Plymouth Tribune, Volume 8, Number 49, Plymouth, Marshall County, 9 September 1909 — Page 1

PLYMOUTH UNE - I;ccor,Ior's Office fc PLYMOUTH. INDIANA. THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER i), 1909. VOLUME VIII NO. 49

THE

TRIE

rs i : 1 1 r f f 1 i! V -4 Y I' 1 I 4 i i

HISTORICAL FACTS III REGARD TO HOKE AND INDIAN CHAPEL

An Excellent and Complete Account of Chief in Whose Memory Monument Was Erected History of Chapel.

Historical Facts in Regard to Menominee. The Pottawattomic Indian Chief, Me-no-mi-nce, was the central figure in the disturbances that lead to the recruiting of troops and the removal of the Indians by force from Twin Lakes, Indiana September 4, ls:S. He wa personally known to many of the original settlers of Marshall County, about all of whom however, have long since passed away. In his history of Indian affairs, Rev. Isaac McCoy, a Baptist Missionary, and the founder of Carey Mission on tho St. Joseph river a short distance west of Nile's Michigan, thus speaks of Mc-no-mi-nee for whom the Menominee village was named. Writing from Fort Wayne about 11 he says: "1 hajl been informed by an Indian trader that on tlu- Illinois river (Yellow river, evidently) some hundred miles from Fort Wayne there was a company of religious Put-a-wat-o'-mies, at the 'head of whom was one who was a kind of Preacher whose name was Me-no-mi-nce. As this man exhorted his followers to abstain from ardent spirits an'd many other vices, and to practice many good morals, and as part of their religious services consisted in praying, I was induced to hope that their, minds were 'somewhat prepared to re ceive religious instruction. My circumstances were such that I could not visit them at that time, but I wrote he leader to come to Ft: Wayne to see me, which he did about April 1. 1S21. He professed to have been called some few years previously by the Great Spirit to preach to the Indians that they should forsake their evil practices, among which he enumerated the vice of drunk-' enness, theft, murder, and manj other wicked practices. He had a few followers, the number of which was increasing. Menominee appeared to be more meek nnd more reary to receive instruction than could have been expected from a 'wild man who had arrogated to himself claim? to be a leader not only in temporal but alo in spiritual things. At his particular request I gave him a writing in which I states that he haul been several davs with me, that I had heard him preach and pray, and had conversed with him. that I hoped his instruction would do Iiis people good, and therefore requested al! to treat him with kindness. "Now," said he, "I will go home and preach to my people all my life. I will tell them that my father says I tell the truth." ' In June following Rev Mr. McCoy visited Menominee at his village near Twin Lakes, in what is now Marshall County. It wa then unorganized territorv. Of that visit Rev Mr. McCoy said: "As we approached the village Menominee and others met us with all the si.gns of joy and gladness which could have been expected from these poor creatures. Menominee immediately

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Miss Julia Ouakano Po'ka-gon, Granddaughter of the Late C;uef Pokagon. Miss Po-ka-gon Unveiled the Menominee Monument at Twin Lakes Saturday.

cried aloud to his people, all of whom (18-21) lived in four little bark huts, informing them that their father had arrived. I was no sooner seated by their invitation than men, women and children came around and gave me their hand, even infants were brought that I might take them by the hand. A messenger was immediately dispatched to a neighboring village to announce my arrival. In his absence -Menominee asked me if I had come :o reside annong them. Receiving evasive answers he expressed great concern. He said the principal chief of their party and all the people of the villages with few exceptions desired me to o ne. He showed me a place which he had selected for me to 'mild a house upon. Their huts being exceedingly hot and unpleasant. I proposed taking a scat out of -doors. The yard was immediately swept and mats spread lVr me to either sit or lie upon. We were presently regaled with a bowl of boiled turtle's eggs ; next came a kettle of sweetened water for us to drink. I was then shown a large turtle which had been taken in a pond and asked if I were fond of it.

