People's Pilot, Volume 3, Number 27, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 22 December 1893 — GIVES HIS REASONS. [ARTICLE]

GIVES HIS REASONS.

The President Explains His Action with Preference to Hawaii. tfelins That the Queen Had Been Overthrown by Reason of Unjust Intervention, He Deemed It His Duty to Right the Wrong. To the Senate and House of Representatives: In n.y recent annual message to the congress I briefly referred to our relations with Hawaii and expressed the intention of transmitting luriher information on the subject when additional advices permitted. Thouga I am notable now to report a deflnite change in the actual situation, I am convinced that the diflltul.ies lately created both here and in Hawaii and now standing in the wav o i a solution through executive action of the problem presented render it proper and expedient that the matter should be referred to the broader authority and ‘discretion of congress, with a lull explanation of the endeavor thus far made to deal with the emergency and a statement of the consideratides whicu have governed my action 1 suppose that right and justice should determiue the path to be followed in treating this subject. If national honesty is to be disregarded and a desire for territorial ex tens.on or dissatisfaction with a )otm of government not our own ought to regu- ■ late our conduct I have entirely misapprehended the mission and character of our government and the behavior which the conscience of our people demands ot their public servants. The Annexation Treaty. When the present administration entered upon its duties the senate nad under consideration a treaty providing tor the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the territory ot the United .states, .surely under our constitution and laws the enlargement of limits is a manifestation of the highest attribute of sovereignty, nad it entered upon as an executive act aii things relating 10 toe transaction should be clear and free lrom suspicion. Additional importance attached to this particular treaty of annexation, because it contemplated a departure trow utibroaeu American tradition in providing for the addition to our territory of Islands of the sea more than 2,(Mjj miles removed from our nearest coast. Instability of Provisional Government. These considerations might not of themselves call for interference with the completion of a treaty entered upon by a previous administration. But it appeared from the documents accompanying the treaty when submitted to the senate, that the ownership of Hawaii was tendered to us by a provisional government set up to tsuoceed the constitutional ruler of the islands., v ho had been dethroned, and it did not upis'ar that such provisional government had the San,lion of either popular revolution or i suffrage.

History of the Revolt. 'Two other remarkable features of the tran.-i----cicliou iniii.ruliy attracted attention. Out* was the extraordinary haste—not to say precipitancy- -cr.nracicnzing all the transactions counicted with the treaty, it appeared that a socubed committee of safety, Ostensibly the non ice of the revolt against the constitutional .government of Hawaii, was organ.z-d on Saturday, the lRh day of January; that on ftloii<luv, the 10. h, llie United States for,cs were landed at Honolulu lrom a naval vessel lyinc in its harbor; that on the 17th the scheme of a ■provisional government was perfected, and « proclamation naming its officers was on the same day prepared and read at the Covgrrimcnt building; that immediately theroii| oli toe United .states minister recognized the provisional government tin s created; that two -clays ai terwards, on the 19th day of January, •commissioners representing such government sailed lor tins country iu a steamer especially •chartered for the occasion, arriving in San fraucisco on the tistn day of January and in Wash ngton on the ltd day of February; that on the next dav they had me r first interview with the secretary of slate, and another on •flu 11 tn, when the ireaty of annexation was practically agreed upon, and that on the 14Hi it was formally cone.uJed unJ <*n the 15th transmuted to the senate 'thus between the initiation of the scheme for a prov.tioiia! government in Hawaii ou the llthday of January and the submission to the senate of the treaty of annexation concluded with such government, the .entire