Plymouth Tribune, Volume 6, Number 10, Plymouth, Marshall County, 13 December 1906 — Page 2

THE PLYMOUTH TRIBUNE. PLYMOUTH, IND. HENDRICKS & CO.. . Publisher.. 1906 DECEMBER 1906

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TL. Q.fTN. M. 7v F. Q.F.M 8th lilSth V 22ndA 57 3Ctn PAST AND PKESENT AS IT COMES TO US FROM ALL CORNERS OF THE EARTH. Telegraphic Information Gathered by the Few for the Enlightenment of the Many. Terrible Tragedy at Jackaoa, Ohio. The most tragic event in the history of Jackson, Ohio, occurred Sunday when Elmer McNeal. a demented coal miner, armed with two big pistols began shooting In a crowded trolley car leaving that city for Wellston, Ohio, Instantly killing Harry White, a young man employed at the D., T. & I. car shops; mortally wounding J. D. Van atta, piano agent, of Newark, Ohio, and severely wounding J. E. Kinison, su perintendent of the public schools of Jackson, Ohio. After some half a dozen shots had been fired by the frenzied man he was thrown through the car window. Reloading his pistols he made his way up town, pursued by officers and citizens, who shot him through the head, fatally wounding him, after a running fight McNeal was twice a patient at the Athens in sane asylum, but was not considered dangerous. All of his victims were to tal strangers to him. Ualted State Seaatar Shat. Former United States Senator Ar thur Brown, of Utah, lies in a critical condition in Emergency Hospital at Waralngton from a pistol shot by Mrs. Anna M. Bradley . of Salt Lake City. The shooting occurred in Senator Brown's apartment in the Raleigh hotel, where Mrs. Bradley also had registered un der the name of A. B. Brown. She was arrested. In a statement Mrs. , Bradley said she came to Washington to demand that Senator Brown marry her. She said their relations were well known in Salt Lake. Trolley Car Goes Dow a Embaakateat. A car of the East Liverpool Traction and Light Company was derailed at the approach to the Jethro trestle in the west end of East Liverpool. Ohio, and plunged over a twenty-flve-foot embankment One man was killed and all of the passengers were injured. Several, it is thought, will die. The car was bound from Wellsvllle to East Liverpool, and was carrying many passengers. The man killed was James Vale, a stationary engineer, 65 years old, of Wellsville. Kobbrra Cremate laralld. Robbers are believed to have murdered Miss Sarah Wiley, a lifelong invalid, and then set her home on fire to hide their crime! The house was burned and the woman's body incinerated. Miss Wiley was 22 years old, and lived with her mother near New Bedford, Ohio. She met death while her mother was in Cambridge. Neighbors say they saw two men drive away from the house shortly before the flames broke out. Faraltare Factory Destroyed. The buildings and contents of the Kendallville Furniture Company, near Peru, Ind., were destroyed by fire, causing a loss of $65,000. Benjamin Jones. ;t'ie night watchman who discovered the flames, was seriously injured by falling debris. One hundred men are thrown out of employment. The plant, was formerly located at Kendallville. and was located at a suburb called Oakdale, just outside the fire limits. Loae Robber Coaaea to Grief. ' . After a daring attempt to rob the J. V. Brinkman. Company bank.' of Great Bend, Kas., single-handed, a man who gave his name as George A. Lewis of Kansas City, was surrounded and captured. Bud Westfall, a driver for the Wells Fargo Express Company, was killed by a shot fired by one of the pursuers. He later admitted his name was Joseph S. Kerns, of Chicago. Slity Japaaese Seamen Drowsed. . A number of sampans, small hart or boats belonging to tthe Japaneso cruiser Ichltose, were caught in a squall at Tokio while returning from a "trip. A number of the boats were overturned and sixty men were clrowned. Terre Haute Barg-ala store Burard. Fire gutted the East End Baiajn store cn Wabash avenue at Terre Haute, Ind., causing a loss of $15,000. The origin of the fire is unknowr. f-400,000 Fire at Moat real. Fire burned out three buildings In the wholesale dry goods section of Montreal, Que. The total loss is $400,00. The losses were distributed among nine firms, totally burned out, and half a dozen with partial loss. Bawlaeaa Seetloa Wlaed Oat. The entire business sectlin of San Seba. Texas., was wiped out by fire. The losses aggregate $100,000, partially insured. Grand Jury Accuses Con-pan! es. The Union Pacific railroad, Union Pacific Coal Company, Oregon' Short Line and officials of the latter two companies ar accused of fraud and n horns Hon af perjury in connection with allegad land thefts in indictments voted by the federal grand jury in Salt Lake Cit?. Three Illinois Banks Closer. Banks at Macomb, Colchester ani Barlolph, III., owned by C. V. Chandler, the business and political leader of McDonough county, have been closed owing nearly $800,000, principally to farmers and miners. Crazed by Eesponslbility. Constant fear that he would" make a mistake that would cause a wreck and !eath to many drove James Oliver Page, Iay foreman in the Baltimore and OLio railroad yards in Cincinnati, to blow his brains out. Three 7ounded in Street Duel. ä ia as, m ii l uci tv i uxi piSLiiS t WtTtJU two negroes in Leavenworth, Kan., James Snmlera, a coal miner, was fatally wounder! and Richard Nichols, a negro deputy t Lei iff, and 1 nomas Gray, also a negro, mere dangerously hart. Nichols and Sanier quarreled ever a card game.

