was written, and that all was written under their direction. " Officers of the Nineteenth Army Corps knew of this correspondence at the time, and Gen. Banks was urged to obey ! the order, but he ventured to disregard it, and the fall of Vieksburg, a few flays later, vindicated Gen. Grant, and the War Department saw fit to call Gen. Banks to account for his disobedience. He kept his own counsel, knowing that the publication of the correspondence, or the fucf of its existence prior to the recent election, would injure the Republican party, and it is only made public now by the friends of Gen. Grant. "Some weeks since, while Secretary Stanton was talked ol for a position in Grant's cabinet, OUT Washington correspondent expressed the opinion hat, he would not be invi'.td to such a position, and a few ds later about the time Gen. Grant obtained this correspondence his friends announced that he proposed to remain in private life. If it should turn out that he took advantage of his position as Secretary of War to destroy important public documents and especially those which might preve. t his own political preferment, it will te a cause for regret to the countrv that this determination was not reached some vcars ago. New YOBK, Jan 20. The Herald has the following importaat communieation, signed " V ' : "New Yokk Citt, Jan 28, 1869. Seeing the contradictory statements published in the papers ressrdinsjthemcts, or ' otherwise, of an order having been issued from the War Department to Gen. Ranks, shortly before the fall of Yiek.clurg, directing him to relieve Gen. Grant, 1 beg , to state the exact facts of the case, 3nd 1 thus settle this much controverted matter. While Gen. Grant was operating in front ; of Vieksburg, I was employed as clerk in Secretary Stanton's office, at the War Department at N ashington. Secretary Stanton wrote two orders, direcMnc: me o make two copies of them one for tele graphing, and one for filing. The first of these orders was addressed to Gen. Banks, directing him to proceed at once to Vieksburg anil relieve Gen. Grant. The second order was addressed to Gen. Grant, direct ing him to turn over his command to Gen. Ranks on the arrival of the latter, who had been ordered to relieve him. I do not pretend to give the wording of these orders. I have given, however, their exact substance, and they should be on tile now in the War Department, unless they have been removed. 1 will sate, further, that the copies of these orders, which were to he transmitteel by tele graph, I sent bv a messenger to the War Department telegraph office, by order of Secretary Stanton. These copies should also be on file in the latter cflice." ssanarpolitical rrais. The Richm,ond Wfily the Radicals by printing re. ort s upon a column of Northern criminal news under the head of " Northern Civilization." it Is reported that the Sena orial fight at Alb uy, N. Y., cost, $200,000 cash, and a lavish distribution of desirable pat ronage. A member ot the Legislature ha l only to name ins wants and he was promised every thing. Gen. Grant ins'sts upon a rep al ol the Tcnure-of-Office law, on the ground that ntch repeal is necessary to put an end to elMdal corruption. This is an excellent reason in itself, but must prove decidedly weakin its influence upon the present Congress. George Opdyke nd other leading capitalists of New York,b. their protest to Congress against railroa subsidies, say : " It is undoubt dly true there never 1 as been a time in this country hen official c rruptie.n in all departments of the Gov ernment prevailcel to so great an extent as now, and srasaa defiant of the penalties of the law and of public opinion. Indeed, it threatens to so debauch public opinion that betrayal of official trust will be regarded as an evidence of business t;:ct rather than a crime." The Republican newspapers in New York are earnest and busy, and not a few of them very bitter in discussing the question of whether the election of Getvernor Fcnton as I'nittd States Sena tor ought to he contested on the ground that it was procured by bribery and other corrupt measures. The friends of the Governor do not attempt to deny that he employe! bribery. They say that his opponent, Senator Morgan, did the s;une thing. They say, moreover, that, if all men in Congress who were elected by corrupt agencies are to be turned out, it will be doubtful if a ejuorum remain. Probably this is true. Uut docs it therefore, follow that Congress can take no action for the exclusion of men whose elections were obtained by corruption f Is the number of such characters in Congress to be assigned as a reason for one addition to them I Such sctms to be Radical logic. . m The Rich aud the roor. "There-aeon why we do not give some practical proposition whereby the rich may be prevented from becoming richer and the poor poorer, is because we don't know of any," says the New York Tino . Mr. Wells, Special Commissioner of Revenue, thinks the way to increase the wealth of the poor and deprive certain clashes of capitalists of the advantage they now have over men and woman dependent upon labor for support, is to contract the currency ; and in this he is sustained by most Of the Republican newspapers demanding a speedy return to specie payments He acknowledges the faet, and deplores its existence, that the rich are hecomirg richer and the poor poorer, and suggests a remedy. Whether it he the riirhtone will, perhaps, appear from one or two considerations. To coutrnct the currency would make money more