People's Pilot, Volume 2, Number 46, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 5 May 1893 — A GOIBEN KEY. [ARTICLE+ILLUSTRATION]

A GOIBEN KEY.

Pressed by the Presidential Finger and the Columbian Exposition Bursts Into Life, Imposing Ceremonies Attend the Opening of the Great Fair on May Day at Chicago. They Are Viewed by a Concourse of Delighted Spectators, Whose Numbers Are Estimated at 500,000. A Scene of Wondrous Splendor—Text of President Cleveland's Address— W. D. Croffut’s Poem. THE WONDER OF THE CENTUBY. Chicago, May 2.—A great achievement, the fame of which has set the world a-ringing. has been accomplished. Before thousands of delighted, enthusiastic spectators who gathered at Jackson park, despite the lowering clouds the president of the United Slates at noon started the World's Columbian exposition and unfolded all the wondrous glories of an art that seems inspired of Heaven, the highest products of man's handicraft and the miracles of nature turned to the uses of the occasion by the hand of man. Around him stood the representatives of governments that now, for the first time, have joined In manifesting their friendship and admiration for a nation that locks to the rising sun for inspiration. Among them stood the deaoendant of the man whose sturdy faith against misfortune, whose earnestness and whose courage cut through the sea the path that led westward the pioneers of the new world. Dignified and Simple. The nature of the opening ceremony was characterized by dignity and simplicity. It was the express wish of the president that the parade and pageantry should be cut down as much as possible, and that he should be permitted to perform the function for which he came west with the sort of simple dignity that site so well on the president of the United States. He was escorted quietly to Jackson park and the exposition grounds themselves furnished the rest of the show. The Great Fair Opened. Some music by the orchestra, prayer by the chaplain of the national house of renresentatlves, the reading of a poem and the delivery of addresses by the director general and the president were all the features of the very simple and appropriate programme. Then came the real sight of interest The president, declaring the fair open, touched a button; down tumbled the drapery from the golden statue of the republic, out leaped flags of every color from 900 staffs, the fountains and the band both played and the great Columbian exposition was formally inaugurated. Before the ceremonies were half over twenty women and halt as many children had been removed unconscious to the hospital, where a corps of physicians was in waiting. Most of the helpless ones nad simply fainted, but a number were suffering from internal injuries received in the jam, and it was feared that a fatal termination might ensue.

