People's Pilot, Volume 5, Number 19, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 31 October 1895 — Page 4
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The People’s Pilot. BY F. D. CRAIG, (Lessee.) PILOT PUBLISHING CO, (Limited,) Proprietors. Bath> H. Yxoman, President. Wn. Washburn. Vice President. Lee E. Glazebbook, Sec’y. J. A. McFabland Treas Tbb People’s Pilot ;s the official organ of she Jasper and Newton County Alliances,and . s published every Thursday at
ONE DOLLAR PER ANNUM. Bntered as second class matter at the post office in Rensselaer. Ind. The democratic party, so-called, is a total wreck. Education is the John the Baptist of political salvation. The people’s party is growing more rapidly than ever before. The workingman could be master of the situation if he would. To be a good citizen is better than to own a whole political party. There are not many Democrats boasting of the vote they cast in 1892. Of what use is the man or woman who don’t earn their own living? Democratic success comes pretty high, but it don’t take much to do us. A good man can accomplish nothing as long as he remains in a corrupt party. The ablest defenders of the democratic record are the men who want the offices the most. It is now a question whether Cuba ■will be recognized first by Spain or the United States. It is rumored that Anna Gould’s husband, for whom she paid 12,000,000, is not much a (c) count. What are you complaining about? The great daily papers all report that “prosperity is restored.” Coxey appears to be drawing bigger crowds in Ohio than both of the old party candidates together. Only one-fifth of the families in St. Louis attend the church, but nearly all of them vote the old party tickets. Victory for party is not the end. The solution of one problem only prepares the way for solving another. Now is the time for Populists to work •—before the party whooper and campaign band begin to stampede the people. Great Britain’s attitude toward an international conference is: “We own the earth, and there is nothing to arbitrate.” The free silver party may prove to be a “flank movement” on the two old parties, and in that way help the people’s party. Every little helps. Convert somebody in your township. If everybody does this the national movement will take care of itself. There never was a time when the people’s party did not make the money question the paramount issue. This is no one man’s policy. As it appears now the ratification of the Democratic victory in 1892, was the ratification of the panic, low prices, and a failure all round. The leading Democrats of Kentucky are Republicans—and the followers are men without a party, and without the courage of their convictions. The most prominent candidate now being boomed by the republican papers for president is Mr. “Dark Horse." Others so far mentioned are too light. There will be many contests for seats in the fifty-fourth congress—but the most interesting will be that of Tom Watson and J. C. Black, of Georgia. « There are over eight hundred million dollars locked up in the United States treasury, which Secretary Carlisle figures as a part of the money in circulation. Ex-President Harrison is the first prominent candidate for the presidency to recognize the “new woman.” He is writing a series of articles on politics for the Ladies’ Home Journal. It only requires a change of one little space to make “the masses” read “them asses,” and it only requires a little more such voting as we have been having to make the change appropriate and fitting. Cleveland and Carlisle can give a foreign syndicate 110,000,000 dollars in a financial deal, but Coxey can’t walk on Uncle Sam’s grass. This is equal rights for a few and special privileges for a fewer. Nearly every daily newspaper in the country editorially denounces pugilism—yet they continue to publish in their news columns such details as are calculated to gratify the morbid craving, of the public for such barbarism. If they would ignore such bullies as Corbett and Fftssimmons the notoriety <rf these thugs would soon die out.