interval was thirty-two days, lift ed of winch were sp ut by the Hawaiian commissioners .n their journey to Wash- I ingien in the net * place, upon the iaue of the papers submitted with tho treaty, it clearly upt cared that there was i pen and uudeter mined un is-.no ol fact of the most v.tal importance. Garrison e Message. ."The message of the president accompanying thiT ireaty ci'clared that: “Too overthrow of the monarchy was not m any way promoted by this government," and in a letter to 'tie president from tue st'tro.ary ot state, also submt:ted to t lie sens to with me treaty, the following passage occurs: “At the lime tho provisional government took possession of the government buildings no u-ooiis or officers or tho United, Mates were present or took any part whatever m the proceedings. No public recognition was accorded to me provisional government by the United Mates winds let- until after the queen's dedication and when they were in e ftective posi.e.-.sion of the i government buildings, the arcu.ves, the Ire usury, 11,e barracks. liio police station and all the •potential tiiaohinery of the government " I'rotesl of the Queen. 1 11 at a protest also accompanied said treaty, ■signed by the queen and lier ministers at the tittle she made way lor the provisional government, which explicitly stated that she yielded do the Superior forces of the United States ••whose minister had caused United stales aroops to lie landed at Honolulu aud declared that he would support such provisional govern- j IIU.-11 L T he truth or falsity of this protest was surely of the first importance. If true, nothing but the concealment of its truth could induce our goyeremtut to negotiate with the setnblame of wgovermueht thus created, nor touid a treaty resulting from the acts stated in the protest have been knowingly deemed worthy of consideration by the senate. Yet the truth or falsity ol t\:£ protest had not been investigated. Why Blount Was bent to Hawaii. 1 et rue.ved it to be my duty, therefore, to ■withdraw the treaty from the senate for exarni tuition and nr an while to cause an accurate, ■fu!. and .mpartial investigation to be made ut tlt-i facts attending tho subversion of the constitutional government of Hawaii and tho m-fcta!lm--nt lit its place of the pfovis'onal governcient. i selected for the work of investigation iion. James U. Blount, of Georgia, whose .services of eighteen years as a member of the house of representatives and whose experience as chairman of the committee of foreign -affairs in. that body and U.s consequent fam.lianty with international topics, joined with his di.fh character and honorable reputation, seemed to t ender him peculiarly fitted for the duties intrusted to him. His report detailing his action under the instructions given to him and the conclusions derived from his investigation accompany this message. The Commissioner's Report.

These conclusions (lo not rest for their ac■eep'.auco entirely upon Mr. Blount’s honesty and ability as a man, nor upon liis acumcu aud impartiality as an invest gator. They are ao:accompanied by the evidence upon w hicn they arc based, which evidence Is also herewith transmitted, and from which it seems to me no • other deductions could possibly bo reached •than thotc arrived at by the commissioner. I’resident and Senate .illsled. “The report with its accompanying proofs, and such other evidence as is now before the congress or is herewith submitted, Justifies in my •opinion the statement that when the president was ied to submit the treaty to the senate with .the declaration that “the overthrow of the monarchy was not In any way promoted by this government,” and when the senate was induced to receive and discuss tt ou that basis, both president ana senate were misled The attempt will not be made in this commt uicutUm to touch upon all the facts wh,.h throw light upon tlie progress and consummation of this scheme of annexation. A Very brief and Imperfect reference to the facts and •evidence at hand will exhibit its character and •the incidents in which it had its birth. The Agitation for Annexation. It is unnecessary to sot forth the reasons ■which in January, IBM, led a considerable proport on of American aud otucr foreign merchants and traders residing at Honolulu t(> favor tho annexation of Hawaii 10 the United Statea It is sufficient lo note the fact and to observe that the project was one which was zealously promoted by the minister representing the United tetaics in that country. He cv.dentiy had an ardent desire that it should become a fact accomplished by hb. agency and during his ministry, and was not mconvenion.ly scrupuiius as to the means cop oyed to that end JJx-M lnistcr Slovens Scored. qju the 19th day of November. 