Plymouth Tribune, Volume 9, Number 10, Plymouth, Marshall County, 9 December 1909 — Page 3

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To NsaJe and Me House of llepresentatiresz The relations of the United States with all foreign povernments have continued upon the normal basis of amity ami good understanding, and are very generally satisfactory. Pursuant to the provisions of the general treaty of arbitration concluded between the United States and Great Britain. April 4, 1908, a special agreement was entered into between the two countries on January 27, 1909, for the submission of questions relating to the fisheries on the North Atlantic coast to a tribunal to be formed from members of the permanent court cf arbitration at The Hague. In accoraance with the provisions of the special agreement the printed case of each government was. on October 4 last, submitted to the other and to the arbitral tribunal at The Hague, and the counter case of the United States Is now in course of preparation. The American rights under the fisheries article of the treaty of 1318 have beer? a cause of difference between the United States and Great Britain for nearly seventy years. The interests involved are of great importance to the American fishing industry, and the final settlement of the controversy will remov; a source of constant irritation and complaint. This is the first case involving such great International questions which has been submitted to the permanent court of arbitration at The Hague. The treaty between the United States and Great Britain concerning the Canadian international boundary, concluded April 11, 190S, authorizes the appointment of two commissioners to dehne and mark accurately the international boundary line between the United States and the Dominion of Canada in the waters of the Passamaquoeldy. bay. and provides for the exchange of briefs within the period of six months. The briefs were duly presented within the prescribed period, but as the commissioners failed to agree within six mouihs after the exchange of the printed statements, as required by the treaty, it has ne w become necessary to resort to the arbitration provided for in the article. The international fisheries commission appointed pursuant to and under the authority of the convention ol April 11, 1908, between the United States and Great Britain, has completed a system of uniform and common international regulations for the protection and preservation of the food fishes in international boundary waters of the United States and Canada. The regulations will be duly submitted to Congress with a view to the enactment of such legislation as will be necessary under the convention to put them into operation. The convention providing for the settlement of International differences between the United States and Canada, including, the apportionment between the two countries of certain of the boundary waters and the appointment of commissioners to adjust certain other questions, signed on the 11th day of January, 1909. and to the ratification of which the Senate gave its advice and consent on March 3. 1909. haä not j-et been ratified on the part of Great Britain. Commissioners have been appointed on the part of the United States to act Jointly with commissioners on the part of Canada in examining into the question of obstructions in the St. John River between Maine and New Brunswick, and to make recommendations for the regulation of the uses thereof, and are now engaged in this work. Negotiations for an international conference to consider and reach an arrangement providing for the preservation and protection of tl.e fur seals in the Xurth Pacific are in progress with the governments of Great Britain. Japan and Russia. The attitude of the governments interested leads me to hope for a satisfactory settlement of this question as the ultimate outcome of the negotiations. His Majesty Mehmed V.. Sultan of Turkey, recently sent to this country a special embassy to announce his accession. The quick transition of the government of the Ottoman empire from one of retrograde tendencies to a constitutional government with a Parliament and with progressive modern policies of reform and public improvements 13 one of the important phenomena of our times. Constitutional government seems afeo to have made further advance in Persia. These events have turned the eyes of the world upon the Near East. In that quarter the prestige of the United Suites has spread widely through the peaceful influence of American schools, universities and missionaries. There is every reason why we should obtain a greater share of the commerce of the Near Elast wince the conditions are more favorable now than ever before. Oar Latin American ifthbor. To-day, more than ever before, American capital is seeking investment in foreign countries, and American 'products are more and more generally seeking foreign markets. As a. consequence, in all countries there are American citizens and American interests to be protected, on occasion, by th?ir government. These movements of men,of capital, and of ' commodities bring peoples and governments closet together and so form bonds of peace and mutual dependercy. as they must also naturally sometimes make passing pointsof friction. The Pan-American policy of this government has long been fixed in its principles and remains uncharged. With the changed circumstances of the United States and of the republics to the south of us. most of which have great natural resources, stable government and progressive ideals, the apprehension which gave rise to the Monroe doctrine may be said to have nearly disappeared, and neither the doctrine as it exists nor any other doctrine of American policy should be permitted to operate for the perpetuation of irresponsible government, the escape of just obligations, or the insidious allegation of dominating ambitions on the part of the United States. My meeting with President Diaz and the greeting exchanged on both American and Mexican soil served. I hope, to signalize the close and cordial relations which so well bind together this republic and the great repuLlic immediately to the south, between which there is so vast a network of material interests. I am happy to say that all but one of the cases which for so long vexed our relations with Venezuela have been ettied within the past few months and

LITTL EABOUT EVERYTHING. Englanda birth rate is 2S to every I.noo. The sates of Jerusalem are still cio?ed at night. The British salmon is said to be worth ?-"."0 a ten. The German population of tLe world i.-? nearly 100,000,000. Hydraulic presses are used in England for making i:canile;;s steel boat hulls. The number of building Id Buenos Aires h vi aln:ot quadrupled in six years. Tlie pen point production of Birmingham, England, is 220,300,000 a week. lean r.re harvested la California Just as wheat and other crops are farther cast. A lare majority of alien3 admitted to the port of New York are under 14 years of age. England sent! to China every year 6,000,000 pounds of condensed mill: and 5.000,000 pounds of biscuit3.