A GRAND PAGEANT. The Magnificent Escort of President Cleveland to Jackson Park. Xt was a magnificent procession that escorted President Cleveland and the duke of Veragua and their parties down Chicago’s beautiful boulevards to Jackson park for the opening ceremonies. Starting from the Lexington hotel, corner Michigan avenue and Twenty-second street, where President Cleveland had been domiciled since Saturday noon, the column proceeded along Grand boulevard to Fifty-first street, thenee through South park by way of Bayard avenue to Palmer avenue, thence to the Western entrance of Midway Plaisance. At this point Col. Ri<je, commanding the Columbian guard, met the column and guided it to Jackson park. . Following Is the order of the parade: Platoon of South Park mounted police a detachment of mounted city police, twen-ty-seven men, under command of Lieut. C. C. Healy. Company B, Seventh United States cavalry, under command of Capt. E. A. Varnum, and Company K, of the Seventh United States cavalry, under command of Capt. L. R. Hare. The Chicago Hussars, under command of Capt E. L. Brand. Troop A of the Illinois national guard, under command of Capt Lino. The column was in command of Maj. T. A. Baldwin of the Seventh United States cavalry. First five carriages—-Commissioners and escort Sixth carriage—The director general of the exposition, the director of works. Seventh carriage—The president of the United States, the president of the World’s Columbian commission, the president of the World’s Columbian exposition. Eighth carriage—Vice presidents the United States, Jex-President Lyman J. Gage, ex-Presl-dent William T. Baker. Ninth carriage—Secretary of state and escort Tenth carriage—Secretary of the treasury and escort ■ ' Eleventh carriage—Secretary of the navy and escort Twelfth carriage—Secretary of the interior and escort Thirteenth carriage—Secretary of agriculture and escort. Fourteenth carriage—Duke of Veragua, the first vice president of the commission, the first vice president of the exposition, Commander Dickens. Fifteenth carriage—Duchess of Veragua, Mrs. Potter Palmer, president of the board of lady managers of the World’s Columbian exposition, Mrs. Commander Dickens. Sixteenth carriage Marquis de Barboles second vice president of the commission, second vice president of the exposition. Seventeenth carriage—Hon. Christobel Colon y Aguilera, Hon. Harla del Pilar Colon y Aguilera, Commissioner Thomas G. Gutierres., Eighteenth carriage—Hon. Pedro Colon y Bertenado, Hon. Carlos Aguilera, Marquis Villalobar, Director Charles L. Hutchinson. Nineteenth carriage—Thomas F. Bayard, Lambert Tree. Twentieth carriage—Major general, commanding United States army, and aids. Twenty-first carriage—Admiral Gherardiand aids. Twenty-second carriage—Governor of the atate of Illinois. Twenty-third carriage—Mayor of the city of Chicago. At 9:45 the procession left the Lexington hotel At 11 o'clock Lieut. Healy’s advance guard of mounted police reached the west entrance of Midway Plaisance and in a few minutes were in front of the platform in front of the Administration building. A short time later the great parade was at an end. HOW THE FAIR WAB OPENED. Order of Exercises in Front of the Administration Building. As he stepped out on the platform to declare the world’s fair formally opened to the world Cleveland was greeted by as great a crowd of people as witnessed the dedication ceremonies last October in Manufactures halt The event was of far greater importance and deeper interest than the one that is passed. Then the exposition was in great part only an anticipation. Now it is a gorgeous reality. The Invited Guests. On the platform were seated the specially invited guests of the fair in the following order: President Cleveland, Vice President Stevencon, Secretary of State GreSham, Secretary of Treasury Carlisle, Secretary of Navy Herbert Secretary of Interior Smith, Secretary of Agriculture Morton, the duke of Veragua, the duchess of Veragua, Marquis de Barboles, Christobel Colon of Aguilera, Pedro Colon y Bertenado, Thomas F. Bayard, Lambert Tree, Maj. Gen. Miles, Admiral Gherwrdt, Gov, Altgeld, Mayor Harrison, Director General Davis, Director of Works Burnham, President PaiMr, President Higinbotham, Lyman J. Gage,

William T. Baker. Vice President Waller of the commission. Vice President Peek of the directory, Mrs. Potter Palmer, president board lady managers. The Ceremonies. All things being in readiness, the following programme was carried out: Music—Columbian march for orchestra—John K. Payne. Prayer—Rev. W. H. Kilburn, D. D.. Washington. Poem, “The Prophecy," written by Mi W. A CrcCut, of Washington. Music, orchestral overture, “Rienzi”—Wagner. Address by the director general. Address by the president of the United I States. Starting of machinery. Official reception of the president of the United States and the officials of the World’s Columbian commission and the World’s Columbian exposition by the various fareign commissioners in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts building. A Stirring Poem. After the prayer by Chaplain Milburn of the house of representatives. Director General Davis led forward Miss Jessie Couthoui. who recited W. D. Croffut's poem, '‘The Prophecy.’’ The poem is as follows: Sadly Columbus watched the nascent moon Drown in the gloomy ocean's western deeps. Strange birds that day had fluttered in the sails. And strange flowers floated round the wandering keel, And yet no land. And now, when through the dark The Santa Marta leaped before the gale, And angry billows tossed the caravels As to destruction, Gomez Rascon came. With Capt Pinzon through the frenzied seas. And to the admiral brought a parchment scroll. Saying: “Good master, read this writing here— An earnest prayer it is from all on board The crew would fain turn back in utter fear, No longer to the pole the compass points; Into the zenith crops the northern star; You saw but yester eve an albatross Drop dead beneath the flying scad The devil's wind blows madly from the east Into the land of nowhere, and the sea Keeps sucking us adown the maelstrom's maw, Francisco says the edge of earth is near. And off Erebus we slide unhelmed Last Sunday night Diego saw a witch Dragging the Nina by her forechains went, And wildly dancing on a dolphin's back: And as she danced the brightest star in Heaven

