People's Pilot, Volume 6, Number 35, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 18 February 1897 — Page 2

The Peoples Pilot. F, D. Craig, Editor. RENSSELAER, IND

Put your money in the hanks, if you have any—and lose it. The comptroller don’t seem to be controlling the banks much. Free homes and fair wages constitute the strength of a nation. The greatest anarchists in the counBtate and national governments. Deny men justice and they become listless slaves or dangerous fiends. Now is the time to push the demand for government ownership of railroads. Whoever does not work is a droneconsuming the products of another’s labor. The Loud bill is a blow at our postal system; every Populist should oppose it. Fools learn only in the school of experience, and some are too big fools to learn there. Interest has cost more dollars and more human suffering than war, pestilence and famine. And now it is the Nicaragua Canal company that wants $100,000,000; a very modest request. As long as laboring men are divided against themselves capital will take undue advantage of them. What the government can do better and cheaper to the people than the individual, that it should do. The people pay more unnecessary and unjust taxes to the railroads than the aggregate of their taxes to the Improved methods of production should lessen the hours of labor instead of throwing men out of employment. Capital is but the child of labor, but It seems to have taken possession of the ranch and orders its parents around without ceremony.

The government should foreclose its mortgages on the Pacific roads, but it should see that there is no dead African in the wood-pile when the sale is made. Why follow a precedent that was made when conditions were entirely different? We should progress in the science of government as well as in the arts. If you can’t legislate a man rich or poor, why do the corporations want legislation in their interests? Legislation has much to do with the prosperity of the people. Why should people be poor when there is plenty? And why should they be idle when there is so much to do? These are questions that involve the problems of the present situation. Enforced idleness results In crime and dishonesty. In this land of great natural resources no man should be denied the right to live by honest toil, yet our system robs men of that right. The Standard Oil trust has taken more from the people unjustly—that is over and above a fair profit—than all the plain robberies that have been committed in the country since the adoption of the constitution would amount to, yet this is civilization.

The declaration of independence states as an evident truth that “all men are endowed with the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness,” yet our system robs men of all of these. Surely, there is something wrong with the declaration or the system. The word “Socialism” is like the word “Democratic.” There are “grades” of democratic government. A pure democracy is where the people vote on the laws themselves and not through representatives. There are socialists and socialists, and most people in this country are socialists to some extent. A pure ballot is indispensable to the preservation of a republic. When you tamper with the ballot you tamper with the liberties of the people. The man who steals your ballot is much more of a criminal than the man who steals your house. Both the man who buys and the man who sells his vote should be disfranchised forever.

If all the so-called surplus shoes and clothing and food was distributed among the needy there would not be enough to go round and make them comfortable. Yet there are millions of people who are idle, and the men who “know all about it” say it is because there is an over-production. It is one of the devil’s lies which centuries of experience have been unable to explode. Populists are not in favor of “dividing up," as is often charged. That is Just what they are kicking against—they object to giving the lion’s share to corporations, trusts and syndicates that produce nothing. They believe that every man is entitled to and should have what ho produces, and that “if any will not work, neither shall he eat."

GOVERNMENT BANKS.