Fearing that with their (rooking I should not be able to eat it, I replied that I was very fond of corn and beans. This I knew was already over the fire. It was placed before us in one large wooden bowl, and wc ate it with wooden ladles. Me-no-mi-nee hau two wives, each of whom presented me with a bark box of sugar containing ibout thirtv pounds each. "In a short time the prnicipal chief, Peheeko (Checose) and .very man and almost every wo man and child in his village avert, .at Menominee's and, all came and shook hands. On arrival of Poheeka we had resum ed our station in the house where I handed out my tobacco, and all smoked until the smoke and Fumes became almost insufferable, but mustered courage to remain as '"supposed it would be impolite to leave the room at that time. A Visit to Poheeko. In compliance with an invitation from the principal chief of his 'band Poheeko we paid Mm a visit on the 21st of June 1821, accompanied by Menominee and several others. Poheeko, o show his loyality to the gov ernment, or rather as a token of -espect to me, had hoisted over his hut the American Flag. A arse kettle of hominy and veni don was ready for us on our ar rival. To my mess, beskles some choice pieces, they , added sugar. With the help of my' knife, a wooden ladle, and a good appe tite, I dispatched a reasonable meal, endeavoring at the same ime to endulge in as few '.noughts as possible about the leanliness of the cooks. In pn 'ate thev intimated to my inter reter, Abraham, that they sus pected me to be partial to Meno minee. The lad replied that my

mission was to them all. They said that thev were glad to at

tend the preaching for thev were afraid Menominee did not know how to preaqh good. On this sub ject Abraham replied to them that my business was preaching. teaching school and instructing the Indians in mechanical trades and in agriculture; that Menom inee being a preacher also knew by experience that preachers received but little pay and had but little to give awav. 1 then inform ed them that I desired to address them solely on the subject of religion and wished the women also to hear. They were called but were ashamed to come into the house, it not leing customary for women to mingle with men when in a council from which they could not distinguish this assembly. The females generally seated thems-eh-es outside of the house but near enoiyjh to hear. All listened attentively to the discourse, and then retired about half an hour, which time the principal men employed in private conversation. When we reassembled they made the following reply : 'Our Father: We are glad to see you and have you among us. We are convinced that you come amongst us from motives of charity. We believe that you know what to tell us, and that ypu tell us the truth. We are glad to hear that you are coming amongst us to live near us, and when you shall have arrived we will visit your house often and hear you speak of these good things." The 1kw1 of hominy was then passed arounVl the company again ; all smoked, shook hands, and parted in friendship. On leaving some of them gave their blessing. The benediction of one was as follows: "May the Great Spirit preserve your energy and health and conduct you safely to your family, give success to your labors, and bring you back to us ajgain." Mr. McCoy remained two da's. During the time he said: "Menominee delivered to his people a lecture. He had no ceremony but commenced without even rising to his feet and spoke with much energy." Menominee Had Two Wives. Mr. McCoy continues: "A little after dark the company dispersed and all shook hands with me as they had done at meeting. When we were alone Menominee informed me that he had two wives. Some had said if I had knowledge of this circumstance I would push him aawy from me." "I tell you" said he, "that you may know it. It is a common custom among our people, and often the younger sister of the wife claims it as a privilege to become a second wife that she may have some one to provide meat for her. This is the case in regard to my two wives who are sisters. I did not know it was wrong to take a second wife; but if you say it is wrong I will put one of them away." This I thought like cutting off a hand oi pulling out an eye, because it offended and I therefore said 1 must think before I speak in regard to it." "Menominee at one time showed me a square stick on which he had ''made a mark for every sermon he had preached. I then showed him in my journal the list of texts from -which I had preached at different times showinjg at the same time that what I had preached at different times had been taken from such and such places in our good book. He immediately began counting his marks and mine in order to acccrtain which of us had preached most frequently during the course of the year. Finding a considerable difference in my favor he pleaded his inferiority. He must now see all my -books and pa pers, hear me read notwithstand ing he could not understand a word I attempted to write in m journal, but he kept so close to me that I had to defer it. I retir edinto the bush to make some hastv notes with mv pencil bur he followed and in a few minutes was soon gazing at me. "The weather being excessively hot and we being obliged to use water taken from a filth v pond, the flies exceedingly severe to our horses, and our situation in every respect being very unpleasant and unwholesome Abraham, who was already sick insisted on our leaving. He said: "We stay here, I'm sure we die; our horses die too. Me no want to die here. Menominee called together all his people of whom I took an affectionate leave after promising them that, if practicable, I would visit them again when tiie leavVs began to fall. Menominee walked with us half a mile, begged a continuance of our friendship, declared that he would continue to please God and do right and so we parted." "Among these tribes," said Mr McCoy, "we rarely saw the men laboring in the field. The cultivation of the field was almost universally esteemed the business of the women. On our return trip we passed a small field in which (Cont'nuod to Ith Pace)