The dollar is only a unit of reckoning. The world la moving while you sleep. It requires brains to make a thorough populist. Rotten men throw rotten eggs at reformers. Thinkers always lead the world. Are you thinking? Right now is the time to begin the “campaign of ’96.” The man who has no argument but abuse has none at all. The more you read and think the better Populist you will be. What you sacrifice now for the cause will return a thousand fold. Texas is to have a Populist daily paper, and Missouri likewise. London money bankers are said to be wildly speculating on silver. The plutocrats love their country because of the interest it pays them. “Practical politics,” so-called, consists principally in deception of the people. Massachusetts Republicans declare for a dollar based on the single gold standard. The dollar is simply a receipt given by the buyer in acknowledgement of value received. The Democratic bosses of Ohio are afraid to have their candidate meet Coxey in debate. Watch the congressman of your district next winter, and see if he represents the people. The state Democracy of New York will fuse with the Republicans on an “independent” ticket. The evolution of the democratic party has four stages: Democrats, plutocrats, aristocrats, autocrats. If manufacturers can increase prices by combining, why can’t laborers increase wages by combining? Watson carried nine counties in his district, and Black carried only two — yet Black is declared elected. There is not a prominent gold-bug in the country but either lives on interest or sucks the public teat. If the president isn’t out fishing when you read this, he has just returned and will start again in a few days. The number of new populist papers being started every week indicates a growing demand for that kind of literature. Fraud has triumphed again in the tenth district of Georgia—but a contest before congress will seat brave Tom Watson. If the populist farmers and union laborers unite on a candidate for president next year, the fusion of both old parties cannot defeat him. Germany has ordered American insurance companies doing business in ■that country to vacate. Many of them ought to receive the same treatment here at home. The district court at Carroll, lowa, has decided that the courts of a state have no jurisdiction* over a bank. This decision, if enforced, would render all money laws void. Captain-General Campos of the Spanish army in Cuba is said to be “annoyed” at the attitude of the United States at the present time. So are we, but not in the spirit of Campos. The only papers that express the true opinions of their editors are the country papers which are owned by the editors themselves. The stock-holders dictate the policy of the great dailies. A San Francisco paper warns working people to keep away from California. Never since the settlement of the state have conditions been so des-, perate there. Yet California is rich in gold. The trouble with a gold “basis” is that about the time we get ready to build, the basis pulls out for Europe, and leaves our business structure to depend upon a balloon-frame based on a hole in the ground. The great paper trust lately formed will have to fight every newspaper in the United States —that is if it don’t buy the silence of the great daily press with a special price to papers using large quantities of its goods. Don’t let your neighbors forget that you are interested in their welfare. Lend them books and papers to read, i and give them a special personal inviI tation to attend populist meetings and hear the principles of justice discussed. The Populists are perfectly willing to confer with the silver men of the old parties upon the matter of making a platform—AFTEß THE SAID SILVER MEN SHOW THEIR SINCERITY BY LEAVING THE TWO OLD PARTIES. Not before. Get out of the old parties, then talk to us.
THE PEOPLE’S PILOT, RENSSELAER, IND., THURSDAY OCT. Bi, 1895."
GOLD STANDARD PAY.
A COMPARISON OF WAGES IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES. In Many Trade* Wage* Ara Higher In Silver Countrie* Than in AU the Gold Standard Conntriea of Europe— Figure* Deceptive. One of the arguments, or rather assertions, upon which the advocates of the gold standard lay peculiar stress is the alleged low rate of wages in silver countries as compared with those of gold countries. We have often noticed that while this assertion is made with a great deal of emphasis, the relative rates of wages in the two classes of countries are never actually stated and contrasted. We know now why they are not. It is because they do not bear out the claim of the gold standard orators. We have before us the very tables so often referred to, but never quoted, by the gold monometallists, which show the weekly wagSs paid to the general trades in countries whose currencies are on the gold and those whose currencies are on the silver basis. We observe in these tables that such gold standard countries as Egypt and Turkey are omitted from the tables, doubtless because their wages were entirely too low to show up to advantage in a gold standard argument. Nevertheless, especially prepared as these tables were for a campaign of gold monometallism, they are utterly destructive of the argument based on the comparative wage rates. While these tables show that in a number of the general trades wages are higher in the gold standard than they are in the silver standard countries, they also show that in a number of others the wages in the latter countries are higher than they are in nearly all the gold standard countries of Europe, and that they compare favorably