Public Leger, Volume 4, Number 43, Richmond, Wayne County, 9 April 1828 — Page 1

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FRlfeNDLY TO THE BEST PURSUITS OF MAN. FR1KNDLY TO THOUGHT, TO FREEDOM, AND TO PEACE." CoTtper. RICHMOND, WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 9, 1323, M.l'ME : IV. No. Whole Number. 199.

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vn rr'H.iSHKD evkuy sat'.-rdav m ' psem case, u e shall no doubt have

r Virri K. VLLING. ; quoted upon us, the third section of the

1 . .11 V" - - "

prrifc'rat,Ofposi!c the Richmond Holt I.

fourth, and the whole of the sixth article.

i We hall be told that Congress has power

jI.ir am! fifty tents, for 5i nmil; rs, j.aiiJ j and regulations, respecting the Territory

"mur properiv oeiorging to the United

the

i3:."r'' r. Within the year, or ;

n... , ...ififtvcrnts afir the i-nrexpin ; ai-e. imu mose who contend lor

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. -r 1 t a am-arum s ." vj..., . ...-....-, ui uiumiUHX", una US appilCtl tviiibecuiisi.Wreda nov v ngcmei.t, at;;tjon in the present rase, will surely not ''"rtL,,,,,,,,!,,,,!. take the ground that its provisons were

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nt. Iir.NT IIJI ITlISfillfllle ill I 1.1

changed by the constitution ; for, if they t do, Ibev hae themselves n.t (trnnml i

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; ". '. ' I'i r i'i ;ue new amies, is sanctioned iy n 1 e , (i' Tl, ( l- Ki'it mill, in I rii.n -i , x . , . . Vv ',' i. t ..ft., v.i I.i! trtv , .r at Jon ! lh :.stitnt!o:u ou must admit that the ,. ,rV .r rr rwr.-v.i.o. " ..a b la t w it w a pop ulat ion ot CO 000, ' ! were entitled toadn.sion into the Union.

I'tvstvax, xvO' liiUTi, rnc,

T'l-l,

t . v.-i; ; t.-Mi o stiioriotiuti

It you say the ordinance was repealed

by the Constitution of the United States; I . A I... I. . ' . A' !.'

; vu n'?c uk oeiM'tii i r pronibiuons a

j uiist !fie new States, ar.d if you admit

r.ir.iv- that the ordinance with iis guaranties

s ' ; t " ' P ( . 4 I ' 'U I'll. ..l'4J

trio ordinance

pi7:T, we siiall sre on t!e face of it, that :ntvtrwa- i. tooct!. in the u. nt na-s :.:..J. . .. ... I ; . . t. . . il...

S:.:cs v.hen h itnt-ii; tor Mnt. tl iis prov,; r .I:. mti:elv i:a o:5?i?!:nt with cc ;v lie i oi St tic ( Jowri.rnciil ; and in that v;-:?. tl'ev a.'3 contradictory to one a not'.

I. a:- nvin r. l.cve, l.iai or.ii1 r, cul i u-Mrant . on a particular ( t"c ad:;'--ioa of t J ? St.ite into " x ; , o ; ; a i j ail footin : with tho

.i r. all it .-pt i l- vv!, ito s. : t- e intention l "Conures !. p?ojv :tv of tiu ril, w !ii o !.'. uri 'in.il ttalti Ltloni d io

v an equal footing with the original States. The ordinance', said Mr. H., i? in many ; of its prr.iitais, a rompact f elwt ' n the otiuinal State-; and t!o people and Statc ia tho Ti riiton. It contain engaue- ; ni"!!ts ..f !f,tt.' parties, and the si:;th artii le : of tin: Cont;tuiion derlaie?. that ail 'enie. meat? ei u rt "I into before the adoptnat of tni Coi.titutiori, !iall be valid.

i ;ie cr.ii; .a uce

land a I'd r to the new States, af-

json to complain. Aiid are we to be told, now, that although the idea of State sove i reignty and equality, as well as the stipuI lations of the ordinance, would have given ' us, without the compact, the soil of our j country, we are to be deprived of that first j attribute of sovereignty, by the conditions : proposed, when we ask permission of Conigress to form forVuirselves a constitution

state government? Indiana was the next state admitted into the Union. She had, before she applied Uh t ough her delegates for admission a population of more than 00,000. She had a right to demand admission, under the ordinance of '87. Following however, the j examples of others, under circumstances less favorable than her own, instead of forming a constitution, and demanding immediate admission into the Union, she j pro ured the passage of a similar law, authorizing her to form a constitution and

state government, on the same conditions, ! giving up the right of soil and taxation to jthe Federal government. The compacts themselves, admit the rights of the Stales I to the public Inrii!:? for they stipulate con

dition?. The cc pr.ct not to tax, implies jthe right,of taiin-cn the. part of the new i st iles, unrestricted by ths compact. The I en:.. pact not to interfere '7ith the primary Idi; :al cf the soil, implies the richt to

t oriti m:.! ti d the nubhr int... re. unrestricted hv the comDact.

