Public Leger, Volume 3, Number 152, Richmond, Wayne County, 28 April 1827 — Page 2

INSOLVENT LAWS. How far the separate states retain power to enact insolvent laws, discharging the debtor from subsequent liability, has been a matter of doubt for several years. We are informed that this question has been linallv decided by the Supreme Court of file United States, at their last session. Bat from what I can learn of the decision, it partakes more of the character of legislation than adjudication. The result Seems to be that such a law may be valid as to some persons, and in some couits,and invalid as to other persons, and in other courts. As thus if the Legislature of Ohio en net a law providing generally, that persons unable to pay their debts, in the state may, by surrendering nil their property, and conforming to prescribed regulations, he discharged from future liahilit) ; and after the enactment ofthis law, two eiti iens of 0'iio make contracts, and the ore becomes unable to pay the other, and sui be brought in the state court of Oi i discharge under the Ohio law would e valid.

B'lt if after the. enactment of the law. a citizen of Ohio niike a contract in the state of Ohio with a citizen of Kentucky, .jnd the citizen of Ohio becomes unable to p ;v. a discharge under the Ohto law is not vai l, unless the suit be brought in the state court of Ohio. And. in either case, if the creditor becomes a citizen of anott

: thtn!r c?e have arrived, 7C exhibit a tingutar anomaly on the subject of bankruptcies. The constitution empowers the national legislature to provide one general rule. But this power the national legislature refuses to exercise. And the national judiciary decided that tho fact of the constitution conferring this power on the national legislature, divests it out of the states. This is a practical application of the fable of the dog in the manger, who would neither eat the hay nor permit the ox to e it it. The national government will neither enact a bankrupt law, nor permit the states to enact them. And thus the citizens are deprived of a law which the constitution has expressly provided for. Byway of set off, I suppose, these scrupulous politicians, who 611 the departments of the national government, have given us some enactments and some

decisions, which many think the constitution does not authorise. Thus the balance is kept somewhat equal, and the machine preserved in operation. Cincinnati Gazette

so

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IMPORTANT FROM COLOMBIA. By the schooner lliz Piggot, Davis, arrived at Philadelphia, Mr. Sanderson, cf

i the Coffee House, has received a letter j dated Liguira, March 13, of which the j following is an extract.

lI enclose you the first copy of the Lira'

a new paper, which it is intended to put)

hsh at Caracas

ry unentitled to fcr my real in fco cas AfU.;. tVith such sentuner.. I r

inin and again, the Prcsider.c)

of the Republic. Congre:? r.r.d tho nation must receive the abdication as irrevocable. Nothing will be abb to cblic rr.s to

continue in the public service, to y?icn i . I" MA Ant I m III'.

have already aeuicaieu wj , w Anil nnn that the triumph of liberty Dr.

placed this sublime right within the enjoyment of every one, shall I alone be depri

ved of it? No: The Congress and the

Colombian people are just; they alll not

mrwii mp trt an ignominious desertion.

Few aie the days which now remain to me more than two "thirds of my existence has already passed; let me, therefore, be per mitted to await a peaceful death in the

obscure and silent retreat of my paternal residence. My sword and my heart will, nevertheless, be always with Colom-

: hia, and my last sighs will ascend to Heav

en in prayers lor her ccnunueu prcspsiiJ pray, therefore, Congress and my fellow citizens, to confer on me the title of a . . . i i

private citizen. Uod guara your excel

lency. SIMON BOLIVAR.

n al Caracas. ion will theiein litul

or -tato, so as to sue in the federal court, !; xU,,t (j)e Grand American Federation is

that court cannot hold the discharge spoken of. B divar's resignation is also ligitor'. j-therein. i resignation U tmnrn-fr in

I cannot conceive the course of reason ing by which the minds of cnincrt jurist,

are brought to this kind of rof elusion. !i

nave the way to place himself a step high- - r, as there is little doubt that four months -II j 1 ilk

.... iv i... ...v. win noi ej ipse, e lore there win he a uWiatcver it may be, I feel confident i ' ;iion of Peru, Columbia and Bolivia, and

can never carry conviction to rm mind. A ! B divar anpointt-d president fnrlifa."

niaue ln un,' a.:id MK u "r" 11 iabdicatiox of the unEiuirnn. '

U i it matters not in w fiat tnluna". noi it (l r ., , . n. . . i Head (Jlmhtps. ( , r r as. ! G. 1 IY27. : to

v.-iere the parties mrjv resice. rr.usl re g--;i . . . ,7 A ... . i . . .rt, . ... I i his exc I enrv the President of the-hon-

!