even with the wages paid in England and France. Thus the tables show that in Mexico, bricklayers receive $lO per week, while in Germany they receive $4.21 per week, in Belgium $4.58 per week, in Holland $4.89, in Italy $4.20, in Spain $3.80, in France $5.74. In Mexico masons get SIO.BO, and in Peru, also on a silver standard, they get $14.76 per week. The same class of laborers in England get $7.68 per week, in France $5.33, in Germany $4.67, in Belgium $5.22, in Holland $4.80, in Italy $3, in Spain $3.30, in Switzerland $5.27. In Mexico the wages of a carpenter range from $1.50 to $4.75 per day. In Peru they are $9 per week, and in Venezuela, which was on the silver standard when the table was prepared, they are $9.84. In Germany carpenters get $4.11 per week, in Belgium $4.07, in Holland $4.80, in Italy $4, in Spain $3.90. Brass founders in Mexico get $lO per week, in Germany they get $4.38, in Holland $4. in Italy $4, in Denmark $4.82. In Mexico the wages of a cabinetmaker are $lO per week, in Peru they are $14.76 per week and in Venezuela they are $14.45, both of these latter countries being classed in the table as silver countries. In Germany a cabinetmaker gets $4.25 per week, in Denmark $4.58, in Belgium $5, in Holland $4.80, in Italy $3.40, in France $6.14. Tinsmiths get $7.50 per week in Mexico and sl4 per week in Venezuela. In Germany they get $3.55, in Holland $4, in Spain $3, in Belgium $4.40, in France $5.50, in England $6.50. Tailors get $7.14 per week in Mexico and $12.50 per week in Venezuela, In Germany they get $3.41 per week, in Italy $4, in Spain $4.90, in Holland $5, in France $5.62. What is there in these figures to justify the claim that high wages go with the gold standard and low wages go with the silver standard? Reduce these wages all to their gold value, and it still appears that the earnings of the workingman in these despised silver countries are higher than they are in nearly all the great and enlightened gold standard countries of Europe. When among the “great enlightened” nations of Europe, despite the blessings of a gold standard, you find laborers working for from 20 to 30 cents per day, as the reports accompanying these tables show to be the case in Italy and Switzerland, when “skilled labor” can be had in the German textile Industries for 48 cents per day, what excuse is there for all this howl about low wages in silver countries? —Memphis Commercial-Ap-peal.
Seventy years ago the state of New York, that is the government of that state, that is the people of that state, built a canal from Albany to Buffalo, the Lake Erie canal. It is nearly 400 miles in length and was built by the state at a cost of $15,000 per mile. The state of New York, that is the government, that is the people of New York, have owned it ever since. The people are proud of it and would never consent that it should be owned and controlled by a corporation. It has been paid for years and years ago. Built and paid for by the state; is owned by the state and controlled by the state. It is a great factor in carrying on the trade and commerce of not only the state of New York, but also that of the whole country. If the state of New York could build and pay for a canal 400 miles long seventy years ago, why could not the state of New York build, pay for and control a railroad? —Ex. We have about reached the conclusion that all laws passed in the interest of labor and the common people are unconstitutional, while on the other hand everything that favors capital is all right. Fifty years ago the Democratic party said congress had no power to charter a national bank, but it ain’t singing that way now. It is now in order to ask the Rothschilds what they want next.
State Ownership.
CASUALTIES.
An open switch at St. Louis caused a collision between two trains, in which both engineers were killed and a number of passengers Injured. The Lagonda hotel, at Springfield, Ohio, took fire and was destroyed. The guests escaped, but the blaze spread so fast that aid had to be obtained from Dayton. The loss is heavy. The Canadian steamer Tecumseh had a narrow escape from being burned at Ashtabula, Ohio. The department, after working two hours, succeeded in putting out the fire of mysterious origin. The cabins are gutted and the crew lost all their clothing. The engine house and wooden structures at the E. G. Krause coal mine at Massillon, 0., were totally destroyed by fire. The loss is estimated at $lO,000. A fierce fire raged in the corn fields and grass about two miles east of Hardin, Mo. The section is principally covered with prairie grass, which is cut for hay. No houses were burned. At Rockford, 111., John R. Porter, a well known merchant, fell from the third story of his store and was instantly killed. At Cudahy, Wis., Andreas Bower and an unknown woman while stepping upon a train were caught by a switch engine on another track and crushed to death. The 2-year-old child of Mr. and Mrs. John Humphrey of Anderson, Ind., was fatally scalded by boiling coffee. William Brinkman, a miner living at Auburn, 111., was fatally injured while attempting to board a moving train. Isaac Jones, a switch tender for the Grand Trunk at Granger, Ind., stumbled and fell, causing his revolver to explode. The bullet struck him in the knee, inflicting a serious wound. The walls of a bicycle factory at Clyde, Ohio, collapsed Friday, burying a dozen workmen, three of whom will die from injuries received. Mrs. Sarah Knight, 65 years old, was killed by a Lake Shore train at Adrain, Mich. Henry Luecke, Sr., of Holland, Wis., was killed in a runaway accident.
