Public Leger, Volume 4, Number 41, Richmond, Wayne County, 26 March 1828 — Page 1

5: i: i i . 4 FRIENDLY TO THE IJEST PURSUITS Of HAS. flUENDLY TO THOUGHT, TO FREEDOM, AND TO PEACE." Coicper. ms IV. No. IK RICHMOND, WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA, WEDNESDAY. MARCH 2, 023. Veols -'unBFa. 197. 'j t t

SATURDAY BY

Urm ANH ri-lil.lSHFD EVERY

j" sAMUi-L 1$. WALLING. ' y. yi!'jt!, o:pe?i!r the Kick mow! Hotel. !0;,i,?;;u.inJ lift j cents, for ol numbers, paid

FIRST SESSION.

I,;."; iV.liars "it- in thr yrnr; or ! ,:l.ir- aitvl lift out, :tl tT tlto e;i nrn'artiircs nd notify

l lie m .ii rs'ii r, , . . , n I r I

' ...... . ,,r;.1,r,1!T :mi notify a hit.i.- i 'e i -uian department : to which hill

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.... , ;ii ! c con-i i' . i u iiiuic u.iu, on me previous uay, ! -non oi 'tiie publish t jj moved the followir c amendment: iT-a rs 1 I or enabling the President of the U. S. M)Vi;RTieKMi:NT! Mo extinguish the title of the Cherokee In -tfv:er.?injMMconi,tu-s. v !J ,ir,.eru! tltrrc j,dians to any lands in the State of Georgia, r 'ijrJf Lra:iv;:::;:::1;;r u! ! - - done upon ..m. a,,d ' ; ;fli, 1;. -reasonable terms,' and for aiding the said v' r w' " , Chorokees, and such otiier Indians as may

J HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Thursday, February 1 9. j The House being in committee "of the .wh.de on the bill makiner nnnronrin! im

i hi so disposed to emigrate to places West

"ilMnkmo .cr.p.,,.,, if ,!.. - ! 0t Xw M'IMWppi, 50,000 dollar."

1 u e t m t i u. i ' i x .i in i . i or ill

r bruu ms i!ie.

. . TKuAAV PAKTEKRI

A M ;;;; m.ig.izisl:. 1 i f l i ' IT 1" ' ! 1 j. L. lcmont.

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I urate to a country wot of the Mississippi. 1 Upon the introduction of this resolution, j the gentleman from Florida, Mr. White, , and ihe gentleman from Georgia, Mr. ' llnwies each proposed amendments to I the resolution; which were, adopted. I j then ofiTeicd further to amend the resclu-

i tiot;. hy inserting the name of th? niarr.U

and 4 otatvntamie Indians; the gentleman from Mis. issippi objected to the amend

ment, and earnestly requested mat nis resolution should not be embarrassed, but that it should be considered upon its own merits. The gentleman 'then, a? nou, seemed to consider the claim3 of Mississippi as paramount to tho?e of every other State. In accordance, however, with his tri-hea I withdrew the propoad amendrwent, knowing that the fame question would be presented to the consideration of the committee, by a general resolution; and the resolution of the gentleman went to the Committee on Indian affairs, and that committee, ns one of its first acts considered the resolution, at;d reported a bill in favor of h.3 proposition, which was the first bill that was reported from the ccm m'.ttee. This, sir. was long before the c limateswore sent from the war department which were incorporated in the ppjopr: !.tai bill. What r.rui.d. then, let ask.

n the general appropriation bill. I did jj the ffoiitleman, of complaint i.Kaiie.t

a Win. Wrichtf inre, Milion; ;! Arid the question immediately before

). -V u : rt; Tel. Ko. - .mil. i.. Utn-n j ; the Ccmmitt-e being on a motion of Mr.

j Vods,ol Olito, to amend Mr. McDufiVs j amendment, by striking out from it thse

w.ods: 4kAnd for aiding the said Chero

ees, and "tich other Indians as may be so

n;or!:cTUt. v !tkly r n:rt.

f ,; r. litu. .;. l.c cilhd ili-eo-ed. to emigrate to nlaees Vest of

ri i i .i 1

j, me .uisstssippi" j Mr. SMITH, of Indiana, ro-e and said, j. he Iud not expected that the cjuestion iu l befoc th- committee of the whole, for our I consideration, would have been discussed

believe, hir, that this question would have

the comn.ittce on Indian :lTaii ? But thi'

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,tr.