1 N preside!? t'$ JVtes3age

To tl ) Senate and House of Represent' lives: As a nation we still continue to enjoy a literally unprecedented prosperity ; and ir is probable that only reckless speculation and disregard of legitimate business methods on the part of the business world can materially mar this prosperity. No Congress in our time 1ms lonc more pood work of importance than the present Congress. There were several matters left unfinished at your last session, howeer, which I most earnestly hope you will complete before your adjournment. Campaign Contribution. I again recommend a law prohibiting all corporations from contributing to the campaign expenses of any party. Iet individuals contribute as they desire; but let us prohibit in effective fashion al? corporations from making contributions for any political purpose, directly or indirectly. The Government's Itlffht to Appeal. A bill which has passed one House of the Congress and which it is urgently necessary should be enacted into law is that conferring upon the government the right of appeal in criminal cases on questions jof law. This right exists in many of the States; it exists in the District of Columbia by act of the Congress. I can not too strongly urge the passage of the bill in question. A failure to pass it will result in seriously haompering the government in its effort to obtain justice, especially against wealthy individuals or corporations who do wrong; and may also prevent the government from obtaining justice for wage workers who are not themselves able effectively to contest a case where the judgemnt of an inferior court has been against them. The importance of enacting into law the particular bil; in question is further increased by the. fact that the government has now definitely begun a policy of resorting to the criminal law in those trust and interstate commerce cases where such a ccurse offers a reasonable chance of success. At first, as was proper, every effort was made to enforce tthese laws by civil proceedings; but it has become increasingly evident that the action of the government in finally deciding, in certain cases, to undertake criminal proceedings was justifiable; and tnough there have been some conspicuous failures in these cases, we have had many successes, which have undoubtedly had a deterrent effect upon evil-doers, whether the penalty inflicted was in the shape of fine or imprisonment and penalties of both kinds have already been inflicted by the courts. Of course, where the judge can pee his way to inflict the penalty of imprisonment the deterrent effect of the punishment on other offenders is incre sed ; but sufficiently heavy fines accomplish much. Issuance of lajunctlons. In my last message I suggested the enactment of a law in connection with the issuance of injunctions, attention having been sharply drawn to the matter by the demand that the right of applying injunctions in labor cases should be wholly abolished. It is at least doubtful whether a law abolishing altogether the use of injunctions in such cases would stand the test of the "ouTts; in which case of course the legislation would be ineffective. Moreover, I believe it would be wrong altogether to prohibit the use of injunctions. It is criminal to permit sympathy for criminals to weaken our hands in upholdin? the law ; and if men seek to destroy life or property by mob violence there siiould be no impairment of the power of Iho courts to deal with them in the most summary and effective way possible. But so far as possible the abuse of the power should be provided against by some such law as I advocated last year. In this matter of injunctions there is lodged in the hands of the judiciary a necessary power which is nevertheless subject to the possibility of grave abuse. It is a power that should be exercised with extreme care and should be subject to the jealous scrutiny of all men, and condemnation should be meted out as much to the judge who fails to use it boldly when necessary as to the judge who uses it wantonly or oppressively. , There must be no hesitation in dealing with disorder. But there must likewise be no such atue of the injunctive power as is implied in forbidding laboring men to strive for their own betterment in peaceful and lawful ways T nor must the injunction be used merely to aid some big corporation in carrying out schemes for its own aggrandizement. It must be remembered that a preliminary injunction in a labor case, if granted without adequate proof (even when authority can "be found to support the conclusions of law on which it is founded), may often settle the dispute between the parties ; and therefore if improperly granted may do irreparable wrong. Yet there are many judges who assume 'a matter-of-course granting of a preliminary injunction to be the ordinary and proper . judicial disposition of such cases; and there have undoubtedly been flagrant wrongs committed by judges in connection with labor disputes even within the last few years, although I think mach less often than in former years. Such judges-by their unwise action immensely strengthen the hands of those who are striving entirely to do away with the power of injunction; and therefore such careless use of the injuncnvvoM tnd. to threaten its very existence, for if the American people ever become convinced toot tnis process is habitually abused, whether in matters affecting labor or in matters affecting corporations, it will be well-nigh impossible to prevent its abolition. The Crime of Lynching. In connection with the delays of the law, I call your attention and the attention of the nation to the prevalence of crime among ns, and above all to the epidemic of lynching and mob violence that springs up, now in one part of our country, now in another. Each section, north, south, east'or west, has its own faults; no section can with wisdom spend its time jeering at the faults of another section; it should be busy trying to amend its own shortcomings. To deal with the crime' of corruption it is necessary to have an awakened public conscience, snd to supplement this by whatever legislation will add speed and certainty in the execution of the law. When we deal with lynching even more is necessary. A great many white men are lynched, but the crime is peculiarly frequent in respect to black men. The greatest exciting cause of lynching is the perpetration, especially by. black men, of the hideous crime of rape the most abominable in all. the category of crimes, even worse than murder. Mobs frequently avenge the commission of this crime by themselves tortaring to death the man committing it; thus avenging in bestial fashion a bestial deed, and reducing themselves to a level with the criminal. .Lawlessness grow by what it feeds upon ; and whm mobs begin to lynch for Mi fhpv needilv extend the snhere of their operations and lynch for many other kinds of crimes, so that two-thirds of the lynchings are not for rape at au, wnue a considerable proportion oi me inaiviuuals lynched are innocent of all crime, whom a nv crime committed by a mem ber of one race against a member of an ther race is avenged in sucn iasnion haf if tMm ft a it not tne maiviauai criminal, but the whole race, is attached, the result is to exasperate to- the highest degree race feeling. There is but one safe rule in dealing with black men t with white men ; it is the same rule that must be applied in dealing with rich men and poor men; that is. to treat each man. wnaiever nis coior, ms crreu. " bi position, with even-hand i justice on his real worth as a man. tivery coiorea man should realize that the w;orst enemy of roM u tV.A ru'vm criminal, sad above all the negro criminal who commits the dreadful crime of rape; and it should be fait am tn th highest deirree an offense against the whole country, and against the colored race tn particular, lor a coiorea man to fail to help the officers of the law In hunting down with all possible earnestness and zeal every such infamous tfend- . Moreover, in my judgment, tne crime l.l alwavs be Dunished with death, as is the case with murder; assault with intent to commit rape snouia De mila innial rrimp. At ast in the dlacreticn of the court ; and provision should made by which tne pumsoment may follow immediately upon the heels of the ouense. t There is another matter which has a direct bearing upon this matter cf lynching and of the brutal crime which aoms-

times call it forth and at other times nuTrly f'irnihcs the excuse for its existtnci'. No more short-sighted policy can be imagined than, in the fancied interest of one class, to prevent the education cf ano.'iier class. The free public school, the cliince for each boy or grrl to get a good elementary education, lies ar the found it ion of our whole political situation. In every community the poorest citizens, those who need the schools most, would be deprived of them if they only received school facilities proportioned to the taxes they paid. This is as true of vre K.rtion of .ur country ns of another. Ir is as true for the negro ns for the white man. The white man, if he is wise, will decline to allow the negroes in a mass to grow to manhood and womanhood without educa'ion. ITnquesntionably education such as is obtained in our public schools does aot do everything towards making a man a good citizen; but it does much. The man who acquires education is usually lifted above mere brutal criminally, tireat though the benefit of these schools has been to their colored pupils and to the colored people, it may well be questioned whether the benefit has not been at least as great to the white people among whom these colored pupils live after they graduate. Labor aad Capital.. In dealing with both labor and capital, with the questions affecting both corporations and trades unions, there is one matter more important lo remember than might else, and that is the infinite harm done by preachers of mere discontent. These arc the men who seek to excite a violent class , hatred against all men of wealth. They seek to turn wise and proper movements for the better control of corporations and for doing away with the abuses connected with wealth, into a campaign of hysterical excitem?r.t and falsehood in which the aim is to inflame to madness the brutal passions of mank'nd. The sinister demagogues and foolish visionaries who are always eager to undertake Mich a campaign of destruction sometimes seek to associate themselves with those working for a genuine reform in governmental and social mcthod and sometimes masquerade as such reformers. In reality they are the worst enemies of the cause they profess to advocate, just as the purveyors of sensa ticnal slander in newspaper or magazine are the worst enemies of all men who are engaged in an honest effort to better what is had in our social and governmental conditions. To preach hatred of th. rich man as such, to carry on a campaign of slaj-lcr and invective against him. to wek .o mislead and inflame to medness honest men whose lives are hard and who have not the kind of mental twining which will permit them to appreciate the danger in the doctrines preached all this is to commit a crime against the body politic and to be. false to every worthy principle and tradition of American national life. Corruption is never so rife as in communities where the demagogue and the agitator bear full sway, bee.inse in such communities all moral bards become loosened, and hysteria and sensationalism replace the spirit of so md judgment and fair dealing as between man and man. In sheer revolt against the squalid anarchy thus produced men are sure in the end to turn toward nny lender who can restore order, and then their relief at tein? free from the intolerable burdens of' class hatred, violence, and demagogy is such that they cannot for some time be aroused to indignation against misdeeds by men of wealth; so that they permit a -new growth of the very abuses which were in part responsible for the original outbreak. The one hope for success for our people lies In n resolute and fearless, but sane and coolheaded, advance along the path marked out last year by thi.4 very Congress. There