A SECURE PLACE TO DEPOSIT THE PEOPLE’S SAVINGS. A Description of the Postal Sayings Banks of Canada —We Are Not a Government by the People But for the Trnsts. Chicago Sentinel: No other question Is to-day attracting more notable attention from the public than that of postal savings banks, and the numerous bank failures all pver the country causing loss to depositors amounting to many millions, is steadily adding to the interest taken in this question. While the subject is under consideration a report of the plan as carried on in Canada will be of interest. After it had been demonstrated that the postal savings bank was a marvelous success in Great Britain, the colonies generally followed the example of the mother country and established like systems. Canada was one of the first to see the benefits of the postal savings bank, the system in operation in that country dating from April 1, 1868. It has been highly successful in its workings. Money order postoflices, on designation by the postmaster-general, become agencies of the postal savings bank. Deposits received are forwarded to the central savings bank in the postoffice department at Ottawa, where all accounts are kept. Deposits of $1 or of any number of dollars are received at the postoffice savings banks, subject to the limitations that not more than SI,OOO may be deposited in any one year, and that no depositor can have standing to his credit on the books of the postmaster-general more than $3,000, exclusive of interest. No interest is allowed on a sum above $3,000. This limitation is considerably higher than in most countries having the system in operation. Every depositor, on making his first deposit, is required to specify his Christian name and surname, occupation, and residence, to the postmaster receiving such deposit. He also signs a declaration that he has no funds in the postoffice savings bank either in his own name or in the name of some other person. When this declaration is made on behalf of a child under 10 years of age the signature of a parent or friend must accompany that of the child. When deposits are made by or for a child under 10 years of age repayments are not made until the child reaches the age of 10. In addition to the postmaster’s entry in the pass-book, a depositor receives for each deposit a direct receipt from the postmaster-general. A depositor in any of the savings bank postoffices may continue his deposits at any other such office, and may withdraw money at the savings bank postofflce which is most convenient to him. A depositor wishing to withdraw the whole or part of the sum standing to his credit makes application therefor on a printed form that is furnished by postmasters. This application for withdrawal must specify the number of the pass-book and the name of the savings bank postoffice at which the book was' originally obtained, the sum required,, the depositor’s occupation and residence and the name of the savings bank postoffice at which he desires to receive the post-master-general’s check in repayment of his deposits. On receipt by the post-master-general of such application, duly filled up and signed, a check is sent by return mail to the postmaster designated for delivery to the depositor. When the withdrawal check is forwarded by the postmaster-general the depositor also is notified. When he applies to the postmaster for his money he produces his pass book for the entry of the repayment. The checks are drawn on the Bank of Montreal, at Ottawa. When the postmaster has funds on hand he is expected to use them in cashing depositors’ checks.

Children over 10 years of age and married women are given the same privileges of deposit and withdrawal at the postoffice savings banks as are accorded other persons,

The rate of interest paid on deposits is 3% per cent. Until recently it was 4 per cent. Interest is computed from the first day of the calendar month next following the day on which the deposit is made up to the first day of the calendar month in which moneys are withdrawn. June 30 of each year interest is added to principal. Once each year every depositor forwards his book to the postmaster-general, in order that Entries-may be with those in the books of the post-master-general, and that interest due the depositor may be credited. No charge for postage is made depositors for transmissions to the postmastergeneral. Postmasters and other officers of the postoffice are forbidden to disclose the name of any depositor or the amount deposited or withdrawn by him, except to the postmaster-general or to such of his officers as may be appointed to carry out the provisions of the postoffice savings bank act. The growth of business done by the postoffice savings bank has been remarkable. For the year ended June 30, 1896, the amount of deposits was over $8,000,000. The total amount standing to the credit of depositors on the same date was almost $29,000,000.

New York’s Poor.

New York special: During the year 1896 61,723 families were evicted in New York city for non-payment of rent. Reckoning four persons to a family more than 200,000 men, women and children were forcibly ejected by the strong arm of the law. Labor is the true measure of value.

NOTES AND COMMENT.

Snap Shots Taken at the Passing Pro cession. When Bryan was making his phenomenal campaign he declared that the election of McKinley meant continued hard times and financial disaster. All the Republican orators denied this and declared that the election of McKinley would at once restore confidence and make times better. The plutocratic papers ridiculed Bryan and called him an ignorant fanatical young man that did not know what he was talking about. * * * Subsequent events prove that Bryan was right in his predictions, and that every Republican paper and orator were either mistaken or deliberately lied. Commercial and bank failures have increased, and at this writing show no signs of letting up. The revival in trade has not made its appearance and there are no indications that it will soon. More wages have been reduced than raised, and more hands thrown out of employment than have been put to work. • * • The Republicans now set up the claim that it cannot be expected to have good times until their president is inaugurated. We should never have thought of It had they not told us before the election it could be so. Their promise to bring good times reminds us of the promises of the recruiting officers and leaders of the Southern Confederacy at the of the war. They told the masses that there would be no war—that they wouldn’t fight—and the whole thing would be over in thirty days, and they could return to their homes. Then they put it off to ninety days—a year—two .years—and the end was not in sight, and finally they did not whip the north at all.