CRIME.
At Newkirk, Okla., all the officers of the defunct Newkirk Bank and of Jay county have been indicted. Creditors claim the failure occurred through their connivance. At Rochester, N. Y„ Maj. William Walbridge, 83 years old, took his life. At Tacoma, Wash., it is learned that there is a shortage of $109,000 in the accounts of ex-City Treasurer Boggs. At San Francisco, Cal., George O’Brien, laying claim to being the son of a wealthy Chicagoan, is in jail, charged with forging a $lO check. At Churden, lowa, the safe of the United States Express company was blown open and sl6 stolen. The trial at Washington of Cesar Celso Moreno, charged with criminally libeling Fava, the Italian ambassador, resulted in a verdict of guilty. Notice of appeal was given and pending it Mr. Moreno was released on $3,000 bail. At Aurora, 111., four warrants have been sworn out against the managers of the Aurora cotton mills for violation of the child labor law. Henry Hilliard, a negro, who had assaulted and murdered the young wife of a farmer, was burned to death in the public square at Tyler, Texas, in the presence of a crowd of 7,000 people, including many women and children. Counsel for H. H. Holmes, who had retired from the case, were readmitted at the request of the prisoner, who was unable to stand the severe strain of conducting the case himself. William Thorpe, of Pennsylvania, bought 1,400 acres of land in Luzerne County and improved it with buildings. The people in the vicinity have burned the buildings and fences, claiming that 1,400 acres is too much for one man to own. Closing arguments in the Durrant murder trial at San Francisco drew out such a crowd that judge, jurors and attorneys had to fight their way into the courtroom. At Waterloo, Ind., Frank Perrett was sentenced to the penitentiary for five years for killing his father-in-law, John Foetz. At Vanlue, 0., burglars blew open the safe in Uriag Sillika’s general store and took SI,OOO, half of it in gold. They escaped In a hand car. At a negro riot near Shreveport, La., two were killed and several injured. C. B. Mangum wanted $317,000,000 from the United States treasury at Washington, D. C., and got in jail. Convicts in camp on the Fort Worth road made a break for liberty. The guards killed one and wounded two. Several escaped.
FOREIGN.
At St. Johns, N. 8., news is received that 500 wreckers made an attempt to rob the wreck of the steamer Mariposa and were driven off by customs officers. The annual report of Canada’s finance department for the year 1894, just issued, shows a great increase in the quantity of real estate mortgaged and in total loans. The value of the real estate mortgaged is $115,800,000, an increase of nearly $5,000,000. Total loans for 1894 are $121,600,000, an increase of over $6,000,000. The archbishop of Cuba and bishop of Panama have left Santa Cruz for Havana. At Santa Madona, Spain, an earthquake shock was felt, but no damage was done. Rich deposits of silver have been discovered by th# Tala Indians near Guadalajara. A. K. Ward, the Memphis embezzler, is said to be in Spanish Honduras and intends to build cotton mills on a large tract of land granted him by the H«iduran government
CASUALTIES.
At Cudahy, Wis., Andreas Bower and an unknown woman while stepping upon a train were caught by a switch engine on another track and crushed to death. Mrs. Sarah Knight, 65 years old, was killed by a Lake Shore train at Adrain, Mich. The 2-year-old child of Mr. and Mrs. John Humphrey of Anderson, Ind., was fatally scalded by boiling coffee. William Brinkman, a miner living at Auburn, 111., was fatally injured while Attempting to board a moving train. Isaac Jones, a switch tender for the Grand Trunk at Granger, Ind., stumbled and fell, causing his revolver to explode. The bullet struck him in the knee, inflicting a serious wound. The walls of a bicycle factory at Clyde, Ohio, collapsed Friday, burying a dozen workmen, three of whom will die from injuries received. At Bowie Station, Md., a collision occurred on the Baltimore & Potomac railroad, in which F. A. Ellis was killed and four others injured. Henry Luecke, Sr., of Holland, Wis., was killed in a runaway accident. Edward Vincent of Weyauwega, Wis., was thrown from a wagon and fatally injured. L. H. Bailey was knocked senseless by a bolting horse at Fort Pierre, S. D., and severely injured. Bailey is Congressman Pickler’s private secretary, Henry Gross died at Sibley, la., from Injuries received in a runaway accident. He was 40 years old and a former resident of Stephenson county, 111. The body of Charles Giles was found in the Superior dry dock. He had evidently fallen from the tug Edward Fiske, on which he was cook, during the night. His skull was fractured. The Aurora, 111., iron works lost its patterns and machine shops, valued at $6,000. A workman dropped a hot casting into a bucket of papering fluid to warm it. At Muncie, Ind., Mock Bros.’ brickyard burned, throwing 100 hands out of work for the time. Loss, $14,000; insurance, $4,000, divided equally between the Wellington and Merchants’ of Indiana. Extra use of natural gas caused the fire. At Hyde Park, near Boston, Mass., an express train crashed into the rear end of a local, completely telescoping it. One man was killed and many fatally hurt. The engineer of the express disregarded signals. At Valley Junction, lowa., a passenger train ran into a switch engine on a side track, and was wrecked. One woman was killed and two men badly hurt.