that, under the enlightened regime now directing the government of Venezuela, provision has been made for arbitration of the remaining case before The Hague tribunal. On July 30. 1909. th? government of Panama agreed, after considerable negotiation, to indemnify the- relatives of the American officers and sailors who were brutally treated, one of them having, indeed, been killed by the Panaman police this year. The sanitary improvements and public works undertaken In Cuba prior to the present administration of that government, in the success of which the United States is interested under the treaty, are reported to be making good progress and since the Congress provided for the continuance of the reciprocal commercial arrangement between Cuba and the United States assurance has been received that no negotiations injuriously affecting the situation will be undertaken without consultation. The collection of the customs of the Dominican Republic through the general receiver of customs appointed by the President of the United States in accordance with the convention of February 8. 1907, has proceeded in an uneventful and satisfactory manner. Many years ago diplomatic intervention became necessary to the protection of the interest in the American claim of Alsop and company against the government of Chile. The government of Chile had frequently admitted obligation in the case and had promised this government to settle it. There had been two abortive attempts to do so through arbitral commissions, which failed thro.igh lack of jurisdiction. Now, happily, as the result of the recent diplomatic negotiations, the governments of the United States and of Chile, actuated by the sincere desire to free from any strain those cordial and friendly relations upon which both set such store, have agreed by a protocol to submit the controversy to definitive settlement bv His Britannic Majesty, Edward VII. The MrarHKunn Difficulty. Since the Washington conventions of 1907 were communicated to the government of tiie United States as a consulting and advising party, this government has been almost continuously called upor. by one or another, and in turn by all of the five Central American republics, to exert itself for the maintenance of the conventions. Nearly every complaint has been against the Zelaya government of Nicaragua, which has kept Central America In constant tension or turmoil. The responses made to the representations of Central American republics, as due from the United States on account of its relation to the Washington conventions, have been at all times conservative and have avoided, so far as possible, any semblance of interference, although It is very apparent that the considerations of geographic proximity to the Canal zone and of the very substantial American interests in Central America give to the United States a special position In the zone of these republics and the Caribbean Sea. I need not rehearse here the patient efforts of this government to promote peace and welfare among these republics, efforts which are fully appreciated by the majority of them who are loyal to their true interests. It would be no less unnecessary to rehearse here the sad tale of unspeakable barbarities and oppression alleged to have been committed by the Zelaya government. Recently two Americans were put to death by order of President Zelaya himself. They were officers in the organized forces of a revolution w2iich had continued many weeks and was in control of about halt of the republic, and as Mich, according to the modern enlightened practice of civilized nations, they were entitled to be dealt with as prisoners of war. At the date when this message is printed this government has terminated diplomatic relations with the Zelaya governmert. for reasons made public In a communication to the tormer Nicaraguan charge d'affaires, and is intending to take such future steps as may be found most consistent with its dignity, its duty to American Interests and its moral obligations to Central America and to civilization. It may be necessary for me to brinK thin subject to the attention of the Congress in a special message. The Interrational Bureau of American Republics has carried on an important and increasing work during the last year. In the exercise of its peculiar functions as an International agency, maintained by all the American republics for the development of Pan-American commerce and friendship, it has accomplished a great practical good which could be done in the same way by no individual department or bureau of one government, and is therefore deserving of your liberal support. The fact that it is about to enter a new building, erected through the munificence of an American philanthropist and the contributions of all the American nations, where both its efficiency of administration and expense of maintenance will naturally be much augmented, further entitles it to special consideration. nelatlona In the Far I'aat. In the Far East this government preserved unchanged its policy of supporting the principle of equality of opportunity and scrupulous respect for the integrity of the Chinese Empire, to which policy are pledged the interested powers of both east and west. Our tm-litlonal relations with the Japanese empire continue cordial as usual. As the representative of Japan, his imperial highness Prince Kuni visited the Hudson-Fulton celebration. The recent vWt of a ' delegation of prominent business men as guests of the chambers of commerce of the Pacific slope, whose representatives had been so agreeably received in Japan, will doubtless contribute to the growing trade across the Pacific, as well as to that mutual understanding which leads to mutual appreciation. Expenditure and Itevenne. Perhaps the most important question presented to tha administration is that 4 economy in expenditures and sufficiency of revenue. The deficit of the last fiscal year, and the ceituin deficit of the cur

rent year, prompted Congress to throw a greater responsibility on the executive and the Fccretary of the treasury than had heretofore been declared by statute. This declaration Imposes ujon the secretary of the treasury the duty of assembling all the estimates of the fxecutive departments bureaus, and oMVcf. of the expenditures necessary in the ensuing fiscal year, and of making an estimate of the revenues of the government for the same period ; and if a protaihle deficit is thus shown, it is made the duty of the President to recommend the method by which such deficit can be met. The report cf the secretary shows lli.it the ordinary expenditures for the current There is an asparagus bed covenns twenty acres in California. A Hungarian washing machine makes use of electrified water. Oyster3 thrive best in water -containing less than 4 per cent of salt. Elephants are being employed in Paris as "sandwich men" to advertise a music hall in the Champs Elystes. Breathing exercises were introduced in some Parisian schools not long igo and beneficial results were soon in lifested. It is told of Cen. Sir Reavers Bailer, the British soldier, t'nt' he always tried to live up to the ifteenth Psalm. Every piece of plate gla3 In the world to-day is due to be broken within ten years, according to the law of average. Brazil is fast becoming a peanut country. In 1903 the area devoted to peanut3 was only 3. SO acres. In 1007 it was S0.000. It is said that c growth of ivy absorbs the moisture from a stone wall rather than imparting it, a3 is popularly supposed.