18 id, nearly tvtp months before tho hrst overt act tend.ug towards the subversion of the Hawaiian gov•ernme.ut aud the ui tempted transler of Hawaiian territory to the United Si*tes, he addressed a long letter ;<> the soerstary of state in which the case for annexation was elaborately argued, on moral, political ami economical grounds. He refers to the lp*s to the Hawaiian gtigar interests from the operation of the MeKinley bill, and the tenJeuot to still further depreciation of sugar property i.ulcss some positive measuro of relief la granted. Ho strong y inveighs against the exiting Hawaiian governn:?ut and ctuph.iticaily dr4. arc* (or annex turn. He says;

Soma of Stevens' Betters. “In truth the monarchy here is an absurd ansrehromsm It has nothing on which it logically or legitimately stands The feudal ba.,is on which it once stood uo longer existing, the monarchy now is only an impediment to g.,od government, an obstruction to the prosperity and progress of the islands.” He turther says: “As a crown coiemy of Great Britain or a territory of the Unip-d States the governm-nt modifications could be made readily ai>J good administration of the law secured Destiny and the vast future interests of the United States in the Paciflc cleurly indicate who at no distant day must be respons.ble for the government of thi se islands. Under a territorial government they ouuid boas easily governed as any of the existing territories of the United Slates.” “Hawaii has reached the parting of the ways. She must now laze the road wntch leads to Asia, or the other which outlets her in America, gives her an Amirioan civilization, aud binds her to the care of American destiny.” He also declares: “One of two courses seem to me absolutely necessary to be followed, either bola and vigorous measures for annexation or a ‘customs union.’ an ocean cabie from the California coast to Honolulu, Bur Pearl harbor perpetual y oeded to tue United States, w.th an im- I plied jut not expressly s ipuiated Amer can 1 protectorate over the islands, I believe the : lormer to be the better, that which wtii prove j much the more advantageous to the is- ! lands, and tbe cheapest and least einbar- j russiug in the end to the United Slates. It it was wise fur the Unite! states through Secretary Marey thirty eight years ago to oiler to expend it 0.9J0 to seoare a treaty of annexation, it certainty cannot be I chimerical or unw.se to expend tioo.uoo to s* i cure annnexation in the near future. To-day ' the United Slates has five tunes the wealth she i possessed in lsi4, and the reasons now existing I ffir annexation are mu.h stronger Uian they ! were then 1 cannot refrain from the expression of opinion with empuasts that the golden hour Is near at hand.'' More Hot shot for Stevens.

These declarations certainly show a disposition aud condition of mind, wnicn may lie usefully recalte 1 wheu interpreting the significance of ttie minister's conceded acts, or when considering the probabilil.es of such conduct on his part as may not be admitted. in this view it s-etns proper to al*o quote a letter written by ttie minister to the secretary of state on the Bih day of March, 1c92. nearly a year prior to the first step taken toward annexation. After slating the possibility tnat the ex.sung government of Hawaii might be overturned by au orderly and peaceful revolution, Minister Mevens wr.tes as follows: “Ordinarily in like circumstances, the rule seems to t>e to limit the landing and movement of Uuiied Slates forces In foreign waters and dominion exclusively lo the protection of the United Stales legation aud of the lives and property of American citizens. But as the relations of the United States to Hawaii are exceptional, and in former years the United States offl. ials here took somewhat excop> local action in circumstances of disorder, 1 desire to know hp-.v far the present minister and naval Command r may deviate from established tn-tt-rnaiioiial rules and precedents In the contingencies indicated in the hrst part of this dispatch.”

