People's Pilot, Volume 4, Number 33, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 2 February 1895 — Page 8

8

Equal Opportunities for Alt

Did you ever see one of the famous waterproof Interlined Collars or Cuffs ? It’s very easy to tell, for they are all marked this way xfeuuijoiO MarkThey are the only Interlined Collars and Cuffs, and are made of linen, covered with waterproof ”Celluloid.” They’ll stand right by you day in and day out .and they are all marked this way jLt TRAOf #tLu»U)|Q The first cost is the only cost,, for they keep clean a long time, and when soiled you can clean them in a minute by simply wiping off with a wet cloth —that is the kirxl marked this way Wtuuioio markThese collars and cuffs will outlast six linen ones. The wearer escapes laundry trials and laundry Lil's —no chafod neck ai.d eo willing down if von get a collar ibis wav WMU® Mark. Ask your dealer first, mid take nothing that l.r:s not above ti . io mark, if you desire perfect s.!ti:-f;K-tion. All others qre imitations absolutely. It yon c:::fit 1;..d collars or cuffs marked this v.:y. v.-e will rer.d yc.ua saiup.r. r.T..p .>! i r ccn.t of puce. Cellars, •5 i t-, cat b. Cuffs soots, pail . Give, your sL.<- ai.d sav whether stand- . yo or turned-down collar is wanted, TH CCE LLU LOID CO M PA II Y Broudwtif, NEW YORK,

MONON TIME TABLE. SOUTH BOUND. so. " i0:52 A. M. *<)• 3.............................. 11:23 It M. No. 39 ii:2l It M. No. *43 3:25 It M. NOBTII BOUND. Nv.<’> 3:25 It M. No. r 4 4:45 A. M. No. 40 7:39 A. M. ‘ 4ii 10:00 A. M. No. 74 9:56 It M. + stop on signal. tdaily e.xc<-pi Sunday.

Try Tae Model’s new steam laundry. Frank Mover was in Chicago Friday of last week. Joe Hammond of DeMotte spent Sunday in Rensselaer. Perfectly finished laundry y;ork executed by The Model. The highest price is paid fqi core at the Nowels elevators. Amzie Laßue is able to be about again, after a few weeks sickness. Miss Emma Robinson of Hammond is visiting in Rensselaer this week. P. VV. Clark has been quite si. k this week from a very severe attack of la grippe. Tiie handsomest new line of embroideries in town just opened. Chicago Bargain Store. A boy was born to Mr. and Mrs. John Norman of Barkley township last Sunday. Born to Mr. and Mrs. Spencer Greenlee, north of Pleasant Ridge, a boy, last MondayRev. L. E. Conner will preach at the Church of God next Sunday morning and evening. The school house was burned down at Fair Oaks last Monday evening. Cause unknown. Mrs. James Jordan and Mrs. Ferguson went to Chicago last Saturday to attend the meetings of Dr. Dowie. O. C. Halstead shipped some L’ght Brahma fowls to Ladogo. last week, and took all the premiums at the poultry show. Mr. and Mrs. S. P. Thompson left for the south last Monday, W‘v re they expect to remain for a tew w«-eks. Miss EHa Ritchey left for Inuiauapoiis Tnursday. to make a permanent home with het brother-in-law, Rev. Baech. Muslin underware cheap as you can buv the muslin. Sale day, Saturday, Feb. 2d. Chica go Bargain S ore. Dr. I. B. Washburn treats ruptute by the injection method. The originator of the methr 1 c aims that any rupture that a. t i bss will-hold up can Le cu ed N. Warner & Sons are building an addition to their ware house cn Aviit sueet lu enable them to carry a lai ger supply of every fang in their line. Bob Yt Oman a? d Elden Hopkins are doing the carpenter work. Austin & Co. have unlimited facilities for placing farm loans at the lowest rates of interest and commission. There is no red ia t e about these loans. If y.-ur title is good you can get jour money in 48 hours. Address Austin & Co.. Rensselaer, ltd.