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fiscal year ending June 30, 191. will ex-ct-ed the estimated receipts by $31.U7".6U'. If to this '.oficit is added the sum to be disbursed for the Panama canal, amounting to $.1S OftO.000. and $1.000.000 to be paid on the public debt, the deficit of ordinary receipts and expenditures will be increased to a total deficit of $73.075.60. Tills deficit the secretary proposes to meet by the proceeds of bonds issued to pay the cost of constructing the Panama canal. I approve this proposal. The policy of paying for the construction of the Panama canal, not out of current revenue, but by bond Issues, was adopted in the Spooner act of 1902. and there seems to le no good reason for departing from the principle by which a part at least of the burden of the cost of the canal shall fall upon our posterity who are to enjoy it; and there is all the more reason for this view because the actual cost to elate of the canal, which Is now half done and which will be completed Jan. 1, 11)15, shows that the cost of engineering and construction will be $297.76.000, instead of $139,703.200. as originally estimated. In addition to engineering and construction, the other expense's. Including sanitation and government, and the amount paid for the properties, the franchise, and the privilege of building the canal. Increase the cost by 573.43..ooo. to a total of $370,201.000. The increase -In the cost of engineering and construction is due to a substnntlril enlargement of the plan of construction by widening the canal 100 feet in the Culebra cut and by increasing the dimensions of tlie locks, to the underestimate of the quantity of the work to Im? done under the original plan, and to an underestimate of the cost of labor and materials, both of which have greatly enhanced in price since the original estimate wa made. In order to avoid a deficit for the ensuing fiscal year I directed the heads of departments In the preparation of their estimates to make them as low as possible consistent with Imperative governmental necessity. The result has bee'n as I am advised by the secretary of the treasury that the estimates for the expenses of the government for the next fiscal year ending June 30. 1911. are less than the appropriations for this current fiscal vear by $42.8 IS. 000. So far as the secretary of the treasury Is able to form a Judgment as to future income and compare )t with the expe-nditures for the next fiscal year ending June 30. 191 1. and excluding payments on account of the Panama canal which will doubtless be taken up by Kmds, there will be a surplus of $35,931.000. In the present estimates the needs of the departments and of the government have been cut to the quick, so to speak, and any assumption on the part of Congress, so often made In times past, tint the estimate's have been prepared with the rpe etat Ion that they may be reduced, will result in seriously hampering proper administration Tl.e secretary of the treasury points out what should be carefully note'd in respect to this reduction in governmental expenses for the ne.rt fiscal year, that the economies are two kinds firs'., there is a saving in the permanent administration of the departments, bureaus, and offices -of the government : and. second, there is a present reduction In expenses by a postjHMiement of projects and Improvements that ultimately will have to be carried out. but which are now delayed with the hope that additional revenue in the future will permit their execution without producing a deficit. I am aware that there Is a strong feeling in both houses of Congress, and possibly in the torn try, against the establishment eif civil pensions, and that this has naturally grown out of the heavy burelen of military pe-nsions, which it has always been tne policy of cur government to assume; but I am strongly convinced that , no other practical solution of the diffi-JLltles presented by the superannuation v' civil servants can be found thin thaf of a system of civil pensions. The business and expenditures of the government have expanded enormously since the Spanish war, but as the revenues have increased In nearly the same proportion as the expenditures until recently, th- attention of the public, and of those responsible for the government, has not been fastened upon the? question of reducing the cost of .administration. We eannot, In view of the advancing prices of living, hope to save money by a reduction In the standard of salaries paid. Indeed, if any change Is made in that regard, an increase rather than a decrease will le necessary'; and the only means ef economy will be In reducing the number of employes and in obtaining a greater average of efficiency from those retained In the service-. I-'riiud In the CuMtonm Service. I regret to refer to the fact of the discovery of extensive frauds in the collection of the customs revenue at Xew York City. In which a number of the subordinate employes in the weighing and other departments were directly concerned, and in whh-h the beneficiaries were the Ameri' ;Mi Sucar Refining Company and others. The frauds consisted In the payment of iuty up.'iei v i'-dits of sunar. Tl e kovt rmr.cn t has recovered from the American Sugar K' fining Company all tlia:. it is shown to have- been defrauded o ". The Mini was received in full of the amount ELECTT.ICAL FLASHES. A motor driven auto-horn is the latest. A pocket wireless telegraph has been invented. Siberia and Alaska are to be connected by wireless. Cuba will soon be covered with a network of telephone lines. Tho King of Siam rides in an electric victoria finished with ivory and adorned with lace, silver and pearl. On June 17th manufacturing in Chattr.nooga was stimulated with G.OOO electrical horse-power, sent over transmission wires into the heart cf the city. Germany has 831.31S telephone stations, more than any other European country. Great Britain conies next with 5C".,S."j4 and France next with less than 200,000. The largest order ever placed for electrical apparatus in Europe wa3 recently given for machinery to produce fertilizer from atmospheric nitrogen at Chrlstiania, Norway.