The Hour and the IVfiln. To a minister of this temper full of zeal for annexation there seemed to arise in January, 1893, the prooise oppor.unity for w hich n was watchfully waiting—an opportunity which by timely deviation tro ii established internal! nal rules and precedents might fe improved lo successfully accomplish the great object in view; an t we are quae prepared for tae exultant enthusiasm vvi.h whiou in a letter to the state department dated February 1,189 J, he declares: “The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe and this is the golden hour lor the United Slates lo pick it." Further Diplomatic Activity, As a luriher illustration of the activity of the dip-otnatic representative, attention is called to Hie fact mat on the day itie above loiter was written, apparently unable longer to resirain his ardor, he issued a proclamation whereby "in tlie uiime of the United S ales ’ he assumed the protection of the Hawaiian islands and di Glared that said action was “taken pending and subject lo negotiations at Washington.” Of course, mis assumption of a protectorate was promptly disavowed by our government but the American flag remained over the govi rument building at Houol .lu and the forces remained on guard until April and af.cr Mr Bionnt s arrival on the scene when both were rem./Ve 1. A brief siau-meal of the occurences that hd to tt.e .supervision of the constitutional government of Hawaii, in the iu teres ,s of annexation to the United Statu,, will exhibit the true complexion of that transaction. The Committee t>f Salety. Saturday, January 14, 1893, tiioq ,een of Hawaii, who nail been coitemplamig tile proclamation of a new constitution, hud in deference to the wisucs and remonstrances of Iter cabinet, renounced the' project for the present, at least. Taking this relinquished purpose as a basis of action, citizens of Honolulu, numbering from fifty to one hundred, mostly residue* aliens, met in a private office and seleet'-da socalled t oinuiittes of safety composed of tinrte< n persons, seven of whom were foreign, subjects, and consisted.of five Americans, one Kugli-iiman ami one German. This committee, though its designs were not revealed, had iu view nothing leas than annexation to the United States and between Saturday, the 14 1 li, and ttie, following Monday, the lil.li of Jamitry —though exactly what action was taken may not be clearly disofused—they were certainty in communication with the United Stabs minister. Oil Monuay moriiiug the queen and her cabinet made public proclamation with a notice which was specially servea upon 'the representatives of ad foreign governments, that any changes in the constitution would be sought only iu tho methods provided by that instn.meat. .Nevertheless, at the call and under the auspices of the committee of safety a mass meeting of citizens was hold on that dty to proti st ag tinst the queen’s alleged illegal and unlaw ful proceedings and purposes, liven at ibis meeting the committee of safety 'Continued to uisgu.se their real parpose and contented themselves with procuring the passage of a resolution denouncing t.i« queen and empowering tho committee to proviue ways and means “to secure tho permanent maintenance of law and order aud the protection of life, liberty and property m Hawn i. ” T is meeting a ijourtied between three and four o'clock in the afternoon.

The Appeal tor American Support. Ou the same day, and immediate-y after such i adjournment, the committee, unwitting to lake 1 further steps without the Cooperation of ihe United States minister, addressed him a note representing that the public safety was menaced an t that lives and property were in danger, and concluded as-follows; “We are uua’o.e to prob-ct ourselves without I aid, and therefore pray tor tho protection of : the United Stales forces.” Whatever may be thought of the other con- j tents of thus note, the absolute truth of this latter statement is uncoil testable When the note was wrtten and delivered the committee, so far as it appears, had neither a man nor a gun at their command and after its del.very they became so panic stricken at their position that they sent some of their number to interview the minister and request him not to land the Uaited Slates forces umil the next morning. But he replied that the troops had be at ordered and whether the committee were ready or not the landing should take place. I.andiug of the Marines. An l so it happened that on the 18th day of January, 1893, between 4 aud 0 o'clock in the afternoon a detachment of murines from the ! United States steamship Boston with two I pieces of artillery landed at Honolulu. Tho { men, upward of 18) in ail, were suppl ed with ! do-ble cartridge belts tilled with ammunition ■ and with haversacks and canteens, and were I iucompanion by a hospital corps with streichi ers and medical supplies. This military dem- ! oustration upou the soil of Honolulu was of | i’soif an acl of war, unless made either with | the const nt of the gov. rument of Hawaii or for i the boon tide purpose of protecting the imper- ; .led lives anil property of citizens ot the United ; States; but there is no retense of any such consent on the part of the government i.f the queen, wnicu at that time was | undisputed and was both tue de facto aud ihe Idc jure government. In point of fact iheexistj ing government, ins'ead of requiring the presence of an armed tone, protested against it. Tnere is little basis for the pretense that such , forces were landed for the security ot Amerti can tile wad‘'property. If so they wo Id nave 1 been stationed in the vicinity of such property. so as to protect it, instead of at a distance, so . as to command the Hawaiian government buildj in;, and palace. Admiral Skerretl’s Statements. Admiral Skerrett, the officer in command of our naval force on ihe i’-icido staiiou, has frankly stated that in Ins opinion tue loculi mos the troops was inadvisable if they were j landed for tue protection of American citizens whose resideucts and p aces of business, as I wcil as ti e legation and consulate were in a ! distant pari of the city, but the location se--1 1 beted wa< a wist- one if ihe forces were land J for tue purpose of supporting the provisional govern me ax If any peril to ii e atm property calling v '{pr any such mama; at ray had existed Great Britain and oilier so edgn powers interested would not . have been behind the United Stales in activ- | ity to protect their citizens, but they made ino sign In lhat direction. Vvthu these armed men were, landed, the city of Hooo ulu whs in ' its customary, cr.b riy and peaceful condition. There was no symptom Of r.ol or disttO’UßDce i it. a.iy quam r. Men, women and csildrcn v- re j nl*o - Hie c tree is t;s usual, and upht-ag vaii d from tho ordianry routine or (lisvertMji the «•

canary tranquillity exoepf the landing ot tne Boston's marines and their march through the town to the quarters assigned them. Indeed, the fact that as er having called for the landing of tne Untied States forces on the plea of danger to life and property. tbe eommittee of safety themselves requested the minister to postpone ■ action, exposed the untruthfulness of their representations of present peril to life and property, 'ihe peril they saw was an anticipation growing out of guilty intentions on iheir part and something v. hich, though not tnen existing, they knew would certainly foi.ow their attempt to overthrow the government of the queen , without the aid of the United States forces. Hie Occupation »»f Honolulu, i Thus it appears tfiat Hawaii was taken possession of oy the United .States forces without the consent or wish of tue government of the ! islands or of anybody else, so far as shown, ex- | cept the United States minister Therefore, the military occupat on of Honolulu by the United States on the day mentioned was wholly without justification, either as an occupation by consent or as an occupation necessitated by dangers threatening American life and property. It must be accounted for In some other way 1 and on some other ground, anl its real motive ana purposes are neither obscure nor far to ‘ set If. | The United States forces being now on the ! scene and favorably stationed, tn- committee ; proceeded to carry out their original scheme. I Tuey met the next morning, Tuesday, tbe 17ih. perfected the pian of tem- | porary government and fixed upon its principal officers, ten of whom were drawn from mo thirteen members of the commitiee ! ot sa.ety. Between ouo and two o'clock, by ! squads and by d ffcreul routes to avoid notice, ' aud having first taken the precaution of as.erI taluing wuotner there was anyone ih-.-ro to oppose them, they proceeded to me government , bunding to proclaim me new government No ■ s.gu of oppos.tion was manifest aud thereupon ' an American citizen began to re.ifi the procla- I madiou Horn llie steps of the government build- | ibg almost entirely without aud.tors, it i.s said | that be lure the reading was tin,shed quite a concourse of persons, var.o s.y estimated at from tifiy to UK), some armed and some (inarmed, gathered about »nc committee to give tuem a.a and confidence, This staiemeni is not important, since ice one conirolling'iactor in tue whom affair was unquestionably the'Unlted & kites marines, who.dt-awn up under arms and with artillery in readiness omy 7o yards distant, dominated ihe situation.