THE POTTAWATTOMIE AN ADDRESS BY

Messrs. Tinstees and Ftllow Citizens: The unveiling of this Monument this day, September 4, 1909, reveals the following inscription: "IX MEMORY OF CHIEF MENOMINEE AND HIS RA Mi OF 8i9 rOTTMVATTOMIE INDIANS REMOVED FROM THIS RESERVATION SEPTEMBER 4. 1838. . BY A COMPANY OF SOLDIERS UNDER COMMAND OF (JEN. JOHN TIPTON AUTHORIZED HY GOVERNOR DAVID WALLACE. GOVERNOR J. FRANK 1IANLY. AUTHOR OF LAW: REPRESENTATIVE DANIEL McDONALD, PLYMOUTH. TRUSTEES: (JOL. A. F. FLEET, CULVER COL. WILLIAM HOYNES. NOTRE DAME MR. CHARLES T. MATTINGLY. PLYMOUTH SITE DONATED HY JOHN A. McFARLlN. TWIN LAKES )

In order that there may he a fair utvler standing in rtgard to the important events that resulted in the erection of 1 hi monument and the historical events that tinall) lead up to the removal of ntarly one thousand 1'ottawattomie Indiana by a cumpanj of soldiers recruited for that purpose, whose onkrä were to use force if necessary to pre vent any from escaping, it seems important on this occasion that the facts should be stated, and that' the truth may be known and the cruel treatment of the rightful own ers of the beautiful country stretched out before us in driving them away and robbing them of their homes without compensation, should be fastened upon the guilty parties; and therefore the following statement of facts is submitted to a candid world: The 1'ottawattomie tribe of Indians cam, .nto possession of what has since come to he known as "Menominee's Reserve," through a treaty negotiated by Jonathan Jen nings, John W. Davis and Marks Crumc oi. he part of the United States, and the chiefs of the Pottawattomies. This treaty was helo on the banks of the Tippecanoe river, near the Michigan Koad. three miles north ot Rochester, October 2, 152. A record of thi treaty may be found in "A Compilation of all .he Treaties between the United States and the Indian Tribes," published by the Unitcu States 17: at page OKI. In this treaty, exten sive reservations belonging to the 1'ottawattomie Indians were ceded to the United States, from which a number of small reservations were given to certain Chiefs and .heir bands named therein as follows: Article 2. From the session aforesaid, the 'ollowing, reservations are made: For the band of Au-be-nau-be, thirty-six sections, to include his Village (in Fulton County.) For the bands of Me-no-mi-nee, Na-ta-kah, Muck-kah-tah-mo-wa. and Pe-piii-a-waw, 22 sections (the same which afterwards was known as "Me-no-mi-nee Reserve" on which this monument stands, about the center, north and south.) Previous to thi treaty the Pottawattomies had owned by right of possession and by treaty, all the land in the whole of this part of the country. Menominee village which was located a short distance north of the middle Twin Lakes, was the principal village in this region of country. Settlement evidently began there by the 1'ottawattomies not many years after the passage of the Ordinance of 1787. just when tlu-re is no means of knowing. There was a settlement and the old Indian Chapel on the banks of the lake as early as lt27, as Ni go, an . Indian, who died in Plymouth, a few years ago said he was married in tint chapel in lSt!7. Certain it is that the Village and Chapel were there lon before the treaty of l."C2 setting apart to Mi-no-mi-nee and ffhtrs the 'ii sections above noted. At the time of the removal of the Indians from thi village it contained near one hundred wig warns, log ecbins and tepees .scattered promiscuously over several ;-.cres of ground. Around and among the wigwams were part ly cleared cornfields from which the Indians raised considerable inferior corn. '1 he chapel l'titr lurge for those davs, and was considered a very comfortable building for the purooses for which it vas intended. It was built of hewed poplar logs and covered with clapboards; its dimensions being ab;ut 'hirty by forty feet, with doors and windows, rnd a room above the west end for be missionary priest to live in. Services were held in this chrpel until the Indians were driven away in IXJS, when it was closed rnd never alterwards ueT for that purpose. It was an object of curiosity for those who pasted that way for many years later, but it was finally torn down and no traces of it now remain. At a treaty made and concluded at a camp near Yellow river in the Stte of Indiana between Abel C. Pepper, commissioner, on he part of the United Statt s and Pemnawah. Natawka and Mackatawmo.nh on behalf of the 1'ottawattomie Indians and their band? the .rth o-y of August Kill, the said Pottawattomie Indians ceded the 22 Sections of I.iikI loven to them lv the tretty of Octol r 2. lsi2 for the sum of Mw, and further agreed to leave the reservation within i yrWrs for . reservation provided for them v-st of tt-r (issippi river Menominee, the principal chief to whom the " sections '.:(! been piven to hint and the other chiefs named, deelined to sitn the treatv. and the Tovrmn'prt reco d o treaties shows that '-f !id not siioi it. On the fith of Augost Kf, the time stipulated in the tre?y for the Indians PepinN'ptaka and Vackattwmoah to emierate having epvired. and they and Mrnominee declininr to go. a Council was held Pt Menominee village at which Col. Pepper fovernment agent was present, and most of the chiefs in that pnrt of the country, as also many white residents in the neighborhood. The treaty was read wherein it was fhown that in reding their lands the Indians who had igned the treaty bid agreed to remove to the Western reservation within two