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due. which might have been recovered by civil suit against the beneficiary of fraud, but there was an express reservation in the contract of settlement by which the settlement should not interfere with, or prevent the criminal prosecution of everyone who was found to be subject to the same. Criminal prosecutions are now proceeding against a number of the government officers. It would secrn to me that an Investigation of the frar.ds by Congress at present, pending the probing by the treasury department and the department of justice, as proposed, might by giving immunity and otherwise prove anj embarrassment In securing e-onviction of the guilty parties. Tlie Aevr Tariff Lnvr. Two features of tlie new tariff act call for special reference, liy virtue of the clause known as the "Maximum and Minimum" clause, it is the duty of the exe-e-ntive to consider the laws and practice? of other countries with reference to the iniportatiem into those countries of the products and merchandise of the United States, and If the excutive finds such laws and practices not to be unduly discriminatory against the United States, the minimum duties provided in tlie bill are to go into force. Unless the President makes such a finding, then the maximum duties provideel in the Dili, that is, an increase of 25 per cent ad valorem over the minimum duties, are to be in force. Fear has be-en expressed that this power conferred and duly imposed en the executive is likely to lead to a tf riff war. I beg to express the hope and belief that no such residt nee-d be anticipated. The discretion granted to the Executive by the terms "unduly discriminatory" Is wide. In order that the maximum duty shall be charged against the Imports from a country, it is necessary that he shall find on the part of that country not only discriminations in its laws er the practice under them against the trade of the United States, but that the discriminations found shall be undue; that is, without good and fair reason. 1 conceive that this lower was reposed in the President with tlie hope that the maximum duties might never be applied in any case, but that the power to apply tiiem would enable the President and the state department through friendly negotiation to secure the elimination from the laws and the practice under them of any foreign country of that which is unduly discriminatory. No one is seeking a tariff war or a condition In which the spirit of retaliation shall be aroused. The new tariff law enables me to appoint a tariff boarel to assist me in connection with the department of state in the administration of the minimum and maximum clause of the act and also to assist officers of the government in the administration of the entire law. An examination of the law and an understanding of the "nature of the facts which should be considered in discharging the functions imposed upon the executive shv that I have the i;ower to dirct the tarif board to make a comprehensive glossary ami encyclopedia of tlie terms used and articles embraced in the tariff law. and to secure, information as to the cost of production of such goods in this country and the cost of their production In foreign countries. I have there-Tore uppointed a tariff board consisting of three members and have directed them to perform all the duties above described. War and iivy Department. In the Interest of Immediate economy and because of the prospect of a deficit, I have required a reduction in the estimates of the war department lor the coming fiscal year, which brings the total estimates down to an amount $45.000,000 less than the eorrespondlng estimates ftr last yean The recretary of war calls attention to a number of needed changes in the army, in all of which I concur. The coast defenses of the United States proper are generally all that could be desired, and In some respects they are rather more elaborate than under present conditions are needed to stop an enemy's fleet from entering the haroors defended. The military and naval jolut board have unanimously agre-ed that it would le unwise to make the large expenditures which at one time were contemplated In the establishment of a naval base and station in the Philippine islands, and have expresse-d their judgment. In which I fully concur. In favor of making an extensive naval base at Pearl harbor, near Honolulu, and not In the Philippines. This does not dispense with the necessity for the comparatively small appropriations required to finish the proper coast defenses in the Philippines now under e'onstructlon on the island of CorregIdor and elsewhere or to complete a suitable repair station and coaling supply station at Olongapo. where is the floating dock "Dewey." I hope that this recommendation of the joint board will end the discussion as to the comparative merits of Manila bay and Olongapo as naval stations, and will lead to prompt measures for the proper equipment and defense of IVarl harbor. The return of the battleship fleet from It? voyage around the world, in more efll-cK-nt condition than when It started, was a noteworthy event of Interest alike to our citizens and the naval authorities of the w.tld. Resides the beneficial and farreaching effect on our personal and diplo You can visit Jerusaleoi by trolley from Jaffa. Wireless stations are to be established along the African coast. Trains on the Atchingson RallroaJ are now dispatched by telephone. The electrical exports for last July totaled nearly a million dollars worth. Electric motors are used to drive fcrge blowers in blacksmith shop.s. The new Tungsten lamps are being successfully used for factory illumination. More than half a million horso-po v cr is available from water in the -Scut" of Georgia. A hydro-electric plant to d?vc!o; 22,001) horse-power is to Le constructed near Quebec. The electric fan is extensively used to increase the heating values of hot air aud steam hrating plants. All the steam railroads within a radius of eight miles of the city oi Chicago will be electrified, greatly facilitating the terminal work and doing away with the smoke and noise of steam locomotives.