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!'on of C0 provided for tie

iv.'.of (o.le lernli rv into elate.; ".- i ilint, hen a)eii tied the ,

i!:;- -ante i iht- oertML'nt !

m i irai penib'iu e, as ti e ol!n I I ! o ordiiia- ri! o iiied the , !- r t th" ii;?trici, and u-cojiniZ' d e iU'.-". ' : w e then admnioit ii.to1 llae then the .ilit sev.r- !

a l; itch

But the exercise of this power by Congress, is contrary to the spirit of the Constitution, which aspires to national objects, unlike that under consideration; national concerns, such as the states are incompetent to legislate upon. The interests submitted to the federal government, are those of peace and of war, of the arm), the navy, the commerce, and the foreign relations of the country, and of such system of finance as may be found necessary to give active energy to these gr at interests. One of the principal d tliculties in the formation of this government, was, to designate the boundary betwixt it and the' states; and it seems to have bee:, the can? of its framers, to avoid, as much a; possible, municipal legislation.; the regulation of local and domestic concerns, it seems to have been intended that the federal r;."vernment should not be engaged in that

jwhich the states were competent to do.

Now, sir test the present cafe, by an of these rules, and we must come to the conclusion, that with this matter the federal Government has nothing tod -Tho public lands create a field ofmunieinai legislation, inconsistent with its general purposes, and the evident intention of Us trainers. And if ia any degree correct in this view, ti e compacts me unwarranted by the constitution; and if so. are not binding on the States. The federal government had, in his o-

ptnion no constitutional power to hold lands within the limits of the states, except for the purpose designated by the constitution; such as forts, arsenals, dor k yards,and ott er needful buildings; and j to enable Congress to hold lands, even lor j these purposes, the consent of the legis- ! lat.ires of the states was dec l-vred to be neecssary, by the express language rd Ibe Constitution. In a question of such vital

etc powers ; importance to the new states, it would

surely not he thought unreasonable that they should scrufn iz the i.owt r which

(of u.i:i- c tue e.;.4.;a: . e oi lo. i he) 'States ar now contending with this Uo-1 takes from them the oublic lands within

,v"r" h! cr., Vision i f that day, r.nd the ;i emrr.en:,on U rms erv unequal. They j their limits, impair? their sovereignty, nnd or Hm.uk v cannot be construed in violiti-on j, are Utile less than vr.sa!s and tributaries jl deprives them of equality with the originof ti.cm. The iv.' ai.i: : of tin- ordinance. . to the power of this union, and the) have a staic?. h woul.1 be at least some con-

-eir.par-d m:U this aiticle, Jjcrcrrits per- t!I the for c of the compacts ng.iir.st tnem. h eolation to know that the power which lecth .bar. ,' Hut I car. n it 1 wi'.! not believe, that this j! prostrated them at the feet of the Uidon

r tlo'ir avniiion into the !

ion ;

on th

iaerc i? one authtil)

aliif h. if" .ill . I'a'

cotu iu-;ve. It is toe ninth article

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jbj. ct.

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tfe

-'at - ; ;.i. a d 'he o; -1 d..noe . i ; m

!f the right of genera! government, in these

respects, had be en clear on constitutionnl

rounds, or on well established principles

wvic r. anting, U, :t If !i wes!;ould have had no compacts, no bar-

f the i: irdn nhout it. Congress did not ask the

St;:os to enter into compacts, not to declare war. not to make treaties, not to :.an! letter, . r maiajie and reprisal, or !; ep tie : - .! -hip cf war in lime of pe.-;ce. A . !;y? Becaase the constitu

:on '-"!:. ,i : uy prohibits tti

of th- slab s. Sir, it must h? admitted, thai the new

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con fed . i v: v made for the n; v

einmeit T 1 1 i f i :t d S t' . at d for ;lo

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them allied in

fntun

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tho ; ; 1 1 1 c I . Tiiey wetf '

adiiiH?io;t winti.( sir the union of the st'-tcs wa tlu nrand : consideiation, is to nr. -.vent t!.t iustif'

i e tt).0(KJtiee ini.aoi olii, i (. . r : i r f 1 1 - in I'm i ih! .J ,.fi .,a, ivf.irli : I '1 rit h ai t rl li::Vf br.Tt it.tnr