rurst be a sfern nfusal to be misled into ft .lowing either that base creature who oipeals and panders to the lowest instincts and passions in order to arouse one set of Americans against their fellews. or thatother creature, equally base but no baser, who in a spirit of greed, or to accumulate or add to an already huge fortune, seeks to exploit his fellow-American with callous disregard to their welfare of soul and body. The plain people who think the mechanics, farmers, merchants, workers with head or hand, tne men to whom American traditions are dear, who e their country end try to act c' their neighbors, owe it to thei ..es to remember that iha most damaging blov tLat can be gl pea popular government is to elect an nnworthy and sinister agitator on a platform of violence and hypocrisy. .Whenever such an issue is raised in this country nothing can be gained by flinching from it, for in such case democracy is Itself on. trial, popular selfgovernment under republican forms Is itself on trial. The triumph of the mob is just as evil a thing as the triumph of the plutocracy, and to have e..ped one dr.nger avails nothing t hatetrr if we succumb to the other. ' , Tbe Kltf ht-IIoar Low. . So far as it is in our power, it sLuld b our ahn steadily to reduce the number of hours of labor, with as a goal the general introduction of an eight-hour day. There are industries in which it is not possible that the hours of labor should be reduced ; just as there are communities not far enough advanced for such a movem?nt to be for their good, or, if in the tropics, so srtuated that there is no analogy between their needs, and ours in this .natter. On the isthmus of Panama, for instance, the conditions arc in every way o different from what they are here that an eight-hour day would be absurd; just as if. is absurd, so far as the isthmus is concerned, where white labor cannot be employed, to bother as to whether the necessary work is done by alien black men or by alien yellow men. Hut the wage workers of the United States are of eo high a grade that alike from the merely industrial standpoint and from the civic standpoint it Wild be our object to do what we can in the direction of securing the general observance of an eight-hour d;iy. Until recently the eight-hour law on our federal Statute books has been very scantily observed. Now. however, largely through the instrumentality of the bureau of labor, it is being rigidly enforced.. Labor of Women and Children. Let me again urge that the Congress provide for a thorough investigation of the conditions of child labor and of the labor of women in the United States. More and more our people are growing to recognize the fact that the questions which are not merely of Industrial but of social importance outweigh all others; and these . two questions most emphatically come in the. category of those which affect in the most far-reaching way the home life of the nation. The horrors incident to the employment of young children in factories or at work anywhere are a blot on our civilization. Employers' Liability. In spite of all precautions exercised by employers there are unavoidable accidents and even deaths involved in nearly every line of business connected with the mechanic arts. 'Compensation for accidents or deaths due in any line of industry to the actual conditions under which that industry is carried on, should be paid bv that portion of the community for the benefit of which the industry is carried on that. is. by those who profit by the industry.' If the entire trade risk Is placed upon the employer he will promptly and properly add it to the legitimate cost of production and assess it proportionately upon the consumers of his commodity. It is therefore clear in my mind that the law should place this entire "risk of a trade" upon the employer. Disputes Between Capital and Labor. The commission appointed by the President Oct. 19, 1902, at the request of both the anthracite coal operators and miners, to Inquire into, consider and pass upon the questions in controversy in connection with the strike in the anthracite regions of Pennsylvania and tbe causes out of which the controversy arose, in their report, findings and award expressed the belief "that tbe Btate and Federal governments should provide the machinery for what way be called the compulsory Investigation of controversies between employers and employes when they arise." This expression of belief Is deserving of the favorable consideration of the Congress and the enactment of Its provisions Into law. A b'.ll has already been Introduced to this ead. Many strikes and lockouts would not have occurred had the parties to the dispute been required to appear before an anprejudiced kodj representing the astloa

and. face to face, state the reasons for their contention. In most instance the dispute would doubtless be found to be due to a misunderstanding by each of the other's rights, aggravated by an unwillingness of elthrr party to accept as true the statements of the other as to the Justice or Injustice of the matters In dispute. The exercise of a Judicial spirit by a disinterested body representing the X-'ederal government, such as would be provided by a commission on conciliation and arbitration, would tend to creato an atmosphere of friendliness and conciliation between contending parties; and the glvg each side an eual opportunity to present fully its case in the presence of the other would prevent manv disputes from developing into