matic relations in the countries which, the lleet visited, the marked success of the ships in steaming around the world in all weathers on schedule time has increased respect for our navy and has added to our rational prestige. Our enlisted personnel recruited from all sections of the country is young and energetic and representative of the national spirit. Owing to tlie necessity for economy in expenditures. 1 have directed the c-urtallment of recommendations for naval appropriations so that they are thirty-eight millions less than the corresponding estimates of last year, and the request for new naval construction is limited to two first-class battle ships and one repair vessel. The use ef a navy is for military purposes, and there has been found need in the department of a military branch dealing directly with the military use of the fleet. The secretary of the navy has also felt the lack of responsible advisers to aid him in reaching conclusions and deciding Important matters between co-ordinate branches ef the department. To secure these results he has inaugurated a tentative plan involving certain changes In the organization of the navy department. ' including the navy yards, all etf which have been found by the attorney general to be In accordance with law. I have approved the execution of the plan proposed because of the greater efficiency and economy it promises. The Department of Justice. The deplorable delays In the administration of civil and criminal law have received the attention of cemmittees of the American Bar Association and of many state bar associations, as well as the considered thought of judges and jurists. In my judgment, a "hange in judicial procedure, with a view to reducing its expense to private litigants in civil cases and facilitating the dispatch of business and final decision in both civil and criminal case-s. constitutes the greatest need in our American institutions. I do iot doubt for one moment that much of the lawless violence and cruelty exhibited In lynchlngs is directly due to the uncertainties and injustice growing out of the delays In trials, judgments, and the executions thereof by our courts. (X course these remarks apply quite as well to the administration of justice In state

courts as to that In federal courts, and j without making invidious distinction it is perhaps not too much to say that, spc-ak-ing generally, the defects are less In the federal courts than in the state courts. But they are very great In the federal courts. The expedition with which business is disposed of both on the civil and the criminal side of English courts under modern rules of procedure makes the delays In our courts seem'archalc and barlurous. The procedure in the federal ourts should furnish an example for the state courts. I presume it Is impossible, without m amendment to the constitution, to unite under one form of action the proceedings at common law and proceedings in equity In the federal courts, but it is certainly not impossible by a statute t6 simplify and make short and direct the procedure both at law and in ecuity In those courts. It Is not Impossible to cut down still more than it Is cut el own, the jurisdiction ef the supreme court so as to confine It almost wholly to statutory and constitutional questions. Under the present statutes the equity and admiralty procedure in the federal courts is under the e-ontrol of the supreme court, but in the pre-ssure of business to which that ceant is subjected, it is impossible to hope that a raclical and proier reform of the federal equity procedure can be brought about. I therefore recommend legislatltm providing for the appointment by the President of a commission with authority to examine the law and equity procedure of the federal courts of first instance, the law of appeals from those courts to the courts of appeals and to the supreme court, and the costs imposed in such procedure upon the private Htisants and upon tlie public treasury and make recommendation with a view to simplifying and expediting the procedure as far as possible and making it as inexpenshe as may be to the litigant of little means. "Snap" Injunction. The platform of the successful party in the last election contained the following: "The Republican party will uphold at all times the authority and integrity of the courts, state and federal, and will ever insist that their powers to eniorc-e their process and to protect life, liberty, and property shall be preserved Inviolate. We believe, however, that the rules of procedure In the federal courts with respect to the issuance of the writ of injunction should be more accurately defined by statute, and that no Injunction or temporary restraining order should be issued without notice, except where Irreparable injury would result from delay. In which case a speedy hearing thereafter should be granted." I recommend that in compliance with the promise thus made, appropriate legis lation be adopted. Tlie ends or justice will lest be met and the chief cause of complaint against ill-considered injunctions without notice will be removed by the enactment of a statute forbidding hereafter tiie issuing of any Injunction or restraining order, whether temporary or permanent, by any federal court, without previous notice and a reasonable opportunity to be beard on behalf of the patties to be enjoined ; unless it shall apiear to the satl'fartion of the court that the delay nc-cessary to give such notice and heal ing would result in irreparable injury to the complainant. Unless also the court shall from the evldenee make a written finding, which shall be spread upon the court minutes, that immediate and irreparable injury Is likely to ensue to the ceunplalnant. and shall define the Injury, state why it is irreparable, and shall also endorse on the oriler Issued the date and the hour of the issuance of the order. Moreover, every Mich Injunction or restraining order Issued without previous notice and opportunity by the defendant to be heard should by force of the statute expire and be of no effect after seven days from the issuance thereof or within any time less than that period which the court may fix. unless within such seven days or such less period, the injunction or order Is extended or renewed after previous notice and opportunity to be heard. My judgment Is that the passage of ruch an act which really embodies the best practice in equity and is very like the rule now in force in some courts, will prevent the issuing of Ill-advised orders of injunction without notice and will render Fucli orders when issued much less objectionable by the short time in which they may remain effective. latertttate Commerce Low. The jurisdiction of tlie general government over Interstate commerce has led to the passage of the so-called "Sherman Antitrust Luv" and the "Interstate Commerce Law" and Its amendments. The developments in tlie operation of those laws, as shown by indictments, trials, judicial decisions, and other sources of information, call for a discussion and some suggestions as to amendments. The Pontolllre Department. The deficit every year In the postoffice department is largely caused by the low rate of postage of 1 cent a pound charged on second-class mail matter, which Includes not only newspapers but magazines and miscellaneous periodicals. The actual loss growing out of the transmission of this second-class mail matter at 1 cent a pound amounts to about $63,000,001' a year. The average cost of the transportation of this matter is more than 9 cents a pound. A great saving might be made, amounting to much more than half of the loss, by Imposing upon magazines and periodicals a higher rate of postage. They are much heavier than newspapers, and contain a much higher ptoportlon of advertising to reading matter, and the av Ill Little Mip. The Rev. Mr. Spicer had for three days enjoyed the telephone, which had been his last gift from an admiring parishioner. He had been using it immediately before going to church. When the time came for him to announce the firüt hymn he rose, and, with his usual impressive manner, read the words. Then, in a crisp, firm tcne, he said: "Let us all unite in hymn t-ix double c; ting three." V; i: t h- Coniyanion. ?.et to lie Takon Seriously. Wu are told llr.it Mrs. rankhurit i.iys that Arno: hau women r.;e net ceiici'3 e::cr.;-h. Probably Ehe hoz hcv.ru scaie of thrra tay tiicy haven't n tiling to wear. Cleveland Plain Dcukr. V.'hci-e Money 1m e'c;lcl. Church I tee it is said that Iady Francis Cook will spend milliors for the Suffrage cause. Gotham Well, I guess it will take that amount to pay the police court ÜJ3.