Slipped from its leash and sprang into the sea Like Lucifer, and left a trail of blood. I pray thee, master, turn again to Spain, obedient to the omens, or, perchance, The terror-stricken crew, to escape their doom, May mutiny and—” “ Gomezßascon, peacel” Exclaimed the admiral. “Thou hast said enough. Now, prithee, leave me; I would be alona" Then eagerly Columbus sought a sign In sea and sky and In his lonely heart, Finding, instead of pressages of hope, The black and ominous portents of despair. As thus he mused he paced the after-deck And gazed upon the luminous waves astern. Strange life was in the phosphorescent foam, And through the goblin glow there came and went. Like elfin shadows on an opal sea, Prophetic pictures of land he sought He saw the end of his victorious quest, He saw a blaze on Isabella's breast, A string of antillean jewels rest— The islands of the west He saw Invading plenty dispossess Old poverty, the land with bounty bless, And through the wretched caverns of distress Walk star-eyed happiness. He saw the Bourbon and Braganza prone, For ancient error tardy to atone, Giving the plundered people back their own, And flying from the throne. He saw an empire, radiant as the day, Harnessed to law, but under freedom’s sway, Proundly arise, resplendent in array, To show the world the way. • He saw celestial peace in mortal guise. And, filled with hope and thrilled with high emprise, Lifting its tranquil forehead to the skies, A vast republic risa He saw, beyond the hills of golden corn, Beyond the curve of autumn's opulent horn, Ceres and Flora laughingly adorn The bosom of the morn. He saw a cloth of gold across the gloom, An arabesque from evolutions loom, And fromjthe barren prairies spume, Imperial cities bloom. He saw an iron dragon dashing forth Along an iron thoroughfare—south, north, East, west, uniting in beneficent girth Remotest ends of earth. He saw the lightning run an elfin race, Where trade, love, grief and pleasure interlace, And absent ones annihilate time and space, Communing face to face He saw relief through deadly dungeons grope; Foes turned to brothers, black despair to hope, And cannon rust upon the grass-grown slope,; And rot the gallow’s rope. Hp saw the babes on labor's cottage floor; The bright walls hung with luxury more and more, And comfort, radiant with abounding store, Wave welcome at the door. He saw the myriad spin,dles flutter round; The myriad mill-wheels strake the solid ground. The myriad homes where jocund joy is found, And love is throned and crowned. He saw exalted Ignorance under ban, . Though panoplied in force since time began, And science, consecrated, lead the van, The providence Of man. The picture came and paled and passed away, And then he said to Pinzon in the gloom, “Now, Martin, to.thy waiting helm again, Haste to the Pinta; westward keep her prow, For I have had a vision full of light, Keep her prow westward in thq Sunset’s wake From this hour hence, and let no man look back."

Address of Director General Davis The following is a synopsis of the address at Director General Davis: He said the exhibition was not the conception of any single mind; it was not the result of any single effort; but it was the grandest conception of all the minds and the best obtainable result of all the efforts put forth by all the peoole who have in any manner contributed to its creation. In this connection he praised the work of his co laborers and of the various chief of departments. Referring to the expenditure entailed by the various governments he said the government had appropriated about 15,000,000, the various states a sum in excess of $6,000,000 and the foreign nations another $6,000,000 Chicago and its citizens besides contributing $11,000,000 furnished a loan of $5,000,000 more. The total expenditures on account of the fair exceed $100,000,000. He expressed his obligation to the thousands of exhibitors and to the women of the land, and, closing, expressed the hope that the exposition may inaugurate a new era of normal and material progress and a fervent aspiration that the association of the nations here may secure not only warmer and stronger friendships, but lasting peace throughout the world. Address of President Cleveland. Mr. Davis was liberally applauded during the delivery of his address, but as he took bis seat and the burly form of President Cleveland arose and took a step forward, the applause broke out with a spontaneity that was irrepressible. Mr. Cleveland bowed slightly and smiled and then spoke as follows: “I am here to join my fellow citizens in the congratulations which befit this occasion. Surrounded by the stupendous results of American enterprise and activity and in view of magnificent evidences ot American skill and intelligence, we need not fear that these congratulations will be exaggerated We stand to-day in the presence of the oldest nations of the world and point to the great achievements here exhibited, asking no allowance on the score of youth. The enthusiasm with which we contemplate our work intensifies the warmth of the greeting we extend to those, who have come from foreign lands to illustrate with us the growth and progress o human endeavor in the direction of a higher civilization. We who believe that popular education and the stimulation of the beet impulses of our citizens lead the way to a realization of the proud national destiny which our faith promises, gladiy welcoming the opportunity here afforded us to see the results accomplished by es-