I

hiel

tir-nof the law nrj ie the same between nil pnrlif s and in all courts. It must be alike invalid, or alike oi-linaton.

w ih to detract i. tithing from the

rc p:itatuv!i ol the pidg s ol the

i

i-iinif . I 1 1 r :ic miMi tr n I . iv v t rc I m 11 c

lion ver he permitted to express my opir.i -.!-.. that tie h i rut. i to s me veiv

. . - r.. , , , , s am oi oiucc as rresmeni oi uo rei)unuc. mix u -. oi political exredtencx , uhirti , . . A, . . . , - , ! I arrived at the capital, whence I was

i; lii" j nuu niui in i inula iiuiii i n un n n A , M . r - i nOf1lll cllrr.mAtiA A t r Ka Itrrf motitc (

I i - KJ t V fU'lUMt W 1 J lilt IH I'lll iiiiv i.-u '

rahh bohy of the S eate.

i . t r !

.host excellent am: in no former circumstances has the august authority of Congress been of such necessity to the T public asat this present neriod. in u hid.

r I every mi: d has been disturbed, and the

wh- le nation agitated, by internal cotnmotio:i. Called Iv vour excellencv to take the

tins city I have issued decrees so important

that I make bold to declare it ot the great-

'. t. ' ii- i, the ancient V ei!ti7!ila. horn Bogota to

ririT Tiir fi ir i l w i rn 'i uvni nrr f.v Ain n

.l'l . II Ul IWKf Ik l IV HlllHw I. A'l'U ) that jti-tice was hliiid a to every tiling i

I'Vii. ta:v i iihii vii'iu i in n'li. iii.ii if . . -i . it til .... .- i i i i st moment that vour excellency should con I J neither st-e parties, nor I ok to luture iX ' c r .i i 1 tl c . j ca.l the attention of Congress to them, and

ii -.i t . .i .1 i"to their wise

i . J . . overstepped ine boundaru s of my authority cause, and to the connection between tin-j , . ' , , J. -

,! nit- i.iuii lies soieiv wiumii me, uui j vtii-

Short Courtship.- A pensioner frcn the neighborhood of Monea, came to our market on Thursday, having buried hia wife only eight days previous; he met a young woman in the street, to whom he never spoke before, and addressed'her as follows "My dear, 1 have a neat little farm and two cows, with a well furnished house

and all I require to make me happy, is a wife. -1 have fallen in love with you today f you consent to be my wife, you I will livp romfortabh. and I will pay the

- j - w

rent of mv farm with mv pension. Will

! vou have me -now or never?" The young

woman hesitated a few moments, and re-

ctirgon the consequence of refusing, rc-

' piefiYej." The happy pair drove off

; were married, and went h;me the same

dav. EniikelUn Reptrtsu

j The great National Road of the West. Thisijreat Avenue through the Western Spates, which is a continuation of the Cum ;Jerland Road, isa construction on the , M'Adam plan We are glad to find by ; tlie follow ing report to the War Department from the Superintendent of the Road ;ihat thi system of roadmaking, so highly ' recommended stands the test of experiment. i Permit me to say that the work under , my supenntendencv progresses as rapidly

as could bave been expected under a new

wiih

cr(pm I hnt nart rtl rmri unrin ryhirh

request that bod v from me, to take them j he travelling has been during the Winte ' - f t k . i M M

i has stood belter man us most sanguine

consid ration. If I have

case to 1 e adjudicated, and its most re . i .,r.,..