Clarence Sigler spent Sunday at home. Up-to-date laundry work at The Model. Try it. Muslin work of all kinds and plain sewing done by Mrs. Lottie George. A. J. Worstell of Hebron was visiting Joseph Green Friday and Saturday last. Special muslin underwear sale, Saturday Feb. 2d. Chicago Bargain Store. Geo. Gains and Bart Cleary of Chicago, race-horse riders, were in town this week. Turkey body feathers for sale at the poultry house. 3 cents per pound, make good beds. L. A. Bostwick has returned from quite an extended visit to his home in New York. Simon Marks of Chicago w y as a guest at the home of A. Leopold Sunday and Monday. Mr. Gleason, the horse buyer, is in town again and of course buving all the horses he can pick up. Mr. and Mrs. L. M. Hubbard of East Chicago are visiting the latter's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Sigler, this week. The Endeavor of the Christian church will celebrate Endeavor Day. next Sunday e .ening, beginningat six o'clock. W. N. Jones offers his services to th iso who have sales this fall. W. N. is an old experienced crier. Give him a call. A rare opportunity to buy clothing, cloaks and capes, shoes, blankets, underware, etc-., at the sacrifice sale. Chicago Bargain Store. Mrs. Henry Harris and daughter, Miss Jennie, will remain in St. Augustine, Florida, during the Winter, whore they went last week for their health..' Frank' Moyer has received a first class hunting dog from. Chicago, sent to him by J. G. Reynolds. and he will now be ‘•‘in it” with any sportsman in Rtenss'elaer.

Rev. W. O. Lattimore- ediib •no need a series of special' services at the Presbyterian church tu rd ay evening, to continue ’iroujrh this week and next. Attendance has been good. John Lanhoff made this office i very pleasant call a few days since, while spending a couple •f days with friends at this •dace. He has sold his farm. He mentioned a daugher three weeks old that is prospering magnificently. Dr. C. R. Kuderling will be in Rensselaer again on Saturday. February 2d, at the Makeever house. Remember he extracts vour teeth free and makes you a guaranteed set of teeth for '•(>.00; Gold fillings, 81.00; silver fillings, 50c. At the horse sale at Iliffs livery stable last Saturday sixteen horses were sold at an average of about 820 per head, Considering the fact that good horses are being chloriformed and otherwise killed in this state, the prices must have been tzood. While Joe Cam was driving a load of corn to town last Friday and walking by the side of the wagon, his team took fright and ran one wheel over his foot, breaking his small toe and othwiso bruising his foot. Dr. Hartsell was called and made .he necessary, repairs. Take your laundry to The Model.

Second Annual Charity Ball.

The young ladies of Monticello gave their second annual charity oall on Friday evening; of last, week, several of our young people attending. It was a very brilliant affair, the music being furnished by a Logansport orchestra. Miss Cooper, of Kokomo, and Mr. Kendall, of Indianapolis, I'd the grand march at 10 o'clock. Among those present from abroad wore. Messrs. Uhl. Kellar. Small and Frazee from Logansport, Misses Cooper, McI Bride and Mr. Russell from Kokomo. Messrs. Kent and McCray from Kentland, Mr. Kendall from Indianapolis. Miss Crampton from Delphi, Mr. Page fromTerre Haute. Messrs. Leopold and Johnson from Wolcott, and Misses Nellie Hopkins. Eliza Tuteur, Martha Robinson, Myrtie Wood worth, Carrie Clark, and Messrs. Hopkins, Chamberlain. Rynolds, Goff, Clarence and Ross Sigler, of our own town. All report an enjoyable time, and speak very highly of the hospitality shown I by the Monticello people. |

PEOPLE’S PILOT, RENSSELAER, IND., WEEKLY, ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR.