erage distance of their transportation is three and a half times as great. The total deficit for the last fiscal year in the post office department amounted to $17.500.000. The branches of its business which it eUd at a loss were the second class mail service, in which the loss as already said was $03.000.000. and the free rural delivery, in which the loss was $2S,000,000. Those losses were in part offset by the profits of the letter postage and other sources of income. It would se?ni wise to reduce the loss upon second class mail matter, at least to the extent of preventing a deficit in the total operations of the post efilce department. The second subject worthy of mention in the postoffice department Is the real necessity and entire practicability of establishing postal savings banks. The successful party at the last election declared in favor of postal savings banks, and although the proposition finds opponents In many parts of the country. I am convinced that the people desire such banks, and am sure that when the banks are furnished they will be productive of the utmost good. I believe them to be necessary in order to offer a proper inducement to thrift and saving to a great many people of small means who elo not now have banking facilities, and to whom such a system would offer an opportunity for the accumulation of capital. They will furnish a satisfactory substitute, based on sound principle and actual successful trial in nearly all the countries of the wmrld, for the system of government guarantee of deposits now being adopted in several western states, which with deference to those who advocate it seems to me to have in it the seeds of demoralization to conservative banking and certain financial disaster. IleconuurniN Ship. Subsidy. Following the course of my distinguished predecessor, 1 earnestly recommend to Congress the onsideration and passage of a ship subsidy bill, looking to the establishment of lines between our Atlantic seaboard and tlie eastern e-oast of South America, as well as lines from the west coast of the United States to South America, China, Japati and the Philippines. Interior Department. The successful party in the last election in its national platform declared in favor of the admission as separate states of New Mexico and Arizona, and I recommend that legislation appropriate to this end be adopted. A Governor for Alaska. With re'spect to the tenltory of Alaska. I recommend legislation which shall provide for the appointment by the Presient of a governor and also an executive council, the members of which shall during their term of office reside in the territory, and which shall have legislative powers sufficient to enable it to give to the territory local laws adapted to its present growth. Conservation of .Vatlonal HcnonrcA, In several departments there Is presented the necessity for legislation looking to the further conservation of our national resources, and the subject is one of such Importance as to reejuire a more detailed and extended discussion than can be entered upon In this communication. For that reason I shall take an early opportunity to send a special message to Congress on the subject of the improvement of our waterways, upon the reclamation and irrigation of arid, semi-arid and swamp lands ; upon the preservation of our'forests and the reforesting of suitable areas ; upon the reclassification of the public domain 'with a view of separating from agricultural settlement mineral, coal and phosphate lands and sites belonging to the government bordering on streams suitable for the utilization of water power. Department of Agriculture. I commend to your careful consideration the report ef the secretary of agriculture as showing Cue immense sphere of usefulness which that department now fills and the wonderful addition to the wealth of the nation made by the farmers of this e-ountry in the crops of the current year. The White Slave' Trade. I greatly regret to have to say that the investigations made In the bureau of Immigration and other sources of information lead to the view that there is urgent necessity for additional legislation and greater executive activity to suppress. Bureau of Health. The bppV rtunltles offered for useful research an! the spread e.f useful Information In regard to the cultivation of the soil and the breeding of stcck and the solution of many of the Intricate prob lems In progressive agriculture have demonstrated the wisdom of establishing that department. Similar reasons, of equal force, can be given for the establishment of a bureau of health that shall not only exercise the police jurisdiction of the federal government respecting quarantine, but which shall also afford an opportunity for investigation and research by competent experts into questions of health affecting the whole country, or Important sections thereof, questions which. In the absence of federal governmental work, are not likely to be promptly solved. The Civil Service CouimiMsion. The work of the United States civil service commission has !ecn performed to the general satisfaction of the executive officers with whom the commission has been brought into official communication. 1 recommendations have been made by my predecessors that Congress appropriate a sufficient sum to pay the balance about 3S per cent of the amounts due depositors in the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company. I renew this recommendation. Kinnnrlpntlun Seml-Cenlennlal. The year 1913 will mark the fiftieth anniversary of the Issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation granting freedom to the negroes. It seems fitting that this event should be properly celebrated. Already a movement has been started by prominent negroes, encouraged by prominent white people and the press. In Conclusion. I have thus. In a message compressed as much as the subjects will permit, referred to many of the legislative needs of the country, with the exceptions already noted. Speaking generally, the country is in a high state of prosperity. There Is every reason to believe that we are on the eve of a substantial business expansion, and we have just garnered a harvest unexampled In the market value of our agricultural products. The hig'a prices which such products bring mean great prosperity for the farming community, but on the other hand they mean a very considerably Increased burden upon those classes in the community whose yearly compensation does not expand with the improvement in business and the general prosperity. Various reasons are given for the high prices. The proportionate increase In the output of gold, which to-day is the chief medium of exchange and is in fome respects a measure of value, furnishes a substantial explanation of at least part of the Increase In prices. The Increase in population and the more expensive mode of living of the people, which have not been accompanied by a proportionate increase In acreage production, may furnish a further reason. It is well to note that the Increase in the cost of living is not confined to this country, but prevails the world over, and that those who would charge increases in prices to the existing protective tarilt must meet the fact that the rise in prices has taken place almost wholly in those products of the factory and farm in respect to which there? lias been either no increase in the tarhf 6r in many Instances a very considerable reduction. WM. II. T A FT. r.nny. "And how long a run did he make for the touchdown?" "He ran clear over Into the second column on the next page. It was only magazine football, you know." Cleveland riain Dealer. I HUIimI. "My dear, did you make this cake out of the cook book?" "Yes, love." "Wcl!, I thought I tasted cue of the covers." Cleveland Plain Dealer. 1 1 ix Fur. "He is a queer sort of a chap." "How FO?" "He says he has no ear for music because he doe-n't like his daughter's playing." "Well?" "Well, that is v. hat makes rne thinlc he has an ear for mmsic." Houston Post. I n feci In K". "Your re-marks hurt me." "Well, then, get out of the way when I let them drop." St. Louis Star.