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n. cr. M.iim.tted mote property to the con- jf ja ys ijack amongst the orders ef he

'"""" im '' rtfpor- dav.and mai never be taken up, sas the

0 gentleman. Supposing all this to be troe does it furnish to the gentleman a just cause of complaint against the t emr.tttec on Indian nil'urs? Is that cominiMee ac co;u t :lle Ibr the movements of thir ilodse? Can it control the Vu-i e?softhc Ho'M a t t ; t k t up a hill out of it regular ' ; I pr some the gei.th-mai-rimelf u ; !..t contend for such r.b-ui-

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ted on tbi subject ty the committee on hu'ian .iltir-. which bill is otc mpAliieu a rpeeial report tr m that Committee. H-f. iii . the Hotie has detrimiuf d otherv The coramittee of ways and mean !if reported, n one item in the appropriation hill, the sum oi hfteen thousand dol

I ns, f.-r the purptse uf aidi;-g in the ren o j val e.f the Cneivl.ee.-. and iu !i other In !

!ia as may he !:po4 il to i uogia'tMo a j; pities. i ... !.,-,r, I dipmifs the complaint-

e !ion oi ceiuury weit ot the tliisippi, Ji ,,f tH. j.m, wiih thi ad v ire to 1. m.

mitt e J

ion Irrir

to nae '

- on in i iti.if me comiiiim e nas ac- t

ted inroi icctlv. 4

Sir, I consider the question now before

c:ion oi teiiiury weii oi ine tusisippi, i )(f ,,u. Ulil. lt iI1. , wiih thi advie uithaviru to ll.eir p.-niiatient location I- t ht. ,ttto r,;ir;!t.s a r, h.rovcr. Thin appiopnation,t!ie nmei.d J! thj. 1n, nUri:, with a depdicti u.r tolfend b the gentb man from Ohio ,ot. lir. wij tatvC i :nc ;,t ,.,l!it Mr. U o.nU propo.es to strike s..,.:,, Cidci.i that the commith t

dren of tliefcrcct; yet thry oere in a decree, prosperous, anO, to c'A appearances, hr.ppy; ibzj aerc of cc:::titutious, uhich putut OeHr.r.ce tho ciaulta ofccld, hunger, Cir;t, ar.J fatigue. Tho vater frdn the fountains ua their only drink, and ths ccrr.nr.cn diseases uhicti nzz no7 saecpin a any this wretched people, as with the breath of a pestilence, were then unknoun to theni; the causes which produce tbccCcct notr, had not reac hed them then. I allude cir, in part, to the introduction of epriluous liquors amongst them, by their whits neighbors, of which, most unfortunately for them, they are impassionately focd. Sir, cuch vycre these people when we first Iraerr them; what are they now! ft dc?f seem, that, from the time of the first settling of our forcfather-5 at Jamestown, and nt Plymouth, the lands of the Indians had been considered as a lawful co; quest. A war of extermination from that -ime, or a s ot after a the whites mpposed that (!iey had acquired sufficient strength to maintain their conquests, was waged against the aboriginal inhabiiani of tho countrv ; a' I it islut a cry sltoit timr? since, that v have -iayeu ; sv . rJ of Icjs da ion. We ' ve :en t-r. i: ::rst .mverful natiotss dwindle down tc p r vaa.ferinc uibcs,:.nd tlo ir grat i ii n duccd t' bcgtiar:y chief Wo have s..o:i them dnven by .;e whites, fj osn U r-r to river, from S'ate to State, from : ill to I. ill, from mountain to rnou; lain, and trrni for

est to fire?t : the tide of white

c filler a-

I lei. e - ir. as t at hen t o r r. e 1 1 v leinai Ued i

' t':e h n. hau aeau of the committee

of!