We move that unanimous consent be given Senator Roger Queer Mills to go to Cuba and fight for Cuban independence. We make this motion for two or three good reasons. One is that on the least provocation he breaks out in the senate in the most vehement language. In response to Signor Crispi’s suggestive threat that the-United States would better not recognize Cuban independence Roger Queer vamped and foamed and declaimed in a most undignified manner for a United States Senator. “And who is Signor Crispi?” “There was a day,” he began, and gave a rhetorical description of Italy’s past glories, ending, “and the symbol of the power of Italy today is a monkey and organ grinder.” If she desired to form another holy alliance let her come on with her monkeys and or*gan grinder and hot tamales, |ind by the red blade of war we would offer her a warm reception. * ** The statement of the receivers of the suspended bank of Minnesota, at St. Paul, shows that the officers and directors borrowed $785,000 frcm the institution. This was evidently one of the chief causes of the failure. This is another evidence that it requires no capital on which to do banking. If five men have credit or collateral to borrow $50,000 for a short time they can establish a bank. As soon as it is fairly started other people will rush there to deposit their surplus funds. The projectors can then borrow back from their own bank the $50,000 and repay their debt and continue the business on other people’s money. See? It is the best banking system in the world —while it lasts. But if the fool depositors ever lose confidence and withdraw their deposits it develops the rottenness of the system as it is now conducted. * * * A dispatch from London says that “United States Senator Edward O. Wolcott is the guest of Baron Rothschild at his country seat.” Wolcott, it will be remembered, was sent over to Europe to solicit the consent of the lords, counts, dukes, princes, barons, and other damphools and financial pirates to let us pass a law for the free coinage of our own silver, and a partial control of our own finances. The senator begins by “bearding the lion in his den.” He evidently comprehends that unless he gets Rothschilds’ consent he cannot win his case. Wolcott belongs to the Republican party, and that party flooded the country, during the last campaign, with statements that the free coinage of silver meant 50-cent dollars. As Baron Rothschilds holds American bonds, stocks, and other obligations, for which he will not want to receive 50-cent dollars, (according to the-statements of Mr. Wolcott’s party) we may at once infer that Jew will claim his bond and not give his consent. Wolcott would as well come home. * * * Lord Chief Justice Russell is responsible for the following utterance: “Civilization is not dominion, wealth, material luxury; nay, not even a great literature and education widespread—good though these things be. Its true signs are thought for the poor and suffering, chivalrous regard and respect for women, the frank recognition of human brotherhood, irrespective of race or color or nation or religion; the narrowing of the domain of mere force as a governing factor in the world, the love of ordered freedom, abhorrence of what is mean and cruel and vile, ceaseless devotion to the claims of justice. Civilization in that, its true, its highest sense, must make for peace.” If the above quotation has the merit of truth, which we are inclined to believe it has, the present so-called civilized world is not civilization at all, but a species of refined barbarity. The observations of Justice Russell should be carefully considered by philanthropists and the church, and if not true tbeir fallacies exposed W. S. MORGAN

DAIRY AND POULTRY.

INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS. How Successful Farmers Operate This Department of the Farm —A Few Hints as to the Care of Live Stock and Poultry.