.i . i-ir . . I s iletv of the republic. I his sac ihce was the ame. cr other parties, in dillercnt nt-M "jr 1 jii 1 . r quired of me, and 1 glory in not having rr , i- . i i !' o I Ved it. l.ius, iu attemptinu to shape a dons- .... . v i i, : r , ' . t , ... W hen in Peru, an oflicial notice brought ion in one case, so as to quadrate with alls . , ... V. . i Ti t , i t i i me intelligence ol my elevati n, by the po-aible caes, u Iicv exp dicnev be- , , .. J ' : .. Y

.1 i . - kj inc iiicriutiii.) ii iivr ii uiiuiivi r-A'To lh' nrmrin o ti-.nirs nl i r.iimit'ili.ti) h ' . ' T J ' '

And i judi' ial df i?ion is made to bear a stror .g analogy to legislative enactment. Another of these errors is the suhstitti

tion ofan elaborate train of reasoning, for brief and explicit decision. This is close ly connected with the first error, and a

good deioe originates in it. When aj proposition is laid down, and either nai-; iOAcd or extended with a view to rouv te ' ntjil mere! soppo-iuhle coosecjuences, all; these mint he ixplair.ed. The prohahilit) j tl.Mt ll.n l' n. i -irui flir. . il il ... ..-.

hri ;. f?;..n. ti. !,iiIin,..,M lhc American continent.

r;.. . c . i i I na reicned in Colombia since the com-

win "i " iiiui' invst: .1 ii i ii n.iicij evils i

rro tall he made out. Thu? a lec il

ion, ins . u.i of de idin the

declined lo the rxecut.ve power the ac ceptai.ee of the chief magistracy of tl. iation. For fourteen years have I fulfilled the otine of supreme head President of tho republic; dangers forced this duty upon me, which no longer existing, leave me at liberty to retire to the enjoyments of private life. I beg of Concrcs? to cast a regard upon the situation of Colombia, of America, and of the entire world: Every thing seems to flatter us. There is not a Spaniard upon

Domestic pence

iti 1 1. '. !

cae in hand !

mencement of the present year. Many powerful nations recognise our political

1 : I . L.

is rn ale to resemble (he thesis of a student, I . , ; V f . J 7 ? and con-,sts of hypothesis and inference.!! bn,1!- ol 4and . f'ndship. A large

-li;- over an almost interminable sur 1 1 "M uoa. 1 "K! mpCil" re ij ance with Colombia, and Spain is at prcs-

T'lis is a growine evil, and our state 1 lu nacca oy ureal lr a.n. vnai Jadr-s hav..ahn K. . . cnl..,. more can we hope for? 1 he womb of

inlh.en, e. Oar bonks of rennris bnin mi! fime .can a,0.nP contain the immensity of

f r

Sprea fact.

rcii'.'rihle volumes of orations, rather than;

collections of id judged ca?cs: ingenious

happiness whir h has been prepared for us

In a bountiful Providence in whom is our .. I I: a .

sr.nhUfrv sinmli. ihr- nh.ro f tM,,J ' r"'.inv.v. as io me, suspicions oi a

rxpo-ition few-have intangible subtlety,'! t.vrj,!ral usurpation rest upon my name, intr-a.. of plain den.onstration. J d d!s,tu,, th. rts of the Colombians. In the ( ,( state ii.solv. nt laws, itM '"Publicans, jealous of thtMr liberties, canis understood that three of the judges, Mar-;! m w,'lout a dread, si. ill Story and Duval, considered tlx n, I hJir,'IUSC . P"5" 0fh!!tor lr" fhcm 1t,,at w icliv invalid, tvherever they provided:! f o placed in s.m.lar situations have for disxhar-ing the , . n ract. The f ubdi-!' almbl,,olls- , In vain do I wish to provisions of opinion bv v. h thev are mde l' VK r f ASI!,NGTON aS ln inopeiatiw- in fonvM:-w, and"dlicatorv ! . l,,RCl'5 iU;d 111 om OT. mny XCCP' in. i H is. existed among the other fou'r ! 1,0118 C'? c,l,'ct 1n1ol,llll!? w' -lcperi-in lg -s. Without admitiin- that the tbreei! e,,re he world, which has always been j.i d-e were rigiu, it seems clear to me! "PP"1 ,l the poucrful. I sigh bet t:t the ot'aets oust be wrong. And the distrenci of my fellow citizens, hui-a. d tie- opinion that h df a centurv ii and t,,f pc"r) ' bich awaits me in the he :r the decision now made, will not be!! j'Kment of posterity. I m self am aware Tr? ,., as rixv j; th.at I am not Irce from ambit ion; and V:.. i i.Mi.Mr t! o fm,prri;,1 ....iri.r'! tbcief re, I desire to extricate mvscdf from