serious strikes or lockouts, and, in other cases, would enable the commission to persuade the opposing parties to come to term. Withdrawal of Coal Lands. It Is not wise that the nation should alienate Its remaining coal lands. I have temporarily withdrawn fron settlement all the land which the ceoloslcal survey has Indicated as containing, or in all probabil ity containing, coal. The question, nowever, can i properly settled only ty legis la t Ion, which In my judgment should provide for the withdrawal of these lands from sale or from ontrv, save in certain especial circumstances. The ownership world then remain In the United States, which should not. however, attempt to work them, but permit them to be worked by private indi viduals under a royalty system, I Control tit Corporations. The present Congress has taken long strides In the direction of securing proper surHU vision and control bv tbe national government over corporations engaged la Intei-state business and the enormous ma jority of corporations of any size are en crazed in Interstate business. The passage of the railway rate bill, and only to a less degree the passage of the pure food bill. and the provision for Increasing and ren dering more effective national control over tbe btef-packing Industry, mark an import ant advance In the proper direction. All these laws have alreadv justified their en actment. It mut not be supposed, how ever, that with the passage of these laws It will be possible to stop progress along the line of Increasing the power of the national government over the use of capital In interstate commerce. For example, there will ultimately be need of enlarging the pow ers of the interstate commerce commission along several different lines, so as to give it a larger and more efficient control over the railroads. It cannot often' be repeated that ex perience has conclusively shown the impos sibility of securing by the actions of nearly half a hundred different Stat Legislatures anything but Ineffective chaos In the way of dealing with the great corporations which do not operate exclusively within the limit of any. one State. In some methods, whether by a national license law or in other fashion, we must exercise, and that at an early date, a far more complete control tnan at present over these great corporations a control that will among other things prevent the evils of excessive over-capitalization, and that will compel the disclosure by each big corporation of its stockholders and of Its properties and baslneRK, whether owned directly or through subsidiary or affiliated corporations. This will tend to put 4 stop to the securing of Inordinate profits by favored Individuals at the expense whether of the general public. the stockholders, or the wageworkert . . Our effort should be not so muc l to prev'tt con solidatlon as such, but so to supervise and control it as to 'see that it results In no harm to the people. So the proper antidote to the danierous and wicked agitation against tbe n en of wealth as such Is to secure by proper legislation and executive action the abolition of the grave abuses which actually do obtain in connection with tbe buslnent use of wealth under our present system or rather no system of failure to exercise any adequate control at all. Some persoi. speak as if the exercise of such governmental control would do away with the freedom of individual initiative and dwarf individual effort. This is not a fact. It would be a veritable calamity to fall to put a premium upon individual initiative, indlvldula capacty and effort; upon the energy, character and foresight which it Is, so Important to encourare in the Individual. Uut as a matter of fact the deadening and degrading effect of pure socialism, and the destruction of Individual character wbich they would bring about, are in part achieved by the wholly nnreRUlated competition which results in a single Individual or corporation rising at the expense of all others until his or Its rise effectually checks all competition and reduce former competitors to a position of utter inferiority and subordination. ... In enacting and enforcing such legislation as this Congress already has to ita credit, we are working, on a coherent plan, with the steady endeavor to secure the needed reform by the Joint action cf lbmoderate men, the plain men who do not wlh anything hysterical or dangerous, but who do 'intend to deal in resolute common-, sense fashion with the real and great evils of the present system. The reactionaries and the violent' extremists show symptoms of Joln'ng hands against us. Both assert, for Instance, that if logical, we fhould go to. government ownership of railroads and the like; the reactionaries, because on tuch an issue they think tbe people would stand with them, while the extremists care rather to preach discontent and agitation than to achieve solid results. As a matter of fact, our position Is as remote from that of the Uouibon reactionary as from that of the Impracticable or sinister visionary. We h-'ld that the government should not conduct the business of the nation, but that It should exercise such supervision as will Insure its being conducted In the Interest of the nation. Our aim Is, so far as may le, to secure, for all decent, hard working men, equality of opportunity and equality of burden- . , The actual working of our laws has showu that the effort to prohibit all combination, good or bad. Is obnoxious where.lt Is not effective. Combination of capital, like combination of labor. Is a necessary lement of onr present industrial system, it Is not possible completely to prevent It ; ind If It were possible, such complete prevention would do damage to the "body politic. What we need is not vainly to try t prevent all combination, but to secure su h ritrorous and adequate control and superv.slon of the combinations as to prevent their Injuring the pul 'le, or existing in such form is inevltablv to threaten Injury for the mere fact that a combination bs secured practically complete control of a necessary of life would under any circumstances show thr.t such combination was to be nresu.ned to be adverse to the public Interest. It Is unfortunate that our present laws should forbid all combinations. Instead of sharply discriminating between those combinations which do good and those corablntt'.ons which do evil. Rebates, for Instance, nre as often due to the pressure of bic shlpp-srs (as was shows In the investication of the Standard Oil Company and as has been shown since bv the Investigation of the tobacco and stVar trusts) as to tbe initiative of Mx railroads. Often railroads would like to corabtno for the purpose of preventing a big shipper from maintaining improper advantSKes at the expense of small shippers and of the general public. Such a combination. Instead of being forbidden by law, should be favored. In other words. It should be permitted to railroads to make agreements, provided these agreements were sanctioned by the Interstate commerce commission snd wre published. With these two conditions compiled with Jt Is Impossible to see what harm such a combination could do to the public at large. Inheritance anil Income Tarn. The national government has long derived !ts chief revenue from a tariff on Imports nnd from an Internal r excise tax. In adjltlon to these there 1 every reason why, when next our system of taxation la revised, the national government should Impose a graduated Inheritance tax, and. If possible, a graduated Income tax. The nan of great wealth owes a peculiar obligation to the State, because he derives special advantages from the mere existence of government. Not only should he recognize this obligation In the way be leads bis daily life and In the way he esrns and spends his money, but It should also be recognized by the way in which he pays for the protection the State gives him.' On the one hand. It is desirable that he should assume his full and proper share of tbe burden of taxation; on the other hand. It Is qnlte as necessary that in this ktnd of taxation, where the men who vote the tax pay but little of It, there should be clear recognition of the danger of Inaugurating any euch system save In a spirit of entire justice and moderation. Whenever we, as a people, undertake to remodel our taxation system along the lines suguvsted, we must make It clear beyond peradventure that our aim Is to distribute the burden of supporting tbe government more equitably than at present ; that we Intend to treat rich man and poor man on a basis of absolute equality, and that we regard It as equally fatal to true democracy to do or permit Injustice to the one as to do or permit Injustice to the other. I am well aware that such a subject as this needs long and careful study in order that the people may become familiar with what Is proposed to le done, may clearly see the necessity of proceeding with wisdom and self-restraint, and may make up their minds just how far they are willing to go In the matter; while only trained legislators can work out the project In necessary detail. Rut I feel that In the near future our national legislators should enact a law providing for a graduated Inheritance tax by which a steadily increasing rate of duty bhould be put upon all moneys or other valuables coming by gift, bequest, or delse to any individual or corporation It may be well to make the tax heavy In proportion as the Individual benefited Is remote of kin. In any event, In my Judgment, the pro rata of the tax should increase very heavily with the increase of the amount left to any one Individual after a certain point has been reached. It Is most desirable to encourage thrift and ambition and a potent source of thrift nnd ambition is the detdre on the part of the breadwlnrer to leave his children well off. This oDtect can be attained by making the tax very small on moderate amounts of property left; because the prime object should be to put a constantly Increasing burden on tha inheritance of those swollen fortunes which It Is certainly of no benefit to thlf country

to perpetuate. There can be no question of the ethical propriety of the government thus determining tbe conditions upon which any gift or Inheritance should be received. In Its incidents, and apart from the main purpose of raising revenue, an Income tax stands on an entirely different footing from an Inheritance tax; because It Involves no question of the perpetuation of fortunes swollen to an unhealthy size. Tbe question is In its essence a question of the proper adjustment of burdens to benefits. Education of the Farmer. The only other persons whose welfare is as vital to the welfare of the whole country as is the welf:ire of thr w.irewor'.-.rs