? ! u'-ive lhe:n ai.othc Hgl t i th4. tf-i ritcrt.il lan d. T.he articiei vfar.- l I hi liete th.it, ns soon as it shall atmear

1 e'derii ton iwid pr'.vi.!d ,thal no Slates that the condition of the new states, in re? douh! he (opi i mI vi te; i it. ry for 1 1 e ben- erenoc to the public lands, is one of abject

lit ot the' United States. that Conros ;' anrl hnn.ijiaf in dependence, incorsUt n? bMtld not esumc the or.nerhlj) cf the! with f!e ir rigb.ls of sovereignty and equal oj in the slates. With thi, roanv state... itv; ir consistent with the spirit of the ron were disatisf;ed, and he;tated about j slitetion, ind their character as states, j-iiitii.g the Union. '' r:trcdy tliis. the: th;:t ibe preposition now before the Sen ccion- pn.viiled tlnit i.o ptalc out of the ' ate will instantly prevail.

: ; in

1 :. r themselves peru.anent . r ;: - and Sti'.e coveinmenls. i'eiie; J .TsSt.tt.-s before the have p-ir. - r : k-Jeraey, ttie ( 'oi.g!e ot l'T "i" t rr. n r to restrain them pr vi.o ' : r ' . 1 -1 1 ir '!e L itien, f ioni tfie pi-C.O'-d of i!;,. K-.il.' This p r-

''. ,ule.u ewrr patriot was

;..M'Ue i. u lor the Habililv at (1 , .f..,W;irv. -Arnold n;n f ir:r.;ite i:i the!

' i j'ui'in , a aiuauu: pr "r- It be hi . at inducemciils strong iV t

pi o;.( -jds of t!ore land-: an I t!a ordinance ! The public land should he ceded to the further nr.id- d, ';.! the. new states re- ;; states in which they lie, because their prrs-

4 , ?- ' " ,,rn' , !alrs lo become j" frising to join the Union, should not only , ent condition is not warranted by the j;-ct tn- o.nfederacy, and whoe-'. be et imied bom all nartit irn.tion in the i letter of the Constitution of the feder

piereeds of toe teirao;:;:! lands within !! al govei nment. The Government of the

' O.v exandnc the ordinance

'tin it, the LeeMaturr of;! thc;, :mi but that tiicv should be pro-it Union is one of limited and specific now

no n.au jomei! ine conieUr-; hihji, rnfll intei I. ring with the primary ! crs.

6) P ':u rc;;,'1 admission. ;; befre the adcption ot the c '''l ,v r ?, . "?mail1 S,at'S a3 th-i' shall be as valid against the Uni i:.-.''':M"'!1,,Wl,$ uuarantied them. It under the contituioh as unde

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liainr foimcdj "iiarantv, that the new staleefhall be re

hip -',,!,VrI,,',i her Irisl itiv ! reived into the Union on an equal footing v.e. . . ' ": m u ' as s was in er jj m!i liit? original states, ill all respects

Hh .teier; that they shall enjoy the same lights of ;.veregnty and independence witti the old states; we are told, that the sovereignly of the States are tub niodo

dilional; that if one condition may be

'i. ' i'j-'y. and intb'teiidenrr. v ,,1'i-uic d..m:ii,w jt m;. a,S ,:l,4::,lT,, fni;'"!'. tbardiih

'f.v.'rir ' Ul itlly kuU'nl the ' fij (;.''" U" :"!"diion, mote than 1 V O . v . . I V

.r. ii. that tb.

tOil

attacked anrlher may, and that whatever

! udr political rights would have been, if ' we have i.eei made the compact?, wc

! rtt d to. i r ,,,!! tnaitne-w abide by them, and haxe co rca

It was framed with a cautious jeal-

dipo.-. of the soil within Ha ir limits. : ousy of its encroachment upon the SUtes

Ai a farther indm ement to the new stales atid with the view ot transferring from

tojoin the confederacy, the ordinance slip- j them, and to it, -no powers which they ul it. il that thev should he admitted into j could cxerci-c; t:o powers except those

which were in their character national, and necessary for national purposes. Its powers are carefully enumerated and specified, and so jealous were its framers, thai after every specification contained, it is expressly inhibited ihe exercise of any powers, c xcept those delegated to ilscll, or prohibited to the States.

j We shall search in vain for any clause I in the constitution, w hich prohibits to the j States the exercise of any power connect-: ! cd with the public lands, and in all the oI rigin.il States, this power has always been j exercised by the states. We shall search ! in vain for any clause in the constitution j which authorizes a control over the prin

cipal object of sovereignty in the states, their public binds. This power is not

! delegated to the Federal government. It

cannot be appended to the word territory, in the 4th article of the Constitution, for territory in our Constitution, our laws, and our history, signifies a region of country without he limits of the State, in and over which a territorial government is established. We say the territory north west of the Ohio river, the territory of Indiana; the territory of Michigan; but when we speak of the. public lands, we say the public lands in these territories. The public lands in the States. The one term signifies a political division of the country. The other is n term by vybich we designate property.