forts which have been exerted longer than ours in the field of man’s improvements, while in appreciative return we exhibit the unparalleled advancement and wonderful accomplishments or a young nation, and present the triumphs of a vigorous, selfreliant and independent people. We have built these splendid edifices, but wo have also built the magnificent fabric of a popular government, whose grand proportions are seen throughout the world. We have made and here gathered together objects of use and beauty, the products of American skill and invention; but we have also made men who rule themselves. It is an exalted mission in which we and our guests from other lands are engaged, as we cooperate in the inauguration of an enterprise devoted to human enlightenment and in the undertaking we here enter upon we exemplify in the noblest sense the brotherhood of nations. Let us hold fast to the meaning that underlies this ceremony, and let us not lose the impressiveness of this moment As by touch the machinery that gives life to this vast exposition is set in motion, so at the same instant let our hopes and aspirations awaken forces which in all time to come shall influence the welfare, the dignity and the freedom of mankind.” Touched the Button. As the president was concluding the final sentence his eyes wandered to the table that was close at his left hand. Upon this was the button the pressure upon which was to start the machinery and make the opening of the exposition an accomplished fact. It was an ordinary form of Victor telegraph key, such as in use in most telegraph offices, except that it was of gold instead of steel, and a button of ivory instead of bone. It rested upon a pedestal upholstered in navy blue and golden yellow plush, and on the sides of the lower tier, in silver letters, were the significant dates 1492 and 1893. As the i,7ast words fell from the president's lips he pressed his finger upon the button. A Never-to-Bo Forgotten Scene. The demonstration when President Cleveland pressed the key to start the machinery in motion was one long to be remembered. At that same instant the electric fountains in. the lagoon began to play, the chimes in Manufactures hall and on the German building sounded the news of the exposition opening, and steam whistles tooted all over the grounds. Overhead the flags at the tbps of the flagstaffs in front of theplatform unfolded and revealed two gilded models of the ships in which Columbus first sailed to American shores. The stars and stripes and the flags of all other nations that top the pikes on every building within view were unfurled. Salutes were fired from the Michigan and from the battleship Illinois, and everything that could make a racket to be heard joined in the great glorification. Nearly 700 men were employed to carry out this instantaneous display feature. Over 500,000 Persons Attends President Palmer of the national commission telephoned to New York Monday' night that the total receipts for the opening day of the exposition were J 178,000.50. He stated that 357,000 people were admitted to the grounds and paid admission. The number of complimentaries would increase this number to more than half a million. The greatest number of paid admissions tor any one day at the Paris exposition was 3W.000 and at the Philadelphia centennial 275,00 ft THE FOREIGN RECEPTION. President Cleveland Is Eseorted to Manufactures Building. Immediately after luncheon the presidential party was escorted to the Manufactures building, at the door ot which they were met by the representatives of the foreign nations. The carriages approached the buildings from the southwest tend driving into the great, door stopped while Mhe president and his companion* dismoußed and returned the

MltitM vs the foreign representative*. The Argentine republic was represented by fire oommiaeioner-i, Austria by nine, Belgium by ten. Brazil by two, British Guinea by one, Bulga.ia by one, Canada ty twenty-feur. Cape Colony by four. Ceylca by two, Columbia by one. Costa Rica by seven, Curacoa by one, Denmark by eleven, Ecuador by five, France by twenty-five, Germany by forty-five, Great Britain by eleven, Hayti by four, Italy by eleven, Jamaica by three, Japan by hine, Johore by two, Korea by fivn Liberia by three, Mexico by twenty-two, Nefaierlands by two. New South Wales by eleven, Nicaragua by one, Norway by ten, Orange Free State by one, Greece by four, Paraguay by five, Persia by two, Portugal by two. Russia by twenty-two, Siam by three, Spain by twelve, Sweden by ten, Switzerland by two, Trinidad by one, Turkey by five, Uruguay by five, Venezuela by ten. After a general handshaking the distinguished guests were escorted through —the great buildings and an inspection of the exhibits as far as they were completed was made From the Manufactures building the president went to the Government building to inspect the displays made by the departments. Another trip was made to the Woman’s buikling, where the opening ceremonies of the board of lady managers were held, and after that the party were taken to such places on the grounds as they expressed a desire to see.