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The Statue of Chief Menominee

INDIAN MONUMENT DANIEL McDONALD. years and the date was then at hand when they must go. It was plain to those present who were tamiliar witli the Indian character that there was a great dissatisfaction among them, and a spirit of rebellion growing, which, if not &otn surpressed would probably lead to serious results. The leader and principal spokesman for the Indians was Menominee. He had refused to sign the treaty and persistently declined to release to the government his interest in the reservation. When Col. Pepper had made his final appeal, and all had had thei; say, Menominee arose to his feet, and, drawing his costly blanket around him, through an Interpreter he addressed the Council as follows: "Members of the Council The President does not know the Truth. He, like me. has been imposed upon, die does not know that you made my young chiefs drunk ant got their consent and pretended to get min lie does not know that I have retused t .sell my lands and still reluse. He would ti by tone drive me from my home, thy j-fives of my tribe, and my children vhd siiave gone to the Great Spirit, nor allow wou to tell me your braves will take me tied like a dojr it he knew the toth. My Brothel the President, is just, but he listens to the wcrd of young. chiefs who have lied; and when he knows the truth he will leave me tj my own. 1 have not sold my lands; 1 will not sell them. I have not signed any treaty, and will not sign any. 1 am not going to leave my lands, and I dont want to hear anything more about it." Describing the scene, one who was present said: "Amid the applause of the chiefs he sat down. Spoken in the peculiar style of tie Indian orator although repeated by an interpreter with an eloquence of which L Logan would have been proud, his presence the personification of dignity, it presented one of those rare occasions of which history gives but few instances, and on the man ol true appreciation, would have made a most profound impression." Considerable time was spent in trying to pursuade Menominee and his following to accept the inevitable and remove peaceably to the reservation provided for them, as, if they did not, the Government would be compelled to remove them by force. Without accomplishing anything, l.owever, the council adjourned. Menominee was a wise and experienced chief and he knew that the l.nal consumption was near at hand. Menominee's speech and the occurrences thai ook place during the session of the council, fired the hearts of his followers with a determination to resist the government orhttre in their evident intention to remove htm, peaceably if they could, forcibly if Ley must. 1 he consequence was they became rluiost frr.ntic end uncontrollable. IHirinir the next t-A-o it three weeks, sevtj.1 white men v. ho had squatted on the cM-t Valien expecting to enter the land as -on as the Indian had gone away, urged hi the disturbances, and in order to make matters worse several of the Indian Wigwams were set tire to and destroyed, and t!iis resulted in retrdiation on the part of the Indians. In this alarming condition of affairs a nun-.hcr of cttlt-rs eaily in August IK'S petitioned the Governor of Indiana for protection against what they believed would Le disastrous consequences. On this subject in his message to the Legislature of In'i?na December 4, ls;:s. Governor David Wallace ;iJ: "liv the conditions of the late treaty with the Pott?wattomie tribe of Indians in Indiana, the tme stipulated for their departure 'o Ibe West of the Mississippi expired on lh (th of Acgust last. As this trying moment approrched a strong disposition was manifested by many of the most influential rm :r,g the in to disregard the treaty entirely, rnd to el'n to the homes and graves ot thtir fathers st all hazards. In conseiu nee of such a determination on their p;.rt. a collision of the most serious character wis 1-ket;- to ensue between them and the surrounding settlers. Apprehensive of such a result, and with a view t prevent i. nn:e of the eitirens of Marshall County earlv in the month of August, forwarded to the Executive a petition praying that an rrr-ed firce inipht be immediately sent to tht ir protection. ( n receipt of this petition I repiired as speedily as circumstances wottl.j permit to the r-ftie of difficulty in order o satisfy n-ysclf by a personal examination whether their fears vere Justifiable or not. On my return to Iiansport a formal reri"sition awaited me from the Indian Agent Col A. C. Pepper, for 100 armed volunteers to be placed under the command of some rrmpetert citizen of the State whose duty it should be to preserve the peace and to aires the erowin? spirit of hostility displayed by the Indians. The requisition was instantly granted. I appointed the Hon. John Tipton to this command and gave him authority to raise the necessary ramber of volunteers. He promptly and patriotically ac ccpted the appointment, and although sickr.ess and disease prevailed to an alarming