during any one freeze, but large stones are often cracked open in this way. When once broken open, more surface is exposed to the weather and disintegration becomes more rapid. It may be so slow r as not to be noticed, but it is nevertheless going on, and the most durable stone, even in climates no colder than this, must finally succumb to the action of frost ani lend their material to the soil. If a small piece of limestone be placed in muriatic acid, the stone will soon disappear. The acid dissolves it. If this acid be heated till it evaporates, the stone will be left in the bottom of the vessel as a tine powder. A process very similar to this is extensively carried on by nature. ' When wood or coal burns, a gas is formed called carbon dixoide, or carbonic acid, The same thing is formed when animals and plants decay. As the decay of animals and plants is always going on, this gas is always to be found in the soil. It is heavier than air, and consequently collects in low places, as the bottoms of wells and coal shafts, where it is known as choke-damp. It is soluble in water, and water charged -with it is a solvent of limestone, though not so rapid a solvent as muriatic acid. When rain water falls upon the parth and passes through the soil, it takes up this carbonic acid and in that way becomes capable of disolving the limestone beneath, if there should be any. Such water is liable to reappear somewhere on the surface as a "limestone spring,” or on a hillside as a "seep.” In either case, a portion of the limestone in solution is dropped, due either to the fact 1 hat the water evaporates .and leaves it, or that the pressure on the water is relieved on comiingtothe surface, and the gas esca]>es, just as the same kind of gas escapes from the "soda water” after it is drawn from the fountain. If the solution of the limestone is due to the presence oi the carbon dioxide, after this gas escapes the limestone must Ibe dropped. It is in this way Aha' lime has become mixed I through the soil. The dissolving power of water charged with ' jarbonie acid also accounts for tin caves always found in limestoneregions. Such waters, in constantly finding their way through the joints of the limestone, dissolve it out, carry it away in solution and deposit it somewhere on the surface. Many substances besides limestone are soluble'in the waters of

f the earth. The advantage cdtning from this fact is certainly very, great. When a substance is in solution, it is distributed throughout the dissolving liquid. After a heavy rain, the soil is completely saturated with water.. Some of the solid material in all portions of the soil is thrown into solution. and distributed by the wate r to. all; adjacent parts. In this, way the different constituents of the soil become thoroughly mixed. The water is the circulating medium by which different parts of the soil exchange material. After the rain, follows the drouth, during which the water near the surface is evaporated, and the solid matter held in solution is deposited at the surface. Of course evaporation is confined to the surface as only that portion is accessible to the air. As the surface soil dries it draws the waterup from the dam]) ground be low just as the wick of a lamp draws up the oil. This water, in turn, evaporates and leaves ; its solid matter deposited at and near the surface. In some places, as in the alkali regions of the west, material is left by evaporution in sufficient quantities to form a thick crust on the surface. By this means, the water is constantly carrying material from below and adding it to the upper portion of the soil, where it is ready to be taken up by the growing crop.

There is another manner 5 n 1 which seasons of wet and drouth contribute to soil formation. The air is a very active agent in charging soil and rock and fitting them for the use of plants. While the ground is saturated with water, most of the air is driven out; but as the water disappears by evaporation, the air follows it down, seeking every cavity, however small, causing the mineral mattei’ to change its form, and the organic matter to decay. Of course no portion of the soil becomes thoroughly dry. Enough water is left in it after the air enters, to facilitate the action of the air.

“ORIGIN OF SOIL.”

(Continued From First Page.)

The action of air on metals in the presence of water is shown in the rusting of a tin vessel put away wet, or of an unpainted iron fence; and that air and water act together in the decay of organic matter, is shown in the rotting in two of fence posts just beneath the surface of the ground. These posts do not rot so rapidly at the bottom because a less amount of air is accessible there. Closely connected with the work of the atmosphere in soil formation, is that of animals. All burrowing animals, such as moles, field mice, gophers, ants, earthworms and crawfish are active and useful agents in converting the material of the earth into productive soil. Moles and mice make small tunnels near the surface of the ground, and earthworms and crawfish dig vertical holes. Earthworms sometimes go to the depth of four feet from the surface. The holes of all animals that have taken on underground habits allow the water to enter freely and perform its work of disintegration. As the water evaporates, the air enters the holes and performs its work necessary, as we have seen, to the formation of soil, and also to the existence of plant life.