difficult to obtain. In a stringent money market, a rich man has a greater advantage over a poor man than ta an easy money market. Mr. Wells' remedy, like most of the remedies proposed by leading men in the party in power, for the benefit of the poor, would result in an aggravation of the evil. It is akin to that " protection of American industry" which the manufviurers of New England extend to the laborers of the country through the operations of our tariff laws. Recent investigations in the conduct of Eastern manufacturing establishments show that no class of laborers in UkS co'mtry suffer more from poverty and the tyranny of task masters than the men and women working in the New England nail Is It the rich became richer by the returns of varioua kinds of husinc s which added to the wealth of the country, und to increase which the poor are not taxe i, there would be no c&uw; for complaint The1 evil Is, that tho laboring men of the : country tr.thl to M to thfl stort of i

the capitalists of the country. Our revenue laws and the financial policies of the party in power are framed for the benefit of wealthy and powerful class, s, through the oppression of poor men and men with but a small amount of capital. The financial legislation of the country is controlled by a few classes, among which are stock-eamblers, bondholders, bankers, manufacturers, and thr sc most mischievous and dangerous pesti swarming in our national and State capitals, ring-politicians. The rich become richer. because they fashion OUT laws. Our legislators profess a great desire to lighten the burdens of the poor, but all laws relating to revenue are dictated hy capitalists. What men in the country are most earnestly at work in attempting to fasten upon the nation the policy of contraction advocated hy Com

missioner Wells ! Are they not the bondholders and the bankers of New England? They are afflicted in contemplating the marcn 01 poverty, out iu ireau increases th ir wealth. The money out of which the poor are swindled hy elasfl legislation goes into the coffers of men who devise such legislation. The bondholders art paid yearly $biO 000,000 in gold. They pay no taxes, ex-, cent an income tax. which, in comparison with their receipts, is too insignificant to mention. Who do p-y the $130 000,000 in jrnld ! All of the men who buy any article whatsoever upon which a duty is laid. If t lie clothing bought by a laboring man for himself and family has cost him 400 the past year, $200 of that sum has been paid toward the 10,000,000 in geld which the bondholders rec eive. Mr Wells says that, for every dollar the Treasury gets from cirtom duties, the people of the country are taxed two dollars. Thus it is seen that to get the $130,000,000 costs (O.OOO.COO, and this sum is mainly paid by poor men and men with but small -,ip ital Ilere is one of the processes by which the rich are made richer and the poor arc made poorer. And now comes a Republican newspa per, second in ability, prominence, and influence to none in th country, Faying "We don't know ol any proposition by which this state of affairs miy be remedied." The statement is not' true. Its author knows that the Democratic press has proposed, times without number, to partly reduce our customs duties, and tax the bondholders. This would remove one of the inequalities ic legislation which give the rich man an advantage over the penr man. Tax the bondholders ; abolish the National Rank circulation; wire out the swindling tarilf laws; pay the national debt in currency, as was the bargain ; cut down Government expenditures; educate a ge neration to regard us infamous a lepistor who will enter a ring or be controlled by one; have done with the infamy of class legislation; tax capital; relieve laboring men from taxation and the rich will not become richer by the operation of laws which make poor men the slaves of capitalists. Chicago Time. Another Grand Outrage. We presume the read rs of the Republican will share with us both the surprise and the indignation produced by the news :i itthe?House of Representatives at Washington yesterday denied Colonel Switzler's right to a seat in the pr sent Congress, by a vote showing a majority against him of twenty-live This case has been so often stated that it 1 i-j scarcely necessary to refer to its features again. Colonel Bwitxler received a majority of the votes caM in the Ninth District off this State in the election of 1866. The Secretary of Stat, "threw out '' the returns from the county of Callaway, and gave the commission to Mr. Anderson. Colonel S. contested. The Committee on Elections of the House, after a patient and exhaustive examination, declared, with but one dissenting voice, th it the Secretary of State had no right to exclude the Callaway i vote, and that Switaler was entitled to 1 the seat held by Anderson. The report was made toward the etsc of the last adj journed se ssion ; but the Souse decided to postpone consideration of the matter in , order to give Anderson an opportunity to 1 prove the disloyalty off Bwitxler. The other day the committee again reported, declaring that the charge of disloyalty ; was not sustained, and that Bwitzler was entitled to the seat. There is probably not a member off the House who has looked Into this question that does not know that Bwitxler is the only person legally qualified to represent the .Ninth Missouri District. The vote ol yesterday, theretorc, may be added to the other cafes in which Congress has, from purely partisan