CRIME.
A mob at Tiffin, Ohio, made an attack on the jail in which Lee Martin, the murderer of Marshal Shultz was confined. The sheriff fired on the crowd, and two men were shot dead. Gov. McKinley ordered out the militia, and the riot was quelled. At Omaha Robert and James Broughton and Stephen Hall confessed to about twenty robberies and an attempt to kill a grocer whose store they had entered. At Cripple Creek, Col., John Adams, colored, was arrested charged with a murder committed in Louisville, Ky., in May, 1892. A' Uniontown, Ala., Frank Metzger committed suicide because he was not allowed to take the place of a brother in jail accused of murder. , At Mesa, Ariz., Dr. Rose was shot and killed by Sheriff L. H. Orme. Rose was caught in the act of attempted murder and refused to throw up his hands. At Quincy, Mich., Mrs. Will Ward, wife of the local ticket agent, threw herself in front of a train and was instantly killed. At Oaktown, Ind., an Incendiary burned the new public school building. Loss, $9,000; insurance, $4,000. At Findlay, 0., Charles Yocum was arrested, charged with forgery, by which he secured SI,OOO from a widow he had promised to marry. Specific charges of immorality have been preferred against the Rev. Albritton, presiding elder of the Toledo, 0., district, by seven members of his church. At Manistee, Mich., W. C. Denny, formerly cashier of the First National Bank at Little Rock, Ark., was held in $2,500 bond on the charge of embezzlement.
FOREIGN.
Advices received from Adowa, Abyssinia, say that the death of King Menelek is unconfirmed, and it is even stated he is advancing towards Boroumedia. The London Daily News (Liberal) publishes a rumor that Lord Dufferin will return to Constantinople as special envoy before his retirement, Sir Phillip Currie, present Ambassador at Constantinople, meanwhile taking his place at Paris. At London a verdict was rendered that the Marquis of .Waterford committed suicide while in a fit of temporary insanity. At Hamilton, Bermuda, a hurricane is reported that caused great damage to property, but no loss of life. At Lima, Peru, President Pierola is confined to his bed with an of influei<a. At London the trial of Jabez S. Balfour was begun for alleged wrecking of the Liberator group of companies. At Paris a deputation from the department of the North protested to the government against the importation of cattle from Argentine Republic and Canada. The ill-feeling between Russia and Japan is increasing. The fleets of both nations are massed and ready for action. England is said to desire concerted action with the United States with regard to the enforcement of the Monroe doctrine and the preservation of peace in South America. ..
MISCELLANEOUS.