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,( M-. MrDulHe t!:e Mih- the committer a; one of m m-ntous imiM r

j .Mi 1 K hefarolhc committee at this i: tUCc; a j, t,fjtn o, tarn e to the characlei time; and I aJn.it that it can be id oi j nf i;.,ilcd Stales, and of muc h crentn

h'tie impoit.ini e h. He . ommiUee, j! iCMpo: l;4ice to that most unlortunate and j' what tine tm queMicn h met, dlM US4d.i' w., Irlf j,r( people, that the futun policy ( a ;! SeK.iSy decided. The Cliair has ri '! .J;e ,0Ver mn. hi relation t them, should !!

n.aik.M, th.it tneq.icstion on the amend- WiU-r. wjtM justice, humanity, and a men! d-.es not i! vnbo or tmhrcc the ;p f ,n-ig:animit v of puipose that will atone, a, propriatiiM! to e. mpU itli the rontiaeton j. f;u-7i po-?.h!e, f,,r the great injustice which the nil I of lie U. States, with the Chen - 1 ... ... .., r. it,.,. Wo :n.:i..t rnlnrr

' 'I'll

v. i ! . 1 1

the pail ot lee U. t:tate, wilh the t hen

kee 1 el.at , under the late treaty u:tit

! i- lit- that nation; and upon this intimation, the

' 'j :ith tnan from Alabama. Mr. Owenjde-

the (joes

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vilh :-a.a!,', i w .'. ;i !i ill. i:.i ra. V

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cimr i Hit" a''V ri' m i k on

ti in before the committee.

tor my own ; (iu c uar j, inL.r ,Kdiev.

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rail, mi. i iiui nui ui'Mi)cu lUiiiMnuuii .-

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dfa.nsion of the question before us, be. cau-e t te Cherokee Indians are not inclu ded in terms as I consider the amendment . 111... ..... it. ....... Irmn I ll.i. nil lit llur

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. :,i .,,tUj n, u i l ia hum- i( the w hde gpaind, and as bringing up foi di'cusMon and consideration, Hie p.st, the t v.n.ai.t. r. w:!!Lc c::o, i" r nresei,t and the future policy of this gov-

. ernment, in relation to this unfortunate

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we Nave done tnem. t e cannoi reiran

ourstep?; we cannot ain-ct the past; wc cannot ieuscitate or hiing toli.'e the thou sands of thn miserable peepl", wlio have wasted awav and perished under the tn-

I5ut, sir,

I we may, and 1 do most sincerely hope we

;i s

' noople. Sir, this amendment submits to

' " ot:i.. i; ,:! r:.y fhe re.,rt.gciitatics of the people,

K. H. IIVA uhl)s. I, th in-ponani consiucramm, wneuier tr il will continue the sunn destructive poliy

a!cr work, rireiw it M ivhich lias heretofore been pursued by the

fi Utiited States, or wbcthor a more liberal

' 4.

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"AKEHOrs.E.

will, profit by the past experience of the

nation, in the policy which ha been pursued, and in our futurt b'isl itiin en this su j'ct, carefully avoid that course of pel icy which has produced such din- effects. Sir. I do not address the committee in mv place, exclusively as the advocate of the Indians; hut I wish to be understood as being the advocate of a just, humane, k. magnanimous course towards them, on the part of this Government. No, sir, they have no representative on this floor; they most rely for justice on the philanthropy and humanity of the representatives of that people, who have reduced them to their present wretched situation, and, sir, I feel well satNied that this Committee will not turn a deaf ear to their complaints. Sir, in order to determine the questions

correctly, which arise on this amendment.

i and humane policy shall be adopted in re

lation to this people. j Before I enter upon the discussion of the

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I mcuGmctiT, 1 lee i il io ue mv ouiy, os .i , ui ( 11 " r,:,f' T31 r.a.n- ! f ft... mmmillr-n .n.L ili:m :ifl";iir I

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:.! ;:,...,r ; ir, fi.n.et,, H to take some notice ol the complaints nnu . ,t ig important for us to decide, whether ii v r t !.. .t ir T l t' i",,.... r ! : : 1 1... nrnllmiioii Imm At k- I I.t . . . : . . i i. f 1 : : .. .... 1. t

" i.i itii- i, I'onKiniiuiir vi tin ttinii.iipii MX... i p (uhi ii (i inr iiitinnis is mii.ii na iu

I'll, iiikH'v (if m w i i't. A" ' r t .1 a,. ..r.n,l..iilin .il . .i . r ii ...