of o

i;

M i t - V f . ft

ft . j ' i i in h'n ni rn-n ini- 1 i - k r rv. i . . i i

Ui.tl. tfe ncTlOCtlOo OlkfflS-:' c" ' e ' in; .en.ivv

l.li.i I i.1',iflr,lil;.:1r,. I f Ui,. rr,....: . C!lZ .S fl'Ol U 1 1 I ' .j 1 1 j C t II , ,'l J () ( Ml,(.

tft.V lUft.'UV.Aftft.W W ll iilVil A L 1 V "

Ihe Aonaie

yard, and shall not exceed S4 the sonair

ii after niy death that reputation which i! vttrd, thall be taken mid deemed to bay

friends could have expected when the fact

that the travel was admitted at the beginning of the winter, before the compactness, i is taken into view. Indeed it has stood j admirably, and the effect has been to dissipate the prejudices almost universal against

the system. From the (Frankfort) Commentator, THE WOOLLENS BILL. Great efforts are making in ct rtain quarters to deceive and delude the public about this measure. The misrepresentations, both as to the actual provisions of the bill, and its probable consequences, are innumerable, and many of them originate in high places. To counteract these efforts to deceive the people, we now copy the bill, as it was reported to the House of Representatives where it pas-

ed, and as it stood when defeated in the

Senate by the Jackson c pposltion ard the casting vote of Vr e President Caihoun,

A BILL for the alteration of the acts imposing duty on imports Be it enacted, c. Tl. t from and after the hi st day of August, 1827, in lieu of the duties row imposed by law on the manufactured articles hereafter mentioned, imported into the United States, there shall lie charged and paid the duties chatgeable thereon in the following manner: First, All manufactures of wool, or of wbi h wool is a component part, except worsted stuff goods, and blankets, whose aitual vaiue at the place whence imported shall not exci ed 40 cents per square yard, shall be taken & deemed to have coat 40 cents the square yard, and cbarg d with ihe presei t duty accordingly. -Second, 'All manufactures of wool, or of which wool si ali be a component part, except wonted stuff goods and blankets, whose actual valu- at h place whence imported shall exceed 10 r nt- the square yard, and shall noi i xc i ii $2 50'lhc square yard, shall be tiken ird deemed to l ino cost $2 50 lie tquare tard, and charged with the piennt dutv accordingly. .Third, All manufacture oi

j wool, or of which wo.. I is a component part, j wonted stuff goodi and blankets excepted ; whose actual value at the place kI ouc

tmpoiiea sh .ll offered 2 M) ft K . . . "

cost $4 f a iqcaro yard, and chsrrcd the present duty, accordingly.