§T MAY not be amiss to suggest to inexperienced but-ter-makers that —; they will save themselves a good m deal of trouble, loss \ of time and damage to the butter if they will bear in mind a few simple rules that apply with

more force in cold weather than warm, says V. M. Couch in American Dairyman. The temperature of the cream for churning Is a nfatter of the first importance. What the exact churning temperature should be can be determined by experiment, for the condition of the cream varies on different farms, owing to the kind of cows, the way they are fed and the method of setting the milk and keeping and ripening the cream, but a temperature of about 62 degrees will come nearer, I believe, to suiting most cases than any other. It is safe to begin at that temperature and, if not satisfactory, raise or lower it at succeeding churnings until the proper degree is reached. For Instance, should the churning at 62 degrees take too long a time and the butter when it comes is off-color and inclined to be crumbly, at the next churning try a temperature of 64 or 66 degrees, according to circumstances. When if the butter comes too soon and is soft, a lower temperature should he tried. Cream should not be allowed to freeze, but if only one churning a week be made, it should be kept cool enough to keep it from souring till the day before it is churned, when if not slightly acid, it should be set in a room warm enough so that it will become so in twentyfour hours. The cream should he well stirred every time a fresh skimming is

HOME SCENES ON WESTERN FARMS: “I WONDER WHO MENDS FOR TEDDY.” Photograph Copyrighted 1896. L. D. Weil.—From the Illustrated American

added, or twice a day. When putting the cream in the churn, strain it through a cloth strainer. This will remove all specks that would mar the appearance of the butter, Including bits of curd that may have formed and hardened in the cream, and which, if allowed to go into the churn, would show as white specks In the butter. If granulated butter is made —which., is the best and most proper way—and It comes too hard or too soft, work it with water warmed or cooled to suit the case. If the butter is to be salted with brine, use water warmed or cooled to suit the case. If the butter Is to be salted with brine, use warm or cold brine as may be necessary to put the granules in right condition for working. Get into a regular routine of performing all dairy operations and it will save much time. Treatment of Milk Fever. A correspondent of Hoard’s Dairyman, B. W. Gregory, Sullivan Co., N. Y., claims to have been successful in the treatment of milk fever with cows. For the benefit of our dairymen we give his formula as follows: The formula that was adopted was to give % pound salt-petre on first discovery of the fever (which is always known by drying up of the flow of milk and prostration) and in two hours, twentyfive drops of aconite: in two hours more, if not relieved (do not try to get the cow up but let her be quiet until she gets up herself), repeat with % pound of salt-petre and then in two hours with twenty drops of aconite. Alternate the above % pound salt-petre and *>n drnno

of aconite every two hours until relieved. I have had several cases since adopting the above course and have not lost one since using it. Have had stubborn cases where they have taken four doses each of the above prescription, but they have always recovered all right. The first cow that was experimented with, my neighbor dairyman said, “Experiment with her as much as you please, she will never get on her feet again.” In fifteen hours after giving her the first dose of salt-petre she got on her feet with her own accord and in 48 hours was giving 20 pounds of milk twice a day. If the above is of any use to you or your fellow men, use it and “not put your light under a bushel.” I have kept a dairy for milk production, of thirty or forty cows, for a number of years, fed them heavily and took care of them “for all they were worth” and have been fairly successful.

Winter Poultry Notes. How Much Room?—More room Is required in the poultry house in winter than in summer because during the warm season the fowls can go outside, only requiring sufficient room for roosting, but in winter they need room for scratching when the snow is on the ground. It is the space on the floor that is required and not on the roost, for when a hen fixes herself on the roost she will be quiet until morning; but during the day she should be kept busy. Ten fowls in a poultry house ten feet , t «uare (making 100 square feet) are sufficient, but most persons endeavor to double and even treble that’ number, and the consequence is that they feed too many fowls in proportion to the number of hens they keep. (The Farmers’ Review doubts the correctness of the statement, and believes that far less room Is required.) Frozen Food, —All food that has been moistened will freeze and become useless when the weather is cold. When the food is placed in the trough it should be rather too little than too much, and should be given warm. As soon as the hens have eaten, all the food left over should he removed and the trough cleaned. If they have not had enough a little wheat or corn may be scattered in litter for them to scratch. If they eat partially frozen