motives, reversed the will and wish ol the people. Missouri Repub lien. Diamond Cutting. Tiik art rennires thit the rntter should i iuve extraordinary skill for working the atones, of which the smallest often do not roach the size of a pin head so sm ill that it takes hundreds of them to Weigh c irat ! Nothing equals in this respect the skillfulness of the workers of Holland, and one is (mite contounue 1 when one sees stones of such small dimensions tmt into twenty-four faces, perfectly equal and regular. This is not, however, the only uimeulty tne diamond cutter has to sur mount ; it is the cleaner who has to make choice of the form to be given to each par ticular 6tone. It is he who must decide, after a minute examination, how each par ticular diamond ought to be cut, whether a brilliant or a roso; he determines the choice by an endeavor to lose as little mat ter as possible. Rut this is not all. It is necessary that lie should recognize at the first glance in what way it is convenient to attack the stone, which is not uneasy matter, for if his measures have norbeen well taken, it may perhaps occur that twenty-three fices having been already cut, the twenty-fourth would require tobe cut on an imperfect part of the- stone; und so it is found impossible to continue. The cut'ers and polishers arc often thrown out by finding unexpected Haws in the stones, as they proceed with their work. The color, too, often changes; se that sometimes it is ejuite impossible to tell how a eliamond may turn out; and, as in the case of the Koh i m-or, one portion of the stone may sometimes prove to be a gretdeal harder than another part ; and it, while cutting, the diamond be allowed to remain too long on the schyfT before being taken off to cool, it might melt the lead In which it is set, nd so, 'by chng!-ig its position, eto very seriojBS injury to tin stone. In cutting "the Koh-i noor, it was necesanry at times to increase the "evolutions of the schyff to three thousand per minute, in consequent e of the extraordinary hardiness of some portions ofthat most valuable gem. Chamber Journal. A Bad Memory. A witness in a criminal CM, a low days since, was being prced through a very severe cro examination, when the following traupired: Judge. " When were yon married the flm time, Sir?" Witness ' Well, Jndee. (mtlinjr really 1 can't tell. Tb .'act is, I mdn't take much iutereM in the matter." T ndge H. PerhBp yon ran tell up when you won; mrrlrl the second time?" Witness WeU, I riTjir. JadgB ya mKvm me naln. I took k'i- interv-t in Um last one than the first.' odseH.- atowtag a disposition to throw his chair) Well, wir ; I ni u-t "iifVr--you h . in admirable memory. When did tl s Rebellion bejrjaf" Wltnest " What Rebellion?' .Fiidf' II "Why, thfl late difficulty iKj'iWeen the North sad BoStb Witness O, taat HtUe mlsaatfentaodtaa I wall, I don't see what Mi n ha to do with Ihi bms, imt i bauero i began bosm Urne are don't J-'"' recoiled whan J h- witness was ord red i'lVJ' ,wM"' n' f' 'HTeaÄraiuaisoaft1 Wivkk IVuNimiKn. A bo irdo! -I , : . ,,:!:;Vr',"',rl ? ln"Mi r'.' ' ft'Jt "rM"

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How to Render Sandy Laud Compact. We hae often seen it aJvised h plow sandy land shallow, because the soil was already too loose to nllow the roots of the plants to gain sufficient hold. On the other hand, it Is recommended to BUhsoll clayey land for the purpose of rendering it lighter. At first thought it would sem as if this advice was correct, but does it accord with our experience? Is it. true that land is rendered les3 compact by working it, and working it deeply f Have we not all st en that soil dugout of a drain or pit and then thrown back, though it more than filled the place fr..m "which it was taken at first, finally failed to fill the excavation from which it was taken ? Who has not noticed the sunken graves in the burial-yard of their neghhorbood? They were rounded once, what, has caused the prient depression V It is hard to answer all the questions nndorstandingfy, but we all are witnesses to the truth el the state ment Every railroad engineer and contractor knows that an embankment built from earth taken from a hill does not, alter it has become settled, contain as manv cubic vards of enrili as the cut from which it was tak n would indicate. Some new arrangemei t f the par'ieles or some other cause has occasioned tins compres sion, which, in road-making. ir called " shrinkage. Now What takes idace on a Iirge ?cr.:e in roadmaking, occurs on a smaJl Scale in plowing or otherwise working latd for the purpose of getting to a crop, lnc shrinkage is exactly in proportion to the depth we go below the surface, in view of this fact .shall we plow clayey lands deep f r the purpose of miking them per manency mellow? We think not. But we do think it would be advisable to not only plow deeo, but to subsoil sandy lands, for the purpose ol rendering them more compact. The quality of the foil of clayey lands mry be improved by bring ing the portions that lie deep to the sur fice, where thev will be acted on bv the air, frost and perhaps heat ; but unless some such foreign substances ns sand or vegetable matter be incorporated with it, it will in a short time be more coropnet than it was before it w9 districted. On the other hand advantage will doubt less come from plowing sandy land as dcen'v as possible. Wnere the oiuect is to prepare the soil for a hay field or per manent pasture, it is not improbable that bv means of deep plowing, we