Sec. 2. And U il further enacted, T,at all . unmanufactured aool now chsreed with a duty of thirty percent, ad vabrem shall, frcn and after tha 1st day of JUr ' 1823, be. charged with a duty of thirty-five per cent, ad valorem, and from and afer the 1st day of June, 1C29, ba charge with a duty of fcity per cent, ad valorem" and all wool unmanufactured, whose atn. al vnlua at the place whence imported, shall erceed ten cents per pound, jJ not escecd 40 cents per pound, shall be deemed and ta!:en to have cot forty cents per pound, end bs charged with the duty cs in this section before provided. ' Sec. 3. And te it furter enacted, That all imported wool on the skin, shall be charged with a duty of thirty percent, arf

valorem, including the value of the skia catil the first day cf Augut, 1827, wbm a duty of thirty-live per cent, ad valorem shall bs charged and paid until the first day of August, 1828, after which thtre shall be charged and paid on the saaie, a duty of forty per cent, ad valorem. It will be e;eu that the lirst object cf the bill was, to give proper effect to the

now very popular measure, the Tariff cf 1824. It does not raise the rate of duty oa noollen cloths at all. It was only intended to prevent the frauds nhich foreign manufacturers and merchants had got into the habit of practising upon the revenue, by undervaluing their goods, when they idported them. The present duty on such articles, is, according to the Tariff of 1824, "on 'all manufactures of wool, or partly of wod, (except worsted stuff goods and blankets, which shall pay 2b per cent, ad valorem,)

a duty of thirty-three and a third per ctnh r.d valorem. Provided, That on all man uf iCtures of wool, (flannels & baizes excr pted,) ths actual cost of nhich, at the pk whence imported, shall net esceed thirty three and a third cents per square yard, shall be charged rvith a duty of twenty five percent, ad valorem." The present duty on unmanufactured wool, is according to the Tariff of 1824,30 per cent, ad valorem. Provided, That all (coarse) wool not exceeding ten cents per pound, shall be charged fifteen per cent. ?.d valorem, and no more.

Wool, on the skins, is not mentioned in the Tariffof 1824. By the Tariff of 1816, "raw hides and skins" may be imported fiee o duty, and, no doubt, immense numbers of raw thcep skins zrell ccsarcd zrith zcool, are imported free of duty. The cd valorem duty which is paid upon foreign goods, is a certain rate per cent, upon ths value, end to ascertain the valiaf ten per cent, is added to the cost. So w hen nocllen cloth costs CO cents per yard, it is cf the value of 66 cents par yard, and pays a duty (at 33 1-3 per cent.) of 22 cents per yard. It will cot escape the attentive observer, that on woollen cloths which cost ju-t 40 cents, or 1 50, or Q2 60 cents, or $4, the duty would not have been raised or altered at all. On there costing a little over any of these prices, tho duty is raised a little. It has been represented by some deceiving demagogues, that on coarse, cheap woolen5 such as the "farmers and mechanics," (to use their onn words,) wear, ths

i duties or tas was to be raised enormously ! while the duties ca fine cloths, as "Congress mc7i" wear, uas cot to be raised at all. This is a mczi grccs rnisrepresentaj tion. The bill included in fact, though not in terms, every description of woolka j cloth, ever brought to the western country j for sale; and if any are ever imported into the United State which would not come

j within the provisions of the bill, such imj portations are estre mely rare. To prove i this, 1st it be recollected, that the best cloths which are brought to this country for sale, are retailed in the stores at about f 1 2 a yard. Such cloths ccst, at the manj u factory in England about sis dclhrs n yard jura Iffle less. If it should ccst more j than six there, and be sold here for rot j more twelve, some of the dealers would be I left without a reasonable profit. Those

goods are a yard and three quarter? wiae, and six dollars running yard, at which we have h en computing them, is less thn four dollars the square )ard, they are consequently within the provisions of the bill. H t nn-st of the cloths sold here for the use oi dressy people we do not say wealthy pt oph because the wealthy people in tr country do rot, in general, aim todic4

iegantlj, (and here a principal argum. ;d the demagogues fails) but such cloths

a- j.ie g nernlty worn by dressy pei-i1' "Congress men," if you please, sell in l"5 s.uies, ataln-ut lOdollars a yard coftn gj Kngland about five dollars the i uisnii'g),r( or three dollars the square yard. 1 such, the duty or tas would have wJJ greatly raised by the woolens bill. 1 ' lax on a coat of such cloth (2 yrte) 15 $3 30. Bv the woolens bill," if Vllt