i

5J extent throughout northern Indiana, yet such was the spirit and patriotism of the people there that in about forty-eight hours after the requisition was authorized the re quisite force was not only mustered but was transported into the midst of the Indians be fore they were aware of its approach, or before even they could possibly take steps to repel it. The rapidity of the movement, the unknown decision and energy of Gen. Tipton, backed by his intimate acquaintance with the Indians whom it was his bust ness to quiet, accomplished everything desir ed. The refractory became complacent; opposition to removal ceased: and the whole tribe, with a few exceptions amounting to 800 or n voluntarily prepared to emigrate. Gen. Tipton and the volunteers accompanied them as far as Danville, 111, administering to them on the way whatever comlort and relief humanity required. There they were delivered over to Judge Polke and the United States movin agents. Copies oi all the communications and reports made to the executive by Gen. Tipton while in the dis charge of -this duty 1 lay bVre you, from which I feel assured yon will discover with myself th2t much credit and many thanks are due not only to him. but to all who as sisted him in bringing so delicate an affair to so happy and successful a termination. It will be observed by perusing the message of General Tipton which will be inserted later in this connection, that neither Menominee or any other of the Indians were in any way consulted in regard to the matters in dispute. Undoubtedly the information forwarded to Governor Wallace was furnished him by one Watters and others associated with him who were waiting to enter the lands as soon as the Indians had been driven away, a pre-emption law having been enacted by Congress immediately aftej- the three chiefs above named had ceded their interest to the United States. Watters was aided in his scheme by a few others who joined him in working the Indians up to a point of frensy where armed soldiers would be necessary to quell the disturbance and remove the Indians from the Reservation. On the day prior to the exodus a meet ing ol the Indians was held at the little graveyard a short distance north of th vil. läge ,at which a final farewell of the dead was taken by those who were to leave the toiiowi-g morning never to return. Addresses wete made by the chiefs nresent and by several white settlers. The seen w-a to have been affecting in the extreme. Weepauu waning, wnicn- was contined to a few at first, soon became general and until hey were finally induced to disperse, it looked as thou if h a riot would In solemn reverence thev turned their weepnits wies irom tnc sleeping dead never to look upon the graves of their kindred again. .J:ar,y tl,e "t morning. September 4. itws, seventy-one years ago todav order. were given by General Tipton to move. The Kams, caoins, ana tepees were torn down and destroyed, and Menominee village, the largest in the county had the appearance of having boen swept by a tornado, and immediately thereafter nearly one thousand men women and children, with broken hearts and tearful eyes, took up the line of march to their far distant home beyond the Mis"uurr bigni was ever wit""V ne great northwest as a result ot the dealings of the whites with thelndians, the original owners and first inhabifinri 4Sjf nil at.. a. b c V " 5 vasl country, it was not justified by the facts as they appear by the -........ v... iciuius, ana Dy indisputable evidence; and. as shown by the report of ' "ime not so intended was cruel and almost inhuman! It makes one's blood run cold to realize the amount of sulf. er.ng that fc 1 to the lot of the many old and leeble Indians and a .i mothers and their pappooses, dragged along through the wilderness those hot sultry summer iays witli unpalatable food and pond vater unft to drink. The following is abridged from General lVton da''y journal of the principal occurrences that took place on the w-ay, as V- crnor uavid Wallace: i uesopv, jsentemher i. ii4ir. t.: Lakes. Marshall County. Indiana, early this morning. 1 raveling today was attended with ..s,ress on account of the Scarcity ot wa.tr. lrovisions and forage were also very scarce and of poor quality. The distance nid.ie W.-.S twenty-one milts. Wednesday 5th. Fiffv-nnr found to be unable to continue the "Tourney on account of the want of transportation, and : cic mi, me most ol them sick, with some I1'! rf. f,jr bem. On account of the difficulty of finding water, a distance of only nine miles uns traveled. Un the evenug of this day a uicu anu was Duned the next morning. Tl.i.rdn.. r.tU A j- . ......... Uj in. .-I distance ot seventeen miles was traveled and less of suffering and difficulty was experienced than on any of the r"-evr." c-v. nvr-ng ne ev-ning nine per oenino ine oay betöre came into camp. Friday 7th Thirteen ' persons more of the number left behind on Wednesday came into imp. I-.ighteen persons belonging to the ciMerent ramps rlso joined the expedition A ehii.l died in the morning. Sifi'r.lay Mb A child three year old die." -"ft s h"-d. A ch:ef namH We-w!-s-w bic r-r-'b' rirf irt rnncict'nc of nine " - n'.... ... rr r o ..-I. ! b " ' V,i hr-n l-f rwbi"H at f"hinnw on l'inwnr r""- norb of Ur-chpctor on Wed -cii, -rt,rr"'t Vrir"T',' "rv-'o rrcon. b ! pi-n-Wr l-ft bfbin' .exeunt nnt 'rt M-rr ,.-Mf o tr-i'-H and t fw wb bid rrT',p,d to fccaoe. If vas arranged for t.r . 1'- brl-;n,l to lie taken care of until " I ' To-red rn the wiy. '"''" I'll PIiiTt!'""t r"mi ito r-mn ' rrroret . MwMit ?0 rice of irknes. tvb'rti tbv pronoiireed of a temporary char, actrr. A kind of hospital was erected to facilitate the administering of medical treatment. Two children died this dry. Monday 10th. The journey was renewed and twenty-one persons, inclusive of sick and their attendants were left behind. The day was hot, but as the journey was made along (Continued to 8th Page)

1111 UNVEILING SERVICES

HI LAKES

Large Crowd Present to Witness Dedication of Shaft to Former Residents of this Section of Country.