break up the somewhat regular strata of sand f different siz s and mingle one with th other, thereby causing the whole mass to occupy less snacetiian betöre, ine r we can psck a given amount of sho of different sizes together closer bv mingling the different sizes, than we can hy placing them in regular laver3 according to their size. Prairie Termer. The 15 v( Way to Store Malar Farmers are ofren perplexed as to the best means for storimr their winter-made manure. As an almost universal rule they seem to have fixed upon the side of the barn where there is the greatest drip from the eaves. This nractice is so evidently a wasteful one that more careful men adopt various devices to avoid the rxcj-sive leaehincr of more than an ordinary rain fall. They pile their manure in larre heaps in the field, put it under sheds, de posit it in cellars, and distribute it in small heaps on the land where it is to be used during the next season. The practice of carting manure directly to t tie held whore it Is to bcierl is b bag more and more common, and spreading it broadcast, to he plowed under or har rowed in the spring. The efforts of agricultural chemists and agricultural writer- during the first fifteen or twenty years of the existence of the science ot agricultural chemistry, were devoted chiefly to an endeavor to disco'irarc this latter practice. Thev insisted that the loss hy evaporation was po greal that the farmer could hope for only a tithe ol the benefit to be derived from a more caretul use of his fertilisers. During the past ten year, however, jigriculiural writers have had their eves opened to the faet that this opinion with regard to loss by evaporation was probably wrong. Tne very careful experiments made bv Dr. Voelckerat the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester in England, prove cicarly that the very best place in winch manure can be put, both to prevent loss and to insure the even distribution of its soluble and fertilizing parts among the particles of the soil, is on the surface of the field where it "13 to be used, spread as evenly as possible, and without reernrd to loss by evaporation, it beinga faet that there are very few volatile substances de veloped in the decomposition of manure, except when it is thrown together in such masses that its decay is attended with the evolution of sensible heat. Of course, it would be folly to apply manure in this wav on lands which slope so rapidly as to suffer seriously from surfsee washings, or on fields so situated that they receive sur face wash from other land- lying above and adjacent to them. The best receptacle formapurc, until it can be hauled out ard spread as recommended, is a cellar directly under tho anima's ; the next best, a well covered snea neninu mem; tne next, a well built heap so situated as to receive no water except the actual rain fall upon it Almost the worst of all is a barn-yard where the manure is being constantly turned over and disturbed by the trend of cattle, exposing freshly decomposed pari to loss by evaporation; and "the v worst of all is under the drip of a Mrn roof, especially where there is a conven iently arranged gutter to carry info the highway, or on to a neighbor's field, o? even upon one place on our own fields, the brown liquor which contains the most valuable constituents of the heap. A meri ran Ayri r il f unfit. lV.il It In Farming. Tun idirht of ti new barn eighty feet long by fifty in width, built In the most substantial manner, and with all the np pliances tor nanming and storing crops easily, and for making manure on a lar e seile, is an indication ot that faith which is so oiten wanuDK upon me farm, 't here it U man Who believes in improved husbandry, and is willing to invest ten thou Land dollars, or full half of his capital in a barn, lie bal no doubt that he can so manage his firm and barn as to get back the interest on nil the money forested In it. In his view the barn is worth more to h;m than the fame amount f money in vested in brina st ca or in Uoveninient bonds. This kind of faith is still the exception among farmers. Very few live up to the, li.dit they have, and are wiliing to invest their money when they have eTery reason to believe it will pay well, iney Know very wen tne emciency of well-made yard manures, and leel the need of more of them every year. Yet they hesitate about putting a cellar under the barn, or building sheds ami hovels around the yard, for the purpose of she tcring the manuie, .t:.d the men while they are at work upon the COIUpoat I. c aps in BtOfmy w eather. They have muck and peat nough to learn Its gn at value, and yet they hesitate about uaug labor enough to keep a large stock always on h i nd. Few Intelligent men d not the great waste of feeding cattle at the stack in the winter, and yet they do not provide the necessary barn room or pheds to protect the I- ....l tl. Ml r . t . iiiiiiiiiiitumi jiavu uie sdmiuk o iau iooW r. They follow the old waeteftd methods ;,ta!niv, Iwau custom ha üi.lo tlunn

easy, it is conceaeu oy an wno nave uwu them, that we have new varieties of p ta-