But animals themselves have a direct influence on soils. As stated above, the earthworm sometimes burrows to the depth of four feet. They find their way through the ground mainly by passing earthy matter through the alimentary canal as they move along. A small amount of this earth, in passing through the digestive track, is taken up as food for the animal, but the greater portion is ejected. In passing through the animal, the material is of necessity changed a great deal by the digestive fluid secreted and by the process of grinding. It is the habit of these worms to come to the surface during the night, thus carrying material from below and depositing it on the surface as excrement. Their chief value in soil formation probably consists in this. As there are thousands of these animals in any acre of clayey land, their combined work for a century must be very great. The gophers, prairie-dogs, and ground . squirrels of the western part of the United States have been very active in the formation of soils. Each colony of these animals will every year remove, tons of material to the surface, where it is readily disintegrated by air, water, and frost. By their death and decay, valuable ingredients are added to the soil, and carbonic acid is formed, which as above stated, is a valuable solvent in the presence of water.

It remains to consider, briefly, the part that plants play in soil formation. Plants, as well as animals,, contribute a great deal to the breaking up of rock. Many plants send their roots far into the earth, often penetrating the joints in the rock beneath, which they spread apart by growth. Besides being broken up by the roots of plants, the rock penetrated by them is slowly dissolved during the growing season by an acid which i the roots secrete. Trees, when blown down, often bring up great quantities of rock adhering to their roots. This, exposed to the weather, soon disintegrates into soil. That portion of plant remains which does not undergo complete decomposition is known as vegetable mould. This mould becomes mixed with the other ingredients of the soil, which is one of nature's methods of fertilization. It was by the decay of the vast amount of vegetation that has for centuries grown in the marshes of this portion of the state that the ’ black, low-ground soil was formed. For example, the peat and muck composing “Gifford Marsh” and the “Blue Sea.” and which is in places twenty feet deep, is the partly decayed vegetation which those swamps have produced in the centuries , past. After the water isdrained from their surface parts so that the air can enter and do its work in the decay of the vegetable matter, those swampy regions will soon be converted into valuable land. The above is a very brief statement of some of the ways in which nature has prepared that thing from which we sprang, by which we exist, and to which we must return, the soil. Permit me in closing to quote from Prof. Shaler of Harvard University: “When we perceive that civilization rests on the food-giving capacities of the

■ Get your own homes and ■ : SAVE RENTS. S • Lots in Leopold’s Ad- " • dition are all very fa- " • vorably located to the • • churches and schools. * • Terms vary reasonable • • YOU CAN BUILD • J by paying very small • 2 part on lots with long 2 2 time for balance, inter- 2 2 est 5 per cent per year. 2 H For further information call 2 a at office in The Model store. S ■•■•■•■•■•■•l®

soil, when we perceive that all advance of our kind depends upon the preservation and enhancement of its fertility, we are in a position to consider the duty which we owe to it. This obligation bids us nurture and care for this part of the earth with an exceeding tenderness and affection. It bids us ever remember that it is enriched with the dust of our progenitors, and is teeming with the life which is to come. In shaping these motives to practice, it seems first necessary to clear away those crude and indeed painful notions which lead men to look with contempt and disgust upon the soil.' If there be any of the great truths of modern learning which more than any others deserve to be imprinted on the minds of our youth, it is these lessons as to the nature and function of this beneficent part of the earth. Only through knowledge can we hope to bring men to a proper understanding of the value of the trust which is in their keeping. Until by education w r e bring people to a consciousness that the w r anton neglect of their duty to their kind which an improvident use of the soil reveals, is a form of treason to mankind, we can not hope to implant in them a proper sense of responsibility in the management of their great inheritance.”

Will Buy County Orders. Austin & Co. will pay the highest price for county orders If you want to cash them before the April installment of taxes give us a call. Austin & Co. For Sale. A good 5 room house and two lots located in Lepold’s addition to Rensselaer. For particulars call on or address Miss Anne Moosmiller. George Nagle moved to Plymouth, Wednesday. He will follow gardening there as he is favorably situated near the city and has a natural liking for that kind of work. Mr. Nagle has many friends here who wish him success in his new home and calling. Remember the “exchange,” run every Saturday by the Christian church ladies in C. D. Newel's store; they have all* kinds of pastries, baking, and ■other edibles, also needle and fancy work.