It has been announced that the St.

John's English Lutheran church in Anderson has extended a call to the Rev. j F. W. Cook, of Jewett, Ohio. j Physicians are puzzled over a sudden ' outbreak of shingles in a German settlement near Decker. Numerous qnses developed in one day and every doctor in town was kept busy answering calls. While cutting timber near Benham several days ago, Lafe Long, of Versailles, and John Benham and Lafayette Benham found a hundred pounds of wild honey hidden away In the trunk of a tree that had been blown down by the wind. Twenty-three cases of smallpox have developed at the village of Lapaz, seven miles north of Plymouth. The disease has also spread in the vicinity of Tyner, four miles west of Lapaz. Miss Grace Hostetler, a teacher, was the first to become III from the disease and her school has closed. The meeting of the Teachers Association that was to have been held last week has been postponed indefinitely. "With his skull fractured the 2-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. AI Farmer, living six miles west of Logansport, lies at St. Joseph's hospital with fair chances of recovery. The baby boy was playing on the Ft. Wayne & Wabash Valley interurban tracks when he was struck by a car. Mrs. Farmer, who witnessed the accident, took her child in her arms and hurried to St. Joseph's Hospital, where surgeons performed an operation. Four-year-old Florence Basey, of Shelbyville, saved the life of her yearold baby brother, when she dragged him from the burning home. The mother of the children was visiting a neighbor when the dwelling caught fire from an overheated stove. Men working in a field nearby saw the flames breaking from the roof of the Basey farmhouse, and removing a water tank to the house, socn succeeded in extinguishing the blazo. More than six months ago the Rev. S. R. Lyons, pastor of Reicl Memorial church in Richmond, was thrown from a bicycle and suffered among other injuries a broken collar bone. The frac ture was reduced, a3 it was believed, but the bone failed to knit. Last week Dr. Lyons underwent an operation at Reid Hospital, the ends of the broken bone being wired together. The operation was an unusual one, but the surgeons believe it will prove successful. A small boy, a "nigger killer" and a pebble, were the causes of Charles Lerch, a farmer, of Switzerland County, being dragged by his runaway team, which plowed through the big plate glas swindow of the First National Bank in Madison, and caused a stampede among customers apd employes. A mall box on an Iron post in front of the bank was smashed by the team, which was hitched to a heavy wagon, and letters were scattered In all directions. Lerch was badly hurt. Beauregard Cullen, of New Albany, a telegraph lineman, is suffering from injuries received when the end of a buggy shaft was driven through his upper jaw, penetrating the roof of his mouth. Cullen was riding a bicycle .when the accident occurred and was unable to escape a horse that shied at an engine. The sharp point of a metal tipped buggy shaft struck Cullen in the upper lip under the nose and passed through the jawbone and roof of his mouth. A plate containing several artificial teeth was forced down Cullen's throat and he almost strangled to death before a surgeon reached him. Samuel Meyers, a horse trader, who is serving a jail sentence In Columbus on a charge of intoxication, does not believe in letting the fact that he Is shut off from the outer world interfere with his business. When a man went to talk business with him through the bars Meyers spoke In such high terms of one of his trading horses that the visitor left his watch and $3 in money in part payment for the horse. Meyers says he is handicapped to some extent by having to remain in jail, but he declares that he has a family to support and will continue In business whenever the opportunity presents itself. The caving In of the earth's surface near Coalmont, in the southern part of Clay County, is causing much apprehension there, y. is believed that the cave-in is being caused by the abandoning of the Bogle mines. There are great cracks in the earth, that go down i so deep that the strongest light can not penetrate them. Some of these cracks are within fifty yards of the Bogle school, and Township Trustee Puckett is at a loss to know what to do. Parents refuse to allow their chilj dren to attend this school, and it has neen aoanuonea. Tne pupils are gathered up in wagons and hauled to another school two miles distant. Dozens of miners houses have toppled over and tho occupants have fled, leaving their household goods in their dwellings. E. V. Umerick, lawyer and sportsman, of Fort Wayne, lost his famous, blooded hunting dog Honest Dick Gladstone last week. He was killed by a trolley car, and was valued at $500. Matt King, of Evansville, has challenged any one in Indiana to a Marathon race in turkey picking. He says he can pick 173 turkeys in eight and one-half hours. King says he is bacLed by his employers, Lowenthal & Co., in a $1,000 bet against all comers. - Dr. Gillie, City Health Inspector at Fort Wayne, found all but one of the twenty cattle on the Allen County Poor Farm tuberculous after a test, and the Commissioners had them killed and must buy a new herd. T. A. Russell, of Shelbyville, the president of the Waldron Poultry Club, has in his possession a fine bred Plymouth Rock pullet which is a curiosity. It has no bill, but has a mouth and perfectly formed pug nose and nostrils. The eyes are set in the head just like any other chicken's eyes. The bird is almost fullgrown. , Ernest Moore, living about four miles east of Milton, shot a chicken hawk that had carried away several fine chickens. The bird measured four feet from tip to tip. The Knox County Corn Growers' Association will hold its annual farmers' Institute and corn show at the Indiana Presbyterian church, near Decker, December 1G and 17. The program inj eludes addresses by D. F. Maish, of Frankfort, and Mrs. Virginia Meredith, !of Cambridge City. Prizes ranging ifrom $10 to $1 will be awarded for the best exhibits of Knox County corn.