Ttie Government's ITociam alien. The provisional government thus proclaimed i was by iho terms of the proclamation “10 exist j until terms or union with the United is.ales had oeou negotiated and agreed upon.” Tne U..ited btiues minister, pursuant to prior ] agreement, recognized tuis government wun.n ! un hour after the reading of tho proclamation, I and b dure 5 o’cioc.t, in answer to an inquiry on beha f of the queen aud her cubI met, announced that he had done so. I When our minister recognized the 1 provisional government the on.y oasis upon j which it rested was the ract that the committee l of safety had tn the manner above stated de- | dared it to exist, it was neither a government de iacto nor tie jure- Thai it was notinsueu possession of tne government property ana | ugeiio.es as ou tilled it to recognition is cuim, u- | s.vely proved by a uoie found in tno tiles of me j legation at Honolulu, addressed bv the deI elured head of the provisional government to Minister Stevens, uated January 17, 1.-9,,, lin which he acknowledges w.tn expresi sions of appreciation the muusier's recognition 1 ol lue provisional government, and stales that | it is not yet m the possession of the station I house, the place where a large uu.uber of tue queen's troops were quartered. Though the same hud been demaudeuof the queen’s officers | in charge, nevertueio.ss. this wrongful recognition by our minister placed the government of the queen in» position ot most perilous por- | (nt-iit On ouo hand, she had possession of the i palace, ot the barrao .saudoi tno police station, | and had at her uommand at least oOJ fully | armed men a.ut 8 veral pieces of artillery, m- ; dce l, tne Whole mtiilary force of her kingdom i was on her side and at her disposal, while tho committee of safety, oy actual search, had dist covered that there w re but very few arms in Honolulu that were not iu the serv.ee ot tue fgovernment. in this stale ot things if the queen could have de-ait with tbe insurg Ms alone her course would bu»vu been plain and the resuit unmistakable- But tho Uimeti S ates had a - lied tiers it witu ucr enemies, had recognized them -as the true government of Hawaii, aud had put her and her adherents in the position of opposition against lawful authority, blio knew that sue eouiu not withstand tue power of the United Slates, hut s le believed that she might safely trust to iis justice. Aoeurtiingly, Some hours alter tne recogui lion of the provisional government by tbo United states minister, the palace, the Larracks and the police station, with aid tne military resources of the country, were delivered up by the queen upou the representation made to her that her cause would thereafter be reviewed at Washington, and while protesting that she .surrendered to the su lerior for-e of tno United Slap s. whose uiiuist r had oaus-d Un.ted Slates troops to be landed at Honolulu, and declared that he would support tue provisional government, and that s .e yielded her autho-r----iiy to prevent collision of armed forces ua-i loss of life ana only unt.,l smli time as the United States, upon the facts being presented to it, should undo the action of the representatives and reinstate her in the authority she claimed as trie ev tistitetional sovereign of the Hawaiian islands. This- protest was delivered to the chief of tlie provisional government, who indorsed thereon, hiis auknowlegemcnt of its receipt The.lerms-of the pro esi were read without dissent by tnose-as-sumiiig to constitute the provisional government, who were certainly charged with theknow ledge that the queen, instead ot finally abandoning her power, hud appealed, to tine justice of the United States for reinstatement in her authority, and yet the provisional government, with tins unanswered protest in its hands,, hast, ned to n-gotiale with the United Stages for .he permanent bauishmenttof llie queen, lrom power and for a sate of her kingdom