Dr. C. R. Kuderling will be in Rensselaer again on Saturday, February 2d, at the Makeever house. Remember he extracts your teeth free and makes you a guaranteed set of teeth for $6.00. Gold fillings, $1.00; silver fillings, 5Cc. Married, at the residence of the officiating minister, Wednesday, January 30th. 1895, by Rev. R. D. Utter, Mr. Osa A. Richey and Miss Minnie A. Powers, all of Jasper county. The half price sale on cloaks and clothing will continue a few more days. Chicago Bargain Store. Mrs. Hattie Thomas of Remington visited friends in Rensselaer the first of the week. Mrs. Bridger of Greencastle is visiting her daughter Mrs. I. A. Glazebrook. Correct and satisfactory is The Model’s laundering.

ICqtAl Suffrage to all CitizefiS.

Go to Hartley Bros, with your grain. Casey’s Cast Iron Cement. For mending wood, glass, earthenware, china, leather, )■ ibber, stone, bone, ivory, and )> erchaum. Manufactured and ■ .Id by John Casey, Fair Oaks, • : isper county, Indiana. Buy a Shadow. There will be a “Shadow and r ox” social at the Brushwood : hool house in Union township, 1 aturday night, February 9th, to hich every one is cordially in- " ted by the amiable teacher, Liiss Mary Goetz. Advertised Letters. .otters addressed as below remain uir < iled for in the post office at Kensse--1 >r, Jasper county. Indiana. Those not. ‘ imed within two weeks from the date ■ en will be sent to the Dead Letter < lice. Washington, D. C. Persons calling t r any of the letters in this list will please : .y they are adveitised: First adveitised Jan. 28,1895. • r. Samuel Aukney Mr. Charley Potter J. Cutham Miss Keturah Cobh .. r. Ed 1 akes E.P. Honan. P. M.

The Boxes Received. The following letter from Rev. O. R. Beebe, Winden, Nebraska, was received by Rev. R. D. Utter a few days ago: “The boxes consigned to my c ire reached me in good order this forenoon. Already they are accomplishing their mission of belief. Thanking you in the name of the needy, and praying God’s blessings upon the kind bands that have contributed to their wants.” Did You Ever. Try Electric Bitters as arunedy for your troubles? If not, get a bottle now and get relief. This medicine has been found to be peculiarly adapted 1o the relief and cure of all Female Complaints, exerting a wonderful direct influence in giving strength and tone to the organs, if you have Loss of A ppetite, Constipation, Heada he, Fainting Spells, or are Nervous, Sleepless, Excitable, Melancholy or troubled with Dizzy Spells, Electric Bitters is the medicine you need. Health and Strength are guaranteed by its use. Large bottles only fifty cents at F. B. Meyer's Drug Store.

Our Honor Roil. The following persons have our thanks for the amounts following their names, subscription to the Pilot, since our last issue. C. E. Hershman. Rensselaer ?1 Ob TV n. Babcock. “ 1 OP A. G. Hardy, , “ 1 0(> W illace Robinson, ” 100 John Makeever, “ 100 T. .1. McCoy, “ 1 GO helps Thompson. “ 1 25 Tutcurßros., “ 1 00 B. S. Fendig, “ 1 00 S. Healy, “ 1 00 Conrad Hildebrand, •• 1 00 Parke Wright, 1 00 J. F. Antrim, “ 25 GK. Hollingsworth “ g.” 100 W. B. Austin. “ 1 00 B. F. i erguson, •• 1 00 Louis Hollingsworth, “ 1 00 A. R. Hopkins, “ 1 00 M. F. Chllcote “ 1 00 r Citizens Bank, *• 2 00 J. W. Williams, “ 2 00 A. McCoy. ‘ 1 00 Riley Nowels “ 1 00 A Collins. “ 1 00 Peter Bordenian, *• 1 00 Mis-i Mary Meyer, “ 1 00 G. A. Lefler, Zard ] 00 NEW SUBSCKIBEHS. Blanche Hoyes, Rensselaer, 25 Thomas Knight, •* Martin Shanabarger. “ 25 Benj. Barger, Foresman, 50 Ferd Warne, Mt. Ayr, 2q