food the hens will be chilled and will not lay. Winter Expenses.—The profits will not be large if the expenses are not kept down. The loss from useless' males, hens that do nbt lay, and chicks that make no growth sometimes balances the profits produced by the profitable hens. There will be some good hens In all flocks, and they give large profits for the entire*year, - but the expenses due to keeping fowls that produce nothing lead the inexperienced to attach the fault to the whole, the good as well as the inferior: when the best) course is to dispose of all but the ones that are paying for the shelter and food bestowed. Bowel Disease and Chicks. —The principal cause of loss of chicks in winter is bowel disease, which is generally attributed to the kind of food used, but which is due, as a rule, to lack of warmth. Chicks are very susceptible to changes of temperature, and especially during damp days. A brooder should be kept at 95 degrees and the brooder house at 75 f degrees, so as to prevent the chicks from being chilled at any time, for should a young chick become chilled bowel ✓■ease at once sets in and the chick sooq dies.—Mirror and Farmer. * One hundred and forty-six thousand, five hundred and ninety-nine tons of wool were, exported' from Argentina from Oct. 1, 1895, to May 1, 1896. Put no faith in the moral nature of rata. 4 ,

Helps Hog Cholera Along. I have known hog cholera germs tob« conveyed four miles on the windj alight in a filthy hog pen and finally destroy all the hogs in it, while hogs in clean pens near by escaped, says aa exchange. There is a great disparity: of opinion as to what filth is. Generally it emits a disagreeable scent. A stinking swill barrel or hog trough is not cleanliness, nor is a bad smelling hogpen. “Hogging down” corn, especially when the weathqr is warm, is not a clean proceeding. A hog may, eat part of an ear of corn, leave solid droppings on the remainder to festee in the hot sun, cholera bacteria alight upon it and breed, and then another hog comes along and finishes the ear, disease germs and all. “Hogs following cattle” —well, this is dangerous ground. So many practice it and believe in it that if I should condemn it all the Toms, Dicks and Harrys from Oklahoma to Ohio would “follow” me with the precipitancy of a man running down stairs pursued by a kitchen! stove, and perhaps, for safety, compelling me hastily to seek the shortest way, to the tallest timber. So I will let that pass and say nothing about it Anything that weakens a hog’s system makes him more receptive of cholera microbes. In this category can be named too close inbreeding, breeding from immature animals and wrong feeding, as an all corn diet for young animals, stinking slops, impure drinking water, nesting in cold, damp places and other errors in feeding and care. Disease bacteria and cleanliness are antagonistic, and the farmer will not flourish if environed by the latter, with this one exception, that there has been a profuse production of the former in some near-by fountain of filth. Poultry and Egg Prices. A noteworthy feature in the egj trade in Chicago during the ended year was the phenomenally low prices realized. The greatest production of eggs, or the beginning of the egg season proper, which usually occurs in March and April, took place much earlier in 1896, and eggs fell to 12% cents a dozen in the month of January, and during the spring the capacities of the several cold-storage houses were taxed to accommodate the eggs stored. Prices

have been low, but dealers in this product have had a fairly successful year, and, though all the cold-storage egga have not been disposed of, Chicago enters the new year with 50,000 cases of eggs less than were carried over one year ago. The supply of poultry has been smaller, proportionately than In past years. It Is estimated that the crop of turkeys was one-third less than in 1895. • • Below are average prices lor the year for eggs and poultry: , Eggs. Poultry. Doz. Doz. January 15% 8 February 3 ... 11% 8% March 9% 9 April * 9% 8% May 9 8% June } 9% 8 July 9% 8# August 11 8 September 13% 7% October , 16% . 7 November 19% 6% December 19%' 6 >' - Fluctuation in Value of Hogs.—The values of no other kind of stock seem to rise and fall as rapidly as those of hogs. It has only been a few years since hog prices were away above those for anything else. For the past six months prices have beeen comparatively lower for hogs than for any other kind of live stock. Presents Values,can not last long if prices top other farm products appreciate. The' business man will put hogs on his list for next year’s crop if he is figuring oa ornflts.—Ex.