arc the tillers of the soil, the farmers. It is a mere truism to say that no growth of cities, no growth of wealth, no Industrial development can atone for any falling off In the character and standing of tha fannlnir population- During ilio !( tow l. cades this fact has been recognized with ever-lncrenslnir rlenrnoaa Tlioro la rs Vnnr. er any failure to realize that farming, at icast in certain prancues, must become a technical nnd scientific profession. This means th n t thr must Yu nt . 1 the chance for technical and scientific train ing, not tneoretical merely but of the most severely practical type. This education of iue luruiur is peculiarly necessary here In the L'nlfHl States wiicr tho ditlons even In the newest States have now nearly vanished, where there must le a su!sUtutloa of a more intensive system of cultivation fur the old wasteful farm mannsement, and where there most be a better business organization among the farmers themselves. Several factors mnst co-operate In the improvement of the farmer's condition. He must have the chance to be educated in the widest possible sensein the sense which Keeps ever in view the Intimate relationship between the theorv of xiitinn nn.i .h. ... - of life. This is especially true of the farmer. AH students now realize that educa tion must sees, to train the executive powers of young people and to confer more real significance imnn tha nh iu u. or labor, and to prepare the pupils so ... .u ouuiuun i eacn aeveiopmg in the highest degree his Individual capacity for thv may tosethr help create a right public opinion, and show la many ways social and co-operative spirit. Organization has become necessary in the business wor d. and If h. ;.nT.... "lL . . ' ----- -- " "-Lkiiu iiiSUiu niucn for good In the world of labor. It Is no ir17 lor Iarnjs. such a raoveu r 88 grange movement Is good in Itself and la ennnhii. r . . n !. , .r . ncu-uisu -murine t JL JL "A6081011 .,or. cood 90 lonS a it is iU' legitimate business. The if farmJ? by the "Nation of farmers for mutual advantage arc partly economic and partly sociological. tar?JnWrVrmh,,e ,n ,he ,onsr r,m vola-v--01111 .prove more efficacious than government nssiBtanr. - roust primarily do most foTthcShS Tyet the rnrornni.il . u ' J CI can aiso ao much. The MP?" of K''"- has braken new 522ni1 iam?ny "rectlons, acd year by ar u nJs.how 11 can Improve ita met? . --- me ko rem mental anSS St JSS.E? !?!! "; tStU . m'ua vi iarmers rfirhi than to or through individual farmers? I rrl sratlon and ForM , , , - .nit on. of n?niW?.w tor (he States , - ; J -Mountains and urcat Maina . i . tivu uuu lorest nreserrs. 7nn.if5.h"r..Moo?n and Southern seVvedVand "fJd. Preporous action by the Mt,öT mmmm HiiVJn t? v oomc ,lfe of the arera-c eve ystaSnolä"2? U. Ä every standpoint. In particular It would Sess00 " r ould conrer on tVcSK 3 efficient I" J haC, 10 dCaI radl' IhiifÄ ....Ireimxi and this Ktaies. Power t Aii -lti3JZTTCl K 1. . m conferred on the natloaai 1 WTerowtttT Development of American Shipping. hw'n on! a?laIn caU tD ttentlon of VntrlcsnM '1 thc tqucst,on of developing i-IÄ? 1 8hlp,p,Dff- 1 trust tht law em. bod.yinc In substance the views, or a major part of the views, expressed ih the report Mbjcct laid before the Hons? a its last session, will be passed. it will of course benetH primarily our seaboard S'.'KUf as Maine, Louisiana and WashIngton; but what benefits part of our people in the end benefits all: Just as eovernment aid to irrigation and forestry In the ttest is rea ly of beneOt. not only to the Rocky Mountain States, but to all our counry. cd of Currency Reform. I especially call your attention to the condition of our currency laws. The na tional bank act has ably served a great purpose In aiding the enormous business development of the country; and within ten years there has been an Increase in circulation per capita from 21.41 to $33.03. For seevral years evidence has been accumulating that additional legislation Is needed. The recurrence of each crop season emphasizes the defects of the rresent laws. There must soon be a revision of them, because to leave them as they are means to Incur liability of business disaster. Since your body adjourned there has been a fluctuation in the interest on .call money from - Per cent to SO per cent r and the fluctuation was even greater during the preceding six months. The Secretary of tbe Treasury had to step in and by wise action put a top to the most violent period of oscillation. Even worse than such fluctuation is the advance in commercial rates and the uncertainty felt In the sufficiency of credit even at high rates. All commercial interests suffer durina each crop period. Excessive rates for call money In New York attract money from the Interior banks into the speculative field; this depletes the fund that would otherwise be available for commercial uses, and commercial borrowers are forced to pay abnormal rates ; so that each fall a tax, in the shape of Increased Interest charges, is placed on the whole commerce of the country. The mere statement ef these farts shows that onr present system Is seriously defective. There Is need of a change. I do not pres any especial plan. Tne Philippine Tariff. I most earnestly hope that the bill to provide a lower tariff for or else absolute free trade in Philippine products will become a law. No harm will come to any American Industry: and while there will le some small but real material , benefit to the KUipluos, tbe main benefit will come by the show.lng made as to our purpose to do all In our power for their welfare. So far onr action in . the Philippines has been abundantly Justified, not mainly and Indeed not primarily because of the added dlgtnity it has given us as a nation by proving that we are capable honorably and efficiently to btar the International burdens which a mighty ierple should bear, but even more because of the Immense benefit that has come to the people of the Philippine Islands. In thee Islands we are steadily Introducing both liberty and order, to a greater degree than their people have ever before known, and next spring. If conditions warrant, we shall take a great stride forward In testing their capacity for self-government by summoning the first Filipino legislative assembly : and the way in which they stand this test will largely determine whether the self-government thus granted will be Increased or decreased : for If we have erred at all la the Philippines It haa been In proceeding too rapidly In the direction of granting a large measure of self government. We are building roads. We have for the Immeasurable ood cf the people, arranged for the building of railroads. Let ns also see to it that they are given free access to our markets. This nation owes no more Imperative duty to Itself and mankind than the duty of managing the affairs of all the islands under the American flag the Philippines, l'orto Klco, and Ilawail so as to make It evident that It Is in every way to their advantage that the flag should fly over them. Porto Rleo. American cltlrenship should be conferred on the citizens of Torto Kico. The harbor of San Juan in Porto Rico should be dredged and Improved. The expenses of the Federal court of Porto Rico should be met from the Federal treasury. Tbe administration of the affairs of l'orto IUco, together with those of the Philippines. Hawaii and our other Insular possessions, should all be directed under one executive department; by preference thc department of state or the department of war. Hawaii. The needs of Hawaii are peculiar; every aid should be j;lven the Islands; nnd cir efforts should be unceasing to develop thorn along the lines of a community of small freeholders, not of great planters with coolie-tilled estates. Situated ns this territory is, in the middle of the Pacific, there are duties Imposed upon this small community which do not fail in like degree or manner rpon any other American community. This warrants our treating it difforently from the way in which we treat territories contiguous to or surrounded by sister territories or other States, and justifies tbe setting aside of a portion of our revenues to be expended for educational and internal Improvements therein. Alaska. - Alaska's needs have been partially met, v.. . v,aa mnc ha n cnmnlete leortr.iniz.iTion of the governmental system, as I have before Indicated to you. I ask your especial attention to this. Our fellow citizens who dwell on tte shores of Puget Sound with characteristic energy are arranging to hold la Stattlt (he Alaska l'uxon Pacific Expo