FAIR IS FAR FROM COMPLETE. Still It Is Even Now a Wonderful Display of the Results of Energy. The World’s Columbian exposition is an unfinished and somewhat ragged show. It is complete in spots and sorrowfully incomplete in others. There are buildings but half constructed, pavilions yet to be started and exhibit spaces with nothing in them. What there is, however, is more than was ever shown at a world’s exposition before, and under the veil of incompleteness are to be found the most encouraging evidences of the magnificence that is to be Such grand buildings, such magnificent courts and waterways and such beautifulstretches of landscape are now to be seen for the first time The exhibits, though still imperfectly shown, are grander and more comprehensive than any made before. The foremost nations of the earth have vied with one another in the representation of their resources to make the Columbian exposition the magnificent spectacle it is. If the officers of the exposition are to be blamed for their tardiness, they must also be praised for what they have accomplished.

SPENT A MINT OF MONEY. Three Hundred Millions Represented in Buildings and Exhibits. The expenditures within the boundaries of Jackson park and Midway Plaisance have reached the enormous sum of $40,000,000. The exposition company Itself has spent $20,000,000. In addition to that are the expenditures of states and territories, foreign governments and colonies and individual concessionaires. If one were to speculate further and make some estimate of the total accumulation of wealth which will be bounded by the exposition fence he would arrive at figures which would be nothing short of astounding. Of course, no accurate measure of that aggregate figure can be made, but directors of the exposition company say that the remarkable total of 1300,000,000 would not bo too large. Never before in the history of the world has such an aggregate of wealth been gathered within the same compass. The cost of the principal buildings has been as follows: Manufactures and Liberal Arts 81,727,431 Machinery hall 1,175 897 Art 737.811 Agriculture 638,657 Transportation........ 483,183 Administration 463,213 Electricity 423,350 Mines and Mining 260’a30 Fisheries Music hall. Casino and Peristyle 366,253 The total number of exhibitors will not be far from 50,000, and exhibits installed from 90,000 to 100,000. Midway Plaisance. The Midway Plaisance is a section of the boulevard 600 feet w'ide. extending 1 mile west of the rear of the Woman's building. It bears the same relation to the exposition that the sideshows have to the circus. German, Irish, Austrian, Turkish, Javanese and Egyptian villages, mosques, kiosks, and pagodas, menageries, panoramas, casinos, cliffdwellers, snake-charmers, Esquimaux, a sliding railway, a gigantic iron whirligig and a captive balloon, all! representing an investment of about a million and a half by private speculators, are the chief attractions of this bazar of nations.

STORY OF THE FAIR. Inception and Development of the Greatest of All Expositions. It was on Christmas eve of 1890 that ex-Presi-dent Harrison issued his proclamation announcing to the nations of the earth the great world's fair enterprise and asking their participation in it. To that invitation every civilized country on the globe has made generous response. Exhibits of the- products of art, science and industry have been brought from the farthest corners of the earth and representatives of the human race from the happy Hottentot up. through the scale of civilization have collected, in Jackson park to make the great show that has just opened the most complete, the most magnificent the world has ever seen. The president's proclamation announcing government sponsorship for the fair was not, however, the inception of the enterprise. It followed several months after the congressional act committing the government to the woridls fair and locating it in Chicago, which was passed on February 25, 1890, and the subsequent act of April 25, 1890, prescribing what the fair was to-be. The Struggle for thoFrlze,. The battle for the location of the fair;, which finally resulted so overwhelmingly in. Chicago’s favor, was indeed a memorable one. In the struggle‘among the greatest citiesof the nation to secure the prize there were stingsand. disappointments which even now, at the opening of the big show, are not forgotten. The men of Chicago measured their strength: with the giants of. Gotham and other cities and won because they made the best showing and. had the best to offer. Who first expressed the idea, of holding a world’s fair in commemoration of, Columbus’ discovery?is a question hard to decide. A number of men claim that distinction. The movement that resulted in the locaXton of the fair in Chica*y>, however, began with the newspapers. a.s early as. June,. 1889, they tested the ssMiment of the members of congress, and in August made a formal bid. , Meanwhile mass meetings were held, a tempo- : rary organization was formed and. Chicago citizens went systematically to work to secure the i prjze. “Chicago” meetings were held all over thj northwest, and every one who co®ld help : bu/pre congress was pressed into service. There were many claimants- for- the exposition prize, but when, the Chicago, delegation went to Washington to fight the battle before congress they found that only three other cities were formidable rivals. These were New York, Washington and St. Louis,, and the fight soon became so hot that the latter two dropped out. The contest between Chicago and New York grew in fierceness until the battle was ended on February 25, 1890, when congress by o>int resolution located the fair in Chicago. , The act of April 25, which really authorize® ; the fair, provided for the establishment of a 'local corporation,, to be known as the ! World’s Cplumbian exposition, to prepare jsite and buildings, a World’s Columbian 1 commission, the representative body of the government, to be composed of two representatives atul alternates from each state-and territory of the union and the District of Columbia and eight commissioners at larg,® with, alternates, and a board of lady managers, made up like the commission, with the addition of nine members from the city of Chicago. On April 4, 1890, the.local corporation met and elected a board of forty-five directors. On April 3D> the board elected the officers, who served! for one year. The first president was Hon. Lyman J. Gage. There have been two presidents of the board since Mr. Gage—W. T. Baker ajftd H. N. Higlnbotham. the present presiding officer. Mr. Baker was elected for a second term, but resigned on August 5, 1891 The present officers of the board ore; President, H N. Higlnbothant: first vice president, F. W. Peck; second vice president, R. A.