a ai ii i 1 a. i 3 toes m re proline thau the ohi, much less lia ble to rot, and of fair quality for the table. And yet the mass of farmers cling to the old, in spite of the rot, because they have a well established nputatiorj in the mar kets, and sell well when they can be raised. They hesitate to buy seedlings that have been thOTOUgely tested aoid are fully indorsed by cur heat horticulturist. This want of faith is thfl reason, mainly, whv agriculture docs no: improve mrre rapidly, and why other callings are crowded with r.dventurer at the expense of the farm. The merchant makes ventures, whenever he sees a good opport nity, not only investing ail his spare capital, but often all that, he is worth, in a single enterprise The venture s of the firmer would never ic ? largely :inu suddenly lucrative as those of the merchant sometimes prove to be. bin then he runs no such risks. It is .sate to mace mm a ventures in barn cellars, and mine very great enlargement of the manure heap, In underdraininc. in lime and clover, in improved tools and rieties of fruits stock, and in new vaand vegetables. We should show by our investments that we have faith in our business, and thai expect to make a living by it, and get handsome return.:; lor our capital, i done, our young men will quit measuring ribbons aud tape, and go to measuring; iand and working it. Let us have both. American Aftriewwritt. CeQfiied Food l;r swine. Mt first experiment was with old c;n three iorm viz : sneueu anei im whole; ground and made into slop win . . . . , M A 1. ....... 1. T m. co:u toller i aa irrouua auu invroayiH-j cooked. The pigs, five En number, were from the rame litter. Ir ach ease the food was given them as fas! as consumed, and all possible care taken to avoid any waste or UiegularitU b ot feeding , ha e7ery case of & change oi food three day were allowed before the weighing for the experiment, in order that the effect of a tttaVfe tod entin change of i i . ir i i a ;h-; murin n-i auci i'.c result. I found that five bushels of whole com made 4i li.. ot poru. rive ousnem lee i;iilhr'.s (ll) of corn, ground and made into thick slop withcold water, made tt3. of pork. The same amount oi meal, well boiled ar.d fed Cold, made $3$ lbs of pork. ith the whole corn the pigs had the slops from the kitchen no milk), and f r drink with the boiled mush, one or two quarts were thinned with cold water or !op fiom the house: in each cae the house slop was used in some form or other, but all the milk was reserved for imall pigs. The fifteen bushels of corn cost $1.:J0 per bushel ; and thee Will no tice, that while the pork made from t;ie whole corn btrlf paidfor the that from the same amount of ground corn cooked, paid the whole cost of the corn nd a little more than on tUU9f per burner over, and that tne economy ot grinding and making into slop will fully warrant the extra trouble and expense. How could it be otherwise, when the whole economy of profitable feeding consists in bursting or breaking the indigestible hull which encloses the minute particles of food ! In the above experiment the dat a are based upon pork at 14 per cwt.,and corn at $1 JiO per bushel ; but it will apply as well to other prices. The second experime nt was exclusively ith new corn, in two firms, viz : on the car, and shelled and ground before boiling; and all in each c.ise were what is known as " nubbins," or soft, corn. The best of this cla?s of corn wv.s reserved for the pigs and the worst fed to the cattle. Ten bushels on the cob made 29J pounds of pork, fed in the usual wav. on the ground. The same amount shelled, ground by horse-power, and wc'l boiled, made 14 pounds of pork. Of course a portion of that fed on the ear was wasted : but it is the common plan, and forms but a fair test of th2 comparative merits of cocked food. 1 have m ide no experiment with sound new c rn, but may have a favorable opportunity before the staon is past: but wouid suppose that my experiment with old corn would form a good criterion to fudge by. lhee afks for any indirect points which may have bee:; noticed during the experiments. I have found that there is economy in allowing the food to become thoroughly cold before it is fed ; that in this state a larger amount will be eaten, with more apparent good appetite; that while scalding is beneficial, thorough and prolonged cooking und r prtture is more eco nomical. In more than one case I fastened the lids ('1 the banela down until the pressure was a? high as five pounds per square inch in the barrel aud steamer, and an examination into the condition of t he food convinced me that its globules M ere thoroughly bunted, and it was all or nearly all rendered available During a given time, the same pigs will consume rather more corn cooked than uncooked. Having eaten various portions of one of the above pigs, fed almost entirely on cooked food i col !), and having assisted In killing all ol them, 1 must say that the prevalent idea that the meat ot such a pig is not as nrm as u KCl upon uncookea food, has proven in my case to be errone ousthough l am not prepared to say what the result would have been had the food been used while v.arm or hot. Cor. r 'tic ü Farmer. useful it::cipts, etc. A BIHGLI drop of the oil lavender, it is said, will prevent ink from mouldineas. Tin: more comfortable you can keep your animals, the better they will thrive. Prof. EIobsvord claims that the be 11 iiir can only be made from thoroughly ripened grain, and that more is lost by cutting Lrraiu early than would be by the shelling of the fully ripe grain when liar vesting. fiOAST CBIt KKN. Dress it; spiiukle a little salt and Hour over it ; fill the sauce pan with water, and cover the whole with another sauce p:in. Set in the oven till thine, when it will b- found to be de licious. Foam Sah b fob Pi ddin s. Onetcacup of sugar, t o thirds of a cup of but ter, one teaspoon of flour; beat all to get her until smooth ; then place over the lire, and stir in rapidly two pills of boiling water; season with nutting; soda the size of a iiea. Bonk Ff.i.on. The London Lancet, a high authority, giv 1 the following renpe tor the cure oif these painful things: As soon a.i the pulsation which indicates the disease is felt, put directly over the spot a fly blister, about the size of your thumb nail, and let it remain for six hours, at the expiration of which time directly under the surface of the blister may be teen the felon, which can be instantly taken out with the point of a needle or a lancet. Campiiou Cerate Take one and a halt ounces ot spermaceti, half an ounce (d white wax, and scrape into a little earthen pot; adit fix drachms of powdered camphor, and pour on the whole four tabksapoonfuls ol the beat olive oil. Place In a small tin pan of boiiing water; when disolvcd, stir it well. In ten minutes pour OsT Into jars, or let it stand in thtf nie it wai melted in. Itubbed into the IhjM at night it prevents all cracking; it also whitens the htuids and keens these smooth, B M i TTY Cohn Akfectino Cattt.b. Some cattle having died at West Snringfleld, Mbs.: prof, (Wwpfl w.i rid1".! fv.i

decided that the disease WM undoubtedly caused by the smut en the corn with which the cattle hid been fed. He pre- ... , , - -.. Cribed purgatives for the cure of the Uy- , ing, and thought with proper and timely care there would be little dificulty in av- ' ing the lives of cattle which i re attacked. His prescription is a pound of Epsom

salts, an ounce ol al s or live ounc:s oi sulphur, and two ounces of ging r, the whole mixed in water and poured down the throat of the sick animal To Pr.EVF.NT Guns from Rüstoio. For the bene lit of such of our readers as pride themselves on the condition in which they bring their guns into the field, I oder the following recipe, given me by a sportsman of no little experience, and which I tried on his recommendation and f und to be pc-Tfectly satisfactory. It is as follow! : 20 oz. finest olive od, 1W oz. spirits turpentine. This is to be rubbed on the gun b rreds with a rag, and also i::;idc, leaving th m with the oil on and not rubbed off until wanted to Im used, This, during an JT damp weather, I am sure will keep guns in lirst-rate condition. London rte'd. . , Tin: BEST Bkeeo of Cows. In a late article discarding this Question, the New tsngiana Farmer remarss: inc (picstiou, then, wliich is the bct breed of cows, like the question which is the best grape, must be answered by reference to local considerate s. Theie is no one breed ot cattle, and 00 one grape, that is best through ml cur widely extended country, with its gre:.t, diversity of soil and climate Tiiat breed or plant is best Air any loeality. that is bet suited to the aoil orclimate, or iokou uesa lenas tne oDstacies to its thrill and nnnnlation WAviilMniAarith a single remark never keep a poc.r cow of any breed, and especially', neve- at- : ttmpt to raipe her progeny."" To Clean Bsuaa. Hub the surface t the metal with rotten stone and sweet oil, tnen rub off with a piece of cotton flannel, and poliali with pott lratbef A solution of oxalic acid rubbed, over tarnished brass with a cotton rag soon removes the tarnish, rendering the TOet:l bright. The acid mtu t be washed ojr v ith water and the brass rub! d with whitening in powtler and Soft leather. When acids are employed for removing the oxide from brass, the metal must be thoroughly washed afterwards, or it will tarnifh in a few minutes after being exposed to the air. A mixture of muriatic acid and aluin dissolved in water imparts a golden hue to brass articles that are steeped In it for a few seconds. Ecch'tngc. AII the Fat G-oeg into the Pail." Tins truth cannot be too often repeated. A cow that is a good milker should be fed liberally, not only while she is giving milk, but while she is dry. Ali the fat she accumulates before she calves will find its way to the pail during; the summer. There is no period at which a cow lays on fat .c 9 rapidly a.3 before she calves, provided she has food enough. It is a wise provision of nature. And yet many farmers feed nothing but straw aud cornstalks at this period. Because the cow Is not giving rank they thnK it will not pay to sup more food tho n is necessary to snstain life. Frequently the poor cows are not even provided with ueiter irom me storm. And it is a mystery how they manage to digest straw enough to keep up their a: imal heat. No wonder that many of them have to be "lifted" J J the spring. There is nothing that pays so well as good shelter and good feed tot cow - during winter, whether they are givincr milk or net. Every pound 01 f.u stored op before calving will, it' the cow is a good milker, find itway to the pail during the cummer- An a pound of tallow will make more than a pound of butter, because the former con tains from 15 to 20 per cent. American A?ricd(t'tit. Stirrm? Soil around Trt c. The opening or lightening the soil around the roots of trees, in the spring or fall, for the purpose of letting in warmth, and affording a freer medium tr the expansion an I development of the roots, is of great value in promoting the health and vigor of the tree. AH trees, whether fruit or ornamental, young or old, indigenous or exotic, are vastly benefited by this process. In old orchards, the soil about the trunks of the trees, and to : considerable distance from them, in ever direction, should be carefully breken, the upper surface, to the depth ot three or four inches, removed