of the nation, nothing around which th! ?.? iirfOUtodth,roh:C,everv

1 aeioer or not marriaee ori TOrcc ,re dea!t lt- It Is Sei her L?5 prober to leave the out

iuxaiuy to rx ioaI itu

sition, lis special alms Include the upbuilding Ok, Alaska and the development of American commerce on tbe Pacific oc?an. This exposition, in its purposes and scope, should apptal not only to the people of the Pacific alop, but to the people cf the United States at large. Internatloaal Morality. Not only must we treat all nations fairly, but we must treat with justice and good will all immigrants who come here under the law. Whether they are Catholic or Protestant, Jew or Gentile; whether they come from England or Germany, Iiustia, Japan, or Italy, matters nothing. All we have a right to question Is the man's conduct. If he Is honest and upright in his dealtngs with his neighbor and with the state, then he is entitled to respect and good treatment. Especially do we need to remember our duty to the stranger within our gates. It Is the sure mark of a low civilization, a low morality, to abuse r discriminate against or In any way humiliate such stranger who has come here lawfully and who Is conducting himself properly. To remember this is incumbent on every American cftlzcn, and it is of course peculiarly incumbent on every government official, whether of the nation or of the several states. I am prompted to say this by the attitude of hostility here and there assumed toward the Japanese in this countrv. This hostility is sporadic and !s limited to a very few places. Nevertheless, it Is most discreditable to us as a people, and It may be fraught 'vih the gravest consequences to the nation. The Japanese people have won In a slnSle generation the right to stand abreast of the foremost and most enlightened peoples of Europe and America ; thev have won on their own merits and by their own exertions the right to treatment on a basis of full and frank equality. The overwhelming mass of our people cherish a lively regard and respect for tbe people of Japan, and in almost every quarter of the union th stranger from Japan Is treated as he deserves ; that is, he is treated as the strängt r from any part of civilized Europe Is and deserves to be treated. But here and there a most unworthy feeling has manifested Itself toward the Japanese the feeling that has been shown In shutting them out from the common schools in San Francisco, and in mutterings against them in one or two other places, because of their efficiency as workers. To shut them out from the public schools is a wicJted absurdity, when Ji'if re D? nm class W"W in the land. Including the universities and colleges of t allfornla, which do not gladly welcome Japanese students and on 'which-Japanese students do not reflect credit We have as much to learn from Japan as Japan has to fr?m as : and no nation is fit to teach unless It is also willing to learn. ThroughVli ?,an Ame',ns are well treated, and h2Lf.nui? on Part or Americans at home to treat the Japanese with a like ncrie8T consideration i 7 it so illation n f lnferIorltr Jn our civ I recommend to the Congress that an act aySe8,oeeCl;CaI,y provIdlD- tor th?Mt! urallzatlon of Japanese who come here intending to become American citizens. The Insurrection In Cnba. nJst f."8.1 a 'n!arrectIon broke out in Rub Trb.,cn 11 PHly Srew evident that Jutla Coban government was powerless to quell. This government was repeatedly asked by the then Cuban governmen.lu t0 Jntf rne, and finally was notified by the President of Cuba that he Intended to resign; that his decision was Irrevocable; that none of the other constitutional officers would consent to carry on the government, nd that he was powerless to maintain order. It was evident that chaos was impending, and there was every probability that if steps were not immediately taken by this government to try to restore order, the representatives of various European nations In the Island would apply to their respective governments for armed intervention In order to protect the lives and property of their citizens. Thanks to the preparedness of our navy, I was able Immediately to aend enough ships to Cuba to prevent the situation from becoming hopeless; and 1 furthermore dispatched to Cuba the Secretary of War and the Assistant Secretary of State, In order that they might grapple with the situation on the ground. J When the election has been held and the new government Inaugurated, in peaceful and orderly fashion the provisional government trill come to an end. I take this opportunity of expressing upon behalf of tbe American people, with all possible solemnity, our most earnest hope that the people of Cuba will realize the Imperative need of preserving Justice and keeping- order in tbe island. The United States wishes nothing of Cuba except that it shall prosper morally and materially, and wishes nothing of tbe Cubans save that they shall be able to preserve order among themselves and therefore to preserve their Independence. ' The Conference mt Illo. la many parts of South America there has been much misunderstanding of the attitude and purposes of the United States toward tbe otter American republics. An idea bad become prevalent that our assertion of the Monroe doctrine Implied, or carried with It, an assumption of superiority, and of a right to exercise some kind of protectorate over the countries to whose territory that doctrine applies. Nothing could be farther from tbe truth. Yet that Impression continued to be a serious barrier to good understanding, to friendly Intercourse, to the introduction- of American capital and the extension of American trade, The Impression was so widespread that apparently It could not be reached by any ordinary means. i It was part of Secretary Root's mission to dispel this unfounded impression, and there Is just cause to believe that he has succeeded. Affairs In Central AmericaLast June trouble which had existed for some time between the republics of Salvador, Guatemala, and Horduras culminated tn war a war which threatened to be ruinous to the countries Involved and very destructive to tbe commercial Interests of Americans, Mexicans, and other foreigners who are taking an important part in tbe development of these countries. The thoroughly good understanding which exists between tbe United States and Mexico enabled this government and that of Mexico to unite in effective mediation tietween the warring republics; which mediation resulted, not without long continued and patient effort, In bringing about a meeting of the representatives of the hostile powers on board a United States warship as neutral territory, and peace was there concluded; a peace which resulted In tbe saving of thousands of lives and in the prevention of an incalculable amount of misery and the destruction of property and of the means of livelihood. 7 Trip to Panama. I hare Just returned from a trip to Panama and shall report to you at length later on the whole subject of the Panama canal. The Algeciraa Convention. The. Ahreciras conrentlon. which was signed by the United States as well as by most of the powers of Europe, supersedes the previous convention of 1880, which was also signed both by tbe United States nnd a majority of the European powers. This treaty confers upon us equal commercial rights with all European countries, and does not entail a single obligation of any kind upon us, and I earnestly hope It may be speedily ratified. To refuse to ratify it would merely mean that we forfeited our commercial rights in Morocco and would not achieve another object of any kind. la the evcut of such refusal we would be left for the first time in a hundred and twenty years without any commercial treaty with Morecco; and this at a time when we ar everywhere seeking new markets and outlets for trade. Protection of I'ur Seals. Tbe laws for the protection of the seals within the Jurisdiction of the United States need revision and amendment. In case we are compelled to abandon the hope of makIn? arrangements with othvr government