HON. DANIEL McDONALD. To the Honerable Daniel McDonald, through whose efforts as Representative from Marshall county ,in the legislature of 1907 a monument to the memory of the Pottawattomie Indians in Marshall county, was made possible, we presume to dedicate this issue of the Plymouth Tribune. Mr. McDonald has furnished us with the wealth of data concerning the eaily history of these former possessors of this land, from which no doubt they were disposed wrongfully Mr. - McDonald understands these forgotten people probably better than any other resident of the state of Indiana. He has mingled with them, studied them and loved them. And he has not forgotten, them and now the monument which - is unveiled to their memory, stands alone as a remembrance of the devotion of a living man, to an imposed upon, and almost extinct race. After several months of pre paration the monument of Menominee, the old chief of the Pottawattomie In'dians, when they were located in Marshall count', was dedicated at Twin Lake Station, amidst impressive ceremonies at 2 o'clock Saturday afternoon. A number of Pottawatomie Indians from the reservation near Hartford, Mich., the descendants of the race who formerly lived about the banks of beautiful Twin Lakes, were present :d toolo part iu ih i tinvcliing tcrtmcnies. The program for the unveiling, as carried out, was as follows: 1. Calling to order by the Chairmaji. 1 2. Invocation. .Very Rev. An drew Morrissey, Provincial of the Congregation of Holy Cross, or Rev. John Cavanai'.gh, President of the University of Notre Dame. 3. Overture,.. Plymouth Band. 4. Address,. .Col. Vm. Hoynes . Unveiling Address ( Rev. Ernest C. Wareing C. Response by Miss Julia Qua-ka-no Po-ka-gon, who unveiled the Monument. 7. Historical Address Daniel McDonald. 8. Music, Plymouth Band 9. Address Congressman Henry A Barnhart. 10. Atldress, "Civilization and the Indian race," Michael Williams (Indian) 11. Short Addresses by Visitors and Others. 12. Music and Adjournment. Work of Trustees. A complete and detailed history of the Pottaawattomie Indians of Chief Menominee and of the old Indian Chapel is given elsewhere, in the address of Daniel McDonald and other sketches. On March 12, 1907, the Indiana Legislature approved an act, entitles an act providing for the .

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Chief Po4cagon, the Last of. the Pottawattomie Chiefs, who Died a few Years Ago in the Indian Reservat tion in Michigan.

ARE IMPRESSIVE

purchase of suitable grounds at Menominee Village, Marshall count v, the erection of a monu-m-ent thereon, the rebuilding of the old Indian chapel, making appropriations for the 'same, and -providing for the appoyrtment of three trustees. This act was introduced by Representative Daniel McDonald of Marshall county. Tire appropriation was in the amount of $2,500. Later Governor J. Frank Hanley, appointed as trustees,, the Messrs. Col. Alexander F., Fleet, Culver, Ind; Col. Wm. Hoynes' Notre Dame, Ind., and Charles T. Mattingly, Plymouth I ml. It -was through the! labor of these three tha:t the monument was contracted for, design accepted, and shaft finally erected. B. C. SouthwOrth and Son of Plymouth secured the contract for the erection of the monument, which is of Barre granite. The trustees cast about for some timie, in efforts to secure a site for the monument. The original site of the Indian Chapel was not available, because of a serious cloud over the title. The present site accepted, was generously donated by J. A. McFarlin. The unveiling ceremonies of the , Menominee Indian monument at Twin Lake, was attended by a crowd conservatively estimated at 3000, Saturday afternoon. Over four hundred from Plymouth were in attendance. Villagers remarked that it was the largest crowd that ever was, or ever will be at Twin Lake station at one time. Tc unveiling -;vas carried out as related in the ' Tribune of Saturday. The unveiling speech delivered by Rev. E. C. YVarcing of Plymouth, was is 'follows : Unveiling Address for the Menominee Monument by Rev. Ernest C. Wareing. Mr. Chairman, Ladies, and Gentlemen : , We arc gathered here today to dedicate a monument to a departed people, to commemorate the passing of the Indian from these. Sehls, forests and placid lakes. Vy we do this may appear to some as mere sentiment, bit to those who seek to deal justly and love merry, it is a sentiment backed by a sense of justice and a kq regard for the right. It may be true that all Indians do not deserve a monument, but it is also true, that some amon them are -worthy of every record and meiiiorv we make ot them. Let it be said one and for all in defense of the Indian, his is the only race which has resisted unto the last the white man and his civilization. rTature has so constructed him that he seems to be unable to be absorbed. He is by natural constitution in conflict with our restraints. The Negro meets the white man and becomes hi? slave, not so, with the Indian. He will not be ruted by the authority of another, 'slavery to him is suffocation. The Chinaman meets the white man and becomes his servant, not so with til'- Trepan. He could be no man's sen ant r.'d when the bemg with the up turned faces, whor. God hath ivcn the power to tile t!e (Continued to Pace 4)

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