in the sprinp, ever' four or five )ears. The epgs of the curculio and other insects are deposited in this stratum, and if not removed or des troyed, will produce insects, thd ravages of which the succeeding year will be productive of far greater loss than the expense of removing the soil and replacing it with compost or loam, It is an uttei lv hopeless undertaking to attempt the cultl vation et good fruit, when no measures are resorted to to obviate the Intal rv ;i -of this detestable anel insidious foe; and the remedy now suggested is by no means expensive, if we take into consideration the advantages otherwise resulting to the trees Crom its application. A ny good soil, taken from the open fields or cultivated lands, may be used as a substitute for compost, and a very small quantity will suffice. Even if no fresh matter is applied, I would recommend the removal of the surface soil, and would replace it when convenient. Chip mature, or old dung covered with straw, answers well for this purpose Cor. Qtrmanimn Tdegraph. To Clean Sable, Ermine, .Mink, etc In order to have the skin freo for treatment, the first thing to be done is to unpick and take out ali silk lining, wad ding, etc., that may bare been used in making up the inull or tippet. Then take one gallon of water, halt a pound of white or best mottled soap, and a handful ot bran. Cut uo the soap ami boil it In the watt'r until it is dissolved ; then let it cool till nearly lukewarna, and m'.x in the bran. With this fluid almost any kind ot fur may be cleared. A honeycomb sponge is the best material to use in applying the fluid, the object being to dcansa the fur without wetting the skin more than can b; avoided. Baring cleaned the fur with this fluid, stil! warm, it must next ! thoroughly rinsed with clean water, well blued in the usual way. The same sponge will do for this purpose as was med in the first instance. Alter this treatment th'fur must be dried as quickly as possible, but not before a tire, anlest at some tanee from it, shükir.Lr the skin repi -at. dly while it is drying, to prevent the hair from matting together. It' the skin has become wetted by the operation, and t!ri s hard.it must be rubbed soft before it is made up. Finally, the fur will require good deal of brushing to brinjr the hair once more to follow the grain of the skin. Another and more simple way of partially cleaning fur is merely to brush it. using dry pipeclay on the brash. This method, owever, is better suited to keep fur clean when it ia so, than to renovate it v. hen much soiled. Exchange, We see it ptittMi that ftlclioei saasefasa can be made perfectl" water pro ! andei any cireumstancos, by dippiup tlum, when ouaspVeled in the ordinary way, in a solotion formed by adding two pirta of glycerine tt one liundred of OOlloOJOSL Wm vt i; the dfflerenee swtween killed soldiers and repaired garments ? The tirst arc dead men, tae second men ded. Pennsylvania faskionAbb- It w a

Testimony of a Prominent Physician. Dr I. T. P.aker. a ki'.lful and widely known Jyetaui of twenty jrean vtandteg in Cneaater. pa irivoc bis opinion of a popular household nclyn the foiWini: lotte : V i w a-tkh. Pa.. Nov. isss. Dn s. b. Hartmax Jt Co.ßemr pjgj Paring LtffiaTcffWi BITTERS poapereouceuffti rine from DrpeppU,

I.n of Xoivoi Ki - ivv. Sexual Woifc ii.--, vrrhp. A-c. If.-mi'.lieJ witp .r-- litv'd by o.t.t-r t.ht.ir i'in. yri'nriiimr in Ihn II im.' Ol -a hl". A . : - i,a?,;r and Hydropathic ?chooK and only a coiii ,1.1' . ! fc W V . V " " ' "I , paraiivt'iv ltw piTiuaiivii' rurm v-u'"- rii f other l and. I hive never kn-.wn the Bittere to I j producing th desired refr.lt. and I etill mre m ; in tlm treatment of such complain!?, wit" higlieet saeeeas. I have no hentaUon i'i -1V ! that I eoasMer MI8BLER 8 HERB BITTKKS tno , UMtefflcarionr rcmu'v ever discovered ff' eaes arista? from a disordered stom:tch. Kidney, Bowels, Langi tad Heart. Yours tralv, I. T. BAKER. M. I. P. e. Box ISS. What an Tew TeUng! Proeabt twe-tatrea oftta ni popelatfea f I the United States intu'e. mora or lef, in har- ' room i-'imn'anti. Hot alcoholic hevetree nre 1 baWtaatly imbibed by taoaeaadi tf neoplein the , winter month to keep out the rofV ' H : eoho'ic aute rial cf ell thet-e drink is mor ' -r 1cm noli -.. Kndti rendered r.H the mWTO octeterion in corx-ipjer.ee of V-;:!-' tuke '? Avoid thes? dannroa excitant. rhan, T0fJ : would phuntbe des : -t drnir. all Cecem '' ' ' They piralyaro the direction. conceit liv.-r. ('.i?u' th v;.t'.;ral action of the kidneyi. irritate tne bovrelc, thattct tba aatvea, aiatmv 5.iir the reason. The operation r.f HOST K ITER'S BTOÄACH DITTEH-S todiantetricallyoppoti et tl.i-- They par no organ Into Mnnatnral etr.-ity: hnt they tone and reg-ntmte aU. If the dteettlon 1 Saebta. tl'.ey aw.iken the ilirina--t energies of thnatoaoh, a::rt ptoaMte the work of iMunUsUoe. If the liv-r ts yln-.'ih : td Turbid, tli'-y rer- aerate 11 . if th- kldnt-- to ui-rform IhetrfnnetiotMvroner- ' h , lb jr sw regelated trtthoat beti e tottji if ; ; iTÄ become natural and resnlar. If the nenrea are tremn'orj t'n-v ni-f ' i.'v i -thened. U ' II r i i v " Hv a wm Bl TfERS tend to t::-). :r-' the it loom. These era t'.e egecta of Uie neat veneT TOXIC AND CORKECTTVE, vMCfa for tU't'tlly V. baa bean a atapte HMdlcIne in thai i oanl Ii . S the demand f.r wnic h cteadlly iacteaaea la aU p-jtu.' of the Western BeaUaajacte. It i-i not otr-p-il .- ii t. r'i.ji . hnt a ft w'e nor will it-.-r be Be to :i':--v a eravin-.