President Jackson Cited. Our countary was in d tnger of occupying the position of having actually set up a temporary government on loreign soil for the purpose of acquiring through that agency territory which we had wrongfully put in its possession. The control of uolu sides of a bargain acquired in such a manner is called by a familiar and unpleasant name when found in pr,vale transaulions. We are not without a precedent showing how scrupulously tve avoided such accusaiioiis in former days. After the people of Texas had declare i heir in.tepend- j | deuce of M -xUo. they reso.ved. that on the ao- ! know lodgement of ttieir indepondenee by the United States they would seek.admission into 'lie union. bevorai months attor the' battle of, San Jacinto by which Texas independence was practically assured and. estaoli,hcd. President Jackson declined to recognize it, alleging as one of his, ] reasons that In the c.rcumstanoes it become us. | “to beware of a too early movement as it, might : subiect us,, however unjustly, to the imputation j of seeking to estaoii.u the cb.dm of our neigii- | bora-to a territory with a view to Us subsequent acquisition by ourslvcs. ’’ This is iu mariiul contrast with tho hasty • recognition of a government openly 1 anil concededly set up far ihe purpose of tendering to us territorial annexation. I believe that a candid and thorough examination of the facts will force the conviction ihtvi the ; provisional government owes its existcucs to lan armed invasion by ihe United Sta'es, Fair j minded people w.tli the evidence before them | wih hajaU, oiaim ihat the Hawaiian govern- | ment was overthrown by me people of the • islands.or that the provisional government lias j ever enisled with their consent. Ido not : understand that any member of this gov-ernma-at claims that the peop.o would u; hold it by their suffrages if; they were allowed to vde on tho question. VVh.le n tUrratly sympathizing witu every effort lo establish a

republican form of government it has beta the settled policy of ihe United States to concede to people, of, foreign countries the same freedom and iuuepeiKlen.e in ihe mauagetuant of tneir dome sac affairs that we have always claimed for ourselves, and it lias 1 een our practice to j recognize revolutionary governments us soon ! ss it became appateuc tint m., y were supported by the people. Pqr iiihstra.tion • f this rule I need only to r-tfer to tue revolution in Brazil in 1889 when our imuist t was Instructed to ? cognize iho republic, so soon as. a mijoriiy-of the people of Br.,z 1 shoul t have sign lied their assent to ; its es aolisnment ami uiainSsihauO’-; lo the revolution .u O.iitii,in 1 91, wmn our minister w s disposed to re. oguize me sew government ‘.f it as accepted by the people,’ amt to ttie rcvolu'ioii iu Venezuela, in l®c, when our recognition was accorded on cwndit cm tiat thCt new government was “fully es.ab ished, in po- ' session of the power of tin nation, and ae- ; copied by ihe people.” As. I apprehend thoi situat ot, we are brought lace to face with Useful owing conditions: The iiuml uovernm 'iit of Hawaii was overthrown without the drawing of a s vord or the tiring of a shot by a process, every step of which, it may safely b« a.-serted is directly traceable to and dep- n out for it-, success upon tbe .areucy el ihe United Slates government through Us diplomatic- and naval represtnuli vi s. But f,ir the n morions predi loot ions of : the United states rnifSkt-r for annexidkui. tue cotoniiiiee of safety, whisli shou.d be called tue committee o? auniac vt.on, would never itive existed. Biyt for ihe i.Hiding of the Un-ted States fut-w. 3 upon false pretexts respecting the duiker to liio a.i 1 property the comniiuee wouai never tiav - exposed ihern-i-cives :o tho pau.s and pi unities ll treason oy ! uml"! . nting ;lia suoversion of th“ queen s govj ernmiMt. But tho presence of die United ! S ales force in ttie immediate vicinity, and o' j position, to afford all u eded proi- ction and aup-xirt ''4o committee would not have pro- ! c;alm J .he pr .v sion.il tfovermuent fi\th Vue fttcpu ui tlie goTerumudV huiil-.nj.