At Akron, 0., Alice R. 81ms, proprietor of the Pendleton House, has assigned. Assets, $18,000; liabilities, SIO,OOO. At Indianapolis, Ind., Arthur C. Arnsthal, proprietor of the Hub clothing store, has made an assignment. Assets are said to equal $7,500. At Indianapolis, Ind., the receiver of the Indianapolis National Bank was ordered to compromise the claim, against Sutherland C. Stephens, amounting to $18,246.25, for $5,500. At St. Louis, Mo., a perfunctory election of directors of the St Louis and. San Francisco railroad to serve the coming year or until the road shall have been sold by the court took place at the general office of the road. At Joliet, 111., the public schools have been closed on account of diphtheria and an effort is making to shut up the public library. At Muncie, Ind., the city of Anderson filed a petition to prevent the defilement of its water supply by the Consumers’ Paper company. The Western Building and Loan Association, at St. Louis, made an assignment of all its holdings to the St. Louis Trust Company as trustee for creditors. The assets were estimated at SIOO,OOO. Charles H. Sawyer, president of the C. H. Sawyer Manufacturing Company, whose suit caused the assignment, alleges improper transactions. Reports on the progress of the rebellion records show the completion of the first volumes of the series covering the final campaign of the war in Virginia and the Carolinas and in the trans-Mississippi region. Volume 1 of series 2, relating to prisoners of war, isready for printing. The First National Bank of La Grange, Texas, closed its doors. Liabilities, $66,855, with assets of $121,807. The steamer Commodore and cargo, seized some days ago at Wilmington with arms aboard, alleged to be for use of Cuban insurgents, has been released by order of Judge Seymour. The board of health at San Francisco has rescinded its previous action declaring Honolulu an infected port. At Indianapolis, Ind., twenty-nine policemen have been discharged by the new board of safety. Comptroller of the Treasury Bowler decided that congressmen-eiect are not entitled to government stationery until they have taken the oath of office. Tne detail of officers for the cruiser Boston has been completed and she will be put in commission at the Mare Island California navy yard, on the 18th prox.. Captain Frank Wildes will have command of the cruiser. Dr. and Mrs. Lyman Abbott weregiven a reception at Ward’s seminary, Nashville, Tenn., Monday night. Senator Blackburn spoke at Versailles,, Ky., Monday, and was accorded an enthusiastic reception. The registration in Cincinnati this, fall is the largest ever known in that city. It is 69,215, a gain of 6,644 over last year. At Cleveland, 0., at a meeting of Chinamen representing Ohio, Illinois, Minnesota and Missouri, a branch of the Lun Wo Tong Chinese secret society was formed. At Louisville, Ky., the fourteen councils of the Order of Chosen Friends have been sued and a receiver ordered. The organization is alleged in the bill to be $50,000 behind in its death claims. At Detroit Mayor Pingree in an interview advocated the abolition of the present state prison system and the adoption of stockades, where prisonerscould be made to earn their living out of the soil. At Dallas, Tex., It is said that all members cf the Dallas artillery company are to be dismissed from service in disgrace for refusing to turn out as. escort to Gov. Culberson at the State Fair. The trouble is the sequel toGov. Culberson’s course in preventing the Corbett-Fitzsimmons fight taking place in Dallas. The treasury Monday showed an. available cash balance of $182,386,271, and a gold reserve of $93,227,586. Secretary Carlisle may have lost hie right to register in Kentucky, the lawrequiring sixty days’ residence in theward.
LATEST MARKET REPORTS.
Cattle —Com. to prime.. $1.25 @5.25 Hogs 1.75 @3.80' Sheep—Good to choice.. 1.40 @3.65 Wheat—No. 260 @ .61 Corn—No. 2 .31 @ .32 Oatslß 0.10 Rye .38 @ .30 Eggs .16 @ .17 Potatoes —New—Per bu. .16 @ .22 Butter 08 @ .20 MILWAUKEE. Wheat—No. 2 spring 58 @ .50 Corn —No. 3 .32 @ .33Oats —No. 3 white .20 @ .21 Barley—No. 2 ... .40 @ .41 Rye—No. 1 .40 @ .41 PEORIA. Rye—No. 2.... .- .38 @ .40 Corn —No. 3 .. .31 @ .32. Oats —No. 2 .10 @ .20 KANSAS CITY. Cattle 100 @5.00 Hogs 3.00 @3.65 Sheep 2.00 @3.25 TOLEDO. Wheat —No. 2 .... .... .68 @ .69 Corn—No. 2 mixed 33 @ .34 Oats—No. 2 mixed .20 @ .21 NEW YORK Wheat —No. 2 red .71 @ .72 Corn —October .39 @ .40 Oats —No. 224 @ .25 Butterlo @ .23: ST. LOUIS. Cattle 1.75 @5.30 Hogs . 3.50 @3.80 Sheep 2.25 @3.40 Wheat —Cash .63 @ .64 Corn —Cash .24 @ .25 Oats —Cash .17 @ .18BUFFALO. Wheat—No. 2 red .69 @ .70 Corn —No. 2 yellow .37 @ .381 Oats—No. 2 white........ .28 @.24