' nly, were prohibited in

J- ill. tin- jrrary disposal of Ihe i( ; i. i the riejit to d'-nnnd ;.! wu a r.: p:b!;en cf 00.000. aid'

,' "J ;:,! l,4,ioJ I mmanent Coes'i ,; the Union with a population of C0.000, on

f-i,., - . .i i - u 1 1 iooii nil tin int. ui k nidi oi.in:!.. ''lintnM.uirfilw,;. .a;!- . . - . . . .....

i Hi-iui n .iixi: m an reopens wnaiever; ana lac consinuS'TOfl ,ril k'.-k ... . . . C . ! .. .. .. I".

r!f ( 1 "'-" vu !' x i i, in iiMciiiiiH i; or i no same nmt ,iuu-

fV-. 7 " rigu ni Elates, ,aeo'i vnles that all onu aceoenU entered into

onstitutiou,

nited Slates

der the con-

y romp.nrison w ith th j federation. So that i!ie articles ofconted-

. a i M li'n . .. 1 t . . ' a- .i . - a' - . .1 I :

7, ;, . .. --.v. ..... ..M.n injii to e cration, tue acis or ce-ion, me oruiiiHru c . ri .j,0 ,s whatever. This o - of and the conslihinou, form a perfect

(, .f " ' l orlhis opinion the , IM moni)iis char oi policy, the grand . fier, cont.r.ded, in Ihe ques-i: object of which was the union and equal-

"" in i n li.iiiiri in. hv oi ine oiat. 'nri. UiM.nl .... .. . Ti i . :c.. tl

; t, . . i v j uni t:.ii, j ik "i. oil. I i. s'uem, ii i .in euiivii in ,-' V' ' f'x,,'ic's frotn the ibis view, it will be asked, by what means i; '.'! (; 'U Vt'bim'-s of whih have the new states been deprived of their s ,;. U- (' "dur ? .... r'jK. ore a-j equality; of the Mi;ht of doniaint I am ; , ' ( ,'!' ' 1 ' M ", ''O !', j xk, aware, aid Mr. H. of the answer to ,J ,; : . ''v ' ' r "'td would he; be expctcl heic. Here the compacts ..:!'" v endl for j made with the new states, are thrown in

ruh-n lt. f,,r tlf. Mi. j Our front. Here, notwithstandirg the

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I'ih.N.

pro:

vhich assigned them a level lower than tieat of the orici a! States, was based upon the Constitution. It is perhaps, by all writers or stn h sub-

Jjects taken as an axiom, that 'the rub!ic

domain is tie- frst grand ofjevl o! sovereignty in every independent state. In proof of this proposition, I sh ili refer tiie Senate to some authorities. V ttel. pago 1G5. says that "the gener-l domain of tho nation over the lauds it inhabits, i naturally connected with the empire; for establishing itself in vacant country, the nation certainly did not pretend to have the least dependence there on nnv other power; nnd how should an independent nation avoid having authority at l me.? How should it govern itself a its pleasure, in the country it inhabit", if il cannot truly and absolutely dispose of it? And bow should it have the full and absolute domain of the place in which it has no command? Another's sovereignty and the

right it comprehends, must take away its freedom of disposal." I will said Mr. H. trouble the Senate with but one otticr quotation from tjia author. It is to be found in page 165 and is as follows: 'What is called the high domain, which is nothing but the domain of the body cf the nation, or of the sovereign who represents il, is every where considered as in. separable from the sovereignty.''7 The authority of Vetal is very pcitive. He lays it down as a proposition inc:.:.overlihle, that the right cf disposing t J tho. soil, the right of high domain, is inseparable from the sovereignty. Loolx too, at the decisions of tha Supreme court; and surely this authority will be considered in point. In the cose of Fletcher against Peck, 6, Cranch, 120. Judge Marshall, in delivering tho opinion of the court, says, "That the Legislature of Georgia, unlesa restrained by its own constitution, possesses ihe power of disposing of tha unappropriated lands within its limits, in such manner us its oon judgment shall cTiclr.ta, is n preposition net to be controverted? And in the caxe of Martin nsir.st Hunter, 1 Wheatcn,324 "The covcrei-n powers vested in the State rjovernr: " t;t, by their respective? ccr.3titatic::rt unaltered end unimpaired, c:I?cpt to far n they are crcr.trJ to its z z:: ::t cf the U. Ht-t-V - ..

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