-for nnot to cohohc stini ii!.int!. bt e-inse itf ellect to ch-rk . s false appetite for excitants. Th champion of temperance will do w !1 to m.-trk tn:s j!- cnliatity. ar.d to neoaaaaaad it the aattg efe preparation containing aloobol, tkat can bj ix i for nv-'lirinnl inuno-i -Io 77.77s;.i.v;.s rewal fmr "a vn-i I on? Banned nUier Y-t-rn r'-r "l h,u-r lis' ; rrta, bj A. .V. Kl'.LU A '.r I i u y 1 blither, KM Wtxhinoioii v., ' . i ii'jn. 'lcm S QUEEN!" ts Ha ii. PAfcarasa, Revised and Enlarged, A SEW HOOK FOR SlAGIHtt CXaJNSTES. lt aoaUli Jaet what la :-.nted lai no more. The imaraia arc stvaaaei of wordy expfcnMflaaa ( The exert '.mrea are jrore sivc. It cor.'air.f thoroujh beatSM on Voonl Oiltnre. It ;itHin-'ones, p-'-s. rtit. trios. HBWUlta aKWl cl-.nrrli niu anil -h roan for ail orca-toti , ByexetadlBf onaecfaaary bats Tum Boxe Qcsee ; eaabeaSorded fur Oaa Tanaa Tea Pan KoCeeaaaaoa i iagin books. pik r. : Still paper cover ae c rts n . .- -y.lo. Board cover 73 cent U : per i . V7 .-tit. litHM : AlV. tii Wa-le.n- on St. e l icapo. Dr. Burton's Tobacco AhtidoioAnn.wrrn to ur.vovr. all ii irk rou Toh o pi-.i.yt. It pur ißt I m tmrithm ihe b!K"t. luvifmca tu. er. 11!-" t!i- ';:ni' Ii t I t th bran it"-1 fuutlinala, s tl- p rpti hin. a:il .tallisLt-H ruln.- i, Je and 1 h"r.t far f'-rty yir rmni. Price Piftj-t-M rr lion. '"..v. Au iiit-retiug trraiie on iiir 11 ;u ioi-. effects f i'ia''"o. with f leytttr.cninl rtftrti ach it ruft. v.-.Mt waniH :. Ad-in-Am riM-vT Rhyicia.n' Tesiixox I Iitc roashly tctcJ BurVi' AaMate, ko4 tmmmH sx u .. aiecfe in Us praie. if A'lAr'ii-..? nt frt.m x if-' 1 '' 1 -J-'i caue 1 tv ihj use fWafcaeea, to iu.iff 4ift r ,u-t and raSaataaaSa. ü 0. Miaja. D-i C-.r. ( .- . nr..l Jt.-l . t , !;i.-r.p. 111. Zrt mtm riroti. i.n rpo. in. ... ,M . ... Pr. Barton's .Vnti.l .te ai- i fcft'y ' usir.c ti ba:--o. Sfti-l two l.oxi-H .r 'dU !.o la-iLt-U ..t sL. 'Lin m'. W. A. M. -Km: Michifran Southorn B. R. Tnr-H my. 1 . Tir.A-i' f-nJ a nb of the Ann d.e t'.-ir rirt ,... c. T. frrir ) ir.k SCKLLT. Fkom N--W lhtr'nt Pt Pnt'ov. (.. t.tl. inn of Inflacaea beta hn U a 1 h l rtite r i to! . Saan aaappty G r to hy UMne Dr. Burt I!.-; Drisoi..-r'- of this nr-ut .! . Joaera n J , . . ' . of ? It. State Ptif i i A B -ri;r.:!''i TeatMoirr. Or. B n" A:.'. I r Tu'uacca Au i-r ;nr'i-"'i nil " im ft i t. v. m. i i u... . : Ibanr, In !. r Am:: . r A eir:;c-.vAr.- TfsTIMon y. ' cared my t.r -thr n: I rr. : . iV it M w r Baal. w. Bhoi .ik- u. Kellej i .- Peoe ravrouci llRABasiRTrRit, LtssxMas h ir $ titfjf thirty-nrf i 'win mf ßtm M VmifAii runiiu-1 W. I- Wi. Jii. u-inc lr Burton A Auti'tote. ami al' nr-trr li-r 11iar o v. faaavaa Sornirnx iior Jaeaaat. Bai Mp. jlle boa of llorion'S At.tiilotC rmuw: I aS ' th m-Xl f. mi me. 1 tWc i.Ieaure i:i reotttjiniemlii nil o A r.-a.:cT. T. Y. SlATCK, 1 FOR SALE 3Y ALL DRUGGISTS. Trademark x ' . fr '. : U '. nrcAi'TMs: -Bawaaa araamra imita JlStJmr ; BTOJfS. Take .. ,h t : Vay fruit The 111'. ' In tracts K I ana nrwir laruiiuu' nr. i trult . p -' For r.r-v. -.. profitable ap :'" iltäre, - e lte of o:i nrjl ci'n.ati-. cl S.att.ora Ii:ino! Is noH; La ; : c oi ac - ' ' Klnil of trnltn. i).:r'.nif i" ' o Kmlt Kxirt"wi Train bronsht ot potclrm and Stan buhe: of itraai ahme, from tnence fara8l ' ' peRtn t i all the nor'tiem mark I these frnlt lundc are n-w crfe f re, V 4." a tericr. Title v r e Trr.m I m Tr All Br-itloi. -. t'-l ihe. ianüa o. :j 'ir. ' . c'.r vic'nltr. t'JT I ...- '. rivn opon all po'xt - I the Land lV.partmer.t, Micbljrun .a or a orcrlrittvp paioMet, with m iexact loralny c: 'l.o t?nta. ser.t to lv V Ins for ' rune, la y laajraace. I JOSH h UALEOüy, 1 4XT COKiltSHlKaR. ' C't- A .MONTH nu rxpen - - pew ijp artielea. H B BttaW. Alfred. Mi U.1M. KAKMKUS tiAKDl VA " : ami KKl'IT GKOWKKS- aana fr prti-ulaira of " W SaaWaRal "'.' If CM H" I' r mid in ! D ' . -." Bampleats Mat 111 be lot a aniS to any part of lueUntteO fctate.7lf7 fui iU'ifiiiti'sit. t;,ht it)m' t:r '! in f 'i CiHimt If tM f!f CnUrH St . ; iretss.l. AllKAUN, tf3 Seeoad Street, Baltimore, MS. mm in 1 1. Paatei M viae coutatns no ootbon, will cil 7, , : - - - or ,ir y nur iiTiinnrn lUlI til ill illi lllack or Brown. S Hy aaaU on receipt ot l.'J.'J. Addrr- WM I'M I. 'N Treasurer Miitfic 0nitiiinpAny. jPO' l,1,vi. x Wlnehester Bepeafln Uskfl llVAMi TWO SHOTS V SECOND as a asaBATasv AN . suo rs a nni n; A3 A SlNtlLr. KEK'll LOUHB. Tht ri"""Tfai. afnrütc an 1 wnn lor: u!'y rrN-ct'vr weapons, carrtne olht:i oharri, wklek i ai ha Bred ta BUM itc oada, ate now r-at tor the markei, an I are for nie by all the reapooalBle 'inn DeaMn thronRh.ml tue. conntry. K.r full Information, nen.1 lor clrenlar-i an1 punitiilr-t to The WiNCIUISTKB BarXATlKO AHMSOO Kt w raven. Con: lKeDMIfKTOWN, X CO Foveualx-r 2, lts. LlPPIXCTT & TA' TII.LiMir Sai .- 1 rectived yonr necouc Re1 .lack per expieg, anrl now ai-Wioiklertire.i! m lit-ueflt ot all whutr tt.'Mre or neciw:'.;! mnfce 1 o.. h-tslitcM to rhrp a itli an axe, 1 BN Jacket , ami. as let Supreme a 1 Victor' opinion without h' 8 t. OH It bit. a 81 atue. I him tin' , i, . ruf teep-r tt.an ÖM com ro'in! on the '-i, d'i in the at ,hi blow, rlwrtb--Tin- With ed, m1 frim one-thlnl to cutttac the Mne iinauti' ', mnv- labor fiat tw i"rati etMtly maKe at ejt t'.lri-il woot In the ante time. V-m ai luniHt mail try yonr lied Jacket it 'aUa,refuul littn hN menejr. tawpectTaJly, j onr i 'S'. Be o

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Koma'.e pyaji Maponinpie aeaie tnrerv lu'1';Nvj i i-i-.-raav-aaa, 4- Soiecmert o Jf.-ket rMi.