. , ., - ... , api, iiir. xiauej .ii:iii3v iug a require ine inierposiiion or ine Eiroric arm

M. ! M.,1.'- :w,i! if III nnr ' 11 Cll I If-III" II """b"' I" vl'-' U lilC tlllUCU OlillCS III lllCII l'i;ililll, (MIU

whether the United Slates are under any obligation of justice, humanity, morality, or reJign.n. to alFerd the relief necessary to prevent the total extinction of this people. Sir. let me examine for a moment and see who these Indians now are, and who they once were. Great, very great," have been the vicissitude! in life, which they have been doomed to 3perience. We cannot shut our eyes against the fact sir. We found them the lawful occupiers cf this vast extent of territory, now circumscribed by the boundaries of thj United States. We found them the lords of the god; we found them a great and n powerful nation, or rather a number of nations iu the rude state. As individuals,

j it is true, they ucrc? emhnticwlly tho"chih

I i. ir.it nt s. Ah. i uie, ' : er iii 'crmluai; I'niifn

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- wiil ho in.rur. a resolution referred to the Commutes oy

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charce the committee on Indian atlaiis, vith having clone him greut ji.jutice, in

i m iftnnr in cvhicli the have diSDOSCU ol

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How'. -ini(h, I that eentleman. I deem it to be only nc-

,Vu ,r,r. ' :,t .c"u","V;,t'' !' res-arv, in order most triumphantly to r- ; 1 i....!rv u.si pi.a.i 4- futethe charge of n justice, o liberal!)

u eoi.-.c-mmslv, u Unit ttn ii bestowed upon the c iiimmee uy mai gen-

llcman, to maue a unci mhu licih -facts relative to the getl- in.u.'s resolution ! aad the procccdi gs had upon it. It will

be recollected hy the comalUC mai, " very early peiiod of the ression, the genltemanfiomMssi8;pP i dnuluced n reso lution. requli og the i.ommittep of India affairs to inquire into the expediency of making an nj f 'rp.aation, to enah'e the Chickasaw nnd Choctaw Indians to mi

en !..

O. il. WHI.S. :;o'o

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l'!' CARDS,

k:fllth reachable

. aiortest notice.

tion stiil Mowing wc t, a d slill pre !-g close upiii. them; aid if we continue im; present p- liry, the time canr.ct he veiy far distant, when the last soiiad i f tie- Ir diaa must di- on the Icihc. I atn aware, sir, that it is contended by writers of cefchriiv t!nt a country, inhabited as this wa, belongs to the nation who happen- to discover it, and that it is a lawful fruhj.ct for conquest. I)ut, sir, I cannoi subrcribe . to this doctrine, to such an cxtc?'i. It is founded o a a principle, maintained by arbitrarv Govcrnin' nts alone, that pow er give right. Sir, if my neighbor beii g the owner of a farm, is not as gord a husbandman as I am, if he Jets his farm grow up wilh weeds, briars, and thorns, or even refuses to cut ollfthe timbei, shall I berauso I have the power, to drive him from ti e possession of hi premises, a;;d take potsion my self, under the pretext that tie did not cultivate I is land as it ought to be cultivated? I know that, in some instances, formerly and many instances of latter year?, you have pretended to hold treaties with them, and to acquire their lands by contract; but sir, how has this been done? Jt has leen done, nine times out of ten, bv bribing their chief, and not unfrt qm.ntly with arms in your hands. Whatliind of a contract is this when concluded? It is such a one a ought not to be binding on the party thus imposed upon. You had better. yes, ten thousand times belter resort to the law of conquest; f r, in that case, you could plead' the cu.-k m of rations as an apology tor y our wiongs. Your treatic have been not unfrequcrtly held immediately afu rthe most bloody and destructive war to the Indians had terminated in favor ofyour arms, and as a consideration for the injuries they had done you. Wilh arms in your hand-, you take tbeir lands, and restore to thtia pence; and they iclrcat further icto the wilderness, and arc at rest, until the eyes ofyour avarice have again counted the af res of land which they occupy, and added them to the countless acre which vou had previously taken from them. Then tx new tioaty i held, and they are again dispossessed. Bur, as an txcuse for your conduct towards them, il is said, that, in some instances, they bad inhumanly murdered some of the whites. This is no doubt true; but annoi we find ssmo little excuse for them, although wc ore not prepared to justify thf m in the fact, that they have been generally defending their homes the country that contained the bene of their fathers, ond in chich they found, at nil times, an old associate in every spring in every runninc stream, ;:nd even in c. veiy silent trc3 that stood near the wigwag or trvi Ihug path. Who would nor have disputed the occupancy of n country crjdcr such circumstances, tvith r.nv c! ri -intruder? 7 " Sir, it U true, that yen have, by en-? of your treaties, stipulated to pay, end tJ.r.: you. actually have paid to. the ddcic::!

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