to put an end to the hideous cruelty now incident to pelajtlc sealing, it will be a question for your serious consideration ik far we should continue to protect and mal 1taln the seal herd on land with the resu t of continuing such a practice, and whethir It Is not better to end the practice by exterminating the herd ourselves la tbe most humane way possible. ' We should as a nation do everything In our power for the cause of honorable peace. Nothing would more promote Iniquity, nothing would further defer the relgn upon earth of peace and righteousness, than for the free and enlightened peoples which, though with much stumbling and many shortcomings, nevertheless strive toward justice, deliberately to render themselves powerless while leaving every despetisru nnd barbarism armed and able to work thc'.r wicked will. The chance for the settlement of disputes peacefully, by arbitration, ro'.v depends mainly upon the possession by the nations that mean to do right of sufficient armed strength to make their purpose effective. The Army nnd Nary. I do not ask that we continue to increase our navy. I ak merely that It be maintained at Its present strength; nnd this can be done only If we re; lure the obsolete nnd outworn ships by rev. and good ones, the equals of any atloat In any navy. To stop building ships for one year means th.it for that vear the navy goes batk Instead of forward. In loth the army and the navy there Is urgent need that everything !--siMe' should lo done to maintain the highest standard for the personnel, aUle as regards the officers and the enlisted men. For years prior to the Spanish war the secretaries of war were praised chiefly if they practiced economy ; which economy, tiiecially in connection with the quart naaster, commissary, nnd medical departments, was directly rcnponslble for m -f 4h" ' management that occurred ' ük- w.-i and parenthetically be It observed that the very people who clamored for the misdirected economy In the first place were foremost to denonnce the lnlsm.i aasrement. loss, and suffering whlcit were primarily due to this same misdiree'ed economy and to the lack of preparation It Involved. The The readiness nnd efficiency of both the army and navy In denling with the recent sudden crisis in Cuba Illustrate afresh thlr value to the nation.

CONGRESS AT WOfiK.

SECOND SESSION OF 5PTH BODY BEGINS LABORS. Many Questions of tireat Importance Are Expected to Iteeelse Consider a Hon Minority Mar Force Tariff Inane to the Front. Washington correspondence: The Fifty-ninth Congress, wbich broke the records of achievement during its first session, resumed Its labors Monday. There are just three months of life remaining to it, nnd in these three months new questions of vital Importance will be brought to the front There are, in addition, many Important measures that were hangln; fire when adjournment was taken last uniiner. and between the new and the old. together with. the appropriation hills that niut he considered, there is a tremendous amount of work ahead for the national lawmakers. ' Both houses were called to order at noon. After some perfunctory work adjournment was taken to await the President's annual message on Tuesday. In the House -there was practically nothing on the first day's propram, aside from -the1 swearing . In of new members who had leen elected to fill vacancies. Four members have died since the adjournment !n June, and resolutions were adopted and adjournment taken out -of respect to their memory before thc regular routine was leun. Thc Senate was ready to go ahead from where it left off five months ago. In the Senate Monday Senators Penrose and Foraker introduced resolutions of inquiry regarding the discharge of negro troops of the Twenty-fifth infantry, which went over by unanimous consent. Senator ,Dupont of Delaware took the oath of office. A long list of presidential nominations was received. Thirty-eight public and oSO private bills were introduced in the House. Speaker Cannon appointed Mr. Mann of llliuois a member of the board of regents of, the Smithsonian Institute, vice Robert It. Ilitt, deceased. , Itcpresentatives Overstrcet of Georgia, Lowden of Illinois, (ilhams of Indiana, Itevburn. Moor and Itruman o; Pennsylvania and Nelson of Wisconsin, elected to fill vacancies, were sworn in. President Roosevelt's message occupied the attention of the Senate for two snd one-half hours Tuesday., to the exclusion of nearly all other business. The exception to this was the introduction of a resolution on the Japanese situation by Senator Hayner of Maryland, and the adoption of appropriate resolutions regarding members of the lower houe. who died since the last session. The reading of the meKsage in thc House consumed two hoars and twenty-five minutes. Purins the major portion of the time Representative Ia coy of Iowa acted as Speaker pro tem., being the first of tbe defeated "b-tandpatters" to be recognized by Speaker Cannon. Speaker Cannon appointed Robert G. Cousins of Iowa chairman on foreign affairs to succeed the late Robert Ilitt of Illinois. He also appointed Representative Frank 0. Lowden to a pkee on the same committee to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Ilitt. -: :- The brief session of thc Senate Wednesday resulted in the introduction of many bills, resolutions and memorials and the receipt of a number of communi cations from the executive department. Senator roraker asked immediate action on the pending resolutions for information regarding the discharge of the negro soldiers of the Twenty-fifth infantry. In the House bills were passed incorporating the National German-American Alliance, authorizing the Secretary of the. Treas nry to duplicate gold certificates in lieu of ones lost or destroyed, and amending the national banking laws so as to permit national banking associations to make loans on real estate as security and lim iting the amount of 6uch loans. -: :- Resolutions were adopted by the Sen ate Thursday calling on the President and the Secretary of War for -information ns to the discharge of soldiers of the Twen ty-fifth Infantry. Senator Morgan spoke for two hours on his resolution to secure the control of the Panama railroad by the isthmian commission, but no action was taken. The bill of Mr. Littlefield of Maine, known as the anti-compulsory pilotage measure, removing discriminations against American sailing vessels in the coasting trade, was defeated in thc House, 110 to 1G4, after a long debate. -: :- The Senate was not In session Friday The House received from committee the legislative, executive and judicial appropriation bill, which was made a special order for Monday, no day having been fixed for the vote. A bill which has the indorsement of labor as well as mannfa tnrers generally, repealing that portion oi the Wilson interstate commerce bill relating to convict made goods, and permitting the several States to legislate for themselves as to their competition with "free labor" made goods was passed. A bill also was passed creating a game preserve in the Olympic Mountains in Washington. Adjournment until Monday was taken. National Capital Note. Representative Gaines of Tennessee introduced a bill ' to raise the salaries of members of Congress to $7,500. Secretary Shaw sent to Congress estimates for appropriations aggregating $0S0,02S,433 for the next fiscal year. An investigation of the alleged lumber trust by the Department of Commerce and Labor is asked in a joint resolution introduced in the Senate by Mr. Kittredge of South -Dakota. The Senate confirmed a large number of appointments to consular, postoffice and other positions, among them that of Herbert G. Squiers of New York to be minister to Panama. A report made to Congress by the Governor of New Mexico shows that 26,103 voters in that territory favored joint statehood in the recent election, while 14,735 voted against it. Secretary Shaw issued an open letter to bankers asking them to exchange idle $10 bills for ones and twos to help in relieving "the marked scarcity of small bills noticeable everywhere.' The actual cost of producing class A armor plate is $293.85 a ton, according to a report made to Congress by a board of officers named by the Secretary of the Navy to investigate the matter. Speaker . Cannon announced the following committee appointments: Cole of Ohio, committee on agriculture; Rannon of Ohio, judiciary: Gilhams of Indiana, industrial arts and expositions and revision of thc laws. It cost $19,001,749 to keep the ships of the navr in commission during the last fiscal jtur, according to the annual report of Paymaster General Harris. Expenditures for building new ships were $:il,7G4,556 and for repairs $3,550.S09. The Senate committee on foreign relations considered the Algeciras treaty in reference to Moroccan affairs and ordered that St be favorably reported to the Senate. This action was taken, however, after a committee consisting of" Senators Spooner, Lodge and Bacon had been named to phrase a resolution which would declare that the United States had no intention of interfering in the regulation of European internal affairs.