Waller secretory, H. O. Edmonds: A. F. Seeberger; auditor, W. K. Askerman; attorney, W, K Carlisle. The National Commission. The members of the national commission, the government's representative- body, were appointed on May 26 and met for organization in Chicago on June 26. Ex-Senator Thomas W. Painter, who gave wp his post as minister to Spain to be one of the eight commissioners at large, was elected president, and John T. Dickinson was chosen secretory. The commission also elected the following gentlemen as vice presidents: Ex-Gov. T. M. Waller, of Connecticut; M. H. De Young, of California; David B. Pena, of Louisiana; Gorton W. Allen, of New York, and Alexander B. Andrews, of North Carolina. The Board of Lady The members of the board of lady managers were nominated by the members of the commission. President Palmer naming the Chicago nine, and were confirmed by President Harrison. They met for organization on November 20, 1890, and elected Mrs. Potter Palmer, of Chicago, president, and Miss Phoebe Couzins secretory. They also elected nine vice presidents, of whom Mrs. Ralph Trautmann, of New York, is first and Mrs. Russell B. Harrison ninth, or the vice president at large. The board of tody managers has done a grand work. They have guarded and promoted the interests of women at every point and have relied on the resources of women in all their undertakings wherever that was possible. The Workers Appointed. As soon after organization as the plans for the development of the exposition became clear to the local directory and the national commission they began to appoint technical and executive men to carry out the work. George K. Davis was chosen director general on September 18, 1890. by the national commission. D. H. Burnham afts made ehief of construction and J. W. Root consulting architect in the same month.

The Site Chosen. The selection of a site for the great buildings of the fair was the first great question for the board of directors after organization. Dozens of sites were offered or proposed, the two principal ones being the narrow lake front park and Jackson and Washington parks, of the south park system. The question was argued between those two for months, until it was finally decided in favor of Jackson park, with Midway Plaisance and Washington park added for the overflow. It was also decided to have one permanent building down town as a memorial of the exposition—the Fino Arts building, now nearly finished, on the lake front. This building is to be used for the meetings of the world’s congress auxiliary during the fair and will afterward pass into the hands of the Art institute trustees. The world’s fair gave 8209,000 toward its construction, the other 8500,000 being realized from subscriptions and the sale of the old Art institute building: The Dedication. Ground was broken for the first building at Jackson park, that of Mines and Mining, July 2, 1891. One of the most important epochs in the World's Columbian exposition was marked by the dedicatory exercises held in Chicago October 19, 20 and 21. The first day was devoted to a parade of United States troops at Washington park and to the inaugural reception at the Auditorium at which Vice President Morton was the guest of honor in President Harrison’s place, and which was attended by members of the cabinet, the supreme court, the diplomatic corps and the governors of the states. The second day was marked by a great civic parade in which 80,000 men were in line and a reception to the military. For the last day was reserved the assemblage of representatives from, almost every civilized nation on the face of the earth to witness the dedication of the buildings.

THE PRESIDENT STARTS THE MACHINERY.