Three cases of measles have developed at Bov.ding Green and many persons have been exposed to the disease. It has been fifteen years since an epidemic of the disease struck the town. Fire of uncertain origin destroyed a new barn owned by Peter Weiland, & florist, located a mile west of Newcastle, entailing a loss of about $3,500, with insurance to the amount of $1,800. In addition to the barn a horse, thirty tons of hay, over two hundred bushels of corn and other grain and farming implements were consumed. Willis Hale, a stock buyer of Mnncie, has created a sensation there by circulating a petition addresesd to Governor Marshall, asking for a pardon for Dr. Nelson B. Ross, who, a few weeks ago, was sentenced to the Michigan City prison for life for the murder of Daniel Linder, a Muncie & Portland traction conductor. A gray eagle, weighing twenty pounds and measuring seven feet from wing tip to tip, was crippled and captured alive by Henry Mauck and John Knight, farmers north of Owensville. Both farmers shot twice at the huge bird as it swooped down a short distance from their homes. The" eagle fought furiously before the farmers made it a prisoner. While in a somnambulistic sleep on a fast Lake Shore train, J. M. Ashcroft, aged 70, of Redkey, Ind., walked off the train while it was running sixty mile3 an hour, near Chesterton, and was practically uninjured. He fell on a parallel track, and while getting up was struck by another train. He received a slight scalp wound, and was able to continue his journey. At the marriage in Greenfield of Nelson B. Clift, aged 70, a wealthy farmer, and Mrs. Lesha E. Bussell, a company of uninvited friends of the couple called at the home of the bride and ordered an elaborate wedding supper which had been prepared without the knowledge of the newlyweds and charged the bill to the elderly bridegroom. Clift saw the joke and paid the bill. The Rt. Rev.- Herman J. Alerding. bishop of the diocese of Fort Wayne, recently began the tenth year of his episcopate. He was raised to th bishopric in Fort Wayne nine years ago, coming from Indianapolis, where he was pastor of St. Joseph's church. The anniversary was made the occasion of a celebration program rendered by the students of St. Augustine's , Academy. Mrs. Lulu Alexander, aged 7 years, is dead at her home in Columbus. A few weeks ago her husband, Vincent Alexander, committed suicide at his home in Franklin. When his wife was told of the suicide by a reporter, Mrs. Alexander said she hau expected it, because her husband had told her he could not bear to see her die first, and as she was then fatally ill Alexander took his own life. The Hoosier Fanciers Association has announced that it will give its annual exhibit of poultry and pet live stock on February 14-21, in Ai.dersoa. Various poultry clubs of Indiana will also hold their annual meeting and exhibit In connection with the local Hoosier Fanciers Association. D. T. Weintick, of Jacksonville, 111., and George E. Ewald, of Cincinnati, have been engaged as judges of the exhibits of poultry. . John C. Albert, aged 93, one of the oldest residents of Paoli, is dead at his home In that city following an illness of over a year. Albert was bora in Pennsylvania and came to Indiana about the time it was first organized as a State. In 1853 Albert was appointed treasurer of Orange County,

and was afterward elected for two terms to the same office. Nineteen years afterward he joined the newborn Greenback party, and was its nominee for Congress from his district in 18S0. He is survived by a wife and two daughters, Mrs. George A. Buskirk, of Indianapolis, and Mrs. Volney Hudleston, of Emporia, Kas. From the vicinity of I-adoga comes the story that a hog lived for three months cohered completely by several hundred bales of straw that hid accidentally been stacked on top of the animal as it lay under a manger in the barn on the farm of Robert Miller. The hog, it is said, lived all that time with no water to drink and nothing to eat but straw. The hog was discovered by George Himes and James Davis, neighbors of Miller, while they were engaged In haiuing straw. The straw was stacked there August 23 and fdiller claims that the dog could have crawled under the straw after It had been stacked in the barn. WTien discovered the hog was almost famished, Himes and Davis say. During its imprisonment the hog had evidently eaten a bale of straw or more. When released from the straw the hog took its fill of water and became sick. Later it revived and now seems a healthy as ever. Work on the construction of the buildings at the Tri-State Fair Grounds in Evansville, to be used this winter by the Norris-Rowe circus, has begun. The performers will arrive about the first of the year for winter practice. The Muncie Poultry and Pet Stock Association is. arranging to give its first annual exhibit the last week in January. The Association has about fifty members. Pet stock of all kinds will be Included and the dog exhibit is expected to be complete. The fifth annual exhibition of the Young America Poultry and Pet Stock Association will be held at Young America from December 27 to January 1. J. C. Long will be the judge. An unruly cow broke away from Pearl Roe, the owner, who had just bought her at an auction sale, and ran into the Brown & Son grocery store In Greentown, which was crowded with women and children at the f time. There was a scramble for place:, of safety, but the cow stopped In the center of the store and was re moved without serious trouble. John Mason, aged 21, an oil field . worker, fell into the drilling machinery upon which he was working at Oakland City and was probably fatally crushed. John Nohl, aged 72 years, a pioneer dairyman of Indianapolis, who lived at 91 G Lasselle street, was found dead in his bujgy while riding west in East Tenth street The ambling hcrse was noticed by Arthur T. Rankin, 2425 East i Tenth street, and he investigated, find ing Nohl's dead body in the buggy. Death was probably due to heart disease.

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