Finally, but lor the lawless occupation of Honolulu under false pretexts by the United States forces and but for Minister Stevens’ recognition of the provisional government when the United States forces were i s sole support and constituted Us only military strength. the que.-n and lier government wpuld never have yielded to the provisional government even for a time, and for the sole purpose of submitting her case to the enlightened justice of the United States. Poet Not Favor Annexation.. Believing, therefore, that the United States ■ could not under the circumstances disclosed. , annex the islands without justly incurring the I imputation of acquiring them by unjustillable ' methods. 1 shad not ag tin submit the treaty of annexation to the senate for its consideration, and in the instructions to Minister Willis, a copy of which accompanies this message, I h tve directed him to so inform the provisional gov- ■; eminent. Wants Justice Done to Hawaii. But in t e present instance, our duty does cot, 1 in my opinion, end with refus ng to consumj mate Ih s questionable transaction, it has i leen the boast of our government that it seeks j to do jas ice in all th ugs w hout regard to the ' stroi giu or weakness of those with whom it deals By an act of war, committed with the participation of a diploma’ic representative of the Uni ed States and without authority of congress, th i government of a feeble but friendly and confiding people has becti overthrown. A substantial wrong has thus been done ivh.ch a due regard for our n itional character as well as the rights of the injured people requires wa should endeavor to repair. 'the provisional government .has not assumed a republican or other constitutional form, but has remained a mere executive couueil oligarchy. sot up without the assent of tiis people. |ll has not sought to lind a pernmnemt basis of popular support an 1 has given no evidence of an intention to do so. Indeed, the representatives of ihat government assert that the people of Hawaii are untit for popular goverum nt and I rankly avow that they effn be best ruled by arbitrary or despotic power. America Must Vindicate Its Honor. The United States cannot properly bo put in the position of countenancing a wrong after its commission any more than in thatofconso.iting to in advance. On that ground it cannot alullow itself to refuso to redress an injury inflicted through an abuse of power by officers clothed with its authority hnd wearing its uniform: and, on the same ground, if a feeble but friendly state is iu danger of bTTng robbed of its independence and its sovereignty by a misuse of the nam eand power of the United St *tes, the United States cannot fail to vindicate ns norn.r and its sense of justice by an earnest effort to make all possible reparation. Wants a Peaceful Adjustment. In the belief that the queeu, as well as her enemies, would be wilting to adopt such a course as would meet the prevailing conditions, and in view of the fact that both the queen and toe prov.sioiial government had at one time apparcaiiy acquiesce 1 in a reference ot the entire case to the United States .government, and, considering the further fact that in any event the provisional government by its own declared limitat.on was only to exist until terms of union with the Uuited States of America have been negotiated and agre d upon, 1 hoped that after the assurance to the members of that government that such union could,not be consummated I might compass a peaceful adjustment of the difficulty. Demands Dladu Upon the Queen. Actuaied by these desires and purposes, and not unmindful ot the inherent perplexities of the situation nor of the limitations upon my power, 1 instructed Minister Willis to advise toe queen and her supporters of my desire to aid in the restoration of the stains existing before the lawless land ng of 'tie United States forces at Honolulu on the 16th of January last, if such restoration could be effected upon terms providing for clemency as well us justice to all parties concerned.

Minister Willis’ Instructions. The conditions suggested, as the instructions show, contemplate a general amnesty to those concerned in setting up the provisional government anil a recognition of all its bo iivfide acta and obligations. Ip short, they require that the pas' should b" b ried and that the nestoredgovernment should reassume its authority as it its continuity had not been interrupted. Too Queen Not .'satisfied. These cond.tio is have not proved acceptable- . to the queen, and though she has been informed that iltey wi.l be insisted upon, and thud, unless acceded to. the efforts of the president to aid in the restoration of her government will cease, I have not thus far learned that she is willing to yield them her acquiescence. The check which uiy plans have thus encountered lias prevented tueir presentation to toe members of the provisional governm-nt, while unfavorable public misrepresentations of the situation un i exaggerated statements of the sentiments of our peoplo have obviously injured iho prospects of successful executive mediation. 1 therefore submit this communioatiou with its accompanying exhibits, embrac.ug Mr. Blount’s report, the evidence and statements taken by him at Honolulu, the instructions given to both-Mr. Blount and Minister Willis, and correspondence connected with tho affkir in hand. Will ffooperatc with Congress, In commending this subject, to the extended, powers and wide discretion of congress. I des re to add the assurance that I si all be mm b. p rati lied to cooperate in any legislative plan, which may he dev.sed for the solution of the problem before us which is consistent with. American horor, integrity and morality. • G kovkipCle VKI.AND, Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C., Deo. 1893.