CHICAGO. Business generally exhibits no losscf strength, although the period has arrived when h falling If in new drnjands Is natural. That the volume vf production nnd distribution sustain an unprecedented aggregate is affirmed by continued gains in freight eirnings and by a total of bank exchanges this week establishing a higher record tbsn any heretofore. Eastern demand for fcxtmmodation is rrpsonsible för Ü prevailing firm disco nut mte. hut tbe return or currency from the Interior soon may make easier conditions in money. ! It Is noted that local offering commercial p.iicr have moderated, indicating that financial requirements are mainly provided for until the tern of the year. Some heavy consumers find it more. difficult to obtain necessary supplies and dlHiculties in transportation have extended, making deliveries within reasonable time almost Impossible. Railroad efforts to relieve the congestion are handicapped by the severe weather In some sections, yet it Is seen that new equipment Is coming forrrzrl more extensively and tends to make the outlook less discouraging fr sifnperg. Retail activity is much stimulated by the presence of many visitors tstf the demand for seasonable and Christmas goods s'eadily expands. YTLIcsale orders for spring linos compare favorably , with those of this time last year, and country advices testify to tn enhanced buying jwwer nnd gratifying headway in sales of winter merclBdise. Manufacturing operations oeet with no Impediments, except such as arise from scarcity of lalor and materials, t Failures reported In tue Chicago district number twenty-six, against twj-ty-two last w eek and thirty-four a jtr ago. Dun's Review of Trade. Colder weather, combined -with Ih approach of tbe holidays, has greatly stimulated retail trade at roost polst and tbe outlook favors a record -breaking Christmas trade. The car phortasr; continues, though grain deliveries In the Northwest are freer, but oa thfc whole tbe paucity of railway facilities is seriously affecting many Kecticss and In' consequence pome foundries In the St. Louis and Cleveland districts have been compelled to close. Manufacturer are busy the country over, the pressure beinz, so Treat as to cicns a considerable nunj!er of plants to work night ami day. Labor still ccnwtinues scarce, and wage advances ar recorded generally, but the tendenry to aroid higher wages seems to tc cadergolng continuous expansion. Money is high In thi cities where the dsrri is extensive, but most Interior towns appear to lie plentifully supplied, bence country bankers are seeking cocscrcial paper.' Ilradstreet's Mercantile Report Chicago Cattle, common to prim, $4.00 to $7.4.": hogs, prime heavy, 5! to $G.r5: sheep, fair to choice, . $3.00 to .$5..ri0; w,heat. No. 2, 74c to 7."k; corn. No. 2, 43c to 45o ; oats, standard, 32c to 33c; rye. No. 2. 05c to C?.c; hay, timothy, $13.00 to $10.00; prairie, $9.(X t $10.00; butter, choice creamery. 2le tn 00c; eggs, .fresh, 29c to 3.V; potato, 30c to 43e. ' Indiana ik)1 is Cattle, shippi&g, $3.00 to s $7.00; hogs choice heavy, $4.00 tn $0.45; sheep, common to prime. $2.50 t $4.50; wheat. No. 2. 73c to 75c; corn. No. 2 white, 43c to 44c; oats. No. 2 white, 33c to 350. St Louis-Cattle. $4.50 to S7.C0; hogs, $4.00. to $(k40: sheep. $3.50 $5.40; wheat. No. 2. 75c to 70c; corn. No. 2, 42c to 43c; oats. No. 2, 33c fa 35c; rye, No. 2, 01c to C3c. Cincinnati Cattle, $4.00 to $5X0; hogs. $4.00 to $0-50: sheep. $3.00 $4.50; wheat. No. 2, 75c to 7Gc ; corn. No. 2 mixed, 42c to 4k; oats, No. 2 mfxed, 35c to :Wc ; rye. No. 2, 70c to 72c. Detroit Cattle. $4.00 to $5.00: hoes, $4.0O tw, $u;.12: sheep. $2- to $WX; wheat, No. 2, 7fc to 78c; corn. No. 3 yellow, 45c to 4 V?; oats. No. 3 white. 3Tk? to 30e; rye. No. 2, t5c to iOc. . Milwaukee Wheat, No. 2 ccrtirrn. 77c to 81c: corn. No. 3. 42c to 43c i oats, standard, 33c to 35c; rye, No. 1. G7c to CSc; barley, standard, 54c to 55c; pork, mess, $15.40. Buffalo Cattle, choice shipping steers, $4.00 to $0.25; hogs, fait to choice, $1X5 to $0.00; sheep, common to good raixeji, $4.00 to $5.75; lambs, fair to choice, $5.00 to $7JsT. Toledo Wheat. No. 2 mixec, 74c to 70c: corn. No. 2 mixed. 42c to 43c: oats. No. 2 mixed, 34c to 35c; rye. No. 2, 0-ic to Gc; clover seed, prime, $s;a. New York Cattle. $4.00 to $0.10: bogs, $4.00 to $0.75 ; tdieep, $3.00 to $5.50; wheat. No. 2 red, 7Sc to 80c; corn. No. 2, 53c to 54c; oats, natural white. 3Sc to 39c; butter, creamery. 25c to 32c; eggs, western, 30c to 35c. All Around the Globe. The Wade Hampton statne at CcJambia, S. C, was unveiled in the presence cf a vast throng. Knights Templar of Mexico City expect to be i-cprvsented in the triennial conclave at Saratoga, N. YM next July. Thc Spanish cabinet reaffirmed the de cision of the preceding ministry that Spain shall participate in the Jamestown exposition. A heavy pall of smoke so darkened St. Louis up to 10 a. m. tbe other day that lights had to be turned on ia stores and streets. Five men were injured, two seriously, by the collapse of a scaffolding on the seven-story Arnstein building now undrr construction at Knoxville, Tenn. Patrick II. Keenan, dean of the Tam many district leaders, -etersn of the old Croker and County I)einoTacy days ia New York, has retired from politic. The National Grange convention at Denver appointed a special ommittee of five members to consider thc question of creating a life insurance. system in the organization. A coroner's jury exonerated Clinton C. CKrke, a sailor on the United States bat tleship Indiana, from all connection with. the death of Mrs. Mary Kiernan, who was found lying dead at his side in It'verside Park. N. Y. The coroner's jury in tbe case of Will Harris, the nepro who was hot to death by a posse at Abbeville, X. C after killing three men, returned a verdict prais ing highly thc "